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The Best of All Possible Worlds: A Story of Philosophers, God, and Evil by [Steven Nadler]
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In the spring of 1672, the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz arrived in Paris on a furtive diplomatic mission. That project was abandoned quickly, but Leibniz remained in Paris with a singular goal: to get the most out of the city's intellectual and cultural riches. He benefited, above all, from his friendships with France's two greatest philosopher-theologians of the period, Antoine Arnauld and Nicolas de Malebranche. The interactions of these three men would prove of great consequence not only for Leibniz's own philosophy but for the development of modern philosophical and religious thought.

Despite their wildly different views and personalities, the three philosophers shared a single, passionate concern: resolving the problem of evil. Why is it that, in a world created by an allpowerful, all-wise, and infinitely just God, there is sin and suffering? Why do bad things happen to good people, and good things to bad people?

This is the story of a clash between radically divergent worldviews. But it is also a very personal story. At its heart are the dramatic—and often turbulent—relationships between three brilliant and resolute individuals. In this lively and engaging book, Steven Nadler brings to life a debate that obsessed its participants, captivated European intellectuals, and continues to inform our ways of thinking about God, morality, and the world.

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October 28, 2008
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Editorial Reviews
From Publishers Weekly
The centerpiece of this intellectual history is a vicious late-17th-century debate between three unlikely combatants: Leibniz, an amateur metaphysicist and German secret agent; Malebranche, a gentle French priest and theologian; and Arnauld, an ill-tempered and opinionated monk. The differences in their positions were slight but important: at stake was the very concept of God with potential implications for the territorial wars between various Catholic Church sects. Although the three men were concentrating on questions that had long been the subject of philosophical inquiry, new scientific discoveries were beginning to challenge the power invested in church and monarchy in what became a watershed moment. Nadler (Rembrandt's Jews) demonstrates why the contentious discussions between the three intellectuals remain relevant: "To the extent that one believes that there is a universal rationality and objectivity to moral and other value judgments, and that the foundations of ethics have nothing to do with what God may or may not want, one has followed in certain seventeenth-century footsteps." Nadler's superb study makes for a larger space for Leibniz, Malebranche and Arnauld alongside such giants of the period as Descartes and Spinoza. (Nov.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Review



“Nadler has written a most interesting book. With a rather novelistic flow, it engages the personal circumstances and concepts of three Cartesians.” —M. A. Bertman, Choice

“I can't imagine a better guide to 17th-century philosophical thought. Aimed at the general public, The Best of All Possible Worlds is written simply and clearly, without condescension, flashiness or over-simplification. But it's a demanding book nonetheless, and you need to pay attention. You'll be amply rewarded if you do.”—Michael Dirda, The Washington Post

“Nadler’s superb study makes for a larger space for Leibniz, Malebranche and Arnauld alongside such giants of the period as Descartes and Spinoza.”—Publisher’s Weekly

“In a quietly elegant way, Nadler brings to life three remarkable philosophers and an intellectual world that vanished long ago but whose concerns continue to resonate. Why do good things happen to bad people? Why is the world the way it is? What or who is God? Leibniz, Arnauld, and Malebranche pursued these questions with a passion and intensity that Nadler nimbly captures.”   —Matthew Stewart, author of The Courtier and the Heretic: Leibniz, Spinoza, and the Fate of God in the Modern World




