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Also known as religious pluralism—and sometimes perennialism or the perennial philoso- phy—universalism can be defined maximally as the idea that all (and minimally as the idea that many) religions contain at least some measure of truth and lead their practitioners to God-realiza- tion—that is, liberation or salvation ...
Universalism in Hinduism
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Perennial philosophy
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Neo-Vedanta
Main articles: Advaita Vedanta, Neo-Vedanta, Hinduism in the West, and Neo-Advaita
Many perennialist thinkers (including Armstrong, Huston Smith and Joseph Campbell) are influenced by Hindu mystics Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda,[22] who themselves have taken over western notions of universalism.[23] They regarded Hinduism to be a token of this perennial philosophy. This notion has influenced thinkers who have proposed versions of the perennial philosophy in the 20th century.[23]
The unity of all religions was a central impulse among Hindu reformers in the 19th century, who in turn influenced many 20th-century perennial philosophy-type thinkers. Key figures in this reforming movement included two Bengali Brahmins. Ram Mohan Roy, a philosopher and the founder of the modernising Brahmo Samaj religious organisation, reasoned that the divine was beyond description and thus that no religion could claim a monopoly in their understanding of it.
The mystic Ramakrishna's spiritual ecstasies included experiencing the sameness of Christ, Mohammed and his own Hindu deity. Ramakrishna's most famous disciple, Swami Vivekananda, travelled to the United States in the 1890s where he formed the Vedanta Society.
Roy, Ramakrishna and Vivekananda were all influenced by the Hindu school of Advaita Vedanta,[24] which they saw as the exemplification of a Universalist Hindu religiosity.[23]
Traditionalism (perennialism) · Exoteric · Aldous Huxley · Marsilio Ficino
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What is the perennial philosophy of Hinduism?
The Perennial Philosophy is expressed most succinctly in the Sanskrit formula, tat tvam asi ('That thou art'); the Atman, or immanent eternal Self, is one with Brahman, the Absolute Principle of all existence; and the last end of every human being, is to discover the fact for himself, to find out who he really is.
Perennial philosophy - Wikipedia
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What is the perennial philosophy of the Gita?
"The Perennial Psychology of the Bhagavad Gita deals with analyzing and training the internal states of the human being so that one can be active in the external world while maintaining a state of tranquility. The outside world can be mastered only when the inner potentials are systematically explored and organized.
Perennial Psychology of the Bhagavad Gita - Amazon.com
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Universalism in Hinduism
Jeffery D Long
First published: 01 June 2011
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00280.x
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Abstract
One of the distinctive features of Hinduism, especially modern Hinduism, is its emphasis on universalism. Also known as religious pluralism—and sometimes perennialism or the perennial philosophy—universalism can be defined maximally as the idea that all (and minimally as the idea that many) religions contain at least some measure of truth and lead their practitioners to God-realization—that is, liberation or salvation as conceived in Hindu traditions.
Known in contemporary Hindu thought as ‘the harmony of religions’ or ‘the equality of religions’ and prominently associated with the teachings of Ramakrishna and Mahatma Gandhi, universalism is controversial.
This article will explore the following dimensions of this doctrine and the controversies associated with it: Its conceptual and social foundations in ancient Hindu scriptures, philosophies, and practices; the process by which its modern formulations both emerge from and influence liberal Christian thought in dialog with Hinduism; criticisms of this doctrine by both Christians and Hindus; and recent attempts to reformulate this doctrine taking these criticisms and into account.
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