2022/02/15

Russell Brand - Wikipedia

Russell Brand - Wikipedia

Russell Brand

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Russell Brand
Arthur Russell Brand (5622506846).jpg
Brand in 2011
Birth nameRussell Edward Brand
Born4 June 1975 (age 46)
Grays, Essex, England
Medium
EducationGrays School
Alma mater
Years active1994–present
Genres
Spouse
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 2010; div. 2012)​
  • Laura Gallacher
     
    ​
    (m. 2017)​
Children2
Websiterussellbrand.com

Russell Edward Brand[2] (born 4 June 1975)[3] is an English comedian, actor, radio host and YouTuber.

After beginning his career as a comedian and later becoming an MTV presenter, Brand first achieved renown in 2004 as the host of Big Brother's Big Mouth, a Big Brother spin-off. In 2007, he had his first major film role in St Trinian's, and the following year he landed a major role in the romantic comedy-drama Forgetting Sarah Marshall; the film led to him starring in a spin off, the rock comedy Get Him to the Greek, alongside Jonah Hill in 2010. He also worked as a voice actor in the animated films Despicable Me in 2010, Hop in 2011, and Despicable Me 2 in 2013, and played the title character of the 2011 remake of the romantic comedy Arthur. In 2013, he released the successful stand-up special Messiah Complex.

Since guest-editing an edition of British political weekly New Statesman in 2013,[4] Brand has become known as a public activist and campaigner, and has spoken on a wide range of political and cultural issues, including wealth inequality, addiction, corporate capitalism, climate change, and media bias.[5][6] In 2014, Brand launched his political-comedy web series The Trews, released a book entitled Revolution, and began work on a documentary about financial inequality with Michael Winterbottom.

Over the course of his career, Brand has been the subject of frequent media coverage and controversy for issues such as his promiscuity and drug use, his outrageous behaviour at various award ceremonies, his dismissal from MTV and resignation from the BBC, and his two-year marriage to singer Katy Perry. He has incorporated many of his controversial public acts into his comedic material. A biographical documentary called Brand: A Second Coming was released in 2015.

Early life

Russell Edward Brand was born in Orsett Hospital in Grays, Essex, England. He is the only child of Barbara Elizabeth (née Nichols) and photographer Ronald Henry Brand.[2] Brand's parents separated when he was six months old, and he was raised by his mother.[7][8]

When Brand was 8, his mother was diagnosed with uterine cancer and then breast cancer one year later. While she underwent treatment, Brand lived with relatives. When he was 14, he suffered from bulimia nervosa. When he was 16, he left home because of disagreements with his mother's partner. Brand then started to use illegal drugs such as cannabis, amphetamines, LSD, and ecstasy.[9] Brand was sexually abused by a tutor.[10]

Brand says he had a "strange relationship" with his father, whom he saw sporadically and who took him to visit prostitutes during a trip to Thailand when Brand was a teenager.[7][11] He made his theatrical debut at the age of 15 in a school production of Bugsy Malone, and then began work as a film extra. Brand attended Grays School and in 1991, he was accepted to the Italia Conti Academy and had his first year of tuition funded by Essex County Council. After his first year at Italia Conti Academy, Brand was expelled for illegal drug use and poor attendance.[12]

Career

Stand-up

Brand performed stand-up at the Hackney Empire New Act of the Year final in 2000. Although he finished fourth, his performance attracted the attention of Bound and Gagged Comedy Ltd agent Nigel Klarfeld.[13] That year, he also made his Edinburgh debut as one-third of the stand-up show Pablo Diablo's Cryptic Triptych, alongside ventriloquist Mark Felgate and Anglo-Iranian comic Shappi Khorsandi.[14] In 2004, he took his first one-man show, the confessional Better Now, to the Edinburgh Festival, giving what he claimed was an honest account of his heroin addiction. He returned the following year with Eroticised Humour. He launched his first nationwide tour, Shame, in 2006. Brand drew on embarrassing incidents in his own life and the coverage about him in the tabloid press. The show was released on DVD as Russell Brand: Live. Brand appeared in a sketch and performed stand-up at Amnesty International's Secret Policeman's Ball in 2006[15] and again at the 2012 edition at Radio City Music Hall.[16]

In March 2007, he co-hosted an evening of the Teenage Cancer Trust gigs with Noel Fielding. In December 2007, Brand performed for Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip as an act in the 2007 Royal Variety Performance. His second nationwide tour, in 2007, was called Russell Brand: Only Joking and released on DVD as Russell Brand: Doin' Life. Brand began performing in the US, and recorded a special for Comedy Central titled Russell Brand in New York, which aired in March 2009.[17] Brand began touring the UK, America and Australia from January to April 2009 on a tour called Russell Brand: Scandalous.[18] In October, a further four dates that were performed in November were added to raise money for Focus 12, the drug charity for which Brand is a patron.[19]

In 2013, Brand presented and toured his comedy show Messiah Complex, in which he tackled advertising, the laws on drug addiction and the portrayal of his heroes, such as Gandhi, Guevara, Malcolm X and Jesus, and how he is, in comically contrived ways, similar to them.[20]

In January 2017, Brand announced his new tour Re:Birth, which debuted in April 2017 and was meant to go through November 2018.[21] However, on 30 April 2018, he was forced to cancel the remaining dates after his mother was critically injured in a hit-and-run accident.[22] Russell Brand: Re:Birth, which was filmed in London in April 2018, was released as a standup comedy film on Netflix on 4 December 2018.

Over the years, Brand has named Richard Pryor, Bill Hicks,[23] Peter Cook, Lenny Bruce, Tony Hancock, Jack Kerouac, Stewart Lee,[24] Tenacious D,[25] Eddie Murphy,[26] and Monty Python among his comedic influences. In 2009 he appeared in the television documentary, Monty Python: Almost the Truth (Lawyers Cut).[27]

Presenting

Brand's first presenting role came in 2000 as a video journalist on MTV. He presented Dancefloor Chart, touring nightclubs in Britain and Ibiza, and hosted the tea-time request show Select. Brand was fired several days after coming to work dressed as Osama bin Laden the day after the 11 September 2001 attacks and bringing his drug dealer to the MTV studios.[28] After leaving MTV, Brand starred in RE:Brand, a documentary and comedy television program that aimed to take a challenging look at cultural taboos. It was conceived, written, and hosted by Brand, with the help of his comic partner on many projects, Matt Morgan. The series was shown on the now-defunct digital satellite channel UK Play in 2002.[29]

In 2004, he hosted Big Brother's Eforum on E4, a sister show to Big Brother 5. The show gave celebrity guests and the public the chance to have their say on the goings-on inside the Big Brother house. For Big Brother 6, the show's name changed to Big Brother's Big Mouth. Following Celebrity Big Brother 5, Brand said he would not return to host the Big Brother 8 series of Big Brother's Big Mouth. In a statement, Brand thanked all the producers for "taking the risk of employing an ex-junkie twerp" to front the show. Of his time presenting the show, he said, "The three years I've spent on Big Brother's Big Mouth have been an unprecedented joy".[30] Brand hosted a one-off special called Big Brother According to Russell Brand, in which Brand took a surreal, sideways look at Big Brother through the ages. On 8 January 2008, Brand was the fifth celebrity to "hijack" the Big Brother house, in the E4 show Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack.[31]

Brand next returned to MTV in the spring of 2006 as presenter of the chat show, 1 Leicester Square, which had its broadcast time revised to allow for a more adult-oriented theme. Guests included Tom Cruise, Uma Thurman, The Mighty Boosh, and Boy George, and a second series began in September 2006 on MTV. After Big Brother 7 finished, Brand presented a debate show called Russell Brand's Got Issues, on E4. The viewing figures for the first episode were seen as disappointing, being beaten by nearly all of E4's main multi-channel rivals, despite a big publicity and promotional campaign for the show. The poor ratings prompted the network to repackage the show as The Russell Brand Show and move it to Channel 4.[32] The first episode was broadcast on 24 November on Channel 4,[33] and it ran for five weeks.[34]

Brand presented the 2006 NME Awards. At the ceremony Bob Geldof, who was accepting an award from Brand, said at the podium, "Russell Brand – what a cunt", to which Brand replied, "Really, it's no surprise [Geldof]'s such an expert on famine. He has, after all, been dining out on 'I Don't Like Mondays' for 30 years."[35] Brand hosted the 2007 BRIT Awards and presented Oasis with an "Outstanding Contribution to Music" award at the event.[36] He also hosted one hour of Comic Relief. On 7 July 2007, he presented at the UK leg of Live Earth at Wembley Stadium, London.[37]

