2020/09/29

内功 - Wikipedia

内功 - Wikipedia



内功

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』

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内功（ないこう）は、中国の大衆小説である武俠小説において使われる言葉で、内家功夫、いわゆる気功とチャクラなどを指す。攻撃、防御、治療など様々な用途に用いられ、武術の基礎をなすものと位置づけられている。対義語としては外功がある。



内功は、体内から生み出される気である内力（内勁ともいう）を使う技で、呼吸、血流など、身体の内部機能を鍛錬し、全身の経絡を巡る内息（真気、気）を自在に操るもの。これを体外に放出することで、攻撃や治療などに用いることができる。点穴の技はその応用である。「柔よく剛に克ち、静よく動を制す」を要諦とし、比較的現実に即した、一般的な武術の技である外功より一段高く位置づけられる傾向があり、内功の裏打ちがなければ十分な威力が発揮できないとされることが多い。



内功を強化するためには通常は修行によってしか方法はないが、武俠小説では霊薬や特殊な動物の血を飲むなどするシーンが描かれている。



内功が至高の境地に達すれば、いかなる攻撃にも傷つかず、素手で岩を割ったり、木剣で鉄を貫き、更には毒の解毒までが可能とされる。このような物理学を無視した摩訶不思議な効力を持つ内功は、武俠小説における荒唐無稽な武術の説明に用いられ、独自の武学理論を形成している。

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Neigong
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Neigong
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 內功
Literal meaning "internal skill"

showTranscriptions

Vietnamese name
Vietnamese nội công
Hán-Nôm 內功
Korean name
Hangul 내공
Hanja 內功

showTranscriptions

Japanese name
Kanji 内功
Hiragana ないこう
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Neigong, also spelled nei kung, neigung, or nae gong, refers to any of a set of Chinese breathing, meditation and spiritual practice disciplines associated with Daoism and especially the Chinese martial arts. Neigong practice is normally associated with the so-called "soft style", "internal" or neijia 內家 Chinese martial arts, as opposed to the category known as waigong 外功 or "external skill" which is historically associated with shaolinquan or the so-called "hard style", "external" or wàijiā 外家 Chinese martial arts. Both have many different schools, disciplines and practices and historically there has been mutual influence between the two and distinguishing precisely between them differs from school to school.

There is both martial and non-martial neigong. Well known examples of martial neigong are the various breathing and focus trainings taught in some traditional Taijiquan, Baguazhang Xingyiquan and Liuhebafa schools. An example of non-martial neigong is the discipline known as Daoyin.


Contents
1Neigong and the internal martial arts
2Neigong and meditation
3See also
4References
5Further reading
6External links

Neigong and the internal martial arts[edit]

The Neijing Tu (simplified Chinese: 內经图; traditional Chinese: 內經圖; pinyin: Nèijīng tú) is a Daoist "inner landscape" diagram of the human body illustrating Neidan "Internal alchemy", Wu Xing, Yin and Yang, and Chinese mythology.

The martial art school of neigong emphasises training the coordination of the individual's body with the breath, known as the harmonisation of the inner and outer energy (內外合一), creating a basis for a particular school's method of utilising power and technique.

Neigong exercises that are part of the neijia tradition involve cultivating physical stillness and or conscious (deliberate) movement, designed to produce relaxation or releasing of muscular tension combined with special breathing techniques such as the "tortoise" or "reverse" methods. The fundamental purpose of this process is to develop a high level of coordination, concentration and technical skill that is known in the martial arts world as neijin (內勁). The ultimate purpose of this practice is for the individual to become at one with heaven or the Dao (天人合一). As Zhuangzi stated, "Heaven, earth and I are born of one, and I am at one with all that exists (天地與我並生, 萬物與我唯一)".

