Kenneth E. Boulding
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Kenneth E. Boulding
Kenneth Ewart Boulding (January 18, 1910 – March 18, 1993) was a British economist, educator, peace activist, poet, religious mystic, devoted Quaker, systems scientist, and interdisciplinary philosopher. He was cofounder of General Systems Theory and founder of numerous ongoing intellectual projects in economics and social science.
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Kenneth you at bolding was a British
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economist educator peace activist poet
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religious mystic devoted Quaker systems
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scientist and interdisciplinary
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philosopher he was co-founder of general
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Systems Theory and founder of numerous
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ongoing intellectual projects in
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economics and social science he was
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married to Elise M balding biography
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balding was born in Liverpool England in
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1910 he graduated from Oxford University
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and was granted United States
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citizenship in 1948 from 1934 to 1937 he
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was an academic staff at the University
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of Edinburgh and from 1937 to 1941 he
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taught at Colgate University from 1945
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to 1949 he was a faculty member of Iowa
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State College now Iowa State University
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and during the years 1949 to 1967 he was
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a faculty member of the University of
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Michigan in 1967 he joined the faculty
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of the University of Colorado at Boulder
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where he remained until his retirement
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bolding was president of numerous
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scholarly societies including the
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American Economic Association the
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Society for general systems research and
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the American Association for the
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Advancement of science he was not only a
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prolific writer and a creative
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integrator of knowledge but an
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academician of world stature indeed a
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magisterial figure in the discipline of
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social science for bolding economics and
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sociology were not social sciences
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rather they were all aspects of a single
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social science devoted to the study of
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human persons and their relationships
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bolding spearheaded an evolutionary
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approach to economics building with his
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wife Elise was an active member of the
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religious Society of Friends or Quakers
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he took part in Quaker gatherings served
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on committees and spoke to and about the
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friends the two were members of meetings
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in
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vil Tennessee Ann Arbor Michigan and
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Boulder Colorado interestingly although
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he stuttered when he ministered in a
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friend meeting he spoke clearly Kenneth
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Boulding was instrumental in organizing
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the first teach in relating to the
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Vietnam War at the University of
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Michigan in Ann Arbor in March 1965 he
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later spoke on the steps of the Hatcher
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graduate library at the University and
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was pelted with snowballs by a group of
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disagreeing students in March 1977 he
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even conducted a silent vigil at a
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headquarters of the American Friends
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Service Committee in Philadelphia to
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protest what he considered it distancing
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itself from Quakers he penned the widely
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circulated there is a spirit a series of
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sonnets he wrote in 1945 based on the
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last statement of the 17th century
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Quaker James Naylor bolding emphasized
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that human economic and other behavior
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is embedded in a larger interconnected
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system to understand the results of our
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behavior economic or otherwise we must
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first research and develop a scientific
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understanding of the eco dynamics of the
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general system the global society in
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which we live in all its dimensions
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spiritual and material Boulding believed
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that in the absence of a committed
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effort to the right kind of social
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science research and understanding the
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human species might well be doomed to
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extinction
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but he died optimistic believing our
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evolutionary journey had just begun work
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in addition to economics building made
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important contributions to the fields of
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political science sociology philosophy
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and social psychology economic analysis
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buildings major work in economics was
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his introductory textbook economic
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analysis which first appeared in 1941
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the book sought to be a contribution to
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the development and systematization of
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the body of economic analysis itself
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psychic capital psychic capital is a
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term first used by bolding
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capital is an accumulation of wealth and
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with psychic capital the accumulation is
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one of desirable mental states which
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admittedly a highly transitory in nature
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the mental states could be memories of
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pleasure success achievement recognition
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and the desire to add to psychic capital
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is likely to be a powerful motivating
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force however failure in a task could
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also lead to a depletion of psychic
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capital an accumulation of negative
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memories of failures disasters
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atrocities or perceived and justices and
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indignities could be called negative
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psychic capital negatives I could
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capital can also be a powerful
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motivating factor in the pursuit of
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satisfaction through revenge or a
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settling of scores in either of its
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forms as positive or negative psychic