Brand speaking with Courtney Love in Los Angeles, 2008

On 12 December 2007, BBC Four aired Russell Brand On the Road, a documentary presented by Brand and Matt Morgan about the writer Jack Kerouac and his novel On the Road. Brand returned to Channel 4 to host Russell Brand's Ponderland, in which he discussed topics like childhood and science through stand-up comedy. The show first aired on 22 October 2007 and continued for the next five nights. A second series began on 30 October 2008. The show ran for 12 episodes over the two series.[38] Brand was later announced as the host of the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs), which drew scepticism from the American media, as he was relatively unknown to the American public. Brand's appearance led to controversy for numerous reasons.[39] He said the night "marked the launch of a very new Britney Spears era", referring to it as "the resurrection of [Spears]". He also said, "If there was a female Christ, it's Britney".[40] Brand implored the audience to elect Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama and later called then–U.S. President George W. Bush "a retarded cowboy fella", who, in England, "wouldn't be trusted with scissors".[40][41] He also made several references to the purity rings worn by the Jonas Brothers, but apologised for the comments later in the show.[42]

His comments at the 2008 MTV VMAs led to Brand receiving death threats from some offended viewers.[43] Brand claimed that MTV asked him to host the 2009 awards after the ratings for the 2008 show were 20 percent higher than the previous year.[44] Also in 2008, Brand hosted a one-off stand up comedy show called Comedy Live Presents: Russell Brand and Friends, which was shown on Channel 4 on 25 January 2008. Brand returned to host the 2009 MTV VMAs, on 13 September 2009, at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.[45][46] The ratings for the 2009 show were the best since the 2004 VMAs.[47] On 12 February 2011, Brand guest hosted an episode of the hit American sketch comedy Saturday Night Live. He also hosted the 2012 MTV VMAs.[48]

Acting

In 1994, while still a teenager, Brand appeared in episodes of The Bill and the children's adventure series Mud.[49][50] In 2002, Brand appeared on the TV shows Cruise of the Gods and White Teeth. In 2005, he played Tommy in the BBC sitcom Blessed, which was written and directed by Young Ones co-writer Ben Elton. Brand auditioned for the part of Super Hans in the Channel 4 sitcom Peep Show; the role eventually went to Matt King.[51] In 2007, Brand appeared in Cold Blood for ITV, playing an ex-con called Ally. Brand played a recovering crack addict named Terry in the pilot for the ITV comedy The Abbey, written by Morwenna Banks.[52] He voiced an Earth Guardian in Robbie the Reindeer in Close Encounters of the Herd Kind. Brand appeared in a small role in the 2006 movie Penelope; although his first major film role was as Flash Harry in the 2007 film St Trinian's.[citation needed]

Brand achieved American fame when he starred in the 2008 film Forgetting Sarah Marshall, in which he played rock star Aldous Snow, the boyfriend of the title character (played by Kristen Bell). Brand received rave reviews for his performance as Snow, and he revealed the character was changed from an author to a rock star because of his audition.[53] Brand starred alongside Adam Sandler in the Disney film Bedtime Stories, which was released on 25 December 2008.[54] He reprised the role of Aldous Snow for a buddy comedy titled Get Him to the Greek, co-starring Jonah Hill.[55] He reunited with Forgetting Sarah Marshall director Nicholas Stoller and producer Judd Apatow for the film.[55]

Brand starred in Julie Taymor's 2010 version of William Shakespeare's The Tempest, as Trinculo.[56][57][58] In 2010, Brand voiced Dr. Nefario in the Universal movie Despicable Me,[59] and reprised the role in the 2013 sequel. Brand also guest starred in The Simpsons episode "Angry Dad: The Movie" as himself. Brand also starred in the April 2011 live action/CGI animated film Hop with James Marsden, voicing the film's protagonist E.B. Hop opened at number one at the Friday box office in the US, earning $11.4 million.[60][61] The same month, he played the title character in a remake of Arthur,[62] written by Peter Baynham, which was a box office disappointment. Brand starred as Lonny in a film adaptation of the 1980s-set musical Rock Of Ages, released in cinemas in June 2012.[63]

After appearing as William Carr in the Diablo Cody film Paradise (2013), Brand went on hiatus from acting. His return role was as Creek in the DreamWorks animated film Trolls (2016), followed by his portrayal of God in the comedy Army of One (2016) with Nicolas Cage. In 2018, he portrayed Sports X Network founder Lance Klians in a recurring arc on the HBO series Ballers.[64]

Other projects Brand has been tied to include a remake of Drop Dead Fred,[65] an Adam Sandler-produced film about a con-man posing as a priest tentatively entitled Bad Father, co-written by Brand and Matt Morgan;[66] and a film adaptation of the children's television programme Rentaghost a project that was picked up by Fox Studios in 2011 with Ben Stiller attached.[67]

Production

As of October 2008, Brand's own production company is called Vanity Projects.[68] The company's most recent production, Russell Brand Doing Life, was released in 2009.[69] Brand also established his own production company in 2011 with friend Nik Linnen. Called 'Branded Films', the company operates from the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California, United States. The company's primary focus is to develop films that Brand stars in.[70]

Television

Main article: Brand X

Brand hosted Brand X, a late-night talk show on FX, which received lukewarm reviews and middling ratings. It was cancelled after two seasons.

Radio

Main article: The Russell Brand Show
Brand in April 2011

Brand's radio career began in early 2002, when he hosted a Sunday afternoon show with Matt Morgan on London's Indie Rock station Xfm. Brand was fired from the job after reading pornographic material live on-air.[71] In 2005, Brand co-hosted three one-off shows on BBC Radio 6 Music with Karl Pilkington. Brand then co-hosted The Russell Brand Show beginning in April 2006 on BBC Radio 6 Music. In November 2006, the show transferred to BBC Radio 2 and aired on Saturdays from 9–11 pm. The show regularly drew about 400,000 listeners.[72] In an episode of the show broadcast on 18 October 2008, Brand and fellow Radio 2 DJ Jonathan Ross made a series of phone calls to actor Andrew Sachs in which Brand alleged on air that he had had sex with Sachs' granddaughter. Sunday tabloid The Mail on Sunday broke the story and regarded the phone calls as obscene. Both presenters were later suspended by the BBC because of the incident,[73] and Brand resigned from his show.[74][75] The BBC was later fined £150,000 by Ofcom, Britain's broadcast regulator, for airing the calls.[76]

Brand returned to radio when he and Noel Gallagher hosted a one-off football talk show on 19 April 2009 for Talksport.[77] Brand returned to Talksport on 9 October 2010, with a Saturday night show that lasted 20 weeks. The show featured clips and back-stage recordings from his Booky Wook 2 promotional tour.[78] Brand was joined by a host of guests, including Noel Gallagher and Jonathan Ross.[79]

Podcast

On 25 February 2015, Brand launched a twice weekly podcast called The Russell Brand Podcast through audioBoom. The podcast reunited Brand with his radio presenting team of Matt Morgan and poet Mr Gee.[80] The podcast ended after 24 episodes. In 2017, Brand launched a new podcast called Under the Skin with Russell Brand in which he interviews guests from areas such as academia, popular culture and the arts.[81]

Writing

Brand's first autobiography, My Booky Wook, was released on 15 November 2007 and received favourable reviews. Andrew Anthony from The Observer commented that "Russell Brand's gleeful tale of drugs and debauchery in My Booky Wook puts most other celebrity memoirs to shame".[82] The second book, Booky Wook 2: This Time It's Personal, was released on 30 September 2010. Brand signed a £1.8 million two-book deal with HarperCollins in June 2008.[83][84] The first book, Articles of Faith, examined Brand's philosophy and consisted of a collection of columns from The Guardian that first appeared there in 2007 and 2008. The book was published on 16 October 2008, and also includes Brand interviewing Noel Gallagher, James Corden, and David Baddiel about football.[85]

From 2006 until 2009, Brand wrote a column for The Guardian that focused on West Ham United and the England national football team. A collection of the columns from 2006 and 2007 was released in a book entitled Irons in the Fire.[86] Brand continues to write articles for The Guardian that offer his perspectives on current events and pop culture, including the deaths of Amy Winehouse and Robin Williams. Following the 2011 London riots, Brand wrote a column in which he criticised the government's response to the riots in Summer 2011 as a failure to address the root causes.[87]

