2022/11/20

Dhammapada - Wikipedia 法句経 법구경

Dhammapada - Wikipedia

Dhammapada

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For the specific English-language translations, see Dhammapada (Easwaran translation) and Dhammapada (Radhakrishnan translation).
"Dharmapada" redirects here. For the legend of an architect's daughter and son who completed a Konark temple in one night, see Dharmapada (person).
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Translations of
Burmeseဓမ္မပဒ
Chinese法句經
法句经 (Simplified)
(Pinyin: fǎjù jīng)
Japaneseダンマパダ
(Rōmaji: danmapada)
Khmerធម្មបទ
(UNGEGN: thômmôbât)
Korean법구경/담마 파다
(RR: beobgugyeong/damma pada)
Thaiธรรมบท
VietnameseKinh Pháp Cú
Prakritधम्मपद Dhammapada
Glossary of Buddhism

The Dhammapada (Pāli; Sanskrit: धर्मपद, romanized: Dharmapada) is a collection of sayings of the Buddha in verse form and one of the most widely read and best known Buddhist scriptures.[1] The original version of the Dhammapada is in the Khuddaka Nikaya, a division of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism.

The Buddhist scholar and commentator Buddhaghosa explains that each saying recorded in the collection was made on a different occasion in response to a unique situation that had arisen in the life of the Buddha and his monastic community. His translation of the commentary, the Dhammapada Atthakatha, presents the details of these events and is a rich source of legend for the life and times of the Buddha.[2]

Etymology[edit]

The title "Dhammapada" is a compound term composed of dhamma and pada, each word having a number of denotations and connotations. Generally, dhamma can refer to the Buddha's "doctrine" or an "eternal truth" or "righteousness" or all "phenomena";[3] at its root, pada means "foot" and thus by extension, especially in this context, means either "path" or "verse" (cf. "prosodic foot") or both.[4] English translations of this text's title have used various combinations of these and related words.[5][6]

History[edit]

According to tradition, the Dhammapada's verses were spoken by the Buddha on various occasions.[7] Glenn Wallis states: "By distilling the complex models, theories, rhetorical style and sheer volume of the Buddha's teachings into concise, crystalline verses, the Dhammapada makes the Buddhist way of life available to anyone...In fact, it is possible that the very source of the Dhammapada in the third century B.C.E. is traceable to the need of the early Buddhist communities in India to laicize the ascetic impetus of the Buddha's original words."[8] The text is part of the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Sutta Pitaka, although over half of the verses exist in other parts of the Pali Canon.[9] A 4th or 5th century CE commentary attributed to Buddhaghosa includes 305 stories which give context to the verses.

Although the Pāli edition is the best-known, a number of other versions are known:[10]

Comparing the Pali Dhammapada, the Gandhari Dharmapada and the Udanavarga, Brough (2001) identifies that the texts have in common 330 to 340 verses, 16 chapter headings and an underlying structure. He suggests that the three texts have a "common ancestor" but underlines that there is no evidence that any one of these three texts might have been the "primitive Dharmapada" from which the other two evolved.[19]

The Dhammapada is one of the most popular pieces of Theravada literature.[1] A critical edition of the Dhammapada was produced by Danish scholar Viggo Fausbøll in 1855, becoming the first Pali text to receive this kind of examination by the European academic community.[20]

Organization[edit]

The Pali Dhammapada contains 423 verses in 26 chapters (listed below in Pali and English).[21][22]

Ch.PaliEnglish
1Yamaka-vaggoThe Pairs (see excerpt below)
2Appamāda-vaggoHeedfulness
3Citta-vaggoThe Mind
4Puppha-vaggoFlowers
5Bāla-vaggoFools (excerpt)
6Paṇḍita-vaggoThe Wise
7Arahanta-vaggoThe Arahats
8Sahassa-vaggoThe Thousands
9Pāpa-vaggoWickedness
10Daṇḍa-vaggoThe Stick (excerpt)
11Jarā-vaggoOld Age
12Atta-vaggoThe Self (excerpt)
13Loka-vaggoThe World (excerpt)
14Buddha-vaggoThe Buddha (excerpt)
15Sukha-vaggoHappiness
16Piya-vaggoLove
17Kodha-vaggoAnger
18Mala-vaggoStains
19Dhammaṭṭha-vaggoOne who stands by Dhamma
20Magga-vaggoThe Path (excerpt)
21Pakiṇṇaka-vaggoMiscellaneous
22Niraya-vaggoThe Underworld
23Nāga-vaggoThe Elephant
24Taṇhā-vaggoCraving (excerpt)
25Bhikkhu-vaggoMonastics
26Brāhmaṇa-vaggoBrahmins

Excerpts[edit]

The following Pali verses and corresponding English translations are from Ānandajoti (2017), which also contains explanatory footnotes.

Chapter 1: Pairs (Yamakavaggo)[edit]

1.Mind precedes thoughts, mind is their chief, their quality is made by mind,
if with a base mind one speaks or acts,
through that suffering follows him like a wheel follows the ox's foot.		Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā, manoseṭṭhā manomayā,
manasā ce paduṭṭhena bhāsati vā karoti vā,
tato naṁ dukkham-anveti cakkaṁ va vahato padaṁ.
2.Mind precedes thoughts, mind is their chief, their quality is made by mind,
if with pure mind one speaks or acts,
through that happiness follows him like a shadow which does not depart.		Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā, manoseṭṭhā manomayā,
manasā ce pasannena bhāsati vā karoti vā,
tato naṁ sukham-anveti chāyā va anapāyinī.
5.For not by hatred do hatreds cease at any time in this place,
they only cease with non-hatred, this truth is surely eternal.		Na hi verena verāni sammantīdha kudācanaṁ,
averena ca sammanti, esa dhammo sanantano.

Chapter 5: Fools (Bālavaggo)[edit]

70.From month to month the fool may eat food with the tip of kusa-grass,
but he is not worth a sixteenth part of those who have mastered Dhamma.		Māse māse kusaggena bālo bhuñjetha bhojanaṁ,
na so saṅkhātadhammānaṁ kalaṁ agghati soḷasiṁ.