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capital this package of collective
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memory is an essential link between
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collective memory and collective mental
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state the concept is somewhat more
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specific than social capital which
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focuses on social networks rather than
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mental states evolutionary economics
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bolding was the key exponent of the
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evolutionary economics movement in his
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economic development as an evolutionary
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system building suggests a parallel
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between economic development and
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biological evolution they economics and
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evolution of both examples of a larger
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process which has been at work in this
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part of the universe for a very long
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time this is the process of the
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development of structures of increasing
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complexity and improbability the
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evolutionary process always operates
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through mutation and selection and has
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involved some distinction between the
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genotype which mutates under phenotype
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which is selected the process by which
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the genotype constructs the phenotype
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may be described as organization
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economic development manifests itself
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largely in the production of commodities
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that is goods and services it originates
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however in ideas plans and attitudes in
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the human mind these are the genotypes
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in a canal
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development this whole process indeed
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can be described as a process in the
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growth of knowledge what the economist
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calls capital is nothing more than human
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knowledge imposed on the material world
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knowledge and the growth of knowledge
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therefore is the essential key to
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economic development investment
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financial systems and economic
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organizations and institutions are in a
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sense only the machinery by which
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knowledge process is created an
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expressed Kenneth e folding Kenneth
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Boulding was also nominated for the
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Nobel Prize for both piece on the
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economics HTTP colon slash slash W
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nytimes.com slash 1993 /o 3/20 slash
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obituaries slash Kenneth - Belding - and
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- economist - philosopher - and - poet -
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dies - at - eighty-three dot html'
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publications bolding published some
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thirty books and hundreds of articles
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books a selection 1940s to 1960s 1941
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economic analysis Harper & Brothers 1942
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a peace study outline the practice of
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the love of God Philadelphia yearly
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meeting book committee 1945 the
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economics apiece
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prentice-hall 1945 there is a spirit the
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Nayla sonnets fellowship publications
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1950 a reconstruction of economics Wiley
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1953 the organizational revolution a
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study in the ethics of economic
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organization Harper & Brothers 1956 the
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image knowledge in life and society
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University of Michigan press 1958 the
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skills of the economist Cleveland
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Howard Allen 1958 principles of Economic
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Policy
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prentice hall 1958 1962 conflict and
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defense a general theory Harper &
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Brothers 1964 the meaning of the 20th
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century
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the great transition Harper & row 1966
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the impact of the social sciences
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Rutgers University Press 1966 the
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economics of knowledge and their
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knowledge of economics American Economic
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Review vol 56 no 1/2 ma one nineteen
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sixty six one two thirteen 1968 beyond
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economics essays on society religion and
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ethics 1969 the grants economy Michigan
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academician 1970s 1970 economics as a
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science
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1970 a primer on social dynamics history
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is dialectics and development 1971
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economics Colorado associated University
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Press 1971 1973 political economy
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Colorado associated University Press
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1973 1973 the economy of love and fear a
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preface to grants economics wodsworth
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1974 toward a general social science
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Colorado associated University Press
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1975 international systems peace
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conflict resolution and politics
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Colorado associated University Press
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1975 sonnets from the interior life and
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other autobiographical verse Colorado
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associated university press 1978 stable
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peace University of Texas press 1978 eco
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dynamics a new theory of societal
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evolution sage 1980s - 1 9 9 3 1 9 8 o
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beasts ballads and balding isms a
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collection of writings transaction books
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1981 evolutionary economics sage 1981 a
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preface to grants economics the economy
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of love and fear new york Prager
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1985 toward the 21st century political
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economy social systems and world peace
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Colorado associated University Press
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1985 human betterment sage 1985 the
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world as a total system sage 1986
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mending the world quaker insights on the
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social order Pendle Hill publications
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1989 three phases of power
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sage 1992 towards a new economics
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critical essays on ecology distribution
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and other themes edward elgar 1993 the
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structure of a modern economy the United
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States 1929 to 89 Macmillan
