2020/05/27

Philosophy In The Flesh: The Embodied Mind And Its Challenge To Western Thought / Cheap-Library.com

Philosophy In The Flesh: The Embodied Mind And Its Challenge To Western Thought / Cheap-Library.com




Philosophy In The Flesh: The Embodied Mind And Its Challenge To Western Thought
George Lakoff


What are human beings like? How is knowledge possible? What is truth? Where do moral values come from? Questions like these have stood at the center of Western philosophy for centuries. In addressing them, philosophers have made certain fundamental assumptions—that we can know our own minds by introspection, that most of our thinking about the world is literal, and that reason is disembodied and universal—that are now called into question by well-established results of cognitive science. It has been shown empirically that:Most thought is unconscious. We have no direct conscious access to the mechanisms of thought and language. Our ideas go by too quickly and at too deep a level for us to observe them in any simple way.Abstract concepts are mostly metaphorical. Much of the subject matter of philosopy, such as the nature of time, morality, causation, the mind, and the self, relies heavily on basic metaphors derived from bodily experience. What is literal in our reasoning about such concepts is minimal and conceptually impoverished. All the richness comes from metaphor. For instance, we have two mutually incompatible metaphors for time, both of which represent it as movement through space: in one it is a flow past us and in the other a spatial dimension we move along.Mind is embodied. Thought requires a body—not in the trivial sense that you need a physical brain to think with, but in the profound sense that the very structure of our thoughts comes from the nature of the body. Nearly all of our unconscious metaphors are based on common bodily experiences.Most of the central themes of the Western philosophical tradition are called into question by these findings. The Cartesian person, with a mind wholly separate from the body, does not exist. The Kantian person, capable of moral action according to the dictates of a universal reason, does not exist. The phenomenological person, capable of knowing his or her mind entirely through introspection alone, does not exist. The utilitarian person, the Chomskian person, the poststructuralist person, the computational person, and the person defined by analytic philosopy all do not exist.Then what does?Lakoff and Johnson show that a philosopy responsible to the science of mind offers radically new and detailed understandings of what a person is. After first describing the philosophical stance that must follow from taking cognitive science seriously, they re-examine the basic concepts of the mind, time, causation, morality, and the self: then they rethink a host of philosophical traditions, from the classical Greeks through Kantian morality through modern analytic philosopy. They reveal the metaphorical structure underlying each mode of thought and show how the metaphysics of each theory flows from its metaphors. Finally, they take on two major issues of twentieth-century philosopy: how we conceive rationality, and how we conceive language.Philosopy in the Flesh reveals a radically new understanding of what it means to be human and calls for a thorough rethinking of the Western philosophical tradition. This is philosopy as it has never been seen before.
$7.72 (USD)
Publisher: Basic Books
Release date: 1999
Format: PDF
Size: 7.39 MB
Language: English
Pages: 640

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$4.43 (USD)



Publisher: Basic Books
Release date: 1999
Format: EPUB
Size: 3.39 MB
Language: English
Pages: 550


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Philosophy in the Flesh: the Embodied Mind & its Challenge to Western Thought Paperback – October 8, 1999

by George Lakoff  (Author), Mark Johnson (Author)

4.1 out of 5 stars    70 ratings

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Editorial Reviews

About the Author

George Lakoff is professor of linguistics at the University of California at Berkeley, and the coauthor, with Mark Johnson, of Metaphors We Live By. He was one of the founders of the generative semantics movements in linguistics in the 1960s, a founder of the field of cognitive linguistics in the 1970s, and one of the developers of the neural theory of language in the 1980s and '90s. His other books include More Than Cool Reason (with Mark Turner), Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things, and Moral Politics.Mark Johnson is professor and head of the Philosophy Department at the University of Oregon and is on the executive committee of the Institute of Cognitive and Decision Sciences there. In addition to his books with George Lakoff, he is the editor of an anthology, Philosophical Perspectives on Metaphor.

