2024/08/17

행복한 왕자 - Wikipedia The Happy Prince and Other Tales

행복한 왕자 - Wikipedia

행복한 왕자

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.

 영화에 대해서는 행복한 왕자 (영화) 문서를 참고하십시오.
월터 크레인 초판 그림

《행복한 왕자》(영어: The Happy Prince)는 오스카 와일드가 지은 동화 작품 가운데 하나이다. 1888년 동화집 《행복한 왕자와 다른 이야기들》(The Happy Prince and Other Tales)을 통해 발표한 동화 작품이다. 2017년에는 루퍼트 에버렛과 콜린 퍼스 주연의 동명의 영화가 개봉되었다. 한국어판은 동쪽나라에서 펴낸 <세상에서 가장 아름다운 이야기>에 황순원의 <소나기>, 나다니엘 호손의 <큰바위얼굴> 등과 함께 실려 있다.[1]

줄거리

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높이 솟은 기둥 위에 보석들로 치장한 행복한 왕자 동상이 있고 사람들은 그 동상을 찬미한다.

어느 겨울 날, 갈대와 노니느라 따뜻한 나라인 이집트로 가지 못한 제비가 밤에 동상 위에서 쉬다가 행복한 왕자의 눈물을 본다. 행복한 왕자 동상은 아래로 내려다 보이는 비참한 도시의 모습이 마음 아프다며, 제비에게 자신을 도와줄 것을 부탁한다. 이에 제비는 왕자가 들고 있던 칼자루의 루비를 아픈 아이에게 물어다주어 엄마와 아픈 아이에게 오렌지를 먹일 수 있도록 했고, 배가 주려서 글을 쓰지 못하던 가난한 작가와 성냥팔이 소녀에게 눈에 박혀있던 사파이어를 가져다준다. 또한 몸을 덮고 있던 금조각들을 모두 떼내어 가난한 사람들에게 나누어 주었다. 처음에는 "내 친구들은 이집트에서 겨울을 나고 있는데..."라면서 불안해하던 제비는 이후 왕자가 "이제 네가 할 일은 없어. 친구들이 있는 이집트로 가려무나"라고 말하자 "아니에요, 당신 곁에 있는 것이 좋아요"라면서 그가 하려는 일을 돕고자 했다. 열이 올라서 힘들어하는 어린이가 낫도록 날개짓을 할 만큼 가난한 이들의 어려운 처지를 헤아리는 마음이 생겼기 때문이었다.

행복한 왕자의 모습은 점점 초라해져 가고, 심부름을 하던 제비는 추운 날씨 탓에 죽고 말았다. 이제는 초라해지고 볼품 없어진 행복한 왕자 동상을 시의원들은 아예 녹여 버리기로 한다. 그러나 행복한 왕자의 쪼개져 버린 심장만은 녹지 않았다. 이때 하늘나라에서는 하나님이 천사에게 도시에서 가장 귀한 두 가지를 가져오라고 명령했다. 그러자 천사는 주저없이 행복한 왕자의 쪼개진 심장과 죽은 제비를 가져다 바쳤고, 그리하여 그들은 천국에서 행복하게 살았다고 한다.














행복한 왕자

출처 : 무료 백과 사전 "Wikipedia (Wikipedia)"
행복한
왕자 The Happy Prince
월터 크레인에 의한 삽화
월터 크레인 에 의한 삽화
작성자오스카 와일드
국가아일랜드의 국기 아일랜드
언어영어
장르단편소설 , 동화
간본 정보
간행"행복한 왕자 기타"( The Happy Prince and Other Tales )
출판원런던 의 데이비드 너트 서점
출판년월일1888년 5월
일본어 번역
역자야마다 마사지 , 니시무라 타카지
 위키 포털 문학 포털 서적
템플릿 보기

『행복한 왕자 』(고후쿠나 우지 [1] , The Happy Prince )는 아일랜드 출신의 문인 오스카 와일드 에 의한 아이들을 위한 단편 소설. 또 이 단편이 처음 나오는 단편 편집 The Happy Prince and Other Tales 의 통칭. 1888년 에 처음으로 출판되었다.

