2026/03/18

Eugene H. Peterson - Wikipedia

Eugene H. Peterson - Wikipedia

Eugene H. Peterson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eugene H. Peterson
Peterson speaking in Seattle, 2009
Born
Eugene Hoiland Peterson

November 6, 1932
Stanwood, Washington, US
DiedOctober 22, 2018 (aged 85)
Lakeside, Montana, US
Spouse
Janice Stubbs
 
​
(m. 1958)​
Children3
Ecclesiastical career
ReligionChristianity
ChurchPresbyterian Church (USA)
Academic background
Alma materSeattle Pacific University (BA)
New York Theological Seminary (BST)
Johns Hopkins University (MA)
Influences
Academic work
DisciplineTheology
InstitutionsRegent College
Notable worksThe Message (1993–2002)

Eugene Hoiland Peterson (November 6, 1932 – October 22, 2018) was an American Presbyterian minister, scholar, theologian, author, and poet. He wrote more than 30 books, including the Gold Medallion Book Award–winner The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language (NavPress, 2002),[2] an idiomatic paraphrasing commentary and translation of the Bible into modern American English using a dynamic equivalence translation approach.[3]

Background

Peterson was born on November 6, 1932, in East Stanwood, Washington, and grew up in Kalispell, Montana.[4] He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy from Seattle Pacific University, his Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree from New York Theological Seminary, and his Master of Arts degree in Semitic languages from Johns Hopkins University.[5] He also held several honorary doctoral degrees.[6]

In 1958, Peterson married Jan Stubbs. They had three children.[4]

Career

In 1962, Peterson was a founding pastor of Christ Our King Presbyterian Church (PCUSA) in Bel Air, Maryland, where he served for 29 years before retiring in 1991.[4] He emphasized the message of Jesus as being communal rather than individual in its nature.[7] He was the James M. Houston Professor of Spiritual Theology at Regent College in Vancouver, British Columbia, from 1992 to 1998.[8]

The Message

Peterson is probably best known for The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language.[5] The stated goal of The Message was to make the original meaning more understandable and accessible to the modern reader. Peterson said:

When Paul of Tarsus wrote a letter, the people who received it understood it instantly, When the prophet Isaiah preached a sermon, I can't imagine that people went to the library to figure it out. That was the basic premise under which I worked. I began with the New Testament in the Greek — a rough and jagged language, not so grammatically clean. I just typed out a page the way I thought it would have sounded to the Galatians.[9]

Peterson worked on The Message throughout the 1990s, translating the original Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic texts and paraphrasing them into contemporary American English slang. The translation was published in 2002 and had sold more than 15 million copies by 2018.[4]

Same-sex marriage controversy

In 2017, a Religion News Service interviewer asked Peterson about same-sex marriage, which had been endorsed by his denomination, the Presbyterian Church (USA). Peterson spoke positively of gay and lesbian Christians he had come to know in the past twenty years, and he described homosexuality as "not a right thing or wrong thing." Asked if he would be willing to perform a same-sex wedding ceremony, he replied, "Yes."[10] The interview caused an immediate uproar in conservative Christian circles. LifeWay Christian Books announced plans to stop selling Peterson's works.[11] The following day, however, Peterson published a statement affirming "a biblical view of marriage: one man to one woman" and retracting his affirmative answer to the question about officiating at a same-sex wedding. "I regret the confusion and bombast that this interview has fostered. It has never been my intention to participate in the kind of lightless heat that such abstract, hypothetical comments and conversations generate."[12]

Peterson died the following year. In his 2021 authorized biography, A Burning in My Bones, Winn Collier reported that Peterson's retraction statement had actually been written by Peterson's editor and publisher, and released after Peterson reviewed it. Peterson's son, Eric, doubted that the statement accurately reflected his father's convictions.[13]