--This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
From The Washington Post
From The Washington Post's Book World/washingtonpost.com Reviewed by Michael Dirda Many are likely to know just two facts about the great polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716): first, that he and Newton independently discovered calculus at roughly the same time, then argued over who should get the credit (Newton won); and, second, that he maintained that ours was "the best of all possible worlds," a phrase much mocked in Voltaire's sparkling philosophical satire Candide. If people know anything further about this German thinker, it's likely to be that he spent his life trying to effect a reconciliation between Protestantism and Catholicism and that he postulated the existence of invisible, atom-like "monads" as the metaphysical building blocks of the universe. Poor Leibniz! For all his genius, he seems destined to be overshadowed by others, whether Newton, Voltaire or Spinoza (whom he visited, admired and disputed with) or, as Steven Nadler shows in The Best of All Possible Worlds, even by half-forgotten French priests. Of course, Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715) and Antoine Arnauld (1612-1694) weren't simple provincial curates; they were, at least for the generation following the death of Descartes, France's strongest theological thinkers (excepting perhaps Pascal, who strangely enough barely figures in Nadler's book). Both Frenchmen knew the young Leibniz during his long stay in Paris, and all three corresponded with one another for decades afterward. Their lifelong, and sometimes heated, arguments about the nature of God form the basis of this engrossing book. Nadler makes clear the importance of their debate: "What was at stake was nothing less than the meaning of existence, the understanding of why things are as they are. The choice was clear: either the universe is ultimately an arbitrary product, the effect of an indifferent will guided by no objective values and subject to no independent canons of reason or goodness; or it is the result of wisdom, intelligible to its core and informed by a rationality and a sense of value that are, in essence, not very different from our own; or (to mention the most terrifying possibility of all) it simply is, necessary through its causes and transparent to the investigations of metaphysics and science but essentially devoid of any meaning or value whatsoever." The attempt to justify the ways of God to men -- theodicy, a term coined by Leibniz -- lies at the heart of the matter: "Why is there any evil at all in God's creation?" Essentially, Leibniz's answer is: Consider the whole. Explains Nadler, "It is not that everything will turn out for the best for me or for anyone else in particular. Nor is it necessarily the case that any other possible world would have been worse for me or for anyone else. Rather, Leibniz claims that any other possible world is worse overall than this one, regardless of any single person's fortunes in it." What is good for the whole isn't necessarily good for every one of its individual parts or components. As Nadler emphasizes, summarizing Leibniz, "all things are connected and every single aspect of the world makes a contribution to its being the best world." That includes what we call evil. However, Leibniz offers no explanation of just how evil assists the overall goodness of things. (Sometimes he even seems to suggest that it serves to bring the good into greater relief.) We cannot penetrate so far into the Creator's mind or plan. Still "it is inconceivable . . . that an infinitely good and perfect God could choose anything less than the best." This conclusion may satisfy a devout Christian philosopher, but it offers scant consolation when we are in pain, or see the wicked succeed and the worthy fail, or when we face death. Malebranche refined Leibniz's view by imagining that God needed to establish a world that wouldn't require constant adjustment or interference, one that ran on its own, following what He had determined were the simplest, most efficient general principles. Thus, "the actual world is not the most perfect world absolutely speaking; rather, it is only the most perfect world possible relative to those maximally simple laws." In other words, even God compromises. Our world could be better "but only at the cost of the simplicity of the means." Instead, Malebranche's Creator "wills to accomplish as much justice and goodness as He possibly can, not absolutely but consistent with the simplest laws." As Nadler emphasizes, to Malebranche "God . . . is more committed to acting in a general way and to a nature governed by the simplest laws than He is to the well-being of individuals." His "general volitions," as Malebranche dubs these cosmic rules, take precedence over "particular volitions," which are essentially those infrequent violations of the natural order that we call miracles. So it is in the established nature of things for it to rain, and sometimes the parched land receives needed water and sometimes rivers overflow. God isn't going to spend all his time constantly adjusting the weather and a zillion other phenomena just because the results aren't what the locals want or like. What Arnauld objects to in Malebranche (and also in Leibniz) is the supposition that God's nature is like humankind's and that our human intellects can have access to the divine wisdom. God, Arnauld believes, is utterly alien to us -- "a hidden God," to use a Jansenist catchphrase -- and to imagine him making logical decisions, or weighing the pluses and minuses of contrasting worlds, is absurd, nothing but anthropomorphism. (As Spinoza once observed, "a triangle, if it could speak would . . . say that God is eminently triangular, and a circle that God's nature is eminently circular.") In fact, men and women are by their lesser natures incapable of making sense of God or his mysterious ways, and all these presumptuous attempts at theodicy are doomed to failure. God wanted to make the world and so He did, and there's an end to it. In essence, Leibniz believes in God's goodness and wisdom, and Malebranche further emphasizes His rationality, but to Arnauld God is simply pure, omnipotent will. Which God you believe in matters: "Do we inhabit a cosmos that is fundamentally intelligible because its creation is grounded in a rational decision informed by certain absolute values? Is the world's existence the result of a reasonable act of creation and the expression of an infinite wisdom? Or, on the other hand, is the universe ultimately a nonrational, even arbitrary piece of work? . . . Does the origin of things lie in an indifferent action -- an apparently capricious exercise of causal power -- by a Creator who cannot possibly be motivated by reasons because His will finds no reasons independent of itself? In short, does the universe exist by ratio or by voluntas, by wisdom or power?" There's much more detail, and much greater subtlety, in Nadler's account of these differing theological views of God and His universe. (For instance, Spinoza contributes the further twist that "this is not the best of all possible worlds; it is the only possible world.") Of course, Leibniz, Malebranche and Arnauld all posit a Christian God of some sort, and their arguments may seem quaint to rationalists of a largely secular age. But to those who believe in, or simply wonder about, a God-governed universe, these three 17th-century thinkers raise serious and perennially fascinating questions: Is God moral and rational or completely arbitrary, even capricious? Is it wrong to kill only because God says so, or are there absolute moral values (as Kant would argue in establishing the categorical imperative, his variant on the Golden Rule)? And, to be almost bathetic, if God gives us grace to withstand temptation, why does he sometimes fail to give us enough? Besides this new book, Steven Nadler is the author of a magisterial biography of Spinoza, which I have read and recommend, and of impressive-sounding academic books on Arnauld and Malebranche, which I've only heard of. I can't imagine a better guide to 17th-century philosophical thought. Aimed at the general public, The Best of All Possible Worlds is written simply and clearly, without condescension, flashiness or over-simplification. But it's a demanding book nonetheless, and you need to pay attention. You'll be amply rewarded if you do.
Copyright 2008, The Washington Post. All Rights Reserved. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
About the Author


Steven Nadler is the William H. Hay II Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he has been teaching since 1988. His books include Spinoza:  A Life, winner of the Koret Jewish Book Award in 2000, and Rembrandt’s Jews, which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 2004.



--This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Review
"The Best of All Possible Worlds is a wonderfully engaging book. Nadler, with his characteristic clarity, has produced a true and rare philosophical page-turner."―Michael Della Rocca, Yale University --This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.
From the Back Cover
"The Best of All Possible Worlds is a wonderfully engaging book. Nadler, with his characteristic clarity, has produced a true and rare philosophical page-turner."--Michael Della Rocca, Yale University

--This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.
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Product details
ASIN ‏ : ‎ B0052Z5W5Q
Publisher ‏ : ‎ Farrar, Straus and Giroux (October 28, 2008)
Publication date ‏ : ‎ October 28, 2008
Language ‏ : ‎ English
File size ‏ : ‎ 1327 KB
Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
Sticky notes ‏ : ‎ On Kindle Scribe
Print length ‏ : ‎ 313 pages
Best Sellers Rank: #482,326 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
#56 in Modern Renaissance Philosophy
#125 in Biographies of Philosophers (Kindle Store)
#204 in History & Surveys of Philosophy
Customer Reviews: 4.4 out of 5 stars    28 ratings
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possible worlds best of all possible world is the best steven nadler philosophy spinoza particular philosophers century philosophical catholic descartes theodicy view among intellectual period questions radical rationality

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toronto
5.0 out of 5 stars the best of all possible books on this subject
Reviewed in the United States on March 12, 2013
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This is a brilliant book, drawn from Nadler's extensive works on Spinoza, Malebranche, and so on. It is a model of what a book like this should be: thematically tight, beautifully written, and something that enables the reader to plunge into what seems to be a horribly esoteric subject (possible worlds is a hot topic in many areas). Like "The Courtier and the Heretic" it is one of a few books that weaves together philosophy and personal history in a very readable way. It is true that the reader needs to have some background in the period (some familiarity on a basic level with Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz; as well as some basic acquaintance with Lutheran/Catholic debates over the status of transubstantion), but not a huge amount (in fact, one of the benefits of a background in the period is to increase one's appreciation of how Nadler is able to condense and describe the most difficult philosophy in such deft ways (the three or four pages on Spinoza are a marvel of compression)). While the book's main theme is possible worlds, it very quickly escalates into the nature of rationality, the ontological status of ethical rules, the nature of evil (the theodicy problem) and so on. Every turn of the argument, which appears on the surface to be about obscure 17th century discussions of faith and grace, raises a raft of contemporary questions.

This period (the 1670s-1710s) is generally understudied (though it has revived over the past few years with the controversy over Jonathan Israel's work on the Radical Enlightenment). Paul Hazard's masterpiece, the European Mind, from a long time ago covers this terrain (supplemented more recently by Margaret Jacob, and at least the first volume of Israel's trilogy, Radical Enlightenment). There is also a Cambridge Companion to Malebranche (edited by Nadler), which can be recommended.

One of the interesting sidelights in this book that Nadler doesn't develop is the connection between Malebranche's views on God and the tension between the requirements of simplicity/fecundity, and the debate over Darwinism.