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Paperback: 640 pages

Publisher: Basic Books (October 8, 1999)



George Lakoff

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Biography

George Lakoff is Richard and Rhoda Goldman Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Science and Linguistics at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1972. He previously taught at Harvard and the University of Michigan. He graduated from MIT in 1962 (in Mathematics and Literature) and received his PhD in Linguistics from Indiana University in 1966. He is the author of the New York Times bestseller Don't Think of an Elephant!, among other works, and is America’s leading expert on the framing of political ideas.


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4.1 out of 5 stars
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lakoff and johnson philosophy in the flesh cognitive science metaphors we live western philosophy abstract thinking western thought empirically responsible findings of cognitive makes no sense strict father must read mark johnson anyone who is interested largely metaphorical evolutionary psychology george lakoff way we think abstract concepts concepts are largely
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Top Reviews

Aquagem

5.0 out of 5 stars 
Noted philosopher and linguist team makes strong case for fundamental rewrite of Western philosophy.

Reviewed in the United States on September 27, 2013

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This heavy book's theme is essentially this: Based on what we have learned about ourselves over the several centuries from the advances in science, we can now state decisively that most of our philosophical speculations of the last 2000+ years are wrong and need to be opened up, updated, and rewritten. The pace of expansion of our modern knowledge base has left our scholarly and popular consciousness far behind, and we need a fairly radical reorientation of our world view to incorporate new findings into what Lakoff and Johnson dub "empirically responsible philosophy." Anything less than a complete rewrite will leave a detritus of old and long disproven thought to clog the path ahead. Of course, a revolutionary revision like as they suggest would be bound to create massive dislocations of its own, with results that would be inestimable in any terms. The title of the book, Philosophy in the Flesh, places Exhibit A in the trial of our legacy worldview right on the cover. Our traditional philosophy removes the mind from the body, while all current research shows it to be firmly ensconced in the brain. We are in the position of Galileo in the 17th century, who was accused of murdering the angels who had to push the planets around in their orbits to accommodate Aristotelian physical concepts. The Scientific Revolution changed everything, but much of our modern mind still clings to older views now known to be false, including a good deal of the model the Scientific Revolution posed as an alternative to even older ideas. This is a good book for anyone interested in gauging the disconnect between ancient, ancient-modern, and modern views of nature, mind, and self. Whether you agree or disagree with their claims, these authors have posed a challenge that must be met with something other than the denialism so prominent in many areas of science, history, and philosophy.

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Amazon Customer

5.0 out of 5 stars I read this book many years ago - it totally ...

Reviewed in the United States on July 25, 2018

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I read this book many years ago - it totally transformed my LIVING - I re-read it often. This purchase was one of several in the past as a gift to young people who demonstrate an interest in 'knowing thyself' as the foundation for living creatively.

4 people found this helpful

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Patrick D. Goonan

4.0 out of 5 stars 
Great attempt in trying to tackle a monumental task

Reviewed in the United States on September 23, 2006

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I read the editors reviews above and the top customer reviews for this text. I don't feel I need to cover the same ground and I'm not going to. However, I have some personal thoughts that may be useful to add.



In my opinion, Philosophy in the Flesh is a monumental undertaking because it is an attempt to topple an existing paradigm marked by many unexamined assumptions about the nature of the mind, consciousness and the mind-body relationship. This is a very tall order and while the book has some shortcomings, it successfully makes a dent in this direction.



I agree with one reviewer's comments about not including and integrating work from researchers on the relationship between consciousness, the body and emotions such as Damasio. To get this background on your own, I would consider reading "The Feeling of What Happens" and other research in the field. I also agree with this same reviewer's comment about neglecting an evolutionary perspective and to get this I would start by reading David Buss. Understanding our cognitive biases is important and many of these do come from evolutionary psychology. For dramatic examples of these, you might try reading THE EVOLUTION OF DESIRE on sexual mating strategies or JEALOUSY by David Buss. There are also other many good books in this general genre and David Buss has written more than a few of them.