마을의 중심부에 높게 우뚝 서는 자아를 가진 왕자상이 곳곳을 날아다니며 다양한 이야기를 해주는 제비 와 함께 고생과 슬픔 속에 있는 사람들을 위해 박애의 마음으로 자신이 가지고 있다 보석이나 자신의 몸을 덮고 있는 금박을 나누어 가는 자기 희생 의 이야기. 마지막은, 보석도 없어져 금박의 벗겨진 초라한 모습이 된 왕자와, 일각도 빨리 남쪽으로 건너가야 한다고 뒤머리를 당기면서도, 이윽고 왕자상과 운명을 함께 보내는 각오를 결정한 제비가 남는다 . 박애와 비장, 상징성이 높은 작품.

줄거리

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한 도시의 기둥 위에 '행복한 왕자'라는 동상이 세워져 있었다. 한때 이 나라에서 행복한 평생을 보내면서 젊어서 죽었다는 왕자를 기념하여 건립된 것이었다. 두 눈에는 푸른 사파이어 , 허리 검 장식에는 새빨간 루비가 빛나고, 몸은 금박에 싸여 있고, 심장은 납 으로 만들어져 있었다. 아주 아름다운 왕자는 도시 사람들의 자랑이었다. 그러나 사람들이 모르는 것이 있었다. 그 상에는 죽은 왕자 자신의 영혼이 머무르고 있기 때문에 자아를 가지고 있는 것. 왕자가 한때 궁전에 있었을 무렵에는 눈치채지 못하고 몰랐던 이 마을의 가난하고 불행한 사람들의 실태를 알고 슬퍼하고 있는 것이다.

철새 이기 때문에 이집트 로 여행을 떠나려던 제비가 잠자리를 찾아 왕자의 동상 발밑에서 자려고 하면 갑자기 위에서 큰 눈물이 내려온다. 왕자는 이곳에서 보이는 불행한 사람들에게 자신의 보석을 올려 주었으면 한다고 제비에게 부탁한다. 제비는 일찍 남쪽으로 건너고 싶었지만, 이윽고 말한대로 왕자의 검 의 장식에 사용되고 있던 아름다운 루비를 아픈 아이가 있는 가난한 어머니에게 전달했다.

왕자는 한눈에 사파이어를 굶주린 젊은 극작가 에게, 다른 한쪽을 어린 매치 판매의 소녀에게 가져 가고 싶다고 말해, 제비는 "그런 일을 하면 눈이 보이지 않게 되어 버린다"고 충고하지만, "이 풍경을 보는 것이 힘들다"고 말해진 채 양눈 사파이어를 전달한다.

이집트에 건너는 것을 중지하고, 거리에 남아, 왕자와 함께 보내는 각오를 결의한 제비는 거리를 날아다니며, 양눈을 없애고 눈이 보이지 않게 된 왕자에게 다양한 이야기를 들려준다. 왕자는 제비의 이야기를 듣고, 아직 많이 있는 불행한 사람들에게, 자신의 몸의 금박을 벗겨 나누어 주었으면 한다고 부탁한다.

이윽고 겨울이 방문해, 왕자는 과거의 빛을 잃고, 초라한 모습이 되어, 남쪽의 나라에 건너 잃은 제비도 서서히 쇠약해져 약해져 간다. 스스로의 죽음을 깨달은 제비는 마지막 힘을 휘두르며 뛰어오르고, 눈에 보이지 않는 왕자에게 키스를 하고, 이윽고 그의 발밑에서 힘을 다한다. 그 순간, 왕자의 납의 심장은 소리를 내고 두 개로 깨져 버렸다. 초라한 모습이 된 왕자의 동상은 마음 없는 사람들에 의해 기둥에서 제거되어 용광로 에서 녹았지만, 납의 심장만은 녹지 않고, 제비와 함께 쓰레기 쌓여 버렸다.