No praise is too high for this book.
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David E. Rockett
5.0 out of 5 stars Really...God's Best Possible World?
Reviewed in the United States on October 27, 2020
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Turns out, author Stephen King persuaded me to read The Best of All Worlds...inadvertently! I heard first of Leibniz per the Newton-calculus debate...following up on this amazing Polymath (likely Wikipedia?) stumbling upon his Theodicy. This was extra gravy since I'm theologically minded. My Amazon book search brought me to Nadler's book. I sat on it for several years, only to watch King's 11-22-'63 book TV series, a time travel where the foiled assassination of JFK does not turn out as great as you'd expect. Of course, foiling the worst of history (Hitler, Stalin, Mao) would for certain make all things better...right? [Gotta watch Kings 11-22-'63 TV "Theodicy Series"!]
After reading and marking Nadler's wonderful book, I'd looked forward to writing a great review. But after reading the reviews above...I can NOT improve on them. It was...IS a great book and they reviewed it well. Don't miss it...you won't be sorry!
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New Prepper
5.0 out of 5 stars Possible Dedicatory Book to local library.
Reviewed in the United States on July 24, 2018
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There seems to have been a mix-up in my order. I ordered one copy and got two. I received an email telling me that this book's delivery estimate had changed from today to Thursday. I received one yesterday and one today. I may dedicate the second copy to the Mt. Carmel Public Library to my Uncle Warren Altomare who was the Voice of Mt. Carmel's Tornado Football team and was a member of the Lion's Club.
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Emilee
5.0 out of 5 stars Exciting Read
Reviewed in the United States on April 30, 2014
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This book was a required reading for a Modern Philosophy class that I took. Normally, required readings are just a drag to get through but this work was engaging all the way front to back. Steven Nadler is a very good story teller but he is still able to convey interesting insights onto the lives of Spinoza, Leibniz, etc. I would recommend this book to anyone who is interested in philosophy and desires to know more about the inter-workings of philosophers' lives and wants to learn about lesser known philosophers like Malebranche and Spinoza. The book is exciting and yet extremely informative and engaging with the mind.
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a reader
5.0 out of 5 stars very good history
Reviewed in the United States on January 7, 2009
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I read many of these primary sources many years ago as a philosophy major. Nadler has done a superb job of weaving philosophy, history, biography into an immensely good read. He shows relations among the philosphers he covers and their arguments that I never noticed before. I sell most of the books I buy on Amazon after I read them, but this one is a keeper.
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Michael
3.0 out of 5 stars comprehensive
Reviewed in the United States on July 21, 2013
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Many facts and connections between philosophers; the author's grasp of times and places is beyond impressive, but he offers few insights.
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Avinesh
5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
Reviewed in the United States on October 29, 2014
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A bit long winded but still a good introduction to mostly Leibniz and rather little on Voltaire or others.
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Anne, London
5.0 out of 5 stars Fantastic for researching a book on the morality of AI and the metaverse
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 26, 2022
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Wish there was more debate like this now (maybe without the fear of death)
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The Best of All Possible Worlds: A Story of Philosophers, God, and Evil


Steven Nadler

3.88
137 ratings27 reviews

In the spring of 1672, the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz arrived in Paris on a furtive diplomatic mission. That project was abandoned quickly, but Leibniz remained in Paris with a singular goal: to get the most out of the city’s intellectual and cultural riches. He benefited, above all, from his friendships with France’s two greatest philosopher-theologians of the period, Antoine Arnauld and Nicolas de Malebranche. The interactions of these three men would prove of great consequence not only for Leibniz’s own philosophy but for the development of modern philosophical and religious thought. Despite their wildly different views and personalities, the three philosophers shared a single, passionate concern: resolving the problem of evil. Why is it that, in a world created by an allpowerful, all-wise, and infinitely just God, there is sin and suffering? Why do bad things happen to good people, and good things to bad people? This is the story of a clash between radically divergent worldviews. But it is also a very personal story. At its heart are the dramatic—and often turbulent—relationships between three brilliant and resolute individuals. In this lively and engaging book, Steven Nadler brings to life a debate that obsessed its participants, captivated European intellectuals, and continues to inform our ways of thinking about God, morality, and the world.

GenresPhilosophyHistoryNonfictionBiographyReligionGodTheology



320 pages, Hardcover

First published October 28, 2008
Original title
The Best of All Possible Worlds: A Story of Philosophers, God, and Evil



This edition
Format
320 pages, Hardcover

Published
October 28, 2008 by Farrar Straus Giroux

Community Reviews

3.88
Noah Goats
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October 3, 2020
This book is a reminder that many of the things we care about today, issues that are flash points that lead to fierce debates and destroyed friendships, will likely seem meaningless to future generations. The intellectual struggle to explain why god acts the way he does, and why he created the earth the way he did – this epic debate between Leibniz, Malebranche, and Arnauld – can elicit nothing more from the reader than a shrug today. Nadler does a good job of telling the story and explaining the issues... but really, who cares anymore?

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Kristopher
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January 12, 2009
A fascinating, brilliantly researched, fun read on what might be one of the most interesting time periods in philosophy. Nadler does a masterful job of making accessible the complex philosophical approaches of three lesser-known, but important figures of the 17th century, placing the debate firmly in a broader socio-historical context. While having a background in (at least Descartes, maybe the early-modern period more broadly) made this a quick read, I could see that not having familiarity with the issues might make this slightly less accessible, but the extensive and insightful end-notes, I think aid in both understanding and in providing options for further research/reading once the book is complete. Furthermore, Nadler does a nice job in showing how the issues about which these theological-philosophers wrestled are still pertinent to philosophers, theologians, and everyone else to this day, effectively pointing out that this endeavor is not merely a pedantic anachronism. Absolutely wonderful.

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Drink up
883 reviews55 followers

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August 23, 2017
I stopped in this book. It became too complicated for me, those philosophical theories. I found the first part very interesting, the life history of Liebniz, how he ended up in Paris and got to know Malebranche and his work there. Then followed a description of the life and thinking of Malebranche, which I also found interesting. After that the book was mainly about the thoughts of these people, their (written) discussions, etc. I could no longer agree with this, and after having left the book for a while, I made an attempt to continue in it. reading, I have now decided to stop, I better spend my reading time on something that interests me.
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Joe
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December 15, 2008
A clear, concise and accessible overview of one of the more interesting discussions in early modern philosophy and theology - the nature of God (voluntarist, rational, or other), and the possibility of divine justice. A background in the period wouldn't hurt (particularly Descartes and an understanding of the Reformation and its aftereffects), but isn't necessary to appreciate Nadler's work. The footnotes are generally excellent and provide a good opportunity for cross-referencing or further reading (if desired). A deeper discussion of theodicy might have been appreciated, and it seemed as though the Spinozan 'threat' to the work of Leibniz, Malebranche and Arnauld could have been pursued further. However, aside from this, a very enjoyable read, and highly recommended.