Chapter 10: The Stick (Daṇḍavaggo)[edit]

131.One who harms with a stick beings who desire happiness,
while seeking happiness for himself, won’t find happiness after death.		Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni yo daṇḍena vihiṁsati,attano sukham-esāno, pecca so na labhate sukhaṁ.
132.One who harms not with a stick beings who desire happiness,
while seeking happiness for himself, will find happiness after death.		Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni yo daṇḍena na hiṁsati,
attano sukham-esāno, pecca so labhate sukhaṁ.
133.Do not say anything harsh, spoken to they might answer back to you,
for arrogant talk entails misery, and they might strike you back with a stick.		Māvoca pharusaṁ kañci, vuttā paṭivadeyyu’ taṁ,
dukkhā hi sārambhakathā, paṭidaṇḍā phuseyyu’ taṁ.

Chapter 12: The Self (Attavaggo)[edit]

157.If one regards oneself as dear one should guard oneself right well,
during one of the three watches of the night the wise one should stay alert.		Attānañ-ce piyaṁ jaññā rakkheyya naṁ surakkhitaṁ,
tiṇṇam-aññataraṁ yāmaṁ paṭijaggeyya paṇḍito.
158.First one should establish oneself in what is suitable,
then one can advise another, the wise one should not have any defilement.		Attānam-eva paṭhamaṁ patirūpe nivesaye,
athaññam-anusāseyya, na kilisseyya paṇḍito.
159.He should do himself as he would advise another to do,
being well-trained, he could surely train another, for it is said the self is difficult to train.		Attānañ-ce tathā kayirā yathaññam-anusāsati,
sudanto vata dametha, attā hi kira duddamo.
160.For the self is the friend of self, for what other friend would there be?

When the self is well-trained, one finds a friend that is hard to find.

Attā hi attano nātho, ko hi nātho paro siyā?Attanā va sudantena nāthaṁ labhati dullabhaṁ.
161.That wickedness done by oneself, born in oneself, arising in oneself,
crushes the one who is stupid, as a diamond crushes a rock-jewel.		Attanā va kataṁ pāpaṁ, attajaṁ attasambhavaṁ,
abhimatthati dummedhaṁ vajiraṁ vasmamayaṁ maṇiṁ.
162.The one who has an exceeding lack of virtue, like a deadly creeper covering a Sal tree,
makes himself the same as his enemy wishes him to be.		Yassa accantadussīlyaṁ, māluvā Sālam-ivotataṁ,
karoti so tathattānaṁ yathā naṁ icchatī diso.
163.Easily done are things not good, and unbeneficial for oneself,
but that which is beneficial and good is supremely hard to do.		Sukarāni asādhūni, attano ahitāni ca,
yaṁ ve hitañ-ca sādhuñ-ca taṁ ve paramadukkaraṁ.
164.Whoever reviles the worthy teaching of the Noble Ones who live by Dhamma,
that stupid one, depending on wicked views,
like the bamboo when it bears fruit, brings about his own destruction.		Yo sāsanaṁ arahataṁ Ari yānaṁ Dhammajīvinaṁ
paṭikkosati dummedho diṭṭhiṁ nissāya pāpikaṁ,
phalāni kaṭṭhakasseva attaghaññāya phallati.
165.By oneself alone is a wicked deed done, by oneself is one defiled,
by oneself is a wicked deed left undone, by oneself is one purified,
purity and impurity come from oneself, for no one can purify another.		Attanā va kataṁ pāpaṁ, attanā saṅkilissati,
attanā akataṁ pāpaṁ, attanā va visujjhati,
suddhī asuddhī paccattaṁ, nāñño aññaṁ visodhaye.
166.One should not neglect one’s own good for another’s, however great;
knowing what is good for oneself one should be intent on that good.		Atta-d-atthaṁ paratthena bahunā pi na hāpaye;
atta-d-attham-abhiññāya sa-d-atthapasuto siyā.

Chapter 13: The World (Lokavaggo)[edit]

167.One should not follow lowly things, one should not abide heedlessly,
one should not follow a wrong view, one should not foster worldliness.		Hīnaṁ dhammaṁ na seveyya, pamādena na saṁvase,
micchādiṭṭhiṁ na seveyya, na siyā lokavaḍḍhano.

Chapter 14: The Buddha (Buddhavaggo)[edit]

183.The non-doing of anything wicked, undertaking of what is good,
the purification of one’s mind - this is the teaching of the Buddhas.		Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṁ, kusalassa upasampadā,
sacittapariyodapanaṁ - etaṁ Buddhāna’ sāsanaṁ.

Chapter 20: The Path (Maggavaggo)[edit]

276.Your duty is to have ardour declare the Realised Ones,
entering this path meditators will be released from the bonds of Māra.		Tumhehi kiccaṁ ātappaṁ akkhātāro Tathāgatā,
paṭipannā pamokkhanti jhāyino Mārabandhanā.
277.All conditions are impermanent, when one sees this with wisdom,
then one grows tired of suffering – this is the path to purity.		Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā ti, yadā paññāya passati,
atha nibbindatī dukkhe – esa maggo visuddhiyā.
278.All conditions are suffering, when one sees this with wisdom,
then one grows tired of suffering – this is the path to purity.		Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā ti, yadā paññāya passati,
atha nibbindatī dukkhe – esa maggo visuddhiyā.
279.All components of mind and body are without self, when one sees this with wisdom,
then one grows tired of suffering – this is the path to purity.		Sabbe dhammā anattā ti, yadā paññāya passati,
atha nibbindatī dukkhe – esa maggo visuddhiyā.

Chapter 24: Craving (Taṇhāvaggo)[edit]

343.People surrounded by craving
crawl round like a hare in a trap,
therefore he should remove craving –
the monk who longs for dispassion for himself.		Tasiṇāya purakkhatā pajā
parisappanti saso va bādhito,
tasmā tasiṇaṁ vinodaye –
bhikkhu ākaṅkha’ virāgam-attano.
350.Whoever has delight in the calming of thoughts,
who always mindfully cultivates what is unattractive,
will surely abolish this craving,
he will cut off the bond of Māra.		Vitakkupasame ca yo rato
asubhaṁ bhāvayatī sadā sato,
esa kho vyantikāhiti,
esacchecchati Mārabandhanaṁ.

English translations[edit]

See also online translations listed in External links below.