Martial Nei Gung is about developing internal power. One way to possibly achieve this is to train particular exercises regularly where the breath is matched with movements of blood or to effect the movement of blood throughout the body. Through these exercises it can be possible to move the blood to a particular area during a particular movement to have a particular result. One of the benefits of martial nei gung exercises is the relaxation of blood vessels, nerves, muscles and sinews to help the body move more freely. With the body moving freely and an excess of blood moving to a particular area with little or no effort, the practitioner can possibly develop many benefits. These benefits may include:
faster recovery from injury to the hands
an ability to hit with more force
an ability to move faster (speed is crucial in martial arts)
the health benefits of being relaxed
an increase in connection to your legs, spine, arms and head
increased stamina
increased athletic ability and health
regulation of blood pressure
actually experiencing the channels of the body as they truly are, which can possibly be different from the books
developing an authentic dan tien that is consciously nourished and deliberately formed which is not defined in the books
greater sensitivity for sparring and fighting

It is important to understand that anyone looking to learn Nei Gung sincerely, is more likely to learn it from a good teacher of internal martial arts like Hsing-Yi (one of the easiest and most powerful forms of martial cultivation). It is rare to learn authentic Daoist practices from a true master of the subject as quite a lot of the Nei Gung skills are an essential part of a complete system of martial arts. Nei Gung is not a philosophy, but a technique and an art of inner cultivation. There are intellectual guidelines to the practice of Nei Gung, but it is 'Inner Work' which means effort has to be put in to develop real, substantial and testable skills. This is not something that can be imagined or talked about, only from direct experience and hard effort can an understanding of Nei Gung develop. A true practitioner and teacher will take you on a journey growing your inner-world and showing you how to demonstrate the skills you are developing.

Neigong and meditation[edit]

This type of practice is said to require concentration and internal reflection which results in a heightened self-awareness that increases over time with continued practice. Neigong practitioners report awareness of the mechanics of their blood circulation, peristalsis, muscular movement, skeletal alignment, balance, etc.

What is said to be occurring as the result of continual practice is a type of internal alchemy, that is a refinement and transmutation of the "Three Treasures" or San Bao (三寳), in Chinese. The Three Treasures are known as Jing (精), Qi (氣) and Shen (神) and can be loosely translated as Essence, Vitality and Spirit.

According to Daoist doctrine the Three Treasures can be described as three types of energy available to humans. The Dao De Jing purported to be written by Lao zi states in chapter 42 that "The Dao (道) gives birth to the One, the One gives birth to the Two (Taiji (太極) or Yin and Yang (陰陽)) and the Two gives birth to the Three (which some interpret to mean Jing 精, Qi 氣 and Shen 神, or sometimes Heaven Tian 天, Earth Di 地 and Man Ren 人) and Three gives birth to the Four direction's, North, South, East, and West and so on to the 10,000 Things (Wanwu 萬物); which is all that exists between heaven and earth.

Neigong training follows therefore the classical Daoist developmental stages and regards the first two stages as a preparation for the last and final stage:[1]
Physical body (Jing) -> Energy body (Qi) -> Divine Consciousness (Shen)

References[edit]
^ Damo Mitchell: Daoist Nei Gong - The Philosophical Art of Change, Singing Dragon, 2011, ISBN 9780857010339, page 19
Further reading[edit]

  2. Blofeld, J. Taoism, The Quest for Immortality, Mandala-Unwin Paperbacks London, 1989. ISBN 0-04-299008-4
  3. Cheng, Tinhung. Tai Chi Transcendent Art, The Hong Kong Tai Chi Association Press Hong Kong, 1976. (only available in Chinese)
  4. Wile, Douglas Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the late Ch'ing Dynasty State University of New York Press, Albany, 1996. ISBN 0-7914-2653-X
  5. Wu Gongzao. Wu Family T'ai Chi Ch'uan (吳家太極拳), Hong Kong, 1980, Toronto 2006, ISBN 0-9780499-0-X
  6. Keen, Thomas. Iron Vest Qigong. ISBN 978-1-60243-000-6
  7. Danaos, Kosta, Nei Kung, The Secret Teachings of the Warrior Sage, Inner traditions, 2002, ISBN 0-89281-907-3
  8. Chen Kaiguo and Zheng Shunchao, Opening the Dragon Gate. The Making of a Modern Taoist Wizard.. ISBN 0-8048-3185-8
  9. Miller, Dan and Cartmell, Tim "Xing Yi Nei Gong: Xing Yi Health Maintenance and Internal Strength Development", Unique Publications, North Hollywood, 1999. ISBN 0-86568-174-0
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