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Rick
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February 21, 2014
If you like 17th century European politics, philosophy, and theology...and who doesn't?...then you will like this book. Arguments about the meaning of existence dominated the writings of Leibniz, Spinoza, Malebranche, and Arnauld, rationalists who tried to explain the will and power of God. For example, Spinoza's God was one with Nature and willed the world into existence out of necessity, in a kind of deterministic causality. Leibniz's God exercised free will in the creation of the "best of all possible worlds," chosen from an infinite number of others. Enter Malebranche and Arnauld and a host of other players and you have a dynamic interplay of ideas. What's not to like?
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Bugra Davutluoglu
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April 6, 2023
The three intelligent and different temperamental youths of the society have a heated argument about the most heated issue of the period. Over time, a spontaneous audience is formed. Now each of them has their supporters and supporters and they watch excitedly who will be right.

Claims, objections, rebuttals...

Then Spinoza gets involved. First a deep silence, then taunts and accusations far beyond the limits of gentlemanly...

But this does not change the result; The real owner of the place and the subject is Spinoza. :)

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Batumar
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February 5, 2016
Themes such as "God's grace" or "God's freedom at the moment of the creation of the world" would seem far from our interests, far from contemporary problems. However, they still concern us. They will always concern us. Whether we are believers or not. When the lights go out in the evening and we close our eyelids, we are alone with our god, however we think of it, and we can understand why great minds like these have spent their lives racking their brains over these issues. Nadler is always an excellent storyteller, as well as a historian of philosophy expert on these authors. It is therefore worthwhile, for fans of the genre, to make an effort to follow the disputes between Leibniz, Malebranche and Arnaud, with Spinoza in the background siding with whoever we find more convincing.



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Leigh
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January 24, 2015
If you like reading about the history of philosophy, this is a great book. It presents the history of ideas, and the strange ways that thoughts come about. If you're not interested in the subject material, this book will not make you interested in it however. If you are new to philosophy, then this book will definitely drag in places where the author goes into depth about what these philosophers were arguing. As a grad student in the philosophy of religion, this was fascinating and enjoyable. It was outside of the focus of my field, in that I rarely work with the history and pattern of how ideas come about, which made it a "for fun" read for me.

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James
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February 18, 2019
I took away a star because it isn't an easy read. In fact, I got so bogged down that I went to the index and found what I wanted to focus on (evil) and read the pages relevant to it. However, I don't want to diminish the effort that the author, a philosophy professor, has put into this book; it may have started as a dissertation, considering the extensive research as revealed in the notes and bibliography. The milieu--late-17th to early-18th-century Europe--being written about was a cauldron of religious and philosophical ideas unleashed by the Reformation and the Enlightenment, so bravo to the author for keeping the page numbering right at 300, including notes, bibliography, acknowledgments and index. A philosophy student, though, would appreciate this more than I did.

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Brian Watson
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July 19, 2019
If you want an introduction to some of the most important thinkers of the late seventeenth century, this book is for you. Now, that might not seem like an interesting book, but Nadler, an expert in this area, makes the subject come a live. He tells the story of Leibniz, Arnauld, and Malebranche in such a way that the differing views on God and evil held by these philosophers creates a fascinating drama. (He also includes a chapter on Spinoza, whose shadow rested on other philosophers of that era.) I read the book for information on Leibniz, but I'm glad I encountered these other thinkers along the way.

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Spinoza's Relations With The Quakers in Amsterdam | PDF | Baruch Spinoza | Quakers

Spinoza's Relations With The Quakers in Amsterdam | PDF | Baruch Spinoza | Quakers

Spinoza's Relations With The Quakers in Amsterdam
Original Title:SPINOZA'S RELATIONS WITH THE QUAKERS IN AMSTERDAM
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 Agrcgret Iell, tbe antber ni tbe Wugkers g`m lgter
==

==

Spinoza: A Life: Nadler, Steven: Books

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Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677) was one of the most important philosophers of all time; he was also one of the most radical and controversial. The story of Spinoza's life takes the reader into the heart of Jewish Amsterdam in the seventeenth century and, with Spinoza's exile from Judaism, into the midst of the tumultuous political, social, intellectual, and religious world of the young Dutch Republic. This new edition of Steven Nadler's biography, winner of the Koret Jewish Book Award for biography and translated into a dozen languages, is enhanced by exciting new archival discoveries about his family background, his youth, and the various philosophical, political, and religious contexts of his life and works. There is more detail about his family's business and communal activities, about his relationships with friends and correspondents, and about the development of his writings, which were so scandalous to his contemporaries.
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Editorial Reviews

Book Description
A fully updated new edition of the prize-winning and now standard biography of the great seventeenth-century philosopher Spinoza.
About the Author
Steven Nadler is the William H. Hay, II, Professor of Philosophy, Evjue-Bascom Professor in Humanities and Weinstein-Bascom Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is the author or editor of over twenty books, winner of the 2000 Koret Jewish Book Award for biography with Spinoza: A Life (Cambridge, 1999) and a Pulitzer Prize finalist with Rembrandt's Jews (2004). His books have been translated into over twenty languages.


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Publisher ‏ : ‎ Cambridge University Press; 2nd edition (September 27, 2018)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 420 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1108425542
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1108425544
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.92 pounds
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 1 x 9 inchesBest Sellers Rank: #164,046 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)#35 in History of Philosophy
#218 in Modern Philosophy (Books)
#16,650 in Biographies (Books)Customer Reviews:
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GM