  • Daniel Gogerly, printed the first English translation of ‘’Dhammapada’’, comprising verses 1-255 in 1840 in Ceylon.[23]
  • Tr F. Max Müller, in Buddhist Parables, by E. W. Burlinghame, 1869; reprinted in Sacred Books of the East, volume X, Clarendon/Oxford, 1881; reprinted in Buddhism, by Clarence Hamilton; reprinted separately by Watkins, 2006; reprinted 2008 by Red and Black Publishers, St Petersburg, Florida, ISBN 978-1-934941-03-4; the first English translation (a Latin translation by V. Fausböll had appeared in 1855)
  • Tr J. Gray, American Mission Press, Rangoon, 1881
  • Tr J. P. Cooke & O. G. Pettis, Boston (Massachusetts?), 1898
  • Hymns of Faith, tr Albert J. Edmunds, Open Court, Chicago, & Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., London, 1902
  • Tr Norton T. W. Hazeldine, Denver, Colorado, 1902
  • The Buddha's Way of Virtue, tr W. D. C. Wagiswara & K. J. Saunders, John Murray, London, 1912
  • Tr Silacara, Buddhist Society, London, 1915
  • Tr Suriyagoda Sumangala, in Ceylon Antiquary, 1915
  • Tr A. P. Buddhadatta, Colombo Apothecaries, 1920?
  • The Buddha's Path of Virtue, tr F. L. Woodward, Theosophical Publishing House, London & Madras, 1921
  • In Buddhist Legends, tr E. W. Burlinghame, Harvard Oriental Series, 1921, 3 volumes; reprinted by Pali Text Society [3], Bristol; translation of the stories from the commentary, with the Dhammapada verses embedded
  • Tr R. D. Shrikhande and/or P. L. Vaidya (according to different bibliographies; or did one publisher issue two translations in the same year?), Oriental Book Agency, Poona, 1923; includes Pali text
  • "Verses on Dhamma", in Minor Anthologies of the Pali Canon, volume I, tr C. A. F. Rhys Davids, 1931, Pali Text Society, Bristol; verse translation; includes Pali text
  • Tr N. K. Bhag(w?)at, Buddha Society, Bombay, 1931/5; includes Pali text
  • The Way of Truth, tr S. W. Wijayatilake, Madras, 1934
  • Tr Irving Babbitt, Oxford University Press, New York & London, 1936; revision of Max Müller
  • Tr K. Gunaratana, Penang, Malaya, 1937
  • The Path of the Eternal Law, tr Swami Premananda, Self-Realization Fellowship, Washington DC, 1942
  • Tr Dhammajoti, Maha Bodhi Society, Benares, 1944
  • Comp. Jack Austin, Buddhist Society, London, 1945
  • Stories of Buddhist India, tr Piyadassi, 2 volumes, Moratuwa, Ceylon, 1949 & 1953; includes stories from the commentary
  • (see article) Tr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Oxford University Press, London, 1950; includes Pali text
  • Collection of Verses on the Doctrine of the Buddha, comp Bhadragaka, Bangkok, 1952
  • Tr T. Latter, Moulmein, Burma, 1950?
  • Tr W. Somalokatissa, Colombo, 1953
  • Tr Narada, John Murray, London, 1954
  • Tr E. W. Adikaram, Colombo, 1954
  • Tr A. P. Buddhadatta, Colombo, 1954; includes Pali text
  • Tr Siri Sivali, Colombo, 1954
  • Tr ?, Cunningham Press, Alhambra, California, 1955
  • Tr C. Kunhan Raja, Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar/Madras, 1956; includes Pali text
  • Free rendering and interpretation by Wesley La Violette, Los Angeles, 1956
  • Tr Buddharakkhita, Maha Bodhi Society, Bangalore, 1959; 4th edn, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 1996; includes Pali text
  • Tr Suzanne Karpelès, serialized in Advent (Pondicherry, India), 1960–65; reprinted in Questions and Answers, Collected Works of the Mother, 3, Pondicherry, 1977
  • Growing the Bodhi Tree in the Garden of the Heart, tr Khantipalo, Buddhist Association of Thailand, Bangkok, 1966; reprinted as The Path of Truth, Bangkok, 1977
  • Tr P. Lal, New York, 1967/70
  • Tr Juan Mascaró, Penguin Classics, 1973
  • Tr Thomas Byrom, Shambhala, Boston, Massachusetts, & Wildwood House, London, 1976 (ISBN 0-87773-966-8)
  • Tr Ananda Maitreya, serialized in Pali Buddhist Review, 1 & 2, 1976/7; offprinted under the title Law Verses, Colombo, 1978; revised by Rose Kramer (under the Pali title), originally published by Lotsawa Publications in 1988, reprinted by Parallax Press in 1995
  • The Buddha's Words, tr Sathienpong Wannapok, Bangkok, 1979
  • Wisdom of the Buddha, tr Harischandra Kaviratna, Pasadena, 1980; includes Pali text
  • The Eternal Message of Lord Buddha, tr Silananda, Calcutta, 1982; includes Pali text
  • Tr Chhi Med Rig Dzin Lama, Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, Sarnath, India, 1982; tr from the modern Tibetan translation by dGe-'dun Chos-'phel; includes Pali & Tibetan texts
  • Tr & pub Dharma Publishing, Berkeley, California, 1985; tr from the modern Tibetan translation by dGe-'dun Chos-'phel
  • Commentary, with text embedded, tr Department of Pali, University of Rangoon, published by Union Buddha Sasana Council, Rangoon (date uncertain; 1980s)
  • Tr Daw Mya Tin, Burma Pitaka Association, Rangoon, 1986; probably currently published by the Department for the Promotion and Propagation of the Sasana, Rangoon, and/or Sri Satguru, Delhi
  • Path of Righteousness, tr David J. Kalupahana, Universities Press of America, Lanham, Maryland, c. 1986
  • Tr Raghavan Iyer, Santa Barbara, 1986; includes Pali text
  • (see article) Tr Eknath Easwaran, Arkana, London, 1986/7(ISBN 978-1-58638-019-9); reissued with new material Nilgiri Press 2007, Tomales, CA (ISBN 9781586380205)
  • Tr John Ross Carter & Mahinda Palihawadana, Oxford University Press, New York, 1987; the original hardback edition also includes the Pali text and the commentary's explanations of the verses; the paperback reprint in the World's Classics Series omits these
  • Tr U. D. Jayasekera, Colombo, 1992
  • Treasury of Truth, tr Weragoda Sarada, Taipei, 1993
  • Tr Thomas Cleary, Thorsons, London, 1995
  • The Word of the Doctrine, tr K. R. Norman, 1997, Pali Text Society, Bristol; the PTS's preferred translation
  • Tr Anne Bancroft?, Element Books, Shaftesbury, Dorset, & Richport, Massachusetts, 1997
  • The Dhammapada: The Buddha's Path of Wisdom, tr Buddharakkhita, Buddhist Publication Society, 1998. (ISBN 9-55240-131-3)
  • The Way of Truth, tr Sangharakshita, Windhorse Publications, Birmingham, 2001
  • Tr F. Max Müller (see above), revised Jack Maguire, SkyLight Pubns, Woodstock, Vermont, 2002
  • Tr Glenn Wallis, Modern Library, New York, 2004 (ISBN 978-0-8129-7727-1); The Dhammapada: Verses on the Way
  • Tr Gil Fronsdal, Shambhala, Boston, Massachusetts, 2005 (ISBN 1-59030-380-6)
  • Tr Bhikkhu Varado, Inward Path, Malaysia, 2007; Dhammapada in English Verse