With respect to PHILOSOPHY IN THE FLESH itself, I found the first 136 pages most useful. This justifies the cost of the book because it lays out the author's basic theories, the disconnects between what we know about the mind and what is assumed to be true because of an enduring, but outdated concept of the mind-body relationship. In other words, the first 136 pages are like a nitty-gritty short book on the "must know" concepts.



The remainder of the book goes more deeply into specific examples of how the mind is embodied, the role of unconscious condition as the "hidden hand" that influences our actions, etc. It basically amounts to a defense of the first 136 pages, which in itself is convincing and compelling.



This book has implications for anyone who is interested in the mind-body relation and the body's role in cognition. Not everyone will want to read all of it, but I found that picking it up periodically and diving deeper into specific areas useful. It's not a bedtime story, so plowing through all 600 pages over a week or two might be a bit too much for someone who isn't a specialist in this area.



Lakoff has also written some interesting things on metaphor in dreams. If you have an interest in dreams, this book might be thought provoking and if so, you might also be interested in some of Lakoff's articles on interpreting dreams. If you want a nice introduction to dream interpretation that has a good article by Lakoff, consider DREAMS edited by Kelly Bulkeley. (Kelly also has a lot of other excellent books on dreaming and is quite a scholar in that area.)



I liked this book and I think it made a good dent in bringing down an outdated paradigm. I think anyone who is a cognitive therapist should read this and consider the implications. This would also be a good book for people who are more somatically-oriented therapists or who have a strong interest in mind-body medicine. I think Feldenkrais practioners and Rosen Bodyworks people would also benefit greatly from understanding this material.



Lastly, if you like this book, you might also like AWARENESS THROUGH MOVEMENT (Feldenkrais), the EMBODIED MIND (Varela), THE ANATOMY OF CHANGE and The Body (Yuasa Yasuo). Some of these books are less mainstream than others, but they are ALL thought provoking in different ways.

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nicholas hargreaves

4.0 out of 5 stars 
Cognitive Science Meets Philosophy

Reviewed in the United Kingdom on April 17, 2013

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This hefty volume employs the empirical findings of second generation cognitive science to challenge the Western philosophical belief in a rational disembodied mind. The primary method of critical examination utilizes the theories of "unconscious embodied conceptual metaphor" and its origins in sensorimotor experience, to explain how philosophers (old and new) have arrived at their conclusions using a metaphoric logic they mistakenly thought was literal.

As you'd expect in a book written by career academics interested in maintaining credibility, it can be hard going at times, and it is certainly not a light read .I found the prolific re-reading of passages was necessary as the unfamiliar terms used, and the theories that where being propounded eroded my concentration somewhat. Also critical points and theories are repeated in different forms, again and again, which although convenient, gives the feeling that 50% of the book is recycled from itself and that the authors have employed a physical metaphorical trick of their own, "that large volumes carry more weight".On the whole though, if you have the time it is well worth the effort,, as it brings philosophy and modern thought in general up-to-date within the context of discoveries in neuroscience, and it makes it possible to understand the grounding and limits of conceptual reasoning and the errors that ensue when the old philosophies are taken as literal truths.

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MoQingbird

5.0 out of 5 stars Enlightening

Reviewed in the United Kingdom on February 16, 2011

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This book is everything the Amazon review says it is, and more.



I've read a lot of philosophical texts and have always struggled with their abstractness, their distance from the real world. What has Leibnitz's monad or Searle's status function have to do with real life? Not a lot as far as I can see.



Lakoff and Johnson's book takes the real world and real people's cognitive functioning as the basis for approaching philosophy and metaphor as the primary mechanism of thought. This gives it a solid grounding in reality, and hence its thesis can be ported back into real life to real effect.



A critical point to consider if the blurb for the book interests you - the text is readable!



L & J avoid the jargon saturated style of many philosophers in favor of simple, readable, plain English, and there are copious examples through out that put their theory in a real world context, so you won't find yourself having to map abstract concepts back to reality. If only all philosophical authors could write as clearly!

