Esther Mombo
Esther Moraa Mombo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 15 May 1957 Birongo Village in Kisii County, Kenya |
| Occupation | Professor of Theology |
| Title | Professor |
| Academic background | |
| Education | PhD- University of Edinburgh Master of Philosophy- Trinity College, Dublin Bachelor of Divinity-St.Paul's United Theological College |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Theology |
| Sub-discipline | African Women Theology |
| Institutions | St. Paul's University Limuru, Kenya |
| Main interests | Mission History, Interfaith Relations, Theology & Gender Studies |
Esther Moraa Mombo is a Kenyan female theologian and a full professor of theology in the school of theology at St. Paul's University, Limuru. She researches church history with a focus on mission history, interfaith relations and theology, and gender studies with a focus on African women's theologies, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS. She is the founder of the Tamar campaign in Kenya which acknowledges gender-based violence in society and empowers churches to address it. She is a founder member of The Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians St. Paul’s chapter in Kenya.
Early life and education
Esther Mombo was born on 15 May 1957 to Stanley Mombo Maikururi and Maria Vulimu Mombo[1] at Birongo Village in Kisii County, Kenya. Her father was a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and her mother was a Quaker. However, she was brought up by a Quaker grandmother who she referred to as her first pastor and theological educator.[2]
Mombo earned a Bachelor of Divinity degree from St Paul's United Theological College (now St. Paul's University, Limuru) and a Master of Philosophy degree from the Irish School of Ecumenics of Trinity College Dublin.[2] She returned to Kenya to teach at an Anglican bible college, where she became an Anglican herself.[3] Mombo completed her Ph.D. in 1998 at School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh as part of the Centre for the Study of Christianity in the Non-Western World.[4][5] She wrote her Ph.D. thesis on the topic "A historical and cultural analysis of the position of Abaluyia Women in Kenyan Quaker Christianity: 1902-1979."[6]
Career
Mombo started her teaching career at St. Paul's United Theological College, Limuru Kenya, (now St. Paul's University) in 1999 as a lecturer in historical studies and women's studies[2] and rose through the rank to become a full professor of theology at the school of theology in the same university. Since then, she has held various administrative posts at St. Paul's University, Limuru,[3] during a period when the institution moved from a theological college to a fully-fledged private ecumenical university.[7] Mombo worked in top management at the same university for fifteen years, from academic dean to Deputy Vice Chancellor Academic Affairs (2007 to 2013). She has also served as the Director of International Partnerships and Alumni Relations at St. Paul's University, Limuru.[8]
She has worked as an external examiner for postgraduate students in several universities including Africa International University, Kenyatta University, Makumira University in Tanzania, and in South Africa the University of KwaZulu-Natal and University of Pretoria.[9]
Mombo has served as a visiting professor at a number of academic institutions, including Candler School of Theology at Emory University, Brite Divinity School at Texas Christian University, the Graduate Institute of Theology at Yonseo University Seoul in South Korea, and the Ethiopian Graduate School of Theology (EGEST).[9]
Mombo is a member of numerous ecumenical committees, including the World Council of Churches' Commission on Education and Ecumenical Formation, the All Africa Conference of Churches' Advisor on Education,[10] Friends World Committee for Consultation,[11] American Friends Service Committee, Gianchere High School in Kisii County, and Umoja High School in Kiambu County.[9] Previously, she was a member of the Inter-Anglican Doctrinal and Theological Commission.[12]
She has served as a trustee of the Programme for Christian-Muslim relations in Africa, member of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians and the coordinator of East African region [13] installed as a Lay Canon Theologian at the Cathedral in 2017 and has served as a Lay Canon Theologian at Southwark Cathedral.[12]
She is the founder of the Tamar campaign in Kenya which acknowledges prevalence of gender-based violence in society and empower churches to address it.[11] She is a gender activist, working with religious organizations on issues of Gender and how patriarchy affects full participation of women in church and society.[13]