Musical settings[edit]

  • Dhammapada - Sacred Teachings of the Buddha. Hariprasad Chaurasia & Rajesh Dubey. 2018 - Freespirit Records

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b See, for instance, Buswell (2003): "rank[s] among the best known Buddhist texts" (p. 11); and, "one of the most popular texts with Buddhist monks and laypersons" (p. 627). Harvey (2007), p. 322, writes: "Its popularity is reflected in the many times it has been translated into Western languages"; Brough (2001), p. xvii, writes: "The collection of Pali ethical verses entitled "Dhammapada" is one of the most widely known of early Buddhist texts."
  2. ^ This commentary is translated into English as Buddhist Legends by E W Burlingame.
  3. ^ See, e.g., Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), pp. 335-39, entry "Dhamma," retrieved 25 November 2008 from "U. Chicago" at [1].
  4. ^ See, e.g., Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 408, entry "Pada," retrieved 25 November 2008 from "U. Chicago" at [2].
  5. ^ See, for instance, C.A.F Rhys David's "Verses on Dhamma," Kalupahana's "The Path of Righteousness," Norman's "The Word of the Doctrine," Woodward's "The Buddha's Path of Virtue," and other titles identified below at "English translations".
  6. ^ See also Fronsdal (2005), pp. xiii-xiv. Fronsdal, p. xiv, further comments: "... If we translate the title based on how the term dhammapada is used in the verses [see Dhp verses 44, 45, 102], it should probably be translated 'Sayings of the Dharma,' 'Verses of the Dharma,' or 'Teachings of the Dharma.' However, if we construe pada as 'path,' as in verse 21 ..., the title could be 'The Path of the Dharma.' Ultimately, as many translators clearly concur, it may be best not to translate the title at all."
  7. ^ Pertinent episodes allegedly involving the historic Buddha are found in the commentary (Buddharakkhita & Bodhi, 1985, p. 4). In addition, a number of the Dhammapada's verses are identical with text from other parts of the Pali tipitaka that are directly attributed to the Buddha in the latter texts. For instance, Dhammapada verses 3, 5, 6, 328-330 can also be found in MN 128 (Ñāṇamoli & Bodhi, 2001, pp. 1009-1010, 1339 n. 1187).
  8. ^ Wallis (2004), p. xi.
  9. ^ Geiger (2004), p. 19, para. 11.2 writes:

    More than half the verses may be found also in other canonical texts. The compiler of the [Dhammapada] however certainly did not depend solely on these canonical texts but also made use of the great mass of pithy sayings which formed a vast floating literature in India.

    In a similar vein, Hinüber (2000), p. 45, para. 90 remarks: "The contents of the [Dhammapada] are mainly gnomic verses, many of which have hardly any relation to Buddhism."
  10. ^ Buddhist Studies Review, 6, 2, 1989, page 153, reprinted in Norman, Collected Papers, volume VI, 1996, Pali Text Society, Bristol, page 156
  11. ^ Brough (2001), pp. 44–45, summarizes his findings and inferences as:
    "... We can with reasonable confidence say that the Gāndhārī text did not belong to the schools responsible for the Pali Dhammapada, the Udānavarga, and the Mahāvastu; and unless we are prepared to dispute the attribution of any of these, this excludes the Sarvāstivādins and the Lokottaravāda-Mahāsānghikas, as well as the Theravādins (and probably, in company with the last, the Mahīśāsakas). Among possible claimants, the Dharmaguptakas and Kāśyapīyas must be considered as eligible, but still other possibilities cannot be ruled out."
  12. ^ Brough (2001). The original manuscript is believed to have been written in the first or second century CE.
  13. ^ See, e.g., Cone (1989).
  14. ^ Journal of the Pali Text Society, volume XXIII, pages 113f
  15. ^ Brough (2001), pp. 38-41, indicates that the Udanavarga is of Sarvastivadin origin.
  16. ^ Hinüber (2000), p. 45, para. 89, notes:
    More than half of [the Dhammapada verses] have parallels in corresponding collections in other Buddhist schools, frequently also in non-Buddhist texts. The interrelation of these different versions has been obscured by constant contamination in the course of the text transmission. This is particularly true in case of one of the Buddhist Sanskrit parallels. The Udānavarga originally was a text corres[p]onding to the Pāli Udāna.... By adding verses from the Dhp [Dhammapada] it was transformed into a Dhp parallel in course of time, which is a rare event in the evolution of Buddhist literature.
  17. ^ Rockhill, William Woodville (trans.): Udānavarga : a collection of verses from the Buddhist canon compiled by Dharmatrāta being the Northern Buddhist version of Dhammapada / transl. from the Tibetan of the Bkah-hgyur, with notes and extracts from the commentary of Pradjnāvarman. London: Trübner 1883 PDF (9.1 MB)
  18. ^ Ānandajoti (2007), "Introduction," "Sahassavagga" and "Bhikkhuvagga."
  19. ^ Brough (2001), pp. 23–30. After considering the hypothesis that these texts might lack a "common ancestor," Brough (2001), p. 27, conjectures:
    On the evidence of the texts themselves it is much more likely that the schools, in some manner or other, had inherited from the period before the schisms which separated them, a definite tradition of a Dharmapada-text which ought to be included in the canon, however fluctuating the contents of this text might have been, and however imprecise the concept even of a 'canon' at such an early period. The differing developments and rearrangements of the inherited material would have proceeded along similar lines to those which, in the Brahmanical schools, produced divergent but related collections of texts in the different Yajur-veda traditions.
    He then continues:
    ... [When] only the common material [is] considered, a comparison of the Pali Dhammapada, the Gandhari text, and the Udanavarga, has produced no evidence whatsoever that any one of these has any superior claim to represent a 'primitive Dharmapada' more faithfully than the others. Since the contrary appears to have been assumed from time to time, it is desirable to say with emphasis that the Pali text is not the primitive Dharmapada. The assumption that it was would make its relationship to the other texts altogether incomprehensible.
  20. ^ v. Hinüber, Oskar (2006). "Dhammapada". In Buswell, Robert E. Jr. (ed.). Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism. USA: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 216–17. ISBN 0-02-865910-4.
  21. ^ English chapter titles based on Ānandajoti (2017).
  22. ^ Brough (2001) orders the chapters of the Gandhari Dharmapada as follows: I. Brāhmaṇa; II. Bhikṣu; III. Tṛṣṇā; IV. Pāpa; V. Arhant; VI. Mārga; VII. Apramāda; VIII. Citta; IX. Bāla; X. Jarā; XI. Sukha; XII. Sthavira; XIII. Yamaka; XIV. Paṇḍita; XV. Bahuśruta; XVI. Prakīrṇaka (?); XVII. Krodha; XVIII. Pruṣpa; XIX. Sahasra; XX. Śīla (?); XXI. Kṛtya (?); XXII. Nāga, or Aśva (?); XXIII. - XVI. [Lost]. [Parenthesized question marks are part of Brough's titles.] Cone (1989) orders the chapters of the Patna Dharmapada as follows: 1. Jama; 2. Apramāda; 3. Brāhmaṇa; 4. Bhikṣu; 5. Attha; 6. Śoka; 7. Kalyāṇī; 8. Puṣpa; 9. Tahna; 10. Mala; 11. Bāla; 12. Daṇḍa; 13. Śaraṇa; 14. Khānti; 15. Āsava; 16. Vācā; 17. Ātta; 18. Dadantī; 19. Citta; 20. Māgga; 21. Sahasra; [22. Uraga].
  23. ^ Trainor, Kevin (1997). Relics, Ritual, and Representation in Buddhism: Rematerializing the Sri Lankan Theravada Tradition - Volume 10 of Cambridge Studies in Religious Traditions. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 9780521582803.