Brand made his children's book debut in November 2014 with Russell Brand's Trickster Tales: The Pied Piper of Hamelin. It is the first instalment of an intended series, featuring illustrations by Chris Riddell.[88] In The Guardian, reviewer Lucy Mangan noted: "The on-Brand need to be noticed is there on every page, his unwillingness to get out of the way of the story tripping the reader up at every turn" and adding that Chris Riddell's illustrations "give the book a beauty it does not deserve and a coherence the text does not deliver".[89] Nicholas Tucker, in The Independent, was even less impressed, noting the book's "wearingly offensive" language, and writing:

Were it not for his celebrity, this book in manuscript would surely have been returned to its author by any publisher along perhaps with some kindly advice for seeking out an anger-management course. But Brand’s take on The Pied Piper of Hamelin is the first of a series of riffs on traditional fairy and folk tales. If they are all as bad as this one, British children’s books will have hit a new low.[90]

His book Revolution, in which Brand develops his earlier ideas, was published by Random House in October 2014 and received much publicity. Nick Cohen of The Observer called Brand's writing "atrocious: long-winded, confused and smug; filled with references to books Brand has half read and thinkers he has half understood."[91] On the other hand, Steve Richards in The Independent commented: "Brand writes and speaks with verve, words flowing effortlessly and musically. The contrast with the tame wooden prose of elected politicians is marked."[92]

In September 2017, Brand published Recovery: Freedom from Our Addictions.[93] His book, Mentors: How To Help and Be Helped, was published in January 2019. It deals with the people who have had a positive impact on his life and encourages us to look to others to become better individuals.[94]

Political activism

2009–2012: Early interventions

Street art by unknown artist on Hackney Street, London

In January 2009, Brand participated in a celebrity letter to The Independent—as a supporter of the Hoping Foundation—to condemn Israel's assault on Gaza, and the "cruel and massive loss of life of the citizens of Gaza".[95] In February 2009, Brand and several other entertainers wrote to The Times in defence of leaders of the Baháʼí Faith, who were on trial in Iran at the time.[96] In April 2009, he attended the 2009 G-20 London summit protests and spoke to the press.[97]

Brand was selected by the Dalai Lama to host the Buddhist leader's 2012 youth event in Manchester. The Dalai Lama's representatives explained that Brand was selected because he had proved "the power of spirituality to effect change in his own life", while Brand stated to the BBC after the event: "I said yes because he's the living incarnation of Buddha and I thought, if you're around the Dalai Lama, that can only be good for your spiritual quest through life. He's an amazing diplomat, an incredible activist, a wonderful human being and an inspiration to us all."[98]

In April 2012, Brand testified in front of a parliamentary committee about drug addiction, sharing his experiences and view that drugs should be decriminalised. He said, "I'm not a legal expert. I'm saying that, to a drug addict, the legal aspect is irrelevant. If you need to get drugs, you will. The criminal and legal status, I think, sends the wrong message. Being arrested isn't a lesson, it's just an administrative blip."[99] Part of this testimony was included in a BBC Three documentary, Russell Brand: From Addiction to Recovery, that aired in December 2012. Brand said he felt compelled to make the film after the 2011 death of close friend Amy Winehouse, and he also used the opportunity to question how British society "deals with addicts and addiction."[100]

In June 2013, Brand appeared in a video in support of Chelsea Manning.[101]

2013–2014: New Statesman, Newsnight

Brand at the London Revolution Protest, June 2014

Since 2013, Brand has appeared more frequently as a campaigner for serious issues rather than an entertainer.[102][103] On 23 October 2013, Brand was interviewed by Jeremy Paxman for the BBC's Newsnight and was challenged about his call for "revolution" and whether someone who had never voted could edit a political magazine.[104] In the issue of the New Statesman, published on 24 October 2013, Brand's essay explained his objection to the destruction of Earth through greed and exploitation, and called for a change in consciousness to accompany political and economic measures to achieve a more sustainable future.[105] Nick Cohen in The Guardian commented about Brand: "He writes as if he is a precocious prepubescent rather than an adolescent: a child, born after the millennium, who can behave as if we never lived through the 20th century."[106]

Jeremy Paxman interviewed Brand on Newsnight in 2013, in which he disparaged the British political system as ineffectual and encouraged the British electorate not to vote.[107] When asked by Paxman what a revolution would look like, Brand replied:

A socialist egalitarian system based on the massive redistribution of wealth, [with] heavy taxation of corporations...I think the very concept of profit should be hugely reduced...I say profit is a filthy word, because wherever there is a profit there is also a deficit.[108][109]

British commentator Joan Smith dismissed Brand as the "canny self-publicist" who indulges in "waffle about 'revolution'" as "one celebrity, I'm afraid, who's more idiot than savant."[110] Former Independent editor Simon Kelner largely defended his appearance on Newsnight: "It sounded rather attractive, even if it wasn't exactly worked through. But Brand's rhetorical flourishes made up for the lack of detail".[111] A few months later, documentary film maker Adam Curtis, in an interview for the New Humanist magazine, questioned Brand's advocacy of not voting in elections: "Who benefits from that? The unelected powerful, because you’re emotionally and psychologically disempowering politicians. The only power politicians have is the collective confidence we have in them. The most radical thing is to recapture the idea you can change the world."[112]

2014–present: The Trews, Revolution and political activism

In January 2014, Brand was invited by the Cambridge Union Society to participate in an interview, held in the Union's debating chamber with Leo Kirby, the Union's 2014 Speakers' Officer. The interview ran for more than an hour and was published on the Union's YouTube channel.[113]

Brand launched his YouTube series The Trews: True News with Russell Brand on 27 February 2014, in which he "analyses the news, truthfully, spontaneously and with great risk to his personal freedom." In addition to news analysis, he regularly has guests on the show, including economists, journalists and activists. By the end of the year, more than 200 episodes had been released on the channel.[114] The show was halted for nearly a year as he decided to be away from social media to focus on his personal and professional growth.[115]

In June 2014, he took part in the People's Assembly Against Austerity, that attracted an estimated 50,000 people marching from the BBC office to Westminster. Brand addressed the crowd, saying, "The people of this building [the House of Commons] generally speaking do not represent us, they represent their friends in big business. It's time for us to take back our power. Power isn't there, it is here, within us. The revolution that's required isn't a revolution of radical ideas, but the implementation of ideas we already have."[116]

In September 2014, Brand lent his support to the Fire Brigades Union, giving a speech at the union's rally against cuts in London and asking the public to support the firefighters.[117]

In October 2014, at the time Brand's book Revolution was published, John Lydon (also known as "Johnny Rotten" of the Sex Pistols), in an interview with Polly Toynbee of The Guardian, said that Brand's advocacy of non-voting is "the most idiotic thing I’ve ever heard."[118] In a November 2014 YouGov poll, involving a selection of celebrities, Brand was chosen as the one with the most negative influence on political debate (46%). The poll also found that 60% of poll participants disliked him and 28% liked him.[119]

Shortly afterward, Brand appeared on Newsnight again, but was interviewed by Evan Davis on this occasion. Asked about 9/11 conspiracy theories and whether the attacks were perpetuated by the American government, Brand commented: "[w]e have to remain open-minded to [that] kind of possibility",[120][121] although this section of the interview ended with Brand insisting that he did not "want to talk about daft conspiracy theories."[122][123] Hadley Freeman in The Guardian mocked the opinions he expressed in the interview: "I’m not entirely sure where he thinks he’s going to go with this revolution idea because [SPOILER!] revolution is not going to happen."[124]

Brand at the People's Assembly Against Austerity rally in June 2014

BBC Three commissioned Brand to make a documentary on the global "War on Drugs", which aired on 26 November 2014. The film, titled Russell Brand: End the Drugs War, shows him exploring the illicit drug policies of other countries in search of a compassionate approach to people who use illicit drugs. Brand said in the documentary, "People think compassion is 'wet liberalism'; it's not, it's pragmatic".[125] Brand worked with the Matchlight Ltd production company, director Ross Wilson and executive producer Liz Hartford.[125]

On 2 December 2014, Brand joined East London residents to protest over the increase in rents at the New Era housing estate.[126] During a protest for the New Era residents, Channel 4 News reporter Paraic O'Brien continually pushed Brand to answer questions about the value of his own property, which is rented. The line of questioning irritated Brand, who ended up calling the reporter a "snide"—the short clip went viral on YouTube.[127][128][129]

Later that month, on 11 December, Brand appeared on the BBC's Question Time programme which included the UK Independence Party's leader Nigel Farage as one of the other panellists. Brand called Farage "a pound shop Enoch Powell" on-air,[130] and the two men continued to trade insults after the programme had ended.[131]

Brand at Zuccotti Park in 2014

In January 2015, during the television show Channel 4's Big Fat Anniversary Quiz, Brand insulted politician Ed Balls. Balls responded by calling Brand a "pound shop Ben Elton."[132][133]