4.0 out of 5 stars A double biography, of Spinoza and of the Sephardic community he was born intoReviewed in the United States on June 26, 2022
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For the first 117 pages of this biography you are emmeshed in the micro-history of a struggling and ultimately successful Sephardic community in Amsterdam-- Spinoza doesn't even get born until chapter 3 and doesn't really enter history until he is anathemized in chapter 6. The net effect of this focus on the Amsterdam synagogue is to root Spinoza in his Jewishness--they kicked him out and he renounced them but in this book he remains Bento and Baruch much more than Benedictus. (Nadler p.388 suggests Spinoza "may have even had a mind to be present" at the consecration of the community's new synagogue in 1675--a delightful but very unlikely speculation that tells us more about this book's strategy than about Spinoza).
Bringing that community back to life is a real achievement and I for one found it a unique window into the birth struggles of capitalism and the modern liberal state (it sounds a lot like today). As far as laying out Spinoza's story, Nadler has a lifetime of study behind him and this is the standard biography in English. If the Sephardic rabbis in their disputes and foibles come across as more lively than Bento, that may be what happens when you cultivate equanimity (and also perhaps a result of most of Spinoza's personal correspondence being destroyed, to avoid incriminating others).
Nadler lets you know in the preface that this is not an "intellectual" biography. Nevertheless he could have done more to tell the reader about the Ethics (p. 265ff). The Tractatus gets fuller coverage (but if religion is so bad, why do are Nadler's Amsterdam Sephardim so sympathetic?). I would have been curious to know more about Spinoza's opinions about Jesus, whom he apparently calls "Christ" in his writings (we get a paragraph p.337 and there is no Jesus or Christ in the Index). Supplementing this book with the recent Spinoza's Religion, by Claire Carlisle, may provide a more rounded view of what Leibnitz called Spinoza's "strange metaphysics."
In the end it isn't the metaphysics that fascinates but the fact that this man in the mid 1600s sounds so 22d century. Like our celebrity atheists he reduces religion to morality (he sees the cultural and community aspects of religion as not only irrational, as they certainly are, but pernicious, which is more arguable). In a universe with no goal, run by a "philosophical" God who does not know your name (or apparently anything beyond physics equations), where everything you do is predetermined by rigid causality, Spinoza managed not only to be cheerful and positive but also found meaning in his work. In the special sense the word carries in his system, but also perhaps in the usual sense of the word, he was truly blessed.

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Daniel Putman

5.0 out of 5 stars Outstanding biography of a brilliant and good manReviewed in the United States on November 3, 2021
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This book is in two parts which are almost equal in length. The first half covers the migration of the Sephardic Jews from Portugal to Amsterdam, Spinoza’s family background, details about some of the leaders in the Jewish community, a bit about Spinoza’s neighbor Rembrandt, and life for young Bento (or Baruch) growing up and as a merchant after his father died. The cut-off point is Spinoza’s excommunication (“herem”) at age 23 from the Jewish community in July 1656, and the author’s analysis of why that happened. Nadler’s extensive and detailed research gives the reader a deep context by which to understand Spinoza’s early life.

The second half, while also detailing Spinoza’s life after leaving the Jewish community, has much more about his philosophy. Nadler gives highly readable summaries of Spinoza’s two most important works, the Ethics and the Theological-Political Treatise. Though he worked on the Ethics before the Treatise, Spinoza published the Treatise first so that readers would have a better understanding of his metaphysical and moral analysis in the Ethics. But, with a few exceptions, the reading public did not care and did not want to understand (or detested) the Treatise. While the Dutch Republic has a reputation of being the most tolerant European country in the 1600’s, Nadler points out how in Spinoza’s lifetime religious absolutism was becoming (again) tied to the secular state and Spinoza, fearing for his safety, did not publish the Ethics during his lifetime. Nadler does a superb job of interweaving the changes in the government to Spinoza’s later life. The liberal leader, Johan De Witt, under whom the freedom to publish and discuss unorthodox ideas was acceptable, was taken by a mob, beaten to death, and his body hung by the feet and torn to bits. One of Spinoza’ closest friends who wrote in a similar vein as Spinoza was arrested and died in prison a year later. As Nadler shows, Spinoza was a fortunate man whose “atheism” was being condemned by official government bodies even as he lay dying of tuberculosis augmented by dust from his lens-grinding work.

Nadler points out that Spinoza was not the loner often associated with his image. Nor was he always quiet and unassuming which is another part of the common image of the man. But what Nadler does show unmistakably is the genius and breadth of mind of this remarkable man in the 1600’s. With modifications today based on current science, Spinoza’s goal of understanding and incorporating into the mind as many causes in the universe as possible (including understanding causes of our own emotions) continues to be a goal worthy of any human being if we are to have a future together. His criticisms of narrow-minded religions and authoritarian governments are as relevant today as in 1670. And, unlike many thinkers and philosophers, Spinoza lived what he taught – toleration, open-mindedness, and constant attempts to expand his understanding. Nadler’s biography gives full justice to this extraordinary man.

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3.0 out of 5 stars Written for academicsReviewed in the United States on September 25, 2022
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My husband read this to the two of us. We expected a biography, but got many philosophy lessons as well. Not much about his actual life. A little dissappointing.



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5.0 out of 5 stars Lots of good infoReviewed in the United States on July 22, 2022
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Used this book for a paper on Spinoza. Super knowledgeable and interesting. Plus gave me all the background info I needed to write.

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J. Goddard
4.0 out of 5 stars Well worth readingReviewed in the United Kingdom on July 23, 2022
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This is a properly academic treatment of the life of Spinoza and all the better for it. The level of research is impressive, especially given the paucity of material on Spinoza's early life. That being said, I could have done without the long back-story of the development of Jewish life in Amsterdam. At times, the level of detail on this topic made me feel as though I was reading another book, one on wider cultural history. It probably needed one final edit, as well, to pick up occasional repetition and some infelicities in the writing. Those minor points aside, this is a book with many strengths. The author's interweaving of the details of Spinoza's life and views with the intellectual life of the Dutch Republic and wider Europe is rich and seamless. The coverage of his friendships, social networks and writing gives us a rounded picture to compliment a reading of Spinoza's works. This is an immensely valuable book for those interested in Spinoza's life and character. It is substantial, balanced and erudite.

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Neil S. Rieck
5.0 out of 5 stars What an intellectual treat!!!Reviewed in Canada on March 2, 2022
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Excerpt from Chapter 1 - Paragraph 1: "On March 30, 1492, Spain committed one of those acts of great self-destructive folly to which superpowers are prone: it expelled its Jews." After watching an interview with the author last week on FFRF, I came here, read the line I just quoted, then bought the book. What an intellectual treat!!! My only question now is this: would "the enlightenment" still have occurred without Spain's expulsion (perhaps Spinoza's ancestors might not have survived "the numerous inquisitions") or would it have only been delayed?
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鳥頭
4.0 out of 5 stars SpinozaのBiographyReviewed in Japan on April 24, 2022
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起伏に富んだヒュームの人生などに比べると、スピノザの人生にはそれほど大きな起伏はなかったもののようで、比較的静かな人生だったように読みました。私的な面での記載はあまりなかったように思います。確かスピノザの私的な手紙はすべて死後破棄された(Condemnation対策?)というような話を聞いたことがあるので、私的な生活史の面で記載できる内容はあまりないのかもしれません。
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Alok
5.0 out of 5 stars Absolutely Loved the bookReviewed in India on May 21, 2019
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Absolutely Loved the book
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===
Spinoza: A Life

