2018/12/19

한 외국인 녀성기자의 탄복



룡남산


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Louise_Strong

한 외국인 녀성기자의 탄복
김일성종합대학 문학대학 고영국 2017.6.15.


위대한 수령님은 우리 기자들의 자애로운 어버이, 스승이시였을뿐아니라 세계 여러 나라 진보적기자들의 은혜로운 태양이시였다.

위대한 수령님께서는 생전에 오스트랄리아의 월프레드 버체트, 일본의 다까끼 다께오, 뻬루의 체까 헤나로 까르네로, 에꽈도르의 움베르또 오르띠스 풀로레스, 인디아의 비슈와나스, 쏘련의 《쁘라우다》기자였던 젬스꼬브를 비롯한 수많은 기자들을 만나시여 뜨거운 사랑과 배려를 돌려주시였다.

이들중에는 미국의 녀성기자 안나 루이스 스트롱도 있다.

미국의 녀성기자 안나 루이스 스트롱은 중국주재 UPI통신사 기자였던 애버스런과 같이 1930~1940년대의 적지 않은 나날을 중국의 항일전장들과 해방지역에서 글을 썼다. 중국혁명에 이바지하는 진보적인 언론활동과 중국인민에 대한 깊은 리해와 동정으로 하여 주은래와도 친교가 두터웠다. 중국사람들은 그를 《왕관을 쓰지 않은 녀왕》이라고 평가하였다.

그러던 그가 중국의 산서, 섬서, 동북의 해방지역들을 거쳐 1947년 8월에 우리 나라를 방문하고 위대한 수령님의 접견을 받는 영광을 받아안게 되였다.

위대한 수령 김일성동지께서는 다음과 같이 교시하시였다.

《나는 년로한 녀성의 몸으로 먼길을 마다하지 않고 우리 나라를 방문하고 우리 인민에게 고무적인 말씀을 하여준데 대하여 선생에게 깊은 사의를 표합니다.》 (《김일성전집》 제6권 170페지)

위대한 수령님께서는 선생이 미국을 떠나 오랜 기간 해외에서 생활하면서 문필활동으로 제국주의와 파시즘을 반대하고 평화와 민주주의를 위한 세계인민들의 투쟁을 지지하여준데 대하여 높이 평가하시였다.

위대한 수령님께서는 선생이 나를 명성이 높은 청년장군이고 나라와 민족을 구원한 영웅이라고 하였는데 과분한 말씀이라고 하시면서 조선의 진정한 애국자들이 다 그러한것처럼 나도 인민의 아들로서 조국과 인민을 위하여 응당 해야 할 일을 하였을뿐입니다라고, 나는 앞으로도 조국의 자주독립과 인민의 자유와 행복을 위하여 한생을 바칠 결심이라고 뜨겁게 교시하시였다.

위대한 수령님께서는 선생이 건국사업을 자주적으로 하고있는데 대하여 경탄을 표시하였는데 우리는 새 민주조선 건설에서 자주성을 확고히 견지하고있다고 하시면서 그가 어떻게 되여 짧은 기간에 민주건설에서 혁혁한 성과를 달성할수 있었는가 물었을 때에는 그것은 한마디로 말하여 각계각층의 광범한 대중을 인민정권의 주위에 튼튼히 결속시키고 그들의 애국적열의와 창의창발성을 적극 발양시켰기때문이라고 교시하시였다.

위대한 수령님께서는 선생은 우리 나라에 통일정부가 수립되면 내가 대통령으로 선거될것이라고 하면서 앞으로 서울의 정부청사에서 나와 다시 상면할것을 기대한다고 하였는데 통일정부의 대통령으로 누가 되는가 하는것은 남북조선 전체 인민들이 결정할 문제라고, 나는 다만 우리 인민의 신임과 사랑을 받으며 조국의 완전독립과 부강발전을 위하여 헌신분투할 생각뿐이라고 하시면서 나 역시 통일된 우리 나라에서 선생과 다시 만날것을 기대한다는 뜻깊은 교시를 주시였다.