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몸의 철학   

M. 존슨,조지 레이코프 (지은이),임지룡,노양진 (옮긴이)박이정2002-05-20원제 : Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought (1999년)



45,000원

판매가

기본정보

890쪽152*223mm (A5신)1246gISBN : 9788978785488



제1부 신체화된 마음은 서구의 철학적 전통에

어떻게 도전하는가?

1. 서론 : 우리는 누구인가? ...25

2. 인지적 무의식 ...35

3. 신체화된 마음 ...45

4. 일차적 은유와 주관적 경험 ...85

5. 복합적 은유의 분석 ...105

6. 신체화된 실재론 : 인지과학 대 선험철학 ...125

7. 실재론과 진리 ...151

8. 은유와 진리 ...183



제2부 기본적인 철학적 개념들의 인지과학 사건,

인과관계, 시간, 자아, 마음, 도덕성

9. 철학적 개념들의 인지과학 ...201

10. 시간 ...207

11. 사건과 원인 ...253

12. 마음 ...347

13. 자아 ...391

14. 도덕성 ...427



제3부 철학의 인지과학

15. 철학의 인지과학 ...497

16. 소크라테스 이전 철학자들

: 초기 그리스 형이상학의 인지과학 ...509

17. 플라톤 ...535

18. 아리스토텔레스 ...547

19. 데카르트와 계몽의 정신 ...573

20. 칸트적 도덕성 ...605

21. 분석철학 ...641

22. 촘스키 철학과 인지언어학 ...681

23. 합리적 행위 이론 ...743

24. 철학 이론들은 이떻게 작용하는가? ...779



제4부 신체화된 철학

25. 몸의 철학 ...795



*부록 - 언어신경이론 패러다임 ...819



접기

저자 및 역자소개

M. 존슨 (지은이) 

저자파일



최고의 작품 투표



신간알림 신청

<몸의 철학>

최근작 : <삶으로서의 은유>,<몸의 철학>,<마음 속의 몸> … 총 4종 (모두보기)

조지 레이코프 (George Lakoff) (지은이) 

저자파일



최고의 작품 투표



신간알림 신청



미국 캘리포니아 버클리대학 언어학과와 인지과학과의 골드만 석좌교수. 국제인지언어학회의 초대 회장을 지냈고 인지언어학의 창시자 중 한 사람이다. 정치 프레임 구성 분야의 미국 최고 전문가로서 라디오와 TV에 출연하고 대중 강연을 하는 동시에 미국의 사회적 쟁점을 둘러싼 진보와 보수의 프레임 전쟁에서 진보가 취해야 할 방법과 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하고 있다. 《뉴욕타임스》 선정 베스트셀러인 《코끼리는 생각하지 마》를 비롯하여 《삶으로서의 은유》, 《몸의 철학》, 《프레임 전쟁》, 《자유는 누구의 것인가》, 《폴리티컬 마인드》, 《이기는 프레임》 등의 책을 저술했다.

접기

최근작 : <나는 진보인데 왜 보수의 말에 끌리는가?>,<이기는 프레임>,<코끼리는 생각하지 마> … 총 68종 (모두보기)

임지룡 (옮긴이) 

저자파일



최고의 작품 투표



신간알림 신청

경북대학교 사범대학 국어교육과 교수

맨체스터대학 언어학과 객원교수 역임

담화인지언어학회, 한국어 의미학회, 한국어문학회, 국어교육학회, 우리말 교육현장학회 회장 역임



저서

『국어 대립어의 의미 상관체계』(1989), 『국어 의미론』(1992), 『말하는 몸: 감정 표현의 인지언어학적 탐색』(2006), 『의미의 인지언어학적 탐색』(2009), 『한국어 의미 특성의 인지언어학적 연구』(2017), 『<개정판> 인지의미론』(2018) 외 다수