Death

Peterson had dementia in his later years.[4] He was hospitalized on October 8, 2018, after his health took an abrupt and dramatic turn. "[It] was caused by infection", said his son Eric Peterson in an email. Peterson had retired from public life in 2017 after publishing his final book, As Kingfishers Catch Fire. This was around the same time as the same-sex controversy around him surfaced. Collier, Peterson's biographer, shared the family's poignant memory from the days leading up to Peterson's death: "During [his final] days, it was apparent that he was navigating the thin and sacred space between earth and heaven. We overheard him speaking to people we can only presume were welcoming him into paradise." The family also commented how "[t]here may have even been a time or two when he accessed his Pentecostal roots and spoke in tongues as well." Peterson remained "joyful and smiling" in his final days.[14]

Peterson died at his home in Lakeside, Montana, on October 22, 2018, at the age of 85, a week after entering hospice care for complications related to congestive heart failure.[4][15]

Books

  • Growing Up in Christ: A Guide for Families with Adolescents (John Knox, 1976); then as Growing Up with Your Teenager (F. H. Revell, 1987); and then, with an additional chapter, as Like Dew Your Youth: Growing Up with Your Teenager (Eerdmans, 1994)
  • A Year with the Psalms: 365 Meditations and Prayers (Word Books, 1979); revised as Praying with the Psalms: A Year of Daily Prayers and Reflections on the Words of David (HarperCollins, 1994)
  • Five Smooth Stones for Pastoral Work (John Knox, 1980); then by (Eerdmans, 1992)
  • A Long Obedience in the Same Direction: Discipleship in an Instant Society (InterVarsity, 1980)
  • Traveling Light: Reflections on the Free Life (InterVarsity, 1982); then as Traveling Light: Modern Meditations on St. Paul's Letter of Freedom (Helmers & Howard Publishing, 1988)
  • Run with the Horses: The Quest for Life at Its Best (InterVarsity, 1983)
  • Earth and Altar: The Community of Prayer in a Self-Bound Society (Paulist Press/ InterVarsity, 1985); then as Where Your Treasure Is: Psalms that Summon You from Self to Community (Eerdmans, 1993)
  • Forces Concealed in Quiet: Meditations from the Writings of John the Apostle [Gospel of John, 1-3 John, and Revelation] (Thomas Nelson, 1985)
  • Working the Angles: The Shape of Pastoral Integrity (Eerdmans, 1987)
  • Reversed Thunder: The Revelation of John and the Praying Imagination (Harper & Row, 1988)
  • Answering God: The Psalms as Tools for Prayer (Harper & Row, 1989)
  • The Contemplative Pastor: Returning to the Art of Spiritual Direction. The Leadership Library, vol. 17 (Christianity Today/Word, 1989); then (Eerdmans, 1993)
  • Under the Unpredictable Plant: An Exploration in Vocational Holiness (Eerdmans, 1992)
  • Subversive Spirituality (Eerdmans, 1994); then eds. Jim Lyster, John Sharon, Peter Santucci (Eerdmans/Regent College, 1997)
  • Take and Read: Spiritual Reading, An Annotated List (Eerdmans, 1996); then published jointly (Eerdmans/Regent College, 2000)
  • Living the Message: Daily Reflections with Eugene H. Peterson, ed. Janice Stubbs Peterson (HarperSanFrancisco, 1996)
  • Leap Over a Wall: Earthy Spirituality for Everyday Christians (HarperCollins, 1997)
  • The Wisdom of Each Other: A Conversation between Spiritual Friends (Zondervan, 1998)
  • First and Second Samuel. Westminster Bible Companion, eds. Patrick D. Miller and David L. Bartlett (Westminster John Knox, 1999)
  • The Unnecessary Pastor: Rediscovering the Call. Co-authored by Marva J. Dawn, ed. Peter Santucci (Eerdmans/ Regent College, 2000)
  • The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language (NavPress, 2002)
  • The Christmas Troll (NavPress, 2004).
  • Christ Plays in Ten Thousand Places: A Conversation in Spiritual Theology (Eerdmans, 2005)
  • Eat This Book: A Conversation in the Art of Spiritual Reading (Eerdmans, 2006)
  • Living the Resurrection: The Risen Christ in an Everyday Life (NavPress, 2006)
  • The Jesus Way: A Conversation on the Ways That Jesus Is the Way (Eerdmans, 2007)
  • Conversations: The Message with its Translator (NavPress, 2007); as The Message Study Bible: Capturing the Notes and Reflections of Eugene H. Peterson (NavPress, 2012)
  • Tell It Slant: A Conversation on the Language of Jesus in His Stories and Prayers (Eerdmans, 2008)
  • Practice Resurrection: A Conversation on Growing Up in Christ (Eerdmans, 2010)
  • The Pastor: A Memoir (HarperOne, 2011)
  • Holy Luck (Eerdmans, 2013)
  • As Kingfishers Catch Fire: A Conversation on the Ways of God Formed by the Words of God (WaterBrook, 2017)
  • Every Step an Arrival: A 90-Day Devotional for Exploring God's Word (WaterBrook, 2018)
  • Letters to a Young Pastor. With Eric Peterson (NavPress, 2020)
  • This Hallelujah Banquet: How the End of What We Were Reveals Who We Can Be (WaterBrook, 2021)
  • On Living Well: Brief Reflections on Wisdom for Walking in the Way of Jesus (WaterBrook, 2021)
  • Lights a Lovely Mile: Collected Sermons of the Church Year (WaterBrook, 2023)