천국에서는 하계의 모습을 모두 보고 있던 하나님께서 천사에게 “이 거리에서 가장 존경받는 것을 두 가지 가져오라”고 명령하여 천사를 보내게 한다. 천사는 쓰레기 모으기에서 왕자의 납의 심장을, 그리고 제비의 해골을 가져온다. 하나님은 천사를 칭찬했고, 왕자와 제비는 낙원에서 영원히 행복하게 되었다.

일본어 번역

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이하는 최근 간행된 것.

영상화

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관련 항목

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단편집에 수록된 작품

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  • 행복한 왕자 - The Happy Prince
  • 나이팅게일과 장미 - The Nightingale and the Rose
  • 버릇없는 거인 - The Selfish Giant
  • 충실한 친구 - The Devoted Friend
  • 비범한 발사 불꽃놀이 - The Remarkable Rocket

각주

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  1. ^ 방제에는 이 외 『행복의 왕자』『행복의 왕자』『행복한 왕자』가 있다(긴키대학 중앙도서관 2010).
  2. ↑ 테마 송 「제비」 이야기 - YOASOBI와 만드는 미래의 노래

참고문헌

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외부 링크

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===

The Happy Prince and Other Tales

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Happy Prince and Other Tales
First edition cover
AuthorOscar Wilde
Publication date
May 1, 1888

The Happy Prince and Other Tales (or Stories) is a collection of stories for children by Oscar Wilde first published in May 1888. It contains five stories: "The Happy Prince," "The Nightingale and the Rose," "The Selfish Giant," "The Devoted Friend," and "The Remarkable Rocket." In 2003, the second through fourth stories were adapted by Lupus Films and Terraglyph Interactive Studios into the three-part series Wilde Stories for Channel 4.

Contents

[edit]

The Happy Prince

[edit]
Plate 1 for the first edition by Walter Crane

In a town full of suffering poor people, a swallow who was left behind after his flock flew off to Egypt for the winter[1] meets the statue of the late "Happy Prince,"[2] who has never experienced true sorrow, for he lived in a palace where sorrow was not allowed to enter.[2] Viewing various scenes of people suffering in poverty from his tall monument,[3] the Happy Prince asks the swallow to take the ruby from his hilt,[2] the sapphires from his eyes,[4] and the gold leaf covering his body[5] to give to the poor. As winter comes and the Happy Prince is stripped of all of his beauty, his lead heart breaks when the swallow dies as a result of his selfless deeds and severe cold.[5] The people, unaware of their good deeds, take the statue down from the pillar due to its shabbiness (intending to replace it with one of the Mayor[6]) and melt the metal in a furnace, leaving behind the broken heart and the dead swallow, which are thrown in a dust heap.[7] These are taken up to heaven by an Angel that has deemed them the two most precious things in the city. This is affirmed by God, and they live forever in His "city of gold"[6] and garden of Paradise.