공역서

『어휘의미론』(1989), 『언어의 의미』(2002), 『인지언어학 기초』(2008), 『의미 관계와 어휘사전』(2008), 『인지문법론』(2009), 『의미론의 이해』(2010), 『인지언어학 개론』(2010), 『언어·마음·문화의 인지언어학적 탐색』(2011), 『어휘의미론의 연구 방법』(2013), 『의미론의 길잡이』(2013), 『비유 언어』(2015), 『의미론』(2017), 『인지언어학 핸드북』(2018) 외 다수 접기

최근작 : <학교 문법과 문법 교육>,<한국어 의미 탐구의 현황과 과제>,<인지언어학 탐구의 현황과 과제> … 총 38종 (모두보기)

노양진 (옮긴이) 

저자파일



최고의 작품 투표



신간알림 신청

전남대학교 철학과와 동 대학원을 졸업하고 미국 서던일리노이대학교(Southern Illinois University at Carbondale)에서 철학박사 학위를 받았다. 현재 전남대학교 철학과 교수다. 주로 언어철학과 윤리학, 철학방법론에 관련된 연구를 하고 있다. 저서로 『상대주의의 두 얼굴』(2007), 『몸ㆍ언어ㆍ철학』(2009), 『몸이 철학을 말하다』(2013), 『나쁜 것의 윤리학』(2015)이 있으며, 역서로 『마음 속의 몸』(2000), 『몸의 철학』(2002, 공역), 『삶으로서의 은유』(2007, 공역), 『도덕적 상상력』(2008), 『사실과 가치의 이분법을 넘어서』(2010)가 있다. 접기

최근작 : <철학적 사유의 갈래>,<몸과 인지>,<나쁜 것의 윤리학> … 총 13종 (모두보기)







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출판사 제공 책소개



<몸의 철학>은 4부 25장 및 부록에 걸쳐 최근의 인지과학적 탐구의 성과를 포괄적으로 종합하고, 그것을 철학적 주제들에 관한 논의로 확장시키고 있는 새롭고 방대한 책이다. 이 책의 저자인 레이코프와 존슨(G. Lakoff and M. Johnson)은 1980년대 이후 지속적인 공동 작업의 성과를 한데 집약시키고 있는데, 폭넓은 일반 독자들을 감안한 쉽고 평이한 글쓰기를 시도하고 있지만, 이 책이 담고 있는 주장들은 결코 익숙한 것도 가벼운 것도 아니다. 적어도 이들의 분석을 옳은 것으로 받아들인다면 서양철학을 주도해 왔던 주요 개념들과 이론들은 대부분 전면적으로 수정되거나 폐기되어야 하기 때문이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 발간과 함께 단시간 내에 세계적으로 수많은 독자들의 관심을 불러일으킨 것은 이들이 주로 제시하고 있는 풍부한 경험과학적 증거들의 설득력 때문일 것이다.



이 책의 특징은 우선 이 책이 다루고 있는 주제들의 방대함에 있다. 레이코프와 존슨은 우선 1950년대 후반에 처음 출발했던 인지과학적 탐구를 제1세대 인지과학과 제2세대 인지과학의 두 갈래로 구분하고, 1970년대에 들어 시작된 제2세대 인지과학적 탐구가 제시하는 중심적 주제들을 다음의 세 가지로 요약한다

.

① 인간의 인지는 대부분 무의식적(unconscious)이다.

② 정신은 본성적으로 신체화(embodied)되어 있다.

③ 우리의 사고의 대부분은 은유적(metaphorical)이다.



이러한 새로운 발견은 서구의 지성사를 통해 제시되어 왔던 철학적 개념들과 이론들의 본성에 대한 전적으로 새로운 해명의 길을 열어 준다. {몸의 철학}은 바로 이러한 새로운 해명의 집약적 표현이다.



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스포일러 포함 글 작성 유의사항 

구매자 (2)

전체 (3)

공감순 

     

이 책, 잠깐 품절이었다가 새로 나왔네요. 근데 가격이 많이 높아졌군요  구매

HERM 2011-11-21 공감 (8) 댓글 (0)

Thanks to



공감

     

2020년 현재에도 유의미한 책이다. 다만 파트별로 역자들이 다르다는 느낌이 든다. 챕터에 따라 독해에 난이도 차이가 있다. 그리고 원제가 ‘Philosophy In The Flesh‘이다. 번역본의 제목이나 부제만 읽어보면 도통 무슨 내용인 지 짐작이 어렵다.  구매

독서중 2020-02-29 공감 (3) 댓글 (0)

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마음은 몸이다. 