Praying with the Bible series

References

  1.  "Eugene Peterson obituary - from Canada, with love".
  2.  "Christian Book Award® - ECPA". www.ecpa.org. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  3.  "Introduction to the New Testament, from The Message". Retrieved June 3, 2008.
  4.  McFadden, Robert D. (October 24, 2018). "Eugene Peterson, Pastor Who Rejected Mass Marketing of Religion, Dies at 85". The New York Times. p. B12. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  5.  Rowe, Megan (October 22, 2018). "Eugene Peterson, Pastor and Author of Layman's Version of Bible, dies at 85". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  6.  "Regent College faculty page". Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
  7.  Diane Stinton. (Fall 1998). "Mary of Nazareth". Priscilla Papers. Vol. 12, no. 4, p. 8. JSTOR Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  8.  "Remembering Eugene Peterson". Regent College. October 22, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  9.  Kelly, Clint. "Eugene Peterson: The Story Behind The Message". Lifeway. Archived from the original on June 9, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  10.  "Eugene Peterson on changing his mind about same-sex issues and marriage". Religion News Service. July 12, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
  11.  "Lifeway Poised to Pull "The Message" From Shelves Over Eugene Peterson's View of Homosexuality". Church Leaders. July 13, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
  12.  "Popular author Eugene Peterson: Actually, I would not perform a gay marriage". Washington Post. July 13, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
  13.  "Eugene Peterson authorized biography backs up that 'yes' on LGBTQ inclusion". Religion News Service. March 15, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
  14.  Collier, Winn (2021). A Burning in My Bones: The Authorized Biography of Eugene H. Peterson. WaterBrook. p. 300. ISBN 978-1788932035.
  15.  "Eugene Peterson Is Now Living the Resurrection". October 22, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
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The Message (Bible) - Wikipedia

The Message (Bible) - Wikipedia

The Message (Bible)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Message
Full nameThe Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language
AbbreviationMSG
NT published1993
Complete Bible
published		2002
Translation typeExtreme Paraphrase and Dynamic Interpretive
Revision2018
PublisherNavPress
CopyrightTHE MESSAGE: The Bible in Contemporary Language copyright © 1993, 2002, 2018 by Eugene H. Peterson. All rights reserved.
Religious affiliationPresbyterian[1]
Websitemessagebible.com
Genesis 1:1–3
John 3:16

The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language (MSG) is a paraphrase of the Bible in contemporary English. It was authored by Eugene H. Peterson, and was published in segments from 1993 to 2002.[2] The initial press run for the 2002 publication was 500,000, with 320,000 of those copies sold in advance.[3]

A Catholic version, The Message – Catholic / Ecumenical Edition, was published in 2013.[4]