위대한 수령님께서는 국제무대에서 민주와 반동이 날카롭게 대결하고있는 오늘의 복잡한 정세하에서 선생과 같은 진보적언론인들의 임무가 매우 중요하다고 하시면서 진보적언론인들은 정의의 필봉으로 제국주의자들과 그 주구들의 반동적책동을 신랄히 폭로규탄하고 민주력량의 투쟁을 지지성원하여야 한다고, 선생이 돌아가면 북조선의 민주건설과 나라의 완전자주독립을 위한 우리 인민의 투쟁을 미국인민들과 세계인민들에게 널리 소개하겠다고 하였는데 그에 대하여 고맙게 생각한다고 그를 고무하여주시였다.

안나 루이스 스트롱은 2주일간의 우리 나라 체류일정을 마치고 귀국하면서 위대한 수령님께 올린 편지에서 《지금 귀하는 이곳에서 전조선장래의 력사를 창조하고계십니다.》라고 한 말과 영국의 《뉴스 테이츠맨 인드네이슌》지에 북조선민주주의정권의 혁혁한 성과를 찬양하면서 우리 수령님을 통일조선의 대통령이 되기에 가장 합당한 령도력과 자질을 갖추신 분이라고 칭송한것은 국제적인 파문을 일으켰다.

이처럼 위대한 수령님께서는 한없이 겸허하신 품성을 지니시고 인류의 자유와 행복을 위하여 투쟁하는 사람이라면 그 누구든 사랑의 한품에 안아 삶을 빛내여주시는 세계인류의 태양이시다.
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Anna Louise Strong

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Dr.

Anna Louise Strong
Anna Louise Strong 1918.jpg
Anna Louise Strong at the time of her recall from the Seattle School Board in 1918.
BornNovember 24, 1885
Friend, Nebraska, United States
DiedMarch 29, 1970 (aged 84)
Beijing, China
Alma materBryn Mawr College
Oberlin College
University of Chicago
Spouse(s)Joel Shubin (1931–1942)
Parent(s)Sydney Dix Strong
Ms. Strong in Moscow, 1937
Anna Louise Strong (November 24, 1885 – March 29, 1970) was a 20th-century American journalist and activist, best known for her reporting on and support for communist movements in the Soviet Unionand the People's Republic of China.[1][2][3][4]She wrote over 30 books and varied articles.[5]

Biography[edit]

Early years[edit]

Strong was born on November 14, 1885, in a "two-room parsonage" in Friend, Nebraska, the "Middle West," to parents who were middle class liberals active in the Congregational Church and missionary work.[6][7][4][8] [9] Her father, Sydney Dix Strong, was a Social Gospel minister in the Congregational Church, active in missionary work, and dedicated pacifist.[10][1][9] With such education, she worked quickly through grammar and high school, and then studied languages in Europe.[6] Living her early childhood, from 1887 to 1891 in Mount Vernon Ohio, her family had moved to Cincinnati in 1891.[7]
She first attended Pennsylvania's Bryn Mawr College from 1903 to 1904, then graduated from Oberlin College in Ohio in 1905 where she later returned to speak many times.[6][7][8]In 1908, at the age of 23, she finished her education and received a PhD in philosophy from the University of Chicago with a thesis later published as The Social Psychology of Prayer.[1][7][4][11][12][8][9] Being an advocate for child welfare while she worked for the United States Education Office, joining the National Child Labor Committee around the same time, she organized an exhibit and toured it extensively throughout the United States and abroad.[1][6][7] When she brought it to Seattle, in May 1914, 6,000 people came to visit it every day, culminating with an audience, on May 31, of 40,000 people.[6]
At this point, Strong was still convinced that capitalism was responsible for poverty, and sufferings of the working class.[6] She was 30 years old when she returned to Seattle to live with her father, then pastor of Queen Anne Congregational Church.[4]labor and progressive, with "radicalizing events" like the Seattle General Strike and Everett massacre.[1][6][4]
Strong also enjoyed mountain climbing. She organized cooperative summer camps in the Cascades and led climbing parties up Mt. Rainier, leading to the Washington Alpine Club, formed in 1916.[6][13]