In March 2015, Brand announced he would use money from his Revolution book to open a café, the Trew Era Cafe on the New Era estate in the London Borough of Hackney, which would employ recovering drug addicts.[134] The café opened on 26 March.[135]

In March 2015, readers of Prospect magazine voted Brand the fourth-most influential thinker in the world, behind Thomas Piketty, Yanis Varoufakis, and Naomi Klein.[136]

Brand and director Michael Winterbottom worked together to produce a documentary, The Emperor's New Clothes, that had its international premiere on 24 April 2015 at the Tribeca Film Festival. The film features archival footage with appearances by Brand in London and New York City, examining the financial crisis of 2007-2008 and global economic inequality. The documentary is produced by Brand's Revolution Films company and distributed by StudioCanal UK.[137][138]

On 29 April 2015, eight days ahead of 2015 UK general election, Brand published an interview with Labour leader Ed Miliband on an episode of The Trews as part of a Trews Politics Week series.[139] Miliband claimed that he took part to win over people like Brand who do not vote, although his opponent David Cameron deemed the entire interview a "joke".[140] The following day Brand released an interview with Green Party leader Natalie Bennett and Green MP Caroline Lucas, giving his support to Lucas in Brighton advising people there to vote Green,[141] adding that "In most cases it don’t matter if you don’t vote Green".[141] He also criticised an election "set up not to represent people's wishes".[142]

Following these interviews, three days before the election, Brand released the final episode of The Trews Politics Week entitled "Emergency: VOTE To Start Revolution"[139] releasing additional material from his discussion with Ed Miliband and stating "I think we've got no choice but to take decisive action to end the danger of the Conservative party".[143] He dropped his anti-voting position and "declared the importance of voting", backing Labour and telling his fans that "You gotta vote Labour", although he admitted "that he couldn't be sure of the reality of what a Labour government would mean".[144][145] Brand was not registered to vote in the 2015 election.[144]

On 20 August 2015, Brand released episode 366 of The Trews titled "Final Episode Of The Trews – Goodbye, Good Luck", which he said would be the final episode of the series.[146] The Trews returned on 12 October 2016.

In August 2015, Brand endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election. He said: "Jeremy Corbyn would be a better kind of new Labour. The fear would be, can party politics ever impact the will of the people?"[147] In May 2017, Brand endorsed Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn in the 2017 general election he wrote in The Huffington Post that Corbyn "has the qualities I want in a strong and stable leader". He wrote: "Whether it's the Iraq War or badger-baiting, Corbyn has been allied with common sense and compassion in pretty much every Parliamentary argument." He praised Corbyn for his long record of sticking to his principles and for standing up to the media's treatment of him. Regarding the 2015 election he said: "You know I never actually said 'don't vote? I said 'There's no point in voting when the main political parties are basically indistinguishable and the relationship between government, big business and factions of the media make it impossible for the democratic will of the people to be realised, which is a more nuanced point and plainly true. Anyway, that was then and this is now."[148]

Since 2017, Brand has produced the podcast Under The Skin in which he engages public figures and academics in varied discussions.[149]

Controversies

Brand in Regents Park, September 2020

On 16 September 2010, Brand was arrested on suspected battery charges after he allegedly attacked a paparazzo who blocked his and then-fiancée Katy Perry's way to catch a flight at Los Angeles International Airport.[150] The paparazzo placed Brand under citizen's arrest until the police arrived and he was released from custody the next day after posting US$20,000 bail.[151] On 15 March 2012, an arrest warrant was issued for Brand in New Orleans, U.S., because of allegations that he had thrown a photographer's mobile phone through a window. The paparazzo was taking pictures of Brand with an iPhone when Brand wrestled the device from his hands and tossed it at a law firm's window. The warrant cited "simple criminal damage to property", leading Brand, who offered to pay for the replacement of the window, to voluntarily appear at a police station. Brand was filming a movie in New Orleans at the time of the incident.[152]

Brand was ejected from the GQ Awards show on 3 September 2013 after receiving the "Oracle" award. In his acceptance speech, he mentioned sponsor Hugo Boss' former business making uniforms for the Nazi regime. Brand said, "They [Nazis] did look fucking fantastic, let's face it" before he goose stepped across the stage in a comical imitation of the Nazi march. Brand was eventually ejected from the event after GQ editor Dylan Jones confronted Brand with his view that the speech was "very offensive"—Brand replied by saying that the Nazis' treatment of the Jewish people was "very offensive".[153][154][155] Brand was later given the opportunity to reflect on the award night on the Guardian website:

Now I'm aware that this [GQ award speech] was really no big deal ... It was a daft joke by a daft comic at a daft event. It makes me wonder, though, how the relationships and power dynamics I witnessed on this relatively inconsequential context are replicated on a more significant scale ... Ought we be concerned that our rights to protest are being continually eroded under the guise of enhancing our safety? ... When you take a breath and look away from the spectacle it's amazing how absurd it seems when you look back.[155]

In June 2015, the Daily Mail revealed that Brand was selling sweatshirts stated to be British-made, while they were in fact made in Bangladesh by workers earning under US$1 per hour. He said that he was unaware of this, and had terminated his relationship with the manufacturer as a result.[156]

In September 2021, Brand shared information on how to avoid COVID-19 safety measures for people attending his tour.[157][158] In October 2021, YouTube began reviewing some of Brand's videos to see if they violated the sites' COVID-19 vaccine policies.[159]

Personal life

According to his author biography on Goodreads, Brand dresses in a "flamboyant bohemian fashion."[160] He has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder.[161][162] He also suffered from bulimia,[163] pornography addiction,[164] and experienced a period of self-harming.[165] Brand has described the concept of fame "like ashes" in his mouth.[113]

Brand used to be a Buddhist'; now, he believes in a higher power.[166] Brand has shown interest in the Hare Krishna Movement and wrote in a 2007 Guardian column: "I say Hare Krishna as often as possible, sometimes even when I'm not being filmed".[167] Additionally, during an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in October 2010, Brand talked about his love of Transcendental Meditation (TM).[168] This love of TM was reaffirmed in a 2013 New Statesman editorial he wrote: "Through Transcendental Meditation, twice daily I feel the bliss of the divine..... I connect to a boundless consciousness that has no palpable relationship with my thoughts, fears or desires."[169] He has also gravitated towards Christian spirituality and practice by daily reciting the Lord's Prayer and attempting to have Christ consciousness.[170]

In 2011, Brand served as best man at Noel Gallagher's wedding to Sara MacDonald.[171]

Since 2016, Brand has been training in the martial art of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and has earned a purple belt in the discipline.[172] He credits the art with improving his life in several ways.[173]

Brand lives in Henley-on-Thames.[174] He is a lifelong supporter of the West Ham United football club.[175] As of 2019, he is a vegan.[176]

Relationships

Brand's ex-wife Katy Perry in 2011

Brand first met American singer Katy Perry in mid-2009 when she filmed a cameo for his film Get Him to the Greek, although the cameo was cut from the film.[177] They began dating after meeting again at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards in September.[178] The two became engaged on New Year's Eve 2009 during a holiday in India,[179] and married there on 23 October 2010 in a Hindu ceremony, near the Ranthambhore tiger sanctuary in Rajasthan.[180]

In October 2011, Brand and Perry announced via Twitter that they had switched to a vegan diet after watching the documentary "Forks Over Knives" which explores ways that plant-based diets can reduce risks for cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions.[181] On 30 December 2011, Brand filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences,[182] which was finalised in July 2012.[183] Perry's July 2012 autobiographical documentary, Katy Perry: Part of Me, revealed that conflicting career schedules and Perry not feeling ready to have children led to the end of their marriage.[184] In June 2013, Perry told Vogue that Brand did not like the idea of her "being the boss" of things, and that the last time she had heard from him was on 31 December 2011, when he sent her a text message informing he was divorcing her.[185]

Days after his divorce was finalised, Brand said in an interview with Howard Stern that he was extremely in love with Perry, but after marrying her realised "this isn't really working out ... I was really, really in love with her, but it was difficult to see each other ... it mostly didn't work for practical reasons."[186] While Stern pressed for details, Brand declined, saying: "I don't want anything to hurt her. She's younger than me, she's a young woman and she's beautiful and she's sensitive and I care about her deeply."[186] Brand, who married Perry without a prenuptial agreement, was eligible to claim half of the estimated $44 million she earned during their marriage, but declined.[187]