Steven Nadler
4.13
404 ratings45 reviews
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was one of the most important philosophers of all time; he was also arguably the most radical and controversial. This was the first complete biography of Spinoza in any language and is based on detailed archival research. More than simply recounting the story of Spinoza's life, the book takes the reader right into the heart of Jewish Amsterdam in the seventeenth century and, with Spinoza's exile from Judaism, right into the midst of the tumultuous political, social, intellectual and religious world of the young Dutch Republic. Though the book will be an invaluable resource for philosophers, historians, and scholars of Jewish thought, it has been written for any member of the general reading public with a serious interest in philosophy, Jewish history, seventeenth-century European history, and the culture of the Dutch Golden Age. Spinoza: A Life has recently been awarded the Koret Jewish Book Award."
Genres
Philosophy
Biography
History
Nonfiction
Biography Memoir
Politics
Religion
 
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430 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1999

Literary awards
Koret Jewish Book Award for Biography, Autobiography or Literary Study (2000)
Original title
Spinoza: A Life
Characters
Baruch Spinoza
This edition
Format
430 pages, Paperback
Published
April 23, 2001 by Cambridge University Press
ISBN
9780521002936 (ISBN10: 0521002931) 
Language
English
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Steven Nadler is the William H. Hay II Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin--Madison. His books include Rembrandt's Jews, which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize; Spinoza: A Life, which won the Koret Jewish Book Award; and A Book Forged in Hell: Spinoza's Scandalous Treatise and the Birth of the Secular Age (Princeton).

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December 7, 2020
A Biography Of A Great Philosopher

Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677) is one of the most influential philosophers in history. As a young man, her was excommunicated by the elders of the Jewish community in Amsterdam and subsequently came to be regarded by some as a "secular saint" and by others as an infamous atheist. Although there are many legends and myths about Spinoza's life, there has been no extended biography in English until Nadler's study. In fact, outside of brief accounts written shortly after Spinoza's death, this book is probably the first extended treatment of Spinoza's life in any language.

Given the scarcity of biographical information, Nadler does an excellent job in placing Spinoza's life in historical context. He discusses in detail how the Jewish community in Amsterdam became established, precariously, by immigrants from the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal. He describes the efforts the Jewish community made to win acceptance in Amsterdam, the place of Spinoza's family in the Jewish community, and the rabbis and leaders of the community. Some of this material is well-known, others of it is less so. It is all valuable to getting to understand Spinoza.

There is a great deal of discussion of the history of the Dutch republic in Spinoza's time. Nadler's discussion includes both internal affairs (the tension between those who wanted a powerful monarch and those who wanted republican institutions) and the complex foreign wars and shifting alliances of the Netherlands during Spinoza's time. I never could make sense of this material before, but Nadler has discussed it well and in sufficient detail to provide a good background in understanding Spinoza's political ideas.

Nadler's book is not itself a philosophical study. But he treats carefully and instructively the origin of Spinoza's works and he summarizes their complex ideas well. He does not limit his discussion to the "Ethics". Instead, Nadler spends a great deal of time on the "Theological-Political Treatise" which he rightly views as a neglected masterpiece complementary to the Ethics. There are also good discussions of Spinoza's unfinished "Hebrew Grammar" and, particularly, of the Epistles, as well as of his other works.

Nadler has a good sense of Spinoza's naturalism encompassed be the famous phrase "deus, siva natura". He gives the reader a good feel for the revolutionary nature of Spinoza's thought and shows how and why Spinoza departed from the traditional religious belief of his day.
Nadler is a careful in his use of sources. He tells the reader what evidence from a record both complex and sparse he accepts, what he doubts, and why. When Nadler draws a conclusion that goes beyond the available evidence, he tells the reader that he has done so and why he has done so. This is measured, careful writing about a figure Nadler obviously admires.

There is much creative detail in this book as Nadler draws on recent scholarship to cast light on Spinoza and his times. For example, he relies substantially on the report made to the Inquisition of a person who knew Spinoza in Amsterdam. He discusses the Sabatti Zvi incident (a false Jewish Messiah who appealed to many people during Spinoza's lifetime) and Spinoza's possible knowledge of it. The book debunks the myth of Spinoza as a recluse. One of the strongest features of the book is its picture of Spinoza's intellectual circle and of his relationship to many friends.

The book doesn't include a critical analysis of Spinoza's thought. Such studies are legion and there still is much to say and learn. Also, the book doesn't discuss the reception and influence of Spinoza through the years. Again, this is beyond the scope of the book. The book is an excellent biography of a seminal figure in Western philosophy. I came away from the book with a increased understanding of and appreciation for Spinoza's life and thought.

Robin Friedman

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Ferhat
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November 6, 2021
As the author says, this book is not an intellectual biography of the origins of Spinoza's philosophy and where it evolved. Of course, these are not mentioned in necessary places, but they are not specially emphasized. First of all, this should be read with awareness. There is a lot of political and cultural analysis of Sephardic Jews and the Netherlands, the most liberal country of its time. We read about what kind of cultural environment Spinoza was brought up in and with whom he came into contact. When it comes to Spinoza, there is a lot of magazine material, but the author leans into these details coldly and without romanticizing. Even his assassination is not mentioned. But by the end of the book, you learn a lot about the subject. I think it's a good introductory book for advanced Spinoza readings.

It's not a full five stars, but it offers a very enjoyable read. I'm glad I read it, I recommend it.

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K
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March 9, 2010
I've already started reading Rebecca Goldstein'sBetraying Spinoza The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity by Rebecca Goldstein(for comparison purposes), which is reinforcing my belief that it's a cliche, or should be, that a Jew of Orthodox background who fancies himself a free thinker will be drawn to the mystique surrounding this philosopher. Really, who wouldn't be? At age 23, Baruch Spinoza, born and raised in the Orthodox Jewish community of 17th century Amsterdam, yeshiva-educated, is excommunicated and cursed by his community for unknown deeds, in one of the most vituperative extant Jewish excommunication documents. Spinoza, apparently without a backward glance, leaves his family and his familiar world and goes on to become a great and highly controversial philosopher, shaking contemporary dogma and remaining iconoclastic to the end. Oh, the drama.

But if what you're hoping for is a juicy look at Spinoza's inner life, the pathos he and those around him must have experienced before, during, and after his excommunication, his final good-bye with his family, or inner conflicts and regrets on both sides, this is not the book. Steven Nadler is way too responsible a historian for that. He gives you details -- lots of them -- and offers tight, well-supported arguments to buttress his conclusions, but he restricts those conclusions to areas where information is available. And we apparently know very little about Spinoza's personal life or inner feelings, particularly around the time of his excommunication.