Political career[edit]

In 1916, Strong ran for the Seattle School Board in 1916 and won easily due to the support she garnered from women's groups and organized labor and to her work on child welfare.[6][7][4][9] She was the only female board member.[1][6] She argued that the public schools should offer social service programs for underprivileged children, with these schools serving as community centers, but other members wanted to "devote meetings to mundane matters like plumbing fixtures."[6][4]
The year she was elected to the Seattle School Board, the Everett massacre happened. The New York Evening Post hired her as a stringer to report on the conflict between armed guards, hired by Everett mill owners, and the Industrial Workers of the World (or "Wobblies").[6][4] Quickly dropping her neutrality, she soon became an dedicated spokesperson for workers' rights.[6][4]
Strong's endorsement of left-wing causes set her apart from her colleagues on the school board.[6] She opposed war as a pacifist. When the United States entered World War I in April 1917, she spoke out against the draft. [6][4] On one hand, the Parent-Teacher Association and women's clubs joined her in opposing military training in the schools, but the former military veterans of the Spanish–American War, the Seattle Minute Men, took a jingoistic tone, branding her as "unpatriotic."[6][4] The same year, she wrote a letter to the Department of Justice, saying[14]
...it is quite commonly felt in this vicinity that persons with personal grudges need only call in the Department of Justice and lodge complaint, in order to make life miserable for the person they complain against...it has become increasingly evident, however, at least in this vicinity, that the activities of the Department of Justice are doing more than any other one thing to create distrust, suspicion, and dissension among the American people...Wild accusations and attempts to injure persons and organizations who cannot be prosecuted because of lack of evidence does not tend to create confidence in the government...it is my hope that somewhere in your department I may reach some person who sincerely desires to create within this country the unity of democratic loyalty, rather than the hidden disunion of fear
The pacifist stance of the Wobblies led to mass arrests at the Seattle office where Louise Olivereau. The latter was a typist who had been mailing mimeographed circulars to draftees which urged them to become conscientious objectors.[6] [4] In 1918, Strong stood by Olivereau's side in the courtroom, as he was found guilty of sedition and sent to prison.[6][4]
After this, Strong's fellow school board members were quick to launch a recall campaignagainst her due to her association with the IWW, and won by a narrow margin.[1][6][9] She appeared at their next meeting to argue that they must appoint a woman as her successor. Her former colleagues acceded to her request, but they made it clear that they wanted a mainstream, patriotic representative, a mother with children in the schools. They replaced Anna Louise Strong with Evangeline C. Harper, a prominent country club woman in 1918.[6][4][9] As a result, Strong went "elsewhere in search of socialism in practice" with her search bringing her first to the Soviet Union where she stayed from 1921 to 1940 for part of the year, returning to the U.S. "for a lecture tour, usually between January and April."[1][3]

Journalistic career[edit]