Features

According to the Introduction to the New Testament of The Message, its "contemporary idiom keeps the language of the Message (Bible) current and fresh and understandable".[5] Peterson notes that in the course of the project, he realized this was exactly what he had been doing in his thirty-five years as a pastor, "always looking for an English way to make the biblical text relevant to the conditions of the people".[5]

Translation consultants

The publisher states: "Peterson's work has been thoroughly reviewed by a team of recognized Old and New Testament scholars to ensure that it is accurate and faithful to the original languages."[6]

Old Testament team:[6]

  • Robert L. Hubbard Jr., North Park Theological Seminary (chair)
  • Richard E. Averbeck, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School
  • Bryan E. Beyer, Columbia International University
  • Lamar E. Cooper Sr., Criswell College
  • Peter E. Enns, Eastern University
  • Duane A. Garrett, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
  • Donald R. Glenn, Dallas Theological Seminary
  • Paul R. House, Beeson Divinity School, Samford University
  • V. Philips Long, Regent College
  • Tremper Longman, Westmont College
  • John N. Oswalt, Asbury Theological Seminary
  • Richard L. Pratt Jr., Reformed Theological Seminary, Third Mill Ministries
  • John H. Walton, Wheaton College
  • Prescott H. Williams Jr., Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary
  • Marvin R. Wilson, Gordon College

New Testament team:[6]

  • William W. Klein, Denver Seminary (chair)
  • Darrell L. Bock, Dallas Theological Seminary
  • Donald A. Hagner, Fuller Theological Seminary
  • Moises Silva, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
  • Rodney A. Whitacre, Trinity School of Ministry

Catholic version

Deuterocanonical book translator:[7]

  • William Griffin, St. Lawrence Seminary

Comparison to other translations

The Message was translated by Peterson from the original languages.[2] It is a highly idiomatic translation, using contemporary slang from the US rather than a more neutral International English, and it falls on the extreme dynamic end of the dynamic and formal equivalence spectrum. Some scholars, like Michael J. Gorman, consider some of Peterson's idiomatic renderings unconventional.[8] The work was awarded the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association Gold Medallion in 2003 for being the title retailers prized.[9][10]

Psalm 23:1-4

New International Version:

1 The LORD is my shepherd, I lack nothing.
2 He makes me lie down in green pastures,
he leads me beside quiet waters,
3 he refreshes my soul.
He guides me along the right paths
    for his name’s sake.
4 Even though I walk
    through the darkest valley,
I will fear no evil,
    for you are with me;
your rod and your staff,
    they comfort me.

King James Version:

1 The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.
2 He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters.
3 He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake.
4 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.

The Living Bible:

1 Because the Lord is my Shepherd, I have everything I need!
2-3 He lets me rest in the meadow grass and leads me beside the quiet streams. He gives me new strength. He helps me do what honors him the most.
4 Even when walking through the dark valley of death I will not be afraid, for you are close beside me, guarding, guiding all the way.

The Message:

1–3 GOD, my shepherd!
    I don’t need a thing.
You have bedded me down in lush meadows,
    you find me quiet pools to drink from.
True to your word,
    you let me catch my breath
    and send me in the right direction.
4 Even when the way goes through
    Death Valley,
I’m not afraid
    when you walk at my side.
Your trusty shepherd’s crook
    makes me feel secure.

Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:9-13)

See also: History of the Lord's Prayer in English

New International Version:

9 "This, then, is how you should pray:
'Our Father in heaven,
hallowed be your name,
10 your kingdom come,
your will be done,
    on earth as it is in heaven.
11 Give us today our daily bread.
12 And forgive us our debts,
    as we also have forgiven our debtors.
13 And lead us not into temptation,
    but deliver us from the evil one.'"

King James Version:

9 After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.
10 Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.
11 Give us this day our daily bread.
12 And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.

The Living Bible:

9 "Pray along these lines: 'Our Father in heaven, we honor your holy name.
10 We ask that your kingdom will come now. May your will be done here on earth, just as it is in heaven.
11 Give us our food again today, as usual,
12 and forgive us our sins, just as we have forgiven those who have sinned against us.
13 Don't bring us into temptation, but deliver us from the Evil One. Amen.'