This book will give you a feel for 17th century Amsterdam -- its politics, its intellectual ferment, its Jewish and Christian communities. It will give you a sense of Portuguese Marrano families and what they went through. It will tell you about the ideological controversies of the times, and how Spinoza both contributed to these controversies and was affected by them. It will try (not entirely successfully, in my case) to give you a distilled understanding of Spinoza's philosophy and writings. It's an educational and worthwhile read, and an admirable feat. What it won't give you is "Spinoza: The Drama," which would certainly be a more exciting, if highly speculative read.

Oh, well. It was an effort, but I'm not sorry I pushed my way through. I learned a lot.

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January 9, 2016
So, some time ago Fred & I decided to read The Ethics together. That lasted about a day. His theory was that if you don't understand something, you keep reading and eventually it will all come clear to you. My theory is that if you don't understand page 1, you'll never understand page 2. Since I could never quite get page 1 (metaphorically speaking), I was never ever going to move on to page 2. That just doesn't work for a reading group, even a two-person group. So I entered this book with trepidation. Thankfully, right at the beginning, Nadler says that he is not making an effort to teach Spinoza's philosophy (whew!). So except for a brief section later on, which I of course ran my eyes over, it was not a very difficult book. Nadler does discuss the larger issues that were controversial and so he does deal somewhat with Spinoza's philosophy. But it does seem that since so many of the people who attacked him didn't really understand his philosophy either, I was pretty safe.

It was a relatively abstract biography--in the sense of dealing with Spinoza's beliefs more than his life. But it could be because of the great destruction of his correspondence after his decease which Nadler mentions. I didn't get a good feel for Spinoza as a person except for his open-mindedness towards others.
biography-autobiography
 
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Marc
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July 27, 2018
Very comprehensive, especially in the sketch of the time frame and the events in Amsterdam. There is actually very little known about Spinoza himself. I missed information on how things developed after Spinoza. The biography ends quite abruptly.
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spinoza

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Antonio Fanelli
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April 3, 2015
I knew Spinoza's work, but nothing about his life. This book tells everything that is known for sure and makes a few, but solid hypotheses about what is not known.
Not only that: it recounts the situation of Jews in Spain and Portugal, Holland in the 1600s. illustrates with criterion and simplicity the fundamental points of Spinoza's work and offers an effective overview of the philosophical and theological climate of the time.
An excellent book.
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T J
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July 25, 2017
This detailed analysis of the life and times of Spinoza is so thoroughly enjoyable that I bought the book and am re-reading it as we hike through Germany, Belgium, and Holland.

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June 11, 2017
The Graphic Spinoza
By Ben Nadler, Steven Nadler

in:https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/t...
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May 23, 2019
What a great work on the philosopher who shocked the world! Not only is it a wonderful introduction to Spinoza’s Ethics, it gives great insight in Cartesian philosophy as well. Furthermore, the book really succeeds in showing the importance of the intellectual climate and the historical developments of the 17th century Dutch Republic, and of course especially that of the city of Amsterdam. As Nadler states: "(...) if one must search for the “corruptor” of Spinoza, then, in a sense the real culprit is Amsterdam itself” (2018: 173). The book shows the sincere religiosity of Spinoza. He searched for the true God through the power of the intellect, outside the constraining and repressive atmosphere of 17th century organised religion. He aspired to a life led based on reason and virtue, instead of bondage to the passions. And according to him, so can you: “(…) Spinoza clearly believed that anyone-and we are all endowed with the same rational cognitive facilities-with sufficient self-mastery and intellectual attentiveness can perceive the truth to the highest degree”(2018: 265).

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Macdonagh
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April 7, 2017
An excellent biography. One thing to note: it is difficult to get started because there is a significant amount of historical background. Nadler goes into Spinoza's background three or four times removed, if my memory serves me accurately. For Spinoza and the period and place in which he lived and wrote, this background is well worth the effort. It will put a great deal of what follows into perspective.
Spinoza was an avid letter writer. Nadler draws on this fortunate fact. As the story unfolds Spinoza as a person begins to materialize and one feels as if he knows this man who was brilliant, courageous, simple and entirely focused on finding truth. Nevertheless, he was equally dedicated to treated people kindly and patiently even when they did not agree with him, and he lived in a society which, for the most part did not.
I have long admired Spinoza as a seeker after truth and as a warm and caring human being. If we were contemporaries, I would be his friend even though I cannot agree with his world view. I believe that we would be able to have many a profitable conversation. I wish there were more Christian thinkers like him.

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===
스피노자 - 철학을 도발한 철학자 
스티븐 내들러 (지은이),김호경 (옮긴이)텍스트2011-05-09원제 : Spinoza (1999년)

740쪽

책소개

스피노자가 어떻게 해서 유대교를 의심하고 자신의 철학을 펼쳐 나갔는지를 보여 준다. 사실 그러한 내용은 그동안 나온 숱한 스피노자 전기들과 논문들에서 이미 다뤄졌다. 하지만 그 배경을 속속들이 살피며 정확한 맥락을 짚어낸 저술들은 그리 많지 않다. 저자 스티븐 내들러는 그 점을 착안하여 스피노자의 삶과 철학과 관련된 방대한 기록들을 참고해 스피노자를 다시 기록했다.

그는 스피노자의 유대 민족 배경, 스피노자 철학의 사회적, 정치적 배경을 세세하게 추적했다. 또한 스피노자가 어떻게 암스테르담의 포르투갈계 유대 공동체를 뛰쳐나와 네덜란드 사회의 문화를 호흡하게 되었는지, 어떻게 당시의 급진주의 사상가들 중 한 사람으로 성장할 수 있었는지에 대한 구체적인 이유를 좇았다. 아울러 《정치론》, 《신학-정치론》, 《에티카》 등 스피노자의 저술들이 어떻게 쓰이고 출간되었는지 살폈다. 흔히 스피노자가 경제적인 이유로 렌즈 깎는 일을 한 것으로 전해진다. 하지만 스티븐 내들러는 스피노자가 렌즈를 깎은 이유는 재정상의 필요 때문이라기보다 과학적 관심에서 시작되었다고 밝혔다.