Strong became openly associated with the city's labor-owned daily newspaper, The Union Record, writing forceful pro-labor articles and promoting the new Soviet government.[1][6][7][4][9] On February 6, 1919, two days before the beginning of the Seattle General Strike of 1919, she proclaimed in her famous editorial: "We are undertaking the most tremendous move ever made by labor in this country, a move which will lead — NO ONE KNOWS WHERE!"[6][4][15][16] The strike shut down the city for four days and then ended peacefully and with its goals still unattained.
1921 in Samara, Russia, for the American Friends Service Committee.
At a loss as to what to do she took her friend Lincoln Steffens' advice and in 1921 traveled to Poland and Russia serving as a correspondent for the American Friends Service Committee.[6][9] The purpose of going was to provide the first foreign relief to the Volga famine victims. After a year of that, she was named Moscow correspondent for the International News Service.[4][9] Strong drew many observations while in Europe which inspired her to write. Some of her works are The First Time in History (preface by Leon Trotsky) (1924), and Children of Revolution (1925).[4][17][18]
After remaining in the area for several years, Strong grew to become an enthusiastic supporter of socialism in the newly formed Soviet Union, supporting herself as a foreign correspondent for varying "radical American newspapers" and others such as The Nation.[6][19][20] In 1925, during the era of the New Economic Policy in the USSR, she returned to the United States to arouse interest among businessmen in industrial investment and development in the Soviet Union. During this time Strong also lectured widely and became well known as an authority on "soft news" (e.g. How to get an apartment) about the USSR. As she continued to "wave the banner for the needy and downtrodden" wherever there was a revolution there was "Ms. Strong," and she became further convinced that "socialism might be the answer" to problems in the world.[7]
In the late 1920s, Strong travelled in China and other parts of Asia. She became friends with Soong Ching-ling and Zhou Enlai. As always her travels led to books: China's Millions(1928), Red Star in Samarkand (1929). It was during this time that she became friends with "Communist leader Zhou Enlai."[4] She would visit China in 1925, meeting with Feng Yuxiang and Soong Qing-ling and again in 1927, witnessing the failure of KMT-CPCcooperation, leading to her book, " China's Millions" which was published in the United States.[11] There were even invitations sent out to "hear Anna Louise Strong discuss her travels in Russia."[21]
In 1930 she returned to Moscow and helped found Moscow News, the first English-language newspaper in the city.[4][7][9] She was managing editor for a year and then became a featured writer. In 1931 she married fellow socialist and journalist Joel Shubin, and they remained married until his death in 1942.[22] While Shubin often accompanied Strong during her return trips to the United States, the two were often separated due to work commitments. According to Rewi Alley's account, Strong later said: "perhaps we married because we were both so doggone lonely ... but we were very happy."[1]
While living in the Soviet Union she became more enthused with the Soviet government and wrote many books praising it. They include: The Soviets Conquer Wheat (1931), an updated version of China's Millions: The Revolutionary Struggles from 1927 to 1935(1935), the best-selling autobiographical I Change Worlds: the Remaking of an American(1935), This Soviet World (1936), and The Soviet Constitution (1937).[4][9] She also wrote several articles for The American Mercury praising Soviet life.[23]
In 1936 she returned once again to the United States. Quietly and privately distressed with developments in the USSR (The "Great Purges"), she continued to write for leading periodicals, including The Atlantic Monthly, Harper's, The Nation and Asia.[4][9][24]
A visit to Spain resulted in Spain in Arms (1937); visits to China, visiting anti-Japanese "base areas," leading to her book, One Fifth of Mankind (1938).[11] In 1940 she published My Native Land, the same year that she journeyed to China and met Zhou Enlai several times.[11] The following year, she exposed the plot by Chiang Kai-Shek to divide the "united front" against Japan in the 15-page article, "The Kuomintang-communist crisis in China; a first-hand account of one of the most critical periods in Far Eastern history" published in March.[11][25] Other books include The Soviets Expected It (1941); the novel Wild River (1943), set in Russia; Peoples of the U.S.S.R. (1944), I Saw the New Poland(1946) (based on her reporting from Poland as she accompanied the occupying Red Army); and three books on the success of the early Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War.[4] In her book, "The Soviets Expected It," Strong wrote that "the unbroken rise of Stalin's prestige for twenty years both within the Soviet Union and beyond its borders is really worth attention by students of politics."[26]
While in the USSR she travelled throughout the huge nation, including the Ukraine, Kuznetsk, Stalingrad, Kiev, Siberia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, and many more.[4] She also travelled into Poland, Germany, and Britain. While in the Soviet Union, Strong met with Joseph Stalin, Vyacheslav Molotov, and many other Soviet officials.[4] She also interviewed farmers, pedestrians, and factory workers.[27] She wrote articles for newspapers and magazines, along with pamphlets as well, gaining "many friends and to become very popular throughout the world."[7] At the same time, she created "suspicion regarding her political loyalties" among the Soviets and the FBI who gained a large file on Strong herself.[7][3][9] Through all this, she stayed committed to the Soviet political project, defending the USSR from anti-communism, but favoring the Chinese more than the Soviets as time went on, especially after the Soviets expelled her[3][9][28]
In World War II, when the Red Army began its advance against Nazi Germany, Strong stayed in the rear following the soldiers through Warsaw, Łódź and Gdańsk. Her overtly pro-Chinese Communist sympathies, which had been fostered by her visits to China in 1925 and until 1947 in which she interviewed Chinese Communist leaders like Mao Zedong, may have led to her "arrest, imprisonment and expulsion" from the USSR in 1949, reportedly claiming she was an "American spy," a charge which was reportedly repeated years later, in 1953, by a Soviet newspaper, Izvestia.[1][4][8][9][29] After this, she was cut off from the USSR, shunned by Communists in the United States, and denied a passport by the U.S. government, settling in California where she wrote, lectured, and "invested in real estate."[1] In 1955, she was finally cleared of Soviet charges against her, which the CIAthought was a "gesture to the Chinese Communists." By 1958 her passport was restored, after she won a case at the U.S Supreme Court, and she immediately went back to China, where she remained until her death.[1][11][8][9][30][31] She was one of the only Westerners to gain "the admiration of Mao Tse-tung."[6]