From 2013 to 2014, Brand was in a relationship with Jemima Goldsmith (f.k.a. Khan), an editor of the New Statesman, and a daughter of financier James Goldsmith.[188] In May 2014, Brand received libel damages from The Sun following a story the paper had printed in November 2013 claiming that he had been unfaithful to Goldsmith. Brand said he would be donating the unspecified damages to the Hillsborough Justice Campaign.[189] Brand and Goldsmith ended their relationship in September 2014.[190][191]

In the October 2014 issue of Vanity Fair, Brand said of the allegations of misogyny made against him: "I have lived a life and had a frame of cultural references that make that charge quite legitimate... But as a person who's trying to live a decent, spiritual life, misogyny is not part of my current palette of behaviors... In a way, redemption is a great part of my narrative. I'm talking about disavowing previous lives, previous beliefs, previous behaviours."[192]

Since 2015, Brand has been in a relationship with Scottish blogger and former restaurateur Laura Gallacher, whom he had dated on and off since 2007. Gallacher is the sister of television presenter Kirsty Gallacher.[193] Their first daughter Mabel was born in November 2016.[194] Brand married Gallacher in Henley-on-Thames on 26 August 2017.[195] In July 2018, Brand and Gallacher had a second daughter named Peggy.[196]

Substance use

Brand in September 2020

The media published articles on Brand during his drug-using period, typically in relation to incidents, and his public profile has since been associated with this era. Drug-related issues led to Brand's arrest on twelve occasions.[197] Brand was ejected from The Gilded Balloon in Edinburgh and following a subsequent show in the city in 2004, a reviewer stated that "you'd rather hug him than hit him", as he had embraced recovery by this point. Following the cessation of his use, Brand revealed through his stand-up performances that he introduced his drug dealer to Kylie Minogue during his time at MTV[198] and masturbated a stranger in a public toilet for a television programme.[199] In January 2014, Brand described his first experience with heroin as "blissful".[113]

Brand has abstained from drug use since 13 December 2002.[200] He is a patron of the Focus 12 drug treatment programme after his own use of the service. Brand's sobriety was instigated by his agent, John Noel, after Brand was apprehended using heroin in a bathroom during a Christmas party. Brand cites his practice of transcendental meditation as a significant factor in his recovery from drug dependence.[201] Brand organised three fundraisers for Focus 12 in London, Dublin and Belfast in 2009, and has also acted as a "sponsor" for numerous people during the rehabilitation stage of their treatment process.[202]

Filmography

Film

YearTitleRoleNotes
2007St Trinian'sFlash Harry
2008PenelopeSam
2008Forgetting Sarah MarshallAldous Snow
2008Bedtime StoriesMickey
2010Get Him to the GreekAldous Snow
2010Despicable MeDr. Nefario (voice)
2010The TempestTrinculo
2011HopE.B. (voice) / Production Assistant
2011ArthurArthur Bach
2012Rock of AgesLonny Barnett
2012Katy Perry: Part of MeHimselfUncredited cameo
2013Despicable Me 2Dr. Nefario (voice)
2013ParadiseWilliam
2014A Royal HangoverHimself
2015The Emperor's New ClothesHimself
2016Army of OneGod[203][204]
2016TrollsCreek (voice)
2020Four Kids and ItTristan Trent III[205]
2022Death on the NileWindlesham
2022Minions: The Rise of GruDr. Nefario (voice)Completed

Television

YearTitleRoleNotes
1994The BillBilly CaseEpisode: "Land of The Blind"
1994MudShane6 episodes
2002White TeethMerlinEpisode: "The Peculiar Second Marriage of Archie Jones"
2002RE:BrandHost7 episodes
2002Cruise of the GodsWoolly Hat FanTV film
2004A Bear's Christmas TailMr. WolfTV film
2004–2006Big Brother's Big MouthHost53 episodes
2005–2007Celebrity Big Brother's Big MouthPresenter16 episodes
2006Russell Brand's Got IssuesHost6 episodes
2006, 2007
2009, 2015		The Big Fat Quiz of the YearHimselfTV special
2007The AbbeyTerryTV film
2007Cold BloodAlly ParkinsEpisode: "Interference"
2007–2009Russell Brand's PonderlandHost12 episodes
20082008 MTV Video Music AwardsHostTV special
20092009 MTV Video Music AwardsHostTV special
2011Big Time RushHimselfEpisode: "Big Time Beach Party"
2011Saturday Night LiveHimself/HostSeason 36, Russell Brand & Chris Brown
20122012 MTV Movie AwardsHostTV special
2012–2013Brand X with Russell BrandHost25 episodes
2012Russell Brand: From Addiction to RecoveryHimselfBBC Three Documentary
2014Russell Brand: End the Drugs WarPresenterBBC Three Documentary
2017Hospital PeopleTyler WattEpisode: "The Health Guru"
2018Celebrity JuicePanelistEpisode: "#19.1"
2018–2019BallersLance14 episodes
2020NeighboursHimselfEpisode: "#1.8385"

Awards

AwardAward categoryYearResultRefs.
Time OutBest Stand-Up2006Won[206]
Loaded LaftasBest Stand-Up2006Won[207]
British Comedy AwardsBest Newcomer2006Won[208]
33rd Annual Television and Radio AwardsBest Television Performer in a Non-Acting Role2007Won[209]
British Comedy AwardsBest Live Stand-Up2008Won[210]
Variety's Power of Comedy Award2010Won[211]
British Comedy AwardsOutstanding Contribution to Comedy2011Won[212]
GQ Men of the Year AwardsOracle2013Won[155]
Foot in Mouth AwardQuote[a]2014Won[213]

Stand-up DVDs

  • Live (20 November 2006)
  • Doing Life – Live (26 November 2007)
  • Scandalous – Live at the O2 (9 November 2009)
  • Live in New York City (21 November 2011)
  • Messiah Complex (25 November 2013)

Notes

  1. ^ "The internal mayhem I'm feeling is spilling out everywhere. I loved it, and felt very connected to activism – particularly activism that feels loaded with potential. Not the oppositional activism that seems like there's a stasis around it – earnestly sincere, but a monolith equal to the establishment."

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  93. ^ Merritt, Stephanie (17 September 2017). "Help by Simon Amstell; Recovery: Freedom from Our Addictions by Russell Brand – review". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  94. ^ Thomas, Rebecca (23 December 2018). "Books 2019: Which top fiction picks will you choose?". Bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
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  97. ^ O'Carroll, Isabelle (1 April 2009). "Brandish:Out and About". Brandish.tv. Archived from the original on 25 April 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  98. ^ Youngs, Ian. "Russell Brand discusses the Dalai Lama". BBC. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  99. ^ "Russell Brand testifies before a parliamentary committee about drug addiction". CBS News. Associated Press. 24 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  100. ^ "Russell Brand: From Addiction to Recovery". BBC. 9 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
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  181. ^ Percival, Amy (13 March 2019). "Russell Brand Is Loving Vegan Baking After Appearing on GBBO". Livekindly.co. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
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Further reading

External links

Media offices


Preceded by
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MTV Video Music Awards host
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Preceded byMTV Movie Awards host
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====
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Open-Access Public Theology Resources | The Lutheran World Federation

Open-Access Public Theology Resources | The Lutheran World Federation

Open-Access Public Theology Resources

Equipping Public Theologians for the Common Good

These open-access international public theology resources are aimed at equipping the global church in the work of transformative engagement for the common good.

The lecture series in the open-access resource revolves around the topic of public theology and is the result of cooperation between the Berlin Center for Public Theology in Germany, the Beyers Naudé Center for Public Theology in South Africa, and the Lutheran World Federation. It brings together leading experts from all over the world delivering lectures on different aspects of public theology.

Recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic in various contexts, each lecture contains a presentation (both in video and audio formats) with accompanying slides, additional study material and supplementary reading. The lecture series was first offered to graduate students in Berlin and Stellenbosch; the series is part of the Lutheran World Federation learning modules but is also designed to benefit all students in areas where study material is hard to access and travel is difficult due to lack of funds or opportunities.