이 책은 마음과 정신을 신체와 분리해서 생각하는 서구사상의 한계를 지적한다. 서구의 사상만이 아니라 종교 역시 그와 같이 보는 바가 있는 것 같다. 불교에서는 해탈에 이른 성인을 아라한이라고 일컫는데 모든 생사고락의 현세적인 것들 너머의 초월적인 그 무엇을 상정한다. 거기에 도달하려면 몸과 몸의 한계를 넘어서야 하기에 수행하고 또 수행한다.





반면 <몸의 철학>은 마음은 본유적으로 신체화 되어 있다고 파악한다. 마음은 몸이고 생각은 신체의 기능이며 신체가 작동한 결과이다. 그 생각을 우리는 은유화 된 언어를 통해 해낸다. 언어가 없이 생각은 불가능하다.





그러므로 사고는 대부분 무의식적인 것이다.







우리가 하는 행동 역시 아무리 의도적인 것을 상정하더라도 무의식과 연결되어 있기에 같은 실수를 반복하고 옆에서 아무리 뭐라고 토를 달아도 자신이 가고자 하는 길을 따로 염두에 둔 것 같은 경향을 보인다. 이를테면 인생에 대한 설계, 기획 역시 무의식적인 선택의 결과일 수가 있다. 이성과 합리 역시 무의식적이라는 것이며 이는 별개로 존재하는(초월적인) 정신의 영역이라기보다는 몸에서 비롯되는 것이다. 이성과 합리는 원래 냉정한 것이 아니며 감정적인 활동의 결과물이다.



이 대목은 확실히 오늘날의 우리에게 시사하는 바가 있다.







인간으로서 우리는 어떤 형태의 순수하게 객관적이거나 초월적인 이성에 접근할 수 있는 특별한 통로가 없다.







종교는 있다고 본다. 기독교가 죽고 불교가 무력해지더라도 인간이성이라는 새로운 종교가 미래사회의 새로운 종교로 등극할 수 있다.







이 책의 가장 큰 장점은 우리의 마음이나 추상적인 개념들을 저 위 초월적인 어딘가와 연결시키는 것이 아니라 인간의 사고 패턴인 은유로 설명한다는 점이다. 시간도 마음도 자아도 도덕성도 그러한 사고 패턴에서 유래한 것으로 본다.







우리는 인지적 무의식의 작용에 직접적으로 접근할 수 없으며, 따라서 우리 사고의 대부분에 직접 의식적으로 접근하지 못한다.







<코르푸스>라는 책에는 몸에 관한 한 나는 나에 관해 영원히 모를 것이라는 말이 나온다. 내가 지각하는 것은 내 몸에서 일어나는 일이되 나는 그것을 인식할 수도 있고 그렇지 못할 수도 있다.







처음으로 다초점 렌즈를 사용했을 때를 생각해 보면 참고가 된다. 평소에는 느끼지 못했던 모든 것들이 렌즈를 통해 지각으로 전달되는 그 순간의 충격을.







내가 나에 관해서도 잘 모르는데 타인에 관해서야 더 말할 것이 없겠다. 하지만 우리는 어떤가. 끝없이 남의 말과 행동에 관해 비평하고 분노하고 단정 짓는다. 이 책을 잘 읽으면 자신의 잘못된 이러한 습관에 제동을 걸 수 있다. 제동이 잘 안 걸리더라도 실망할 일은 아니다. 최소한 다시 생각해 보려고 할 것이다. 생각하고 또 생각하고 더 생각해야 한다는 것을 알게 된다.



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눈과마음 2019-02-06 공감(2) 댓글(0)

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