Sources[edit]

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===

法句経

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
パーリ仏典 > 経蔵 (パーリ) > 小部 (パーリ) > 法句経

法句経（ほっくぎょう）、またはダンマパダ（巴: Dhammapada）は、仏典の一つで、仏教の教えを短い詩節の形（アフォリズム）で伝えた、韻文のみからなる経典である。「ダンマパダ」とは、パーリ語で「真理・法（巴: dhamma）の言葉（巴: pada）」という意味であり、伝統的漢訳である「法句」とも意味的に符合する[1]。

漢字の『法句経』という名前は、元々はダンマパダではなく、上座部仏教圏のダンマパダと同一系統の経典の漢訳名だった、近代以降はダンマパダの日本語名として「ダンマパダ」「真理のことば」等と並んで用いられている[2]。

パーリ語仏典の中では最もポピュラーな経典の一つである。スッタニパータとならび現存経典のうち最古の経典といわれている[3]。かなり古いテクストであるが、釈迦の時代からはかなり隔たった後代に編纂されたものと考えられている[4]。

類似のテキストとしては、『ダンマパダ（法句経）』系統と『ウダーナ（自説経）』系統を掛け合わせ、『相応部』有偈篇、『スッタニパータ』『テーラガーター』に見られる若干の詩句を付け加える形で説一切有部によって編集され、北伝仏教に伝えられた、サンスクリットの経典『ウダーナヴァルガ』（Udānavarga）がある[5]。サンスクリット原典が現存している他、漢訳経典『出曜経』（しゅつようぎょう）等や、チベット語訳もある。「ウダーナヴァルガ」の意味は、「ウダーナ（無問自説・感興語）ヴァルガ（集まり）」であり、「自説集」といった程度の意味。

テキスト[編集]

パーリ語版『ダンマパダ』はパーリ語経典の「小部」に第2経として収録されている。26章に分かれており、423の詩節を収録する。漢訳としては

  • 維祇難等訳『法句経』（大正蔵210）
  • 法炬・法立訳『法句譬喩経』（大正蔵211） - 詩句に因縁譬喩譚を加えたもの。

があるが、パーリ語版とは配列や内容にかなりの違いがある[6]。

ガンダーラ語版の断簡の一部分は19世紀末にホータン近辺でデュトルイユ・ド・ランが入手し、別の一部分をロシアのペトロフスキーが入手した[7]。全体の2⁄3にあたる350詩節ほどが残っている[8]。パーリ語本と順序は異なるが、本来はパーリ語本と同様に26章からなっていたらしい[9]。1990年代以降に新たな断簡が発見された[10]。

ほかに、サンスクリットの強い影響を受けたプラークリットで書かれた『Patna Dharmapada』と呼ばれる版がある[11]。また、『マハーヴァストゥ』には『法句経』の「千」と「比丘」の章を引用する[12]。

パーリ語版『ダンマパダ』は、以下の全26章から構成される。

  1. 第1章 - 双（Yamaka-vaggo）
  2. 第2章 - 不放逸（Appamāda-vaggo）
  3. 第3章 - 心（Citta-vaggo）
  4. 第4章 - 花（Puppha-vaggo）
  5. 第5章 - 愚者（Bāla-vaggo）
  6. 第6章 - 賢者（Paṇḍita-vaggo）
  7. 第7章 - 尊者（Arahanta-vaggo）
  8. 第8章 - 千（Sahassa-vaggo）
  9. 第9章 - 悪（Pāpa-vaggo）
  10. 第10章 - 罰（Daṇḍa-vaggo）
  11. 第11章 - 老い（Jarā-vaggo）
  12. 第12章 - 自己（Atta-vaggo）
  13. 第13章 - 世界（Loka-vaggo）
  14. 第14章 - ブッダ（Buddha-vaggo）
  15. 第15章 - 楽（Sukha-vaggo）
  16. 第16章 - 愛（Piya-vaggo）
  17. 第17章 - 怒り（Kodha-vaggo）
  18. 第18章 - 汚れ（Mala-vaggo)）
  19. 第19章 - 法行者（Dhammaṭṭha-vaggo）
  20. 第20章 - 道（Magga-vaggo）
  21. 第21章 - 雑多（Pakiṇṇaka-vaggo）
  22. 第22章 - 地獄（Niraya-vaggo）
  23. 第23章 - 象（Nāga-vaggo）
  24. 第24章 - 渇愛（Taṇhā-vaggo）
  25. 第25章 - 比丘（Bhikkhu-vaggo）
  26. 第26章 - バラモン（Brāhmaṇa-vaggo）

抜粋[編集]

Sri Lanka Tripitaka Projectによる。

第20章 - 道（Magga-vaggo）

Sabbe baṅkhārā aniccā'ti yadā paññāya passati
Atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā.
Sabbe baṅkhārā dukkhā'ti yadā paññāya passati
Atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā.
Sabbe dhammā anattā'ti yadā paññāya passati
Atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā.