VIDEOS      AUDIOS

I. Concepts of public theology
II. Doing public theology: Issues, agents and practices
III. Conclusion


I. Concepts of public theology

  • Session 1: Why public theology? African, European, Asian, American perspectives
    • Introduction:
      • Prof. Dr. Dion Forster, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
      • Rev Dr. Sivin Kit, The Lutheran World Federation, Switzerland
      • Prof. Dr. Torsten Meireis, HU Berlin, Germany
    • Speakers:
      • Rev Dr Hermen Shastri, General Secretary, Council of Churches of Malaysia
      • Prof. Marcia Pally, New York University, USA
      • Prof. Godwin I. Akper, Professor of Systematic Theology, National Open University of Nigeria
      • Bishop Prof Heinrich Bedford-Strohm, Chairperson of the Council of the Evangelical Church in Germany
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 2: Public theology and biblical exegesis
    • Prof. Dr. Julie Claasens, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 3: The 'theology' in public theology
    • Prof. Dr. Dirk Jacobus Smit, Princeton Theological Seminary, USA
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 4: The 'public' in public theology
    • Prof. Dr. Torsten Meireis, Berlin Center for Public Theology, HU Berlin, Germany
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 5: Public Theology in an Islamic Perspective
    • Prof. Dr. Aslam Fataar, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 6:  Public Theology and African Theologies of Liberation
    • Prof. Dr. Rothney Tshaka, University of South Africa (Unisa), Pretoria, South Africa
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 7: Public theology, social media and digitalization
    • PD Dr. Frederike van Oorschot, Forschungsstäte der Evangelischen Studiengemeinschaft (FESt), Heidelberg, Germany
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 8: Public theology: contextuality and intercontextuality
    • Prof. Dr. Rudolf von Sinner, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Brazil
    • RESOURCES:

===

II. Doing public theology: Issues, agents and practices

  • Session 9: Politics, democracy, civil society in a globalized world
  • Session 10: Creation and sustainable development
    • Prof. Dr. Jonathan Kivatsi Kavusa, Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs (ULPGL-Goma), DR Congo
    • Dr. Clemens Wustmans, Berlin Center for Public Theology, HU Berlin, Germany
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 11: Ways of life and human rights
    • Prof. Dr. Nico Koopman, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 12: Science, learning, and faith
    • Prof. Dr. Dion Forster, Beyers Naudé Center of Public Theology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 13: Blessed are the Peacemakers
    • Rev. Dr. Munther Isaac, Bethlehem Bible College, Palestine/Israel
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 14: Gender and sexuality
  • Session 15: Faith actors in civil society: between civil commitment and resistance
  • Session 16: Local Faith Communities - Religious Leaders: Public Appearance and Leadership
    • Prof. Dr. Kung Lap Yan, Divinity School of Chung Chi College, Chinese University of Hong Kong
    • RESOURCES:
  • Session 17: Education, agency and the public
  • Session 18: Voicing international issues: public theology on an international scale
  • Session 19: Prosperity, work and economics
    • Prof . Dr. Piet Naude, University of Stellenbosch Business School, South Africa
    • RESOURCES:

===

III. Conclusion

  • Session 20: Approaches to public theology: a conversation on doing public theology
    • Moderator:
      • Rev Dr. Sivin Kit, The Lutheran World Federation, Switzerland
      • Conversation I
        • Rev. Dr. Seferosa Carroll, WCC, Geneva, Switzerland
        • Prof. Dr. Sebastian Switzerlandang Hwan Kim, Fuller Theological Seminary, USA
        • Prof. Dr. Nico Koopman, StellenbosSwitzerland University, South Africa
        • RESOURCES:
      • Conversation II
        • Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Huber, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
        • Prof. Dr. Esther Mcintosh, York St. John University, UK
        • RESOURCES:

===


If you would like to receive the original video and audio files of each session, plus further reading material, please email Rev. Dr Sivin Kit.

Click here for further public theology resources and publications.

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부처님의 세계3-부처님의 상호 - 사찰에 깃든 의미 - 육바라밀行

부처님의 세계3-부처님의 상호 - 사찰에 깃든 의미 - 육바라밀行

부처님의 세계3-부처님의 상호
작성자玄性|
작성시간08.05.15|조회수116
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상호(相好), 이는 부처님께서 가지고 계신 신체적 특성인 32相 80種好에서 나온 말입니다. 부처님께서 갖추신 신체적 특성을 크게는 32가지, 세부적으로 80가지가 있습니다. 이는 부처님께서는 중생과 다른 분이시기에 그 존엄성을 나타낸다고 볼 수 있습니다. 이는 인도 당시의 전통적인 견해였습니다. <금강경>에도 언급한 바와 같이 부처님뿐만 아니라 전륜성왕도 그모습을 갖추고 있습니다.

어떤이는 이 32상 80종호를 토대로 그 모습을 그려보면, 영 이상한 모습을 지닌다고 말하기도 합니다. 그러나 경전 말씀에는 상징적인 의미가 많이 있듯이, 이 상호에 대한 내용 또한 그렇게 이해해야 되지 않을까 합니다. <대승기신론>을 풀이한 원효스님의 <대승기신론소>를 통해 이해하면, 부처님의 32상 80종호는 많은 수행으로 이루어진 것이며 헤아릴 수 없는 덕을 나타낸 것으로 볼 수 있습니다.

이러한 부처님의 신체적 특성을 기준으로 불모(佛母;부처님을 조성하는 이)는 조화롭게 일정한 양식을 갖춰 부처님의 모습을 모셨습니다. 일반적으로 우리가 지금 보면 알 수 있고 , 자주 또는 한두번은 들었던 부처님 상호에 대한 내용을 살펴보도록 하겠습니다.


이미지를 클릭하면 원본을 보실 수 있습니다.

첫번째, 육계입니다. 계응 '상투 계'자 입니다. 이는 부처님 머리 위에 살이 올라온 것이나 뼈가 올라온 것으로 상투처럼 보입니다. 불정(佛頂) 또는 정계라고 합니다. 이는 성인의 긴머리카락을 위로 올려 묶었던 것에서 유해한다고 합니다.

두번째, 나발입니다. 나는 '소라 라'자입니다. 부처님의 머리카락이 오른쪽으로 말려 올라간 것이 마치 소라 모양이기에 그렇게 부릅니다.

세번째, 백호입니다. 호는 '터럭 호'입니다. 보통 부처님 미간에 있는 것이 점으로 알고 있는 이들이 많지만, 이는 점이 아니라 하얀 털입니다. 이는 늘이면 저 멀리 뻗어나갔다가 놓ㅇ면 스스로 다시 오른쪽으로 말리면서 돌아옵니다. 그런데 부처님의 위대한 덕성을 거듭 강조하고자 그 자리에 보석으로 장식하는 것입니다.

네번째, 삼도입니다. 부처님 목 주위에 표현되는 3개의 주름을 말합니다.어떤 이는 탐진치 삼독을 말한다고 하고 어떤 이는 생사 윤회하는 삼계를 말하기에 혹도(惑道), 고도(苦道)를 의미한다고 말합니다. 부처님몸에 그런 것이 있다는 것이 참으로 받아들이기 쉽지 않습니다. 그러나 우리 중생과 함께하시는 분이기에 그 나름의 의미가 있지 않을까 합니다.

다섯번째, 광배입니다. 불보살님의 머리나 몸체에서 발하는 빛을 형상화한 것입니다. 몸을 두르고 있는 신광, 머리를 두르고 있는 두광, 몸 전체를 두르고 있는 것을 거신광이라고 합니다.

여섯번째, 화불입니다. 불교에서는 부처님께서 '나타내시다'라는 말보다 '나투시다'라는 말을 많이 사용합니다. '화'가 그런 의미입니다. 보통 관세음보살의 보관에 화불(아미타불)이 나투시기도 하며, 광배에 나투시기도 합니다.

일곱번째, 대좌입니다. 불보살님, 또는 여러 신중이 앉거나 서 있는 자리를 말합니다. 석가모니부처님께서 보리수 아래에 정좌하실때 풀방석에 앉으셨던 것에서 유래한 것으로 금강좌라고 합니다. 참고로 금강을 다이아몬드라고 이야기하는데, 이는 현재 이 세상에서 가장 단단한 것이 '다이아몬드'이기에 그렇게 말하는 것이라고 보아야 합니다. '금강'이란 어떤 것으로도 깨뜨릴 수 없는 것을 비유하여 '금강'이라고 합니다. 불보살님께서는 보통 연꽃위에 계십니다.

여덟번째, 수인입니다. 부처님이나 보살님, 기타 여러 성중이 맺고 있는 다양한 손모양을 수인이라고 합니다. 수인이라는 것은 손의 모양과 위치로써 부처님과 보살님이 어떤 특정한 상태나 행동에 들어 있다는 것을 나타내주는 일종의 약속입니다. 참고로 손모양을 중심으로 하는 것을 수인이라고 한다면, 손에 물건(이를 보통 지물이라고 합니다)을 들고 있는 것을 계인이라고 합니다. 이 수인(手印)과 계인(契印)을 합쳐서 인계라고 하며, 범어로 '무드라'라고 합니다.

수인은 일반적으로 우리가 부처님을 구별할 수 있는 중요한 요소이기 때문에 따로 자세하게 설명하도록하겠습니다.