The Message:

7–13
[...]
Our Father in heaven,
Reveal who you are.
Set the world right;
Do what's best—
    as above, so below.
Keep us alive with three square meals.
Keep us forgiven with you and forgiving others.
Keep us safe from ourselves and the Devil.
You're in charge!
You can do anything you want!
You're ablaze in beauty!
    Yes. Yes. Yes.

Editions

Old Testament:

New Testament:

Entire Bible:

Criticisms

The Message has faced criticism regarding its faithfulness to original Hebrew and Greek Bible manuscripts and its perceived incorporation of terminology and themes associated with the New Age movement.[12]

New Age undertones

Critics argue that The Message exhibits New Age undertones, drawing parallels to concepts influenced by Hermeticism and other metaphysical philosophies propagated by figures like Helena Blavatsky and the early Theosophical Society, which significantly shaped New Age spirituality.[13][14][15][16]

One notable point of contention is Peterson's inclusion of the Hermetic phrase "As above, so below" within the Lord's Prayer in Matthew 6:9–13. Warren Smith, a former New Age follower, highlights that this phrase, widely used in New Age circles with metaphysical connotations, replaces the traditional "heaven and earth" in The Message.[17]

Furthermore, The Message consistently translates the Greek word Kyrios as "Master Jesus" instead of "Lord Jesus" throughout the New Testament.[18] In Theosophical and New Age thought, "Master Jesus" is frequently understood as one of many "ascended masters"—enlightened beings believed to offer guidance to humanity.[19][20]

The phrase "the One" is also used approximately one hundred times in The Message to refer to Jesus and God.[21] In various New Age belief systems, "the One" commonly denotes a pantheistic concept of God, where divinity permeates all things, implying a single interconnected unity.[22]

Several passages in The Message have been identified as potentially reflecting a New Age pantheistic view of God. For instance, its rendering of Ephesians 4:6 states:

Ephesians 4:6 (emphasis added)
Literal translationThe Message Bible
one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all[23]one God and Father of all, who rules over all, works through all, and is present in all. Everything you are and think and do is permeated with Oneness.[24]

While traditional Christian interpretations of Ephesians 4:6 typically refer to God's presence in Christian believers through the Holy Spirit,[25] The Message's addition of "Everything you are and think and do is permeated with Oneness" is seen by Smith (2019) as aligning with a pantheistic understanding of God's presence in all things.[26] "Oneness" itself is a term frequently used in New Age contexts to describe a pantheistic view of God.[27]

Inaccuracies

Critics also point to instances where The Message significantly deviates from original biblical texts, leading to what they consider inaccuracies.

An example is its interpretation of Galatians 5:22–23:

Galatians 5:22-23 (emphasis added)
Literal translationThe Message Bible
But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness.[28]We develop willingness to stick with things, a sense of compassion in the heart, and a conviction that a basic holiness permeates things and people.[29]

The Message's addition of "a conviction that a basic holiness permeates things and people" is argued to contradict the biblical perspective on human sinfulness.[12]

Another example is Romans 15:13, where The Message uses phrases like "the God of green hope" and "life-giving energy":

Romans 15:13 (emphasis added)
Literal translationThe Message Bible
And may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that by the power of the Holy Spirit you may abound in hope.[30]Oh! May the God of green hope fill you up with joy, fill you up with peace, so that your believing lives, filled with the life-giving energy of the Holy Spirit, will brim over with hope![31]

These phrases have been suggested to reflect New Age beliefs in nature deities, such as Gaia, often associated with the color green and believed to provide 'life-giving energy.'[32][33]

Reactions to criticisms

The Christian evangelical organization Reachout Trust advises against the use of The Message for "all Bible-believing Christians and anyone exploring or studying Christianity."[12] Conversely, theologian Mike Frost suggests that while The Message is not an accurate translation, its contemporary style can serve as a useful gateway to more serious Bible study.[34]