Awards and recognition
Mombo has received honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees from Virginia Theological Seminary (2007),[10] Church Divinity School of the Pacific (2023)[14] and her alma mater the University of Edinburgh (2023)[15] for her work of bringing to the fore issues of gender disparity and gender justice in Church and society.[2]
Mombo is recognized as one of the leading 20th century Anglican theologian in a book Twentieth Century Anglican Theologians: From Everlyn Underhill to Esther Mombo.[1]
Research and writing
Mombo is known for her research in missiology and HIV/AIDS thus her contention that in the context of HIV/AIDS and traditional rites of widow-inheritance, the church is challenged to offer more than just funeral services for the dead.[16] The missiological challenges and opportunities she unravelled include: rethinking the relationship between gospel and culture in the era of HIV/AIDS; developing a theology and spirituality to cope with the growth of a countervailing prosperity gospel; ameliorating the root causes of poverty that lie at the heart of HIV/AIDS pandemic; and engaging in rigorous moral advocacy on behalf of those most vulnerable in the society.[16]
Mombo is also known for championing for African women theology and examining how patriarchy affects full participation of women in church and society thus her philosophy, 'women are in pews men are at the pulpits'.[2] This is so because of the existing strong link between theology and ordination. In Africa, theological education was an investment, and churches invested in men. Some churches also were not open to ordination of women, so they had no reason to send women to study theology. To her, Women's ordination in Africa plays a vital role in helping to overcome gender inequality, poverty, violence and HIV/AIDS as 'it provides an important place for women to contribute to the wellbeing of people in society.[17]
As an African feminist theologian, Mombo propose that any theology that is going to be inclusive and global needs to interrogate the pervasive nature of patriarchy that continues to appear in church and society.[2] Therefore, she advocated and raised her voice to building an inclusive Church where both men and women will see themselves as children of God.[18]
Selected works
- Mombo, E. (2022). A Conversation about COVID‐19 and the Ecumenical House. The Ecumenical Review, 74(3), 463-474.
- Mombo, E. (2021). Theological Education and Women. That all may live!: essays in honour of Nyambura J. Njoroge, 30, 31.
- Mombo, E. (2021). In Search of the Women in the Archival Sources. Christian Interculture: Texts and Voices from Colonial and Postcolonial Worlds, 63-78.
- Mombo, E. (2019). Considerations for an Inclusive Global Theological Education: Old Issues, New Questions. The Ecumenical Review, 71(4), 449-460.
- Mombo, E. (2019). Expressions and Encounters: Experiencing the Histories and Theologies of African Christianity in the Collections of Pitts Theology Library: A Visiting Scholar’s Reflection. Theological Librarianship, 12(1), 16-23.
- Mombo, E. (2019). The Role of the Invisible but Visible Women in the 1913 Kikuyu Conference. In Costly Communion (pp. 243-251). Brill.
- Mombo, E. (2019). The Singing Mysticism: Kenyan Quakerism, the Case of Gideon WH Mweresa. Quakers and Mysticism: Comparative and Syncretic Approaches to Spirituality, 201-219.
- Mombo, E. (2019). Understanding World Christianity: Eastern Africa, written by Paul Kollman and Cynthia Toms Smedley. Mission Studies, 36(2), 345-346.
- Mombo, E. (2017). Mission and evangelism. Christianity in sub-Saharan Africa, 461-477.
- Mombo, E. (2017). Reconciliatory Peace in the Face of Terror: A Personal Appeal for Quaker Peace Building in Kenya. Christian Responses to Terrorism: The Kenyan Experience. Edited by Gordon L. Heath and David K. Tarus. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 123-131.
- Mombo, E. (2016). The revival testimony of second wives. In The East African Revival (pp. 153-161). Routledge.
- Mombo, E. (2015). Women in African Christianities. In Routledge Companion to Christianity in Africa (pp. 173-185). Routledge.
- Mombo, E. (2013). Mentoring Younger Scholars in Theological Education in Africa. Handbook of Theological Education in Africa, 858-868.
- Mombo, E. (2010). From Fourfold Mission to Holistic Mission: Towards Edinburgh 2010. Holistic Mission: God’s Plan for God’s People, 37-46.
- Mombo, E. (2009). Christians and Sexuality in the time of AIDS. The Ecumenical Review, 61(3), 359.