Living in China[edit]

Strong with Mao Zedong in 1967
Strong met W. E. B. Du Bois, who visited Communist China during the Great Leap Forwardin the late 1950s, with a photograph of Mao Zedong, Anna Louise Strong, and W. E. B. Du Bois taken on one of Du Bois's trips in circa 1959.[32] Neither Du Bois or Strong ever supported famine-related criticisms of the Great Leap. Strong wrote a book titled When Serfs Stood Up in Tibet based on her experience during this period, which include the Chinese incorporation of Tibet, and criticized individuals such as Allen Dulles, calling him "a man bound by dull words."[11][33] By 1966, Strong had become an "honorary member of the Red Guards" who returned to the Soviet Union from time to time.[3][8][9]
Partly from fear of losing her passport should she return to the USA, she settled permanently in China until her death, publishing a "Letter from China."[3][4] During that time she fostered a close relationship with Zhou Enlai and was on familiar terms with Mao Zedong.[34] It was in an interview with her, in August 1946, that Mao propagated his famous catchphrase of "paper tigers".[35][11][36][37]
Two years after that, she made a keynote speech on China's realities and tried to change the stance of the U.S. government in backing the Chinese nationalists.[11] Strong lived in the old Italian Legation in Beijing which had been converted into flats for the leading "foreign friends". They were allocated on the "bleak basis" of seniority; New Zealand civil servant Gerald Hensley recalled that when he visited Rewi Alley in 1973 Alley was living in the best downstairs front apartment which had been allocated to Strong until she died, at which time Alley moved into it and everyone else moved on one place.[34] Through all of this, she became "disaffected with political systems and people" but did not lose her zeal for justice, continuing to write, with Chinese publishers republishing "much of her writing as a Works set."[7][3] She was not stopped, even by her old age, in her dedication to "Marxist doctrine," especially in China and across the world, writing emotional and colorful accounts which were very popular.[8]
In the later part of her life, Strong was "honored and revered by the Chinese," despite reports in the Toronto Star that the Red Guards were calling her an "imperialist agent," and even remained "in the good graces of the Chinese through the cultural revolution" with Chinese leaders considering her "their unofficial spokesperson to the English speaking world."[1][8][38]
Strong died in a hospital in Beijing (then Peking) on March 29, 1970, pulling out her "intravenous tubes and had refused to eat and take medication." Before her death, she had important visitors like Premier Zhou Enlai who encouraged her to cooperate with the doctors in the hospital because "you have important things to do for us and the rest of the world," Kuo Mo‐jo and other "high government officials.[7][4][8][9] After her death, there was "mourning and memorial throughout China" with Strong buried in Beijing's "Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery."[39][11]

Legacy[edit]

Strong's papers reside at the Libraries Special Collections at the University of Washingtonin Seattle.[4] Within the papers of Eleanor Roosevelt are "reports from Anna Louise Strong during and after her visits to Russia and China" although this does not mean there was any relationship, professionally, between Strong and Eleanor.[40] Strong's grandson, Maurice F., would play an important role in the environmental movement, including in the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).[41]
Selected works[edit]
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