「一切の形成されたものは無常である」（諸行無常）と
智慧をもって観るときに、ひとは苦から厭い離れる。これが清浄への道である。
「一切の形成されたものは苦である」（一切皆苦）と
智慧をもって観るときに、ひとは苦から厭い離れる。これが清浄への道である。
「一切の事物は無我である」（諸法非我）と
智慧をもって観るときに、ひとは苦から厭い離れる。これが清浄への道である。

第25章 - 比丘（Bhikkhu-vaggo）

Siñca bhikkhu imaṃ nāvaṃ sittā te lahumessati
Chetvā rāgaṃ dosaṃ ca tato nibbāṇamehisi.

比丘よ、この舟から水を汲み出せ。
汝が水を汲み出せば、軽やかに進むであろう。
貪欲と瞋恚とを断ったならば、汝は涅槃に達するだろう。

日本への伝来[編集]

『ダンマパダ』は漢訳仏典『法句経』として伝来していたが、「小乗のお経」と認識され、ほとんど顧みられることのなかった歴史がある。漢訳の大蔵経では本縁部に収録されている。『ダンマパダ』に日が当たるようになったのは明治期以降であり、ヨーロッパでの仏教研究で『ダンマパダ』が重要文献として扱われていた影響が大きい。

パーリ語からの日本語訳として、友松円諦訳『法句経』が有名である。友松は1933年にラジオで『法句経』講義を行い、たいへんに歓迎された[13]。中村元訳『ブッダの真理のことば・感興のことば』は、「真理のことば」がパーリ語『ダンマパダ』の翻訳、「感興のことば」がサンスクリット『ウダーナヴァルガ』の翻訳である。

ウダーナヴァルガ[編集]

サンスクリット経典である『ウダーナヴァルガ』（Udānavarga）は、説一切有部および根本説一切有部で編纂されたもので、『法句経』と『自説経』等を掛け合わせたもの[14]。これに対応する漢訳は、

  • 竺仏念訳『出曜経』（大正蔵212）
  • 天息災訳『法集要頌経』（大正蔵213）

がある。ほかにチベット語訳および、チベット語訳の注釈書が現存する。

（本偈）

  • 『Ched-du brjod-pa'i tshoms』
    • リンチェン・チョク（Rin-chen mchog）、ヴィディヤーカラプラバ（Vidyākaraprabha）共訳、ペルツェク（Dpal brtsegs）校訂[15]

（注釈書）

  • 『Ched-du-brjod-pa'i tshoms-kyi rnam-par 'grel-pa』
    • プラジュニャーヴァルマン（Shes-rab go-cha）造、ジャナルダナ（Janardhana）、シャーキャ・ロドゥ（Śākya blo-gros）共訳[16]

またクチャ語（トカラ語B）訳の断簡がある[17]。

書誌情報[編集]

日本語訳[編集]

英訳[編集]

英訳はミュラーによるもの（1869年、のち『東方聖典叢書』に収録）や、ロックヒルによるチベット語版『ウダーナヴァルガ』の翻訳（1883年）など、長い歴史がある。インド人による翻訳も少なくない。

  • The Dhammapada:The Path of Perfection. Anonymous;Juan Mascaro (Paperback ed.). Penguin Classics. (May 30, 1973). ISBN 0-14-044284-7
  • Dhammapada:The Sayings of the Buddha. Shambhala Pocket Classics. Thomas Byrom (Paperback ed.). Shambhala. (November 9, 1993). ISBN 0-87773-966-8
  • The Dhammapada:The Sayings of the Buddha. John Ross Carter;Mahinda Palihawadana (Paperback ed.). Oxford University Press. (December 15, 2008). ISBN 978-0-19-955513-0
  • The Dhammapada. Classics of Indian Spirituality. Eknath Easwaran (Paperback ed.). Nilgiri Press. (April 13, 2007). ISBN 978-1-58638-020-5
  • The Dhammapada:A New Translation of the Buddhist Classic with Annotations. Gil Fronsdal (Paperback ed.). Shambhala. (December 5, 2006). ISBN 1-59030-380-6
  • The Dhammapada. Balangoda Ananda Maitreya;Thich Nhat Hanh (Paperback ed.). Parallax Press. (August 1, 1995). ISBN 0-938077-87-2
  • Word of the Doctrine. K.R. Norman. Pali Text Society. (1997). ISBN 0-86013-335-4
  • The Dhammapada:Verses on the Way. Modern Library Classics. Glenn Wallis (Paperback ed.). Modern Library. (January 9, 2007). ISBN 978-0-8129-7727-1

パーリ語本文[編集]

関連文献[編集]

脚注[編集]

[脚注の使い方]
  1. ^ 今枝 2015, p. 3.
  2. ^ 『南伝大蔵経』など。
  3. ^ 岩波仏教辞典第2版 1989, p. 3.
  4. ^ 中村(1978) p.377
  5. ^ 中村(1978) あとがき
  6. ^ 中村(1978) pp.384-385
  7. ^ Brough (1962) p.2
  8. ^ Brough (1962) xiv
  9. ^ Brough (1962) p.13
  10. ^ Timothy Lenz, ed (2003). A New Version of the Gāndhārī Dharmapada and a Collection of Previous-birth Stories: British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragments 16 + 25. Univeristy of Washington Press. ISBN 0295983086
  11. ^ Norman (1997) xx
  12. ^ Norman (1997) xxi
  13. ^ 中村元 『原始仏典I 釈尊の生涯』東京書籍、1987年、34-35頁。
  14. ^ 中村(1978) p.376
  15. ^ No.326 - Digital Database of Buddhist Tripitaka Catalogues
  16. ^ No.4100 - Digital Database of Buddhist Tripitaka Catalogues
  17. ^ 中村(1978) p.388

参考文献[編集]

関連項目[編集]

ウィキクォートに法句経に関する引用句集があります。
ウィキソースに法句経の日本語訳があります。
ウィキソースにダンマパダの英語訳があります。

外部リンク[編集]


===

법구경

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.