이상이 일반적인 부처님 상호에 관련된 내용이었습니다.
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2022/02/11

The Complete Idiot's Guide to Eastern Philosophy: Valuable Tips for Putting Philosophical Theory into Practice eBook : Stevenson, Jay: Amazon.com.au: Kindle Store

The Complete Idiot's Guide to Eastern Philosophy: Valuable Tips for Putting Philosophical Theory into Practice eBook : Stevenson, Jay: Amazon.com.au: Kindle Store


The Complete Idiot's Guide to Eastern Philosophy: Valuable Tips for Putting Philosophical Theory into Practice Kindle Edition
by Jay Stevenson  (Author)  Format: Kindle Edition
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You're no idiot, of course. You know Eastern philosophy encompasses many countries and concepts, but when it comes to breaking down the basics to discuss with others or for your own enlightenment you can't tell Confucius from Krishna. Don't nix nirvana just yet! 'The Complete Idiot's Guide to Eastern Philosophy' is an extensive, reader-friendly guide that maps out the terrain along the various paths of knowledge. A wealth of information about the history and core beliefs of each philosophical system. Outlines and in-depth explorations of each school of thought. Reading and study guides to enhance your understanding. The big picture of Eastern Philosophy and how its components relate to Western ideas.
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Vimala
5.0 out of 5 stars Good introduction to the Eastern way of thinking
Reviewed in Japan on 20 May 2015
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I have read this book first in the paper edition. I was so much fascinated with this book, this time I bought the same work in kindle edition as I want to browse the book from time to time while commuting to my office. I find this book quite informative not only for the European & American people but also for Asian people. Quite often we Asians assume that we know everything about our traditional culture including religious faith, but in fact when asked by non-Asian friends, we are often embarrassed to know how little we know about our own culture. In this respect, this book provides an excellent introduction to the complex idea of Hinduism, Buddhism and Chinese philosophy in quite plain words. I would like to recommned this book to all those who are interested in the Eastern philosophy.
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Hydra
5.0 out of 5 stars Do Not Underestimate this book!
Reviewed in the United States on 1 March 2020
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This is NOT a guide for Idiots or dummies!!! It is deceptively well written. Ignore the silly drawings and the idiotic chapter titles (these are bizarre marketing conventions that have grown tastelessly out of date.) This is a simply and directly written book that will awaken the most jaded reader into thinking about Eastern religions in a personal and meaningful way. There are far more prestigious books that will look more impressive on your bookshelf. But for actual thinking and learning this is an amazing accomplishment.
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Owen M. McKinney
5.0 out of 5 stars A Great Introduction to Eastern Philosophy . . .
Reviewed in the United States on 8 August 2019
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The author, Jay Stevenson, Ph.D., has written several outstanding books in philosophy. This one maintains his high level of professionalism he shows in all his work.

This work provides a big picture overview of Eastern Philosophy and how its component elements relate to Western ideas. It also contains a wealth of information about the history and core beliefs of each of the major systems in Eastern Philosophy.
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samantha
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent summary
Reviewed in the United States on 11 July 2011
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this is an excellent summary of Eastern Philosophy, and covers all the basic schools of thought in a clear and concise fashion Highly recommended to anyone with an interest in understanding the similarities and differences between Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, etc.
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smerkinb
5.0 out of 5 stars Good Overview
Reviewed in the United States on 29 August 2011
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This book is a great overview of eastern religions for someone who knows next to nothing before reading it. It lays out the differences and similarities, discusses any crossover philosophies and was a great jumping off point to delve further into the various specific religions and philosophies.
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The complete idiot's guide to exploring God : Webb, Jeffrey B : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

The complete idiot's guide to exploring God : Webb, Jeffrey B : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

The complete idiot's guide to exploring God  by Webb, Jeffrey B



Publication date 2005
Topics God  
Publisher New York, NY : Alpha BooksCollection
Contributor Internet Archive
Language English
Title (alternate script) NoneAuthor (alternate script) None

358 pages : 23 cm

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The Complete Idiot's Guide to Exploring God Paperback – November 1, 2005
by Jeffrey B. Webb  (Author)
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Who is God?

Today, with religion being talked about more than ever in the United States, and most Americans professing their belief in God, the time is ripe for an exploration of what God means, and has meant, throughout history. In this fascinating guide, Jeffrey Webb explores humanity’s ideas of God, from the days of Pantheism through the Hebrew Scriptures and rabbinic tradition, to Christian Trinity and the New Testament, to the Qur’an and God in the Sunni and Shi’ite traditions, to present-day metaphysics and beyond.
-The religion category is hugely successful
-According to a 2003 Harris Poll, while only a quarter of Americans attend a religious service every week, 79% believe there is a God, and 66% are absolutely certain this is true
-The unbiased tone and coverage makes this book a perfect primer


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About the Author
Jeffrey B. Webb, Ph.D., is a historian and professor at Huntington College, where he teaches advanced courses in the history of Christianity and American religious history. The author of The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Christianity, he’s a co-editor of the Newsletter of the Conference on Faith and History, and his written work on topics in Christianity and Christian history has appeared in numerous academic journals and reference collections.
Product details
Publisher ‏ : ‎ Alpha (November 1, 2005)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 384 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1592574297
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1592574292
Reading age ‏ : ‎ 18 years and up
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.3 pounds
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.38 x 0.82 x 9.02 inches
Best Sellers Rank: #5,095,318 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
#8,981 in Comparative Religion (Books)
Customer Reviews: 4.6 out of 5 stars    4 ratings
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Cate A
5.0 out of 5 stars Religion 101
Reviewed in the United States on May 23, 2013
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Haven't read far yet, but this book seems to give a comprehensible overview of different religions. Interesting to see similarities and differences.
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William D. Bailey
5.0 out of 5 stars A well-balance, theologically-slanted exposition
Reviewed in the United States on December 8, 2010
I see that the preceding reviewer has retracted her review in which she described the book as Protestant-Christian biased. In my opinion the author reveals no such biases at all. Indeed, the book is a remarkably comprehensive -- and well-balanced -- review of the major religions of the world and their prominent variations. He also deals with appropriate length and fairness with Atheism and Agnosticism.

The reader should be aware that the focus of the book is with theology, albeit in very clear, layman's term. It deals with in reasonable detailed & rigorous way with the each religion's theological issues and their historic evolution. But this book isn't the place to look for much discussion of the incidental cultural traditions of the people of the various religions. Also - an likely for the better - it definitely doesn't deal with political issues, e.g. political Islam (Islamism), or the the Israeli/Palestinian conflict.
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===

Includes bibliographical references (pages 329-338) and index

pt. 1. Concepts of God

 -- 1. Search for the divine -- Theism and its critics -- Questions and answers -- The spiritual impulse -- God and religion -- Is God a thing? -- Naming the ultimate reality -- 2. God is everything : pantheism -- What is pantheism? -- One realm or two? -- God and nature -- The importance of place -- Diversity of opinion -- Related concepts -- Panentheism -- Animism -- Neo-paganism -- 3. God is many : polytheism -- The mythic vision -- Explaining the beginning -- Sumerians' myths of creation -- The Greek variation -- The ideas of a Pantheon -- Gods and mortals -- Division of labor -- Henotheism : many gods, one in charge -- The practice of polytheism -- Eastern perspectives -- 4. God is one : monotheism -- Early arrivals -- Egyptian monotheism -- Zoroastrianism -- Some Greek philosophers -- Plato -- Aristotle -- The Stoics -- Plotinus -- The power of one -- Transcendence vs. immanence -- Hebrew perspectives -- Christian perspectives -- Islamic perspectives -- Patterns of belief -- Consequences of monotheism -- 5. God in none : atheism -- Idle speculation? -- Xenophanes -- Carneades -- Saving belief through syncretism -- Reason and revelation -- The disenchantment of the West -- Anticlericalism -- Humanism -- Science -- Freethinkers and Deists -- Reasons for disbelief -- The problem of causes -- The problem of natural law -- The problem of design -- The problem of good and evil -- The problem of religion -- Who killed (what) God? -- Atheism and agnosticism -- Eastern perspectives