Adaptations

[edit]
  • A radio drama adaption by Columbia Workshop was broadcast on 26 December 1936.
  • In 1941 Orson Welles and The Mercury Theatre broadcast a version on their "Christmas Show," with music by Bernard Herrmann.
  • Another radio version was broadcast in the Philco Radio Hall of Fame on 24 December 1944. This featured Orson Welles (narrator), Bing Crosby (as The Prince) and Lurene Tuttle as The Swallow.[8]
  • A record album called The Happy Prince was recorded on 21 August 1945[9] and issued in 1946 by American Decca Records, with Orson Welles narrating and Bing Crosby as the Prince.[10]
  • In 1968 the British group Bee Gees published the song "When the Swallows Fly" with clear references to "The Happy Prince".
  • In 1969 New Zealand group the La De Da's released an album The Happy Prince, as a rock opera based on the story. Band members Bruce Howard and Trevor Wilson had conceived the idea in 1967, composing the music with Australian poet Adrian Rawlins narrating parts of Wilde's story.
  • Canadian producer Michael Mills, created an animated film adaptation of the story in 1974 starring Glynis Johns as the swallow and Christopher Plummer as the Prince.[11]
  • A major story arc in Journey to the West II presented the tale as the backstory of two antagonists. The Python Demon Queen (Angie Cheung) who is in love with the Interconnected-Arm Gibbon (Derek Kok), explained that she was once a swallow besotted with his statue of gold, and later helped the suffering commoners by stripping the statue of its treasures and distributing it.
  • Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child presented a version of the title story set in New York City featuring Ed Koch as the Happy Prince (who was the statue of the city's previous mayor) and Cyndi Lauper as a streetwise pigeon named "Pidge" (in place of the Swallow).
  • Leo the Lion Records released a reading of the story performed by Richard Kiley on a recording (#GD01603) including a dramatization of "The Magic Fishbone" by Charles Dickens featuring Julie Harris and Ian Martin and a reading of Rudyard Kipling's story "The Potted Princess" performed by Ms. Harris.
  • McDull, Prince de la Bun was partially based on this story.
  • In 2012 the Irish composer Vincent Kennedy and playwright John Nee adapted the story for narrator, chorus and orchestra. "The Happy Prince" was premiered in County Donegal, Ireland, in April 2012 with Nee narrating and acting and Kennedy conducting and performing. It was broadcast on RTÉ Jr Radio.[citation needed]
  • A chamber musical, by Sue Casson, based on the story first toured Britain in 1992, touring again for its 20th anniversary 2012 - 2014.[12] Original cast recording featuring John Barr as the Happy Prince and Mina Anwar as the Swallow released in 1993 on Dress Circle Records.[1]
  • Music for Oscar Wilde's "Happy Prince" from his book "The Happy Prince and Other Tales", composed by Edvard Schiffauer, c.2000
  • In 2016, British-Canadian composer Tony Matthews composed an operetta version for children which premiered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, on 4 December 2016.[13]
  • In the fall of 2020, a "Rock Reading" dramatic presentation of the story was performed for the Theatre 1010 in Tokyo Japan. It starred Motodaka Katsuki as the titular prince and Konno Taiki as the swallow, both of the J-pop boyband 7 Men Samurai.[14]
  • The visual novel "Sakura no Uta" makes various references to The Happy Prince.
  • In 2023, "The Happy Prince", a musical by well-known musical director and writer David W. Young, was performed at Metro Arts New Benner Theatre, in West End, Brisbane on the 19 and 20 May 2023.[15]

The Nightingale and the Rose

[edit]

This story is an allegory of the moral decay and materialism of the age.[16]

A nightingale overhears a student complaining that the professor's daughter will not dance with him, as he is unable to give her a red rose;[17] a lizard, a butterfly and a daisy laugh at the student for doing so. The nightingale visits all the rose-trees in the garden, and one of the roses tells her there is a way to produce a red rose, but only if the nightingale is prepared to sing the sweetest song for the rose all night with her heart pressing into a thorn, sacrificing her life.[18] Seeing the student in tears, and valuing his human life above her bird life, the nightingale carries out the ritual and dies painfully.[19] The student takes the rose to the professor's daughter, but she again rejects him because the Chamberlain's nephew has sent her some real jewels, and "everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers."[20] The student angrily throws the rose into the gutter, returns to his study of metaphysics, and decides not to believe in true love anymore.[21]

Adaptations

[edit]
Main article: Music based on the works of Oscar Wilde

There are many adaptations of this story in the form of operas and ballets. These include:

  • A cantata by Henry Hadley, an American composer and conductor, The Nightingale and the Rose, libretto E. W. Grant, Op. 54, S, SSAA, orchestra (New York, 1911)
  • An opera by Hooper Brewster-Jones, an Australian composer, The Nightingale and the Rose, 1927, of which only an orchestral suite survives.
  • A ballet by English composer Harold Fraser-Simson, The Nightingale and the Rose, (based on Wilde) (1927)
  • One-act opera Rosa rossa, Op. 18, by Italian composer Renzo Rinaldo Bossi [de] (1883–1965), libretto by Bossi, after Wilde: The Nightingale and the Rose, Radio Turin, 9 August 1938; staged Teatro Regio (Parma), 9 January 1940.[22]
  • A ballet by Latvian-Canadian composer Jānis Kalniņš, Lakstigala un roze [The Nightingale and the Rose], Riga, 1938
  • An opera by British composer Jonathan Rutherford, The Nightingale and the Rose, 1966
  • One-act opera by American composer Margaret Garwood, The Nightingale and the Rose, libretto by Garwood, Chester, Widener College Alumni Auditorium, 21 October 1973
  • One-act chamber opera by Russian composer Elena Firsova, The Nightingale and the Rose, Op. 46 (1991), libretto by Firsova, premiered 8 July 1994 at Almeida Theatre, Almeida Opera
  • One-act ballet by South African composer David Earl, The Nightingale and the Rose, 1983
  • A short film adaptation by Del Kathryn Barton with filmmaker Brenda Fletcher in 2015 that was screened at the Melbourne Writer's Festival
  • A one-act opera by Philip Hagemann written in 2003.[23]

The Selfish Giant

[edit]
Plate 2 for the first edition by Walter Crane

The Selfish Giant owns a beautiful garden which has 12 peach trees and lovely fragrant flowers, in which children love to play after returning from school.[24] On the giant's return after visiting his friend the Cornish Ogre for seven years, he takes offence at the children and builds a wall to keep them out.[24] He puts up a notice board "TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED." The garden falls into perpetual winter.[25] One day, the giant is awakened by a linnet, and discovers that spring has returned to the garden, as the children have found a way in through a gap in the wall. He sees the error of his ways, and resolves to destroy the wall. However, when he emerges from his castle, all the children run away except for one boy who was trying to climb a tree.[26] The giant helps this boy into the tree and announces: "It is your garden now, little children,"[27] and knocks down the wall. The children once more play in the garden, and Spring returns. But the boy that the Giant helped does not return, and the Giant is heartbroken. Many years later, after happily playing with the children all the time, the Giant is old and feeble. One winter morning, he awakes to see the trees in one part of his garden in full blossom. He descends from the castle to discover the boy that he once helped standing beneath a beautiful white tree.[27] The Giant sees that the boy bears the stigmata. He does not realise that the boy is actually the Christ Child and is furious that somebody has wounded him.

"Who hath dared to wound thee?" cried the Giant; "tell me, that I may take my big sword and slay him."
"Nay!" answered the child; "but these are the wounds of Love."
"Who are you?" said the Giant, and a strange awe fell on him, and he knelt before the little child.
And the child smiled on the Giant, and said to him, "You let me play once in your garden, to-day you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise."[27]

Shortly afterwards, the happy giant dies. That same afternoon, his body is found lying under the tree, covered in blossoms.