- Mombo, E. (2008). Decent Care and HIV: A Holistic Approach. In Restoring Hope: Decent Care in the Midst of HIV/AIDS (pp. 96-101). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
- Mombo, E. (2008). The ordination of women in Africa: A historical perspective. Women and ordination in the Christian churches: international perspectives, 123-43.
- Mombo, E. (2005). Missiological challenges in the HIV/AIDS Era: Kenya. Theology today, 62(1), 58-66.
- Mombo, E. (2004). Why Women Bishops are Still on the Waiting List in Africa. Harris and Shaw (2004), 163-167.
- Mombo, E. (2000). Theological Education in Africa. Ministerial Formation, 89, 39-45.
Co-authored works
- Kabue, Samuel; Mombo, Esther; Galgalo, Joseph; Peter, C. B., eds. (2012). Disability, Society and Theology. Voices from Africa. Zapf Chancery. ISBN 978-9966-7341-7-4.
- Wafula, R. S.; Mombo, Esther; Wandera, Joseph, eds. (2016). The Postcolonial Church: Bible, Theology, and Mission. Borderless Press.
- Mombo, Esther; Nyiramana, Cecile (2019). Mending broken hearts, rebuilding shattered lives: Quaker peacebuilding in East and Central Africa. Quaker Books. ISBN 978-1-907123-95-5.
- Chirongoma, Sophia; Mombo, Esther, eds. (2021). Mother Earth, Postcolonial and Liberation Theologies. Fortress Academic. ISBN 978-1-9787-1161-7.
- Chitando, Ezra; Mombo, Esther; Gunda, Masiiwa Ragies, eds. (2021). That all may live! Essays in honour of Nyambura J. Njoroge. University of Bamberg Press. ISBN 9783863098117.
- Kaunda, Chammah J.; Longkumer, Atola; Ross, Kenneth R.; Mombo, Esther, eds. (2021). Christianity and COVID-19: Pathways for Faith. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-52229-7.
References
- School of Divinity Edinburgh (7 December 2023). Professor Esther Mombo awarded Honorary Doctor of Divinity from the University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 19 June 2024 – via YouTube.
- Nagaju, Muke (28 March 2024). "Re-imagination of an inclusive and liberating Church in Esther Mombo's Theology: Exploring the inclusion of single women ordination in Presbyterian Church in Rwanda". Queen of Sheba: East and Central African Women's Theologies of Liberation. University of Bamberg Press.
- Corey, Emmy (2020). "Esther Mombo (1957–)". In Burns, Stephen; Cones, Bryan; Tengatenga, James (eds.). Twentieth Century Anglican Theologians: From Evelyn Underhill to Esther Mombo. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 217–225. ISBN 978-1-119-61118-9.
- Stanley, Brian (2011). "Founding the Centre for the Study of Christianity in the Non-Western World". In Burrows, William R.; Gornik, Mark R.; McLean, Janice A. (eds.). Understanding World Christianity: The Vision and Work of Andrew F. Walls. Orbis Books. pp. 51–59. ISBN 9781608330218.
- "Esther Mombo". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- Mombo, Esther Moraa (1998). A historical and cultural analysis of the position of Abaluyia Women in Kenyan Quaker Christianity: 1902-1979 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
- "Interview with Professor Esther Mombo : Sexuality and Religion Network in East Africa". serene.leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- KENYATTA UNIVERSITY (2022). "Centre for Gender Equity and Empowerment".
- "Prof. Esther Mombo". St. Paul’s University. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- "Esther Mombo". Henry Center. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- "Author Bio". langhamliterature.org. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- "Professor Esther Mombo". Southwark Cathedral. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- "Undoing the Lies that lead: Approaches to Dismantling Patriarchal Theology and Advancing Gender Equality"" (PDF). Women Leading Change: 5. 2022.
- "Commencement 2023". Church Divinity School of the Pacific. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- "Honorary DD Conferred upon Centre Alumna, Professor Esther Mombo". Centre for the Study of World Christianity. 29 November 2023.
- Esther, Mombo. "Missiological Challenges in the HIV/AIDS Era: Kenya". Theology Today. 62 (1): 58–66. doi:10.1177/004057360506200107.
- Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs. "A Discussion with Esther Mombo, St. Paul's University". berkleycenter.georgetown.edu. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- Mombo, Esther (1 January 2019). "Considerations for an Inclusive Global Theological Education". The Ecumenical Review. 71 (4): 449–460. doi:10.1111/erev.12442.
Further reading
- Kwaka-Sumba, Truphosa; le Roux, Elisabet (2019). "African Women's Leadership: Realities and Opportunities". In Priest, Robert; Barine, Kirimi (eds.). African Christian Leadership: Realities, Opportunities, and Impact. Langham Publishing. pp. 135–154. ISBN 978-1-78368-751-0.
- Muke, Nagaju (2024). Re-imagination of an inclusive and liberating Church in Esther Mombo’s Theology : Exploring the inclusion of single women ordination in Presbyterian Church in Rwanda. In Loreen Maseno, Esther Mombo, Nagaju Muke, u. a. (Hrsg.), Queen of Sheba : East and Central African Women’s Theologies of Liberation (Circle Jubilee Volume 2), Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press, S. 225–239, doi: 10.20378/irb-94431.
External links
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1957 births
- Living people
- Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
- Alumni of the University of Edinburgh School of Divinity
- World Christianity scholars
- Women Christian theologians
- Kenyan Anglicans
- Converts to Anglicanism from Quakerism
- People from Kisii County
- Gender studies academics
- 21st-century Anglican theologians
======A historical and cultural analysis of the position of Abaluyia Women in Kenyan Quaker Christianity: 1902-1979View/OpenMomboEM_1998redux.pdf (64.06Mb)Date1998AuthorMombo, Esther MoraaMetadataShow full item recordThe Society of Friends has always declared the equality of women and men. The way in which it has practised this equality has often been influenced by the attitudes surrounding society and culture. This thesis examines and interprets the status, roles and experiences of Abaluyia women in the East Africa Yearly Meeting of Friends (EAYM).
The thesis argues that the Abaluyia culture and philosophy prescribed a largely marginal role for women and in turn was absorbed into and dominated the thinking of EAYM. Second the thesis recaptures the story of the women concerned making them primary rather than secondary voices in their own history.The thesis begins by analysing how the concept of engoko determined the place and role of women in Abaluyia society. It then examines the American cultural, social and religious context out of which the Friends missionaries came and which invariably shaped their ways of understanding reality and organising their work in Kenya. The arrival of the first Friends missionaries in Kenya in 1902 aimed at raising the spiritual and living standards of the Abaluyia people, especially the women. Their experiences of Abaluyia culture and perceptions of the people is assessed, as well as the move to establish EAYM in 1946. A closer look is taken at the complex and interconnected issues of marriage (especially polygyny) and bride wealth.
Missionary inability to grasp the issues involved allowed the Quaker elders to make policies which often reflected the patriarchal views of Abaluyia society. The thesis also examines the nature of mission work among Abaluyia women, and argues that much of the mission discussion about women was prescriptive, confining the ideal Abaluyia woman to her function as mother and homemaker.
The discussion shows how missionaries assumed an ideal universal understanding of womanhood and how this affected Abaluyia women's roles in the church and in the wider society.The way in which Abaluyia women experienced and responded to Quaker Christianity is also assessed, especially how they formed separate groups which developed into a Women's Yearly Meeting. From their marginal position women emerged strongly to contribute to the work of a growing church. The thesis then proceeds to discuss the place of women in the organisational structure of EAYM.Using the cases of Maria Atiamuga and Keran Nyamusi Alfayo, the thesis argues that women have been sidelined from the leadership of EAYM because it reflects a traditional pattern of clan leadership which is exclusively male.
Finally the thesis assesses the role of women in pastoral ministry by discussing the nature of training at Friends Bible Institute (FBI) and the type of ministry open to women. Using Rasoah Mutua, the first woman graduate from FBI, the thesis shows that the traditional Friends championing of spiritual equality for men and women in the church has not been realised in EAYM.The thesis concludes with a reflection on this disparity due to the persistence of engoko, and proposes a rediscovery of a Friends teaching in this respect, and the formulation of a new ethos in accordance with it to replace engoko.URICollectionsCSWC thesis and dissertation collectionDivinity thesis and dissertation collection