pt. 2. The concept of God in Judaism

 -- 6. God in the Hebrew scriptures -- Father Abraham -- A surprise visitor -- Promises, promises -- Promises kept -- God of history -- There's more to the story : Moses -- Way down in Egypt land -- God gets a name -- Yahweh the deliverer -- Flagging commitments -- The covenant idea -- A terrifying presence -- Terms of the covenant -- God gets a house -- God of the heroes and kings -- God of the prophets and priests -- 7. God in the Rabbinic tradition -- Leaving the promised land -- Occupied Palestine -- Zealots -- Sadducees -- Pharisees -- Essenes -- Other groups -- Rabbinical schools -- The Hebrew canon -- The Talmud -- The Oral Torah -- Mishnah -- Gemara -- Rashi's commentaries -- Tosafot -- Wrestling with God -- 8. God in Jewish mysticism -- The journey of Rabbi Akiba -- Seeing God -- Origins of Kabbalah -- The Book of Brightness -- Isaac ben Abraham -- Spanish mysticism -- God in the Book of Splendor -- Tikkun Olam (Restoring the world) -- Is mysticism accepted in Judaism? -- 9. God in Jewish thought -- Philo of Alexandria -- Rereading the Torah -- Mystical knowledge of God -- The Logos -- Rabbinical Judaism : challenges and responses -- The Karaites -- Saadia ben Joseph -- Judah Halevi -- The coming of the Faylasufs -- The world of Maimonides -- Jewish thought in modern times -- Baruch Spinoza -- Judische Wissenschaft -- The Haskalah -- 10. God in contemporary Judaism -- Looking for God in the diaspora -- The Sephardim and Mizrachim -- The Ashkenazim -- Hasidism -- Signs of the times -- Reform Judaism -- Conservative Judaism -- Orthodox Judaism -- The Haredim, or ultra-Orthodox -- Secular Judaism -- Judaism and Israel

pt. 3. The concept of God in Christianity

 -- 11. God in the Bible -- Jesus the messenger -- Rethinking the law of Moses -- It's what's inside that counts -- The kingdom of God -- Sin and repentance -- The message of love -- Jesus the minister -- Jews and everyone else -- A gentle healer -- Spiritual warfare -- Passing it on -- Jesus the Messiah -- Jesus foretold -- Early types of Christ -- The incarnation of God -- The meaning of atonement -- He's gone : what's next? -- 12. God in early Christian theology -- Christianity meets Greek culture -- Paul in Ephesus -- Neoplatonism -- Gnosticism -- Three is one -- Initial questions -- Warring camps -- The Nicene vision -- Irreconcilable differences? -- Finding words for God -- Who, exactly, is Jesus? -- Works of Augustine -- Confessions -- The city of God -- 13. God in Christian experience -- The way to God -- Asceticism -- Monasticism -- Sacramentalism -- Mysticism -- Augustine's vision of God -- Theresa's interior castle -- Gifts of the spirit -- Portraits of Jesus -- People, places, and things -- Sacred liturgy, sacred space -- Devotionals -- Pilgrimage -- Material culture -- 14. God in Christian thought -- Faith and reason -- Thomas Aquinas -- Thomism -- Summa theologiae -- Proofs of God's existence -- Questioning faith and reason -- Resurgence of mystery -- Toward a reformation -- Luther's work -- Theologians and mystics -- Disquisition and ecstasy -- Enlightened Christianity -- 15. God in modern Christian theology -- Christian existentialism -- The modern temper -- Kierkegaard's big questions -- From Heidegger to Tillich -- The new theology -- Fundamentalism -- Darwin and his critics -- Doctrines : inerrancy and dispensationalism -- The living spirit -- Process theology -- Liberation theology -- Feminist theology

pt. 4. The concept of God in Islam 

-- 16. God in the Qur'an -- An Arab prophet to the world -- Visitor on Mt. Hira -- A recitation -- Flight to Medina -- Back to Mecca -- Allah in the Qur'an -- Sacred language -- One God for everyone -- Ninety-nine beautiful names -- The straight path -- Meaning of Islam -- Way of the prophet -- Five pillars of faith -- A social vision -- 17. God in the Sunni tradition -- Preserving tradition -- Problems of succession -- Shi'a challenge -- The Umayyads -- The Abbasids -- Islam and Greek philosophy -- The saga of al-Ash'ari -- Emergence of Kalam, or theology -- The emergence of Falsafah, or philosophy -- Abu Nasr al-Farabi -- Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina (a.k.a. Avicenna) -- Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Rushd (a.k.a. Averroës) -- Shari'ah : finding God in Islamic law -- 18. God in the Shi'ite tradition -- Partisans of Ali -- Points of departure -- The extremists -- Twelvers -- Seveners -- Role of Imam -- A guiding light -- Hidden away -- The Ulema -- Divine immanence -- Continuing revelation -- Awaiting the Mahdi -- Unity in the Ummah -- 19. God in Islamic mysticism -- Kernels and shells -- Signs and signposts -- A philosopher's second career -- Early excesses -- Correcting Falsafah -- A crisis of faith -- What al-Ghazzali saw -- The inner path -- Doing mysticism the Sufi way -- Eye of the heart -- Finding God in the Dhikr -- An eclipse of self -- Ibn Arabi -- Sufism and traditional Islam -- 20. God in Islamic renewal movements -- Islam and the West : a thumbnail sketch -- Wahhabism -- Mahdiyya -- Allah for modern times -- Muhammad Abduh -- Indian variations -- The Muslim brotherhood -- In the shade of the Qur'an -- Reform and revolution

pt. 5. The concept of God in Eastern religions

 -- 21. The Vedas and beyond -- Architecture of Hinduism and Buddhism -- God in the Vedas -- Vedic gods -- Gods and people -- The way to heaven -- God in the Upanishads -- The path supreme -- Unity with the one -- The absolute within -- Yoga : the path of God within -- Karma and the variety of human destinies -- 22. God in Hindu tradition -- God in the Gita : more than one path -- Karma yoga : way of works -- Dhyana yoga : way of meditation -- Jnana yoga : way of knowledge -- Bhakti yoga : way of devotion -- Dimensions of divinity -- Trimurti -- Bhakti traditions -- Saguna and Nirguna Brahman -- One, few, and many -- The cosmic cycle -- Hindu metaphysics -- Sankhya -- Shankara -- Ramanuja -- Challenges to tradition -- Jainism -- Buddhism -- Sikhism -- Hinduism today -- 23. God in Buddhist thought and practice -- In the beginning -- The charmed life of Siddhartha Gautama -- Witness to suffering -- Two unfruitful paths -- An awakening -- Reaching Nirvana -- Siddhartha as the Buddha -- Four noble truths -- All life entails suffering -- The cause of suffering is desire -- Removing desire removes suffering -- Follow the eightfold path to remove desire -- The eightfold path -- Rethinking Hindu metaphysics -- Nirvana and God -- Anatta -- Skandas -- Pratitya-Samutpada -- Lingering questions -- 14. God in Buddhist traditions -- Three jewels -- The Buddha -- The Dharma -- The Sangha -- Theravada Buddhism -- One Buddha at a time -- Phases of enlightenment -- Buddhaghosa and the path of purification -- Mahayana Buddhism-- Many Buddhas -- Perfection of wisdom -- Rise of the Bodhisattvas -- Mahayana schools -- Vajrayana : Tantric Buddhism -- Dhyana : Zen Buddhism -- Sukhavati : pure land Buddhism -- 15. God in East Asian religion and philosophy -- Popular belief in China -- Shang-Di : the Lord above -- Heaven -- Yin and Yang -- Ancestor spirits -- Taoism -- Inadequacy of words -- Ultimate reality -- We Wei : no action -- Confucianism -- Confucian virtues -- Legacies of Confucianism -- Mencius and Hsun Tzu -- Neo-Confucianism -- Confucianism and modernity -- I Ching -- East Asian Buddhism -- Japanese visions

pt. 6. Keeping the faith 

-- 26. The case against God in the modern world -- How can we know anything for sure? -- The trouble with proof -- Pascal's wager -- The Cartesian moment -- A scientific revolution -- The advent of atheism -- Scientific naturalism -- The idealists -- Kat to the rescue -- G.W.F. Hegel's absolute spirit -- Atheism's modern architects -- Arthur Schopenhauer : God as an illusion -- Ludwig Feuerbach : God as a projection -- Karl Marx : God as a drug -- Friedrich Nietzsche : God is dead -- A material world : Darwin and Freud -- Scientific study of religion -- 27. Rescuing belief in uncertain times -- The will to believe -- A reason to believe -- Seekers -- Help in times of need -- Meaning in tragedy -- A reason to go on living -- Power for living -- The politicization of God -- Appendixes -- A. Resources -- B. Glossary



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9781592574292Lccn 2005929452Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR)
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Reviewer: youcef lakhmi - favoritefavoritefavoritefavoritefavorite - February 9, 2020
Subject: HELLO
PLEASE I REALLY NEED THIS BOOK IN MY RESEARCH
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