불교
Dharma Wheel (2).svg
교의와 용어
인물
역사와 종파
경전
성지
지역별 불교
 한역(漢譯) 《법구경》(法句經)에 대해서는 법구경 문서를 참고하십시오.

팔리 삼장

  율장  
  
                                
경분별건도부수
        
  
  경장 5부  
  
                                            
장부중부상응부
           
  
  
                                                        
증지부소부
              
  
  논장 7론  
  
                                                
법취분별계
인시설		논사쌍론발취론
            
  
     

v • d • e • h

《법구경》(法句經, K.1021, T.0210) 또는 《담마빠다》(धम्मपद)는 서기 원년 전후의 인물인 인도의 다르마트라타(산스크리트어: Dharmatrata, 法救)가 편찬한 불교의 경전으로 석가모니 사후 삼백년 후에 여러 경로를 거쳐 기록된 부처의 말씀을 묶어 만들었다고 한다.[1] 원문은 팔리어로 작성된 《담마빠다(팔리어: Dhammapada)》와 산스크리트어로 작성된 《우다나바르가(산스크리트어: Udanavarga)》로 알려져 있다. 편집의 차이와 수록된 구절 수가 다를 뿐 내용은 비슷하다고 한다. 팔리 삼장(Tipiṭaka)에는 《숫타니파타(Sutta Nipāta)》 등과 함께 경장(숫타 삐따까) 소부(굿다까 니까야)로 분류되어 있다.

담마빠다는 여러 언어로 번역이 많이 되었는데, 한역본(漢譯本)으로는 《법구경》(法句經, K.1021, T.0210)과 《법구비유경》(法句譬喩經, K.1020, T.0211)이 대표적이다.

주요 내용[편집]

《법구경》은 불교의 수행자가 지녀야할 덕목에 대한 경구로 이루어져 있다. 주요 내용은 폭력, 애욕 등을 멀리하고 삼보에 귀의하여 선한 행위로 덕을 쌓고 깨달음을 얻으라는 것이다. 판본에 따라 내용이 조금씩 차이가 있으나 한역(漢譯) 법구경은 서문과 39개의 품(品)으로 이루어져 있다.

구성[편집]

  1. Yamaka-vagga Dhp1~Dhp20
  2. Appamāda-vagga Dhp21~Dhp32
  3. Citta-vagga Dhp33~Dhp43
  4. Puppha-vagga Dhp44~Dhp59
  5. Bāla-vagga Dhp60~Dhp75
  6. Paṇḍita-vagga Dhp76~Dhp89
  7. Arahanta-vagga Dhp90~Dhp99
  8. Sahassa-vagga Dhp100~Dhp115
  9. Pāpa-vagga Dhp116~Dhp128
  10. Daṇḍa-vagga Dhp129~Dhp145
  11. Jarā-vagga Dhp146~Dhp156
  12. Atta-vagga Dhp157~Dhp166
  13. Loka-vagga Dhp167~Dhp178
  14. Buddha-vagga Dhp179~Dhp196
  15. Sukha-vagga Dhp197~Dhp208
  16. Piya-vagga Dhp209~Dhp220
  17. Kodha-vagga Dhp221~Dhp234
  18. Mala-vagga Dhp235~Dhp255
  19. Dhammaṭṭha-vagga Dhp256~Dhp272
  20. Magga-vagga Dhp273~Dhp289
  21. Pakiṇṇaka-vagga Dhp290~Dhp305
  22. Niraya-vagga Dhp306~Dhp319
  23. Nāga-vagga Dhp320~Dhp333
  24. Taṇhā-vagga Dhp334~Dhp359
  25. Bhikkhu-vagga Dhp360~Dhp382
  26. Brāhmaṇa-vagga Dhp383~Dhp423

각 품의 한역 제목과 한국어판 제목[편집]