Adaptations

[edit]
  • English singer and composer Liza Lehmann wrote the recitation The Selfish Giant in 1911.[28]
  • English light music composer Eric Coates wrote the orchestral Phantasy The Selfish Giant in 1925.[29] In 1933–1934, violinist-composer Jenő Hubay adapted the story into a Hungarian language opera, Az önző óriás (Der selbstsüchtige Riese), Op. 124. The libretto was written by László Márkus and Jenő Mohácsi.
  • A record album was produced in the 1940s by American Decca, narrated by Fredric March, with a full unnamed supporting cast.
  • In 1971, Peter Sander wrote and produced an animated version of The Selfish Giant for CTV in Canada. The music was by Ron Goodwin. It was nominated at the 44th Academy Awards (1972) in the Animated Short Subject category, one of only three films to receive a nomination. It was first broadcast in November that year.[30]
  • In the 1990s, the Australian team of composer Graeme Koehne and choreographer Graeme Murphy created a children's ballet based on The Selfish Giant.
  • In 1992, the cartoonist P. Craig Russell adapted the story for Volume 1 of "Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde," which also includes "The Star Child."[31]
  • In 1995 Richard Jeffrey-Gray composed a children's opera version, commissioned by Pied Piper and first performed at St George's, Brandon Hill, UK. With a faithful libretto by Alison Dodd it was conceived as a weekend workshop and chamber version. This is recorded with narration, not required in the stage work, spoken by Christopher Walker. The chamber version is on YouTube.
  • In the 1997 film Wilde, based on the life of the author, portions of The Selfish Giant are woven in, with Wilde and his wife telling the story to their children, the portions reflecting on his relationship with them and others: the sadness of the children who can no longer play in the giant's garden is reflected in that of Wilde's sons as their beloved father spends more time with his lovers than with them.
  • In 2010, UK composer Howard Goodall wrote a version, to a commission from the Brighton Festival, for narrator, children's choir and orchestra.
  • An illustrated and abridged version was published in 2013 by Alexis Deacon.
  • The Selfish Giant is a 2013 British drama film directed by Clio Barnard, inspired by and loosely based on the Oscar Wilde story.
  • In 2014, the story was adapted as a South Korean musical stage by June Young Soh, the musical was a global project involving talents from different countries starring T-ara's Boram, Kim Tae Woo and French actor Jerome Collet. The musical was also very successful and sold out every showing.[32]
  • In 2018, English songwriter Guy Chambers adapted the story into a folk opera
  • In 2024, The Mississauga Players presented a Spanish/English community theatre production at the Maja Prentice Theatre in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. The single-day event on Jan. 27 featured book, music, lyrics, and orchestrations by Raul A. Pinto.

The Devoted Friend

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Once upon a time, there was a kind and honest man named Hans. He lived alone in a tiny cottage.

Hans was a little man who owned a beautiful garden, where he grew flowers of all kinds and colours which were sold in the market to make some money.[33] He enjoyed the company of another man called Hugh, a miller who used to visit Hans very often during the summer time and with whom he shared thoughts about friendship and loyalty. Hans was so devoted to Hugh that he even gifted him whole bunches of flowers from his own garden.[34]

However, when winter came, Hans found himself in a very difficult situation, as his flowers wouldn't flourish anymore until the following spring, meaning that he was impoverished, living on a simple diet of a few pears and hard nuts.[33] That winter was so stark that he had to sell some of his useful gardening tools, including his wheelbarrow, a silver chain, his pipe and some silver buttons. Meanwhile, the miller lived comfortably in his own house and avoided visiting his friend or helping him in any way, not to make him jealous and spoil, if not break, their friendship.[35]

Finally, Spring came, and it was time for Hans to sell some of his primroses in order to buy back his silver buttons.[36] Hugh finally visits him, and, hearing about his problem, he decides to kindly gift him his old, broken wheelbarrow in exchange for a few favours. Hans naively accepts the deal, but the unceasing requests of the miller keeps him busy to the point that he cannot tend his garden.[37]

One day, Hans was asked to go and seek a doctor for Hugh's son, who had hurt himself, but as it was a stormy and rainy night, he could barely see where he was going.[38] After finding the doctor, on the way back home, he gets lost and drowns in a hole full of water.[38]

Hugh, exaggerating his sadness,[39] attends Hans's funeral, and the linnet's story is concluded with the following sentence: "'A great loss to me at any rate,' answered the Miller; 'why, I had as good as given him my wheelbarrow, and now I really don't know what to do with it. It is very much in my way at home, and it is in such bad repair that I could not get anything for it if I sold it. I will certainly take care not to give away anything again. One always suffers for being generous.'"[39]

The water-rat, however, is unmoved by the story, saying that he would rather have not had listened to it, and disappears into his home.[39]