References

  1.  "Bible Translation Spectrum". Logos Bible Software Wiki. Archived from the original on January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  2.  "Version Information". Bible Gateway. Archived from the original on July 25, 2009. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  3.  Laceky, Tom (August 3, 2002). "Book gets "The Message' out". The Greenville News. Associated Press. p. 4 B. Retrieved June 23, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  4.  "The Message - Catholic / Ecumenical Edition". The Message - Catholic / Ecumenical Edition. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  5.  "Introduction to the New Testament, from The Message". Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  6.  "What's Unique about THEMESSAGE". messagebible.com. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  7.  "Catholics get 'The Message' in new edition of Bible". National Catholic Reporter. 2014-07-26. Retrieved 2020-01-17. Griffin said he used the Catholic-approved New Latin Vulgate as the basis for his translations.
  8.  Gorman, Michael J. (2008). Elements of Biblical Exegesis: A Basic Guide for Students and Ministers. Baker Books. p. 51. ISBN 9781441232830. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  9.  "About Christian Book Award". Christian Book Awards Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  10.  Robert D. McFadden. (23 October 2018). "Eugene H. Peterson, 85, Scholar Turned Homespun Pastor, Dies". New York Times website Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  11.  "2006 Christian Book Awards Winners - Bibles category". Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  12.  "The Message". Reachout Trust: Building a Bridge of Reason. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  13.  Hao Chin, Vicente. "Hermeticism". Theosophy World Encyclopaedia.
  14.  Prophet, Erin (4 April 2018). "Hermetic Influences on the Evolutionary System of Helena Blavatsky's Theosophy". Gnosis: Journal of Gnostic Studies,3,1.
  15.  Bevir, Mark (1994). "The West Turns Eastward: Madame Blavatsy and the Transformation of the Occult Tradition". Journal of the American Academy of Religion,62,1.
  16.  Hammer, Olav (2013). "Theosophical Elements in New Age Religion". Handbook of the Theosophical Current.
  17.  Smith, Warren (2005). Deceived on Purpose The New Age Implications of the Purpose-Driven Church. United States: Mountain Stream Press. p. 30.
  18.  Shown using the Keyword Search facility at: https://www.biblegateway.com. Compare searches for Master Jesus and Lord Jesus in The Message.
  19.  "Ascended Master". Encyclopedia.com.
  20.  Bailey, Alice A, A Treatise on Cosmic Fire (Section Three - Division A - Certain Basic Statements), 1932, Lucis Trust, 1925, p. 1237.
  21.  Shown using the Keyword Search facility at: https://www.biblegateway.com. See for example a search for the One in John's Gospel in The Message.
  22.  Groothuis, Douglas (1986). Unmasking the New Age. United States: Inter-Varsity Press. p. 19.
  23.  "Ephesians 4:6 Interlinear". Bible Hub.
  24.  "Ephesians 4:6". The Message Bible: The Bible in Contemporary Language.
  25.  "Ephesians 4:6 Commentaries". Bible Hub.
  26.  Smith, Warren (2019). Eugene Peterson's Mixed Message Subversive Bible for a New Age. United States: Lighthouse Trails.
  27.  New Age works that incorporate the term "Oneness" in their titles include: Rasha (2008) Oneness, Earthstar Press; E. Tolle (2018) Oneness With All Life, Penguin Books; J. S. Goldsmith (1967) Realization of Oneness: the practice of spiritual healing, Citadel Press.
  28.  "Galatians 5:22-23 Interlinear". Bible Hub.
  29.  "Galatians 5:22-23". The Message Bible: The Bible in Contemporary Language.
  30.  "Romans 15:13 Interlinear". Bible Hub.
  31.  "Romans 15:13". The Message Bible: The Bible in Contemporary Language.
  32.  Scofield, Joseph. "Elements from other faiths". The Message Bible and the New Age Movement.
  33.  Gaia Staff. "What Does Gaia Mean?". Gaia.com. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  34.  Frost, Michael. "Is The Message as bad as they all say?". Retrieved 29 June 2025.
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