기호이름한역 제목한국어판 제목
Yamaka-vagga Dhp1~Dhp20쌍서품(雙敍品)
쌍요품(雙要品)		한짝씩(對句)(법정)
대게(對揭)의 장(거해)
쌍의 품(전재성)
쌍을 이룸(김서리)
쌍(일아)
Appamāda-vagga Dhp21~Dhp32방일품(放逸品)정진(不放逸)(법정)
마음 집중의 장(거해)
부지런히 닦음(법정1999)
방일하지 않음의 품(전재성)
방심하지 않음(김서리)
깨어 있음(일아)
Citta-vagga Dhp33~Dhp43심의품(心意品)마음(법정)(김서리)(일아)
마음의 장(거해)
마음의 품(전재성)
Puppha-vagga Dhp44~Dhp59화향품(華香品)꽃(법정)(김서리)(일아)
꽃의 장(거해)
꽃의 품(전재성)
Bāla-vagga Dhp60~Dhp75우암품(愚闇品)어리석은 사람(법정)(일아)
어리석은 자의 장(거해)
어리석은 자의 품(전재성)
어리석은 자(김서리)
Paṇḍita-vagga Dhp76~Dhp89현철품(賢哲品)
명철품(明哲品)		어진 사람(법정)
지혜로운 사람의 장(거해)
지혜로운 사람(법정1999)(일아)
현명한 님의 품(전재성)
지혜로운 이(김서리)
Arahanta-vagga Dhp90~Dhp99아라한품(阿羅漢品)
나한품(羅漢品)		성자(阿羅漢)(법정)
아라하뜨의 장(거해)
깨달은 사람(법정1999)
거룩한 님의 품(전재성)
아라한(김서리)(일아)
Sahassa-vagga Dhp100~Dhp115술천품(述千品)일천(千)(법정)
천(千)의 장(거해)
천 가지의 장(법정1999)
천(千)의 품(전재성)
천(千)(김서리)
일 천(일아)
Pāpa-vagga Dhp116~Dhp128악행품(惡行品)악(법정)(김서리)(일아)
악(惡)의 장(거해)
악행(법정1999)
악의 품(전재성)
Daṇḍa-vagga Dhp129~Dhp145도장품(刀杖品)폭력(법정)(김서리)(일아)
벌(罰)의 장(거해)
폭력의 품(전재성)
Jarā-vagga Dhp146~Dhp156노모품(老芼品)늙음(법정)(김서리)(일아)
늙음의 장(거해)
늙음의 품(전재성)
Atta-vagga Dhp157~Dhp166기신품(己身品)
애신품(愛身品)		자기(법정)(김서리)(일아)
자기(自己)의 장(거해)
자기 자신(법정1999)
자기의 품(전재성)
Loka-vagga Dhp167~Dhp178세속품(世俗品)세속(법정)
세상의 장(거해)
이 세상(법정1999)
세상의 품(전재성)
세상(김서리)(일아)
Buddha-vagga Dhp179~Dhp196불타품(佛陀品)
술불품(述佛品)		부처(법정)
붓다의 장(거해)
깨달은 님의 품(전재성)
깨달은 이(김서리)
붓다(일아)
Sukha-vagga Dhp197~Dhp208안락품(安樂品)
안녕품(安寧品)		안락(법정)
행복의 장(거해)
진정한 행복(법정1999)
안락의 품(전재성)
행복(김서리)(일아)
Piya-vagga Dhp209~Dhp220애호품(愛好品)
호희품(好喜品)		사랑하는 것(법정)(김서리)
쾌락의 장(거해)
사랑하는 자의 품(전재성)
애정(일아)
Kodha-vagga Dhp221~Dhp234분노품(忿怒品)성냄(법정)(일아)
분노의 장(거해)
분노의 품(전재성)
화(김서리)
Mala-vagga Dhp235~Dhp255진구품(塵垢品)더러움(법정)(김서리)(일아)
때(垢)의 장(거해)
티끌의 품(전재성)
Dhammaṭṭha-vagga Dhp256~Dhp272주법품(住法品)
봉지품(奉持品)		도를 실천하는 사람(법정)
올바름의 장(거해)
진리에 서있는 님의 품(전재성)
진리에 입각한 이(김서리)
진리에 서 있는 사람(일아)
Magga-vagga Dhp273~Dhp289도행품(道行品)길(법정)(김서리)(일아)
길의 장(거해)
길의 품(전재성)
진리의 길(법정1999)
Pakiṇṇaka-vagga Dhp290~Dhp305광연품(廣衍品)여러 가지(법정)
여러 가지의 장(거해)
다양한 것의 품(전재성)
여러 가지(법정1999)(김서리)(일아)
Niraya-vagga Dhp306~Dhp319지옥품(地獄品)지옥(법정)(김서리)(일아)
지옥의 장(거해)
지옥의 품(전재성)
Nāga-vagga Dhp320~Dhp333상유품(象喩品)코끼리(법정)(김서리)(일아)
코끼리의 장(거해)
코끼리의 품(전재성)
Taṇhā-vagga Dhp334~Dhp359애욕품(愛欲品)애착(법정)
애욕의 장(거해)
갈애의 품(전재성)
갈애(김서리)(일아)
집착(법정1999)
Bhikkhu-vagga Dhp360~Dhp382비구품(比丘品)
사문품(沙門品)		수행승(법정)(김서리)
빅쿠의 장(거해)
수행승의 품(전재성)
비구(일아)
Brāhmaṇa-vagga Dhp383~Dhp423바라문품(婆羅門品)
범지품(梵志品)		바라문(법정)
브라흐마나의 장(거해)
바라문의 품(전재성)
브라흐만(김서리)
브라흐마나(일아)
존귀한 님의 품(전재성2014)

(법정=진리의 말씀, 1984. 거해=법구경, 1992. 전재성=법구경-담마파다, 법정1999=진리의 말씀, 1999. 2008. 김서리=담마빠다, 2013. 일아=담마빠다, 2014. 전재성2014=법구경-진리의 말씀, 2014.)

원본과 번역본[편집]

원본[편집]

한역본[편집]

삼국시대의 오나라(吳)사람인 유기난(維祇難)을 비롯한 여러 사람들이 공동 작업으로 《법구경》을 한문으로 옮겼다고 한다. 한역되면서 'Dhamma'는 법(法)으로 'Pada'는 구(句)로 번역 되었다. 고려시대 팔만대장경에 한역본이 수록되었다.

완역[편집]

  • 무념, 응진 옮김, 《법구경 이야기: 법구경 주석서(Dhammapada Aṭṭhakathā)》(경주: 옛길), 제1권~제3권, 2008.
  • 金達鎭 편역, 《法句經》(서울: 玄岩社), 1962.
  • 전재성 역주, 《법구경-진리의 말씀》(서울: 한국빠알리성전협회), 2014.
  • 일아 옮김, 《(빠알리어 직역)담마빠다: DHAMMAPADA(법구경)》(서울 : 불광출판사), 2014.
  • 김서리 역주, 《담마빠다: 빠알리어 문법과 함께 읽는 법구경》(서울: 소명출판), 2013.
  • 전재성 역주, 〈법구경〉, 《(빠알리대장경 쿳다까니까야)법구경-담마파다(Dhammapada): 진리의 말씀》(서울: 한국빠알리성전협회), 2008, 75~224쪽. 재판, 2012.
  • 거해 편역, 《법구경》(서울: 고려원), 제1권~제2권, 1992. 《법구경》(서울: 샘이깊은물), 제1권~제2권, 2003.
  • 法頂 옮김, 《진리의 말씀: 法句經》(승주: 불일출판사), 1984.

완역(중역)[편집]

  • 난다라타나, 위말라키티 옮김, 《(팔리어 직역)법구경(DHAMMAPADA)》(서울: 佛사리탑), 2008. — 팔한영대역
  • 서무선 옮김, 《법구경(Dhamma pada)》(가평: 불교통신교육원), 2003. — 영한대역
  • 천강 편역, 《(法句經)참 진리의 말씀(The Dhammapada)》(울산: 대진출판사), 1993.
  • 조현숙 옮김, 《법구경: 붇다의 말씀(Dhammapada)》(서울: 서광사), 1992.
  • 라드하크리슈난 지음, 徐景洙 옮김, 《法句經: 히말라야의 知慧》(서울: 弘法院), 1966. — 영중한대역

영어[편집]

막스 뮐러에 의해 1869년 처음 번역된 것을 시작으로 긴 역사가 있다.

발췌역[편집]

각주[편집]

  1. ↑ <<법구경>>, 법구, 한명숙 옮김, 홍익출판사, 1999, 12~13p




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