This story has been adapted for comics by the cartoonist P. Craig Russell, in Volume 4 of "Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde," which also includes "The Nightingale and the Rose."[40]

The Remarkable Rocket

[edit]
Main article: The Remarkable Rocket

This story concerns a firework, who is one of many to be let off at the wedding of a prince and princess.[41] The rocket is extremely pompous and self-important, and denigrates all the other fireworks, eventually bursting into tears to demonstrate his "sensitivity."[42] As this makes him wet, he fails to ignite and, the next day, is thrown away into a ditch. He still believes he is destined for great public importance, and treats a frog, dragonfly, and duck that meet him with appropriate disdain.[43] Two boys find him and use him as fuel for their camp-fire. The rocket is finally lit and explodes, but nobody observes him – the only effect he has is to frighten a goose with his falling stick.[44]

"The Remarkable Rocket," unlike the other stories in the collection, contains a large number of Wildean epigrams:

"Conversation, indeed!" said the Rocket. "You have talked the whole time yourself. That is not conversation."
"Somebody must listen," answered the Frog, "and I like to do all the talking myself. It saves time, and prevents arguments."
"But I like arguments," said the Rocket.
"I hope not," said the Frog complacently. "Arguments are extremely vulgar, for everybody in good society holds exactly the same opinions."[45]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 271–272.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c Wilde 2003, p. 272.
  3. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 272–273.
  4. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 274.
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b Wilde 2003, p. 276.
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b Wilde 2003, p. 277.
  7. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 276–277.
  8. ^ Pairpoint, Lionel. "And Here's Bing". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  9. ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  10. ^ "Orson Welles & Bing Crosby – The Happy Prince (1946) (Part 1)". YouTube. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2013.[dead YouTube link]
  11. ^ The Happy Prince (1974) at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
  12. ^ "English Cabaret". www.englishcabaret.co.uk.
  13. ^ "The Happy Prince". YouTube. 9 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  14. ^ "ROCK READING「幸福王子」7 MEN 侍の本高克樹が王子、今野大輝がツバメに". Natalie.mu. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  15. ^ "Metro Arts, West End, Brisbane".
  16. ^ Fonseka, E.A. Gamini. Sacrifice Unacknowledged: A Literary Analysis of “The Nightingale and the Rose” by Oscar Wilde. American Research Journal of English and Literature, vol 6, no. 1, 2020, pp. 1-8.
  17. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 278.
  18. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 279.
  19. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 279–281.
  20. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 281.
  21. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 281–282.
  22. ^ Bossi, Renzo (Rinaldo) – stage works, operone.de (in German)
  23. ^ Stanford University Libraries (2019). "Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres – Philip Hagemann", accessed 14 April 2019.
  24. ^ Jump up to:a b Wilde 2003, p. 283.
  25. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 283–284.
  26. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 284.
  27. ^ Jump up to:a b c Wilde 2003, p. 285.
  28. ^ "The Selfish Giant". Chappell & Co. 1911. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  29. ^ "Orchestral Works of Eric Coates". Musicweb-international.com. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  30. ^ "The Selfish Giant (1972) Theatrical Cartoon". Bcdb.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  31. ^ Wilde, Oscar. Fairly Tales of Oscar Wilde, Volume 1. NBM. ISBN 1-56163-375-5.
  32. ^ "'Lost Garden' emerges as sleeper hit". koreatimes. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  33. ^ Jump up to:a b Wilde 2003, p. 287.
  34. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 287, 289–290.
  35. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 287–288.
  36. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 289.
  37. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 291.
  38. ^ Jump up to:a b Wilde 2003, p. 292.
  39. ^ Jump up to:a b c Wilde 2003, p. 293.
  40. ^ Wilde, Oscar. Fairly Tales of Oscar Wilde, Volume 4. NBM. ISBN 1-56163-392-5.
  41. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 294–295.
  42. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 295–298.
  43. ^ Wilde 2003, pp. 298–301.
  44. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 301.
  45. ^ Wilde 2003, p. 299.

Sources

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