목차
추천사
감사의 글
한국의 독자들에게
서문

01. 정착
02. 아브라함과 미카엘
03. 벤투/바뤼흐
04. 탈무드 토라
05. 암스테르담의 상인
06. 헤렘
07. 베네딕투스
08. 레인스뷔르흐의 철학자
09.“보르뷔르흐의 유대인”
10. 호모 폴리티쿠스
11. 헤이그에서의 평온과 소요
12.“자유로운 사람은 결코 죽음을 생각하지 않는다”

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책속에서
스피노자는 역사상 가장 중요한 철학자들 가운데 한 사람이다. 그가 사망한 지 350여 년이 지났지만, 내가 보기에 그는 여전히 매우 의미 있는 역사적인 사상가이다. 오늘날 ‘데카르트주의자’ 혹은 ‘라이프니츠주의자’ 혹은 (윤리학의 범위를 넘어서) ‘아리스토텔레스주의자’라는 것이 무엇을 뜻하는지 분명하지 않다. 그러나 중요한 의미에서, 우리는 확실히 스피노자주의자일 수 있다. 신, 자연, 인간 그리고 자유와 행복에 대한 그의 주장은 지속적으로 의미가 있는 것들이다. 또한 우리는 종교, 정치학, 형이상학 그리고 도덕 철학에 대한 그의 사상으로부터 여전히 많은 것을 배울 수 있다.  접기
이 전기의 중심에 놓여 있는 질문은 스피노자의 민족적인 배경과 사회적인 배경, 암스테르담의 포르투갈계 유대 공동체와 네덜란드 사회와 같은 두 다른 문화 사이를 유랑하는 그의 입장, 그의 지적인 발전, 그의 사회적이며 정치적인 관계와 같이, 스피노자 생애의 다양한 측면들이 어떻게 스피노자를 역사적으로 가장 급진적인 사상가들 가운데 한 사람으로 만드는 데 작용했는가 하는 점이다. 그러나 내가 관심을 가지고 있는 다른, 더욱 일반적인 질문은 다음과 같은 것이다: 네덜란드의 황금기에 철학자이며 유대인이라는 것은 무엇을 의미했는가? 이러한 질문들에 대답하기 위해 유럽의 다른 역사 속에서 200여 년 전에서부터 연구를 시작해야 한다.  접기
스피노자 안에서 철학과 과학을 통해서 세상의 더 넓은 지식을 찾으려는 욕구를 깨어나게 한 것은 단지 그의 교육과 유대 공동체에서의 종교적 삶에 대한 불만족과 막연한 지적인 호기심만은 아니었다. 그는 어떤 사람이 철학자의 사명을 선택하는 데 있어서 배후에 놓여 있는 역사적으로 중요한 동기 가운데 하나임이 틀림없는 것을 경험하기 시작했다: 평범한 직업의 허무함에 대한 깊은 의식과 “진리”에 대한 욕구가 그것이다. 전자는 특히 암스테르담의 상인이라는 유물론적 직업에 관계된 것이고, 후자는 자연에 대한 경험적인 진리가 아니라, 그보다 더욱 중요한 인간의 삶에 “합당한 덕(소크라테스로부터 문구를 빌려온 것)”에 대한 이해와 관계된 것이다.  접기
추천글
스피노자의 가장 완전한 전기
《스피노자 - 철학을 도발한 철학자》는 지금까지 출판된 스피노자 전기들 중에서 가장 완전한 전기라 할 수 있다. 이 책은 스피노자 철학과 연관된 다양한 요소들의 기록을 가능한 한 모두 참고하면서 방대한, 그러면서도 흥미로운 스피노자 전기를 구성하고 있다. 스피노자의 유대 민족 배경, 스피노자 철학의 사회, 정치적 배경이 이 책에서 상세히 소개되고 있다. 또한 암스테르담의 포르투갈계 유대 공동체를 뛰쳐나와 자유로운 네덜란드 사회의 문화를 호흡하는 스피노자의 지적 발전과 아울러 스피노자가 어떻게 당시의 급진주의 사상가들 중 한 사람으로 성장할 수 있었는지에 대한 구체적인 이유 역시 이 책에서 잘 드러나고 있다. -<추천사> 중에서
- 강영계 (건국대학교 철학과 명예교수) 
저자 및 역자소개
스티븐 내들러 (Steven Nadler) (지은이) 
저자파일
 
신간알리미 신청
미국 위스콘신 대학교 매디슨 캠퍼스 철학과 교수이자 인문학 연구소 소장. 데카르트, 스피노자, 라이프니츠 등 근대 유럽 철학자들을 깊이 연구해 왔으며 특히 스피노자 연구의 권위자로 손꼽힌다. 컬럼비아 대학교에서 철학 박사 학위를 받았고 미국철학회 중부지회장과 《철학사 저널》 편집장을 지냈다. 2020년 미국 예술 과학 아카데미 회원으로 선정되었다.
전기 『스피노자: 철학을 도발한 철학자』와 『에티카를 읽는다』, 『스피노자와 근대의 탄생』 등을 통해 스피노자의 삶과 사상을 전달해 왔다. 그 외 『렘브란트의 유대인(Rembrandt's Jews)』, 『가능한 최선의 세계(The Best of All Possible Worlds)』, 『철학자, 성직자, 화가(The Philosopher, the Priest, and the Painter)』, 『철학의 이단자들』 등을 집필했다. 『렘브란트의 유대인』으로 2004년 퓰리처상 논픽션 부문 최종 후보에 올랐고 『스피노자: 철학을 도발한 철학자』로 2000년 코렛 유대인 도서상을 수상했다. 접기
최근작 : <죽음은 최소한으로 생각하라>,<[큰글자책] 에티카를 읽는다 >,<철학의 이단자들> … 총 7종 (모두보기)
김호경 (옮긴이) 
저자파일
 
신간알리미 신청
이화여자대학교에서 국문학을 전공했고 동대학원에서 신학 석사 학위를 받았다. 〈누가 공동체의 식탁교제〉라는 논문으로 연세대학교에서 신학 박사 학위를 취득했다. 서울장로회신학교 신약학 교수로 재직 중이다. 성서의 사회적 배경과 문맥의 의미망 속에 숨겨진 뜻을 찾아내려고 노력하고 있으며, 오늘을 살아가는 현대인에게 성서는 무엇을 말하는가에 관심을 가지고 있다. 저서로는 『여자, 성서 밖으로 나오다』(대한기독교서회), 『예수가 상상한 그리스도』『바울』(살림), 『인간의 옷을 입은 성서』(책세상) 등이 있다. 역서로는 『스피노자와 근대의 탄생』(글항아리), 『신학―정치론』(책세상) 등이 있다. 접기
최근작 : <예수가 하려던 말들>,<종교, 과학에 말을 걸다>,<인간의 옷을 입은 성서> … 총 22종 (모두보기)
출판사 제공
책소개
철학을 도발한 철학자, 스피노자
그의 세세하고도 거대한 이야기

누가 뭐래도 철학의 시작은 의심에서 비롯한다. 진리를 구하는 철학은 지금, 진리라고 알려진 그것에 대해 되물어 보고 다르게 보면서 진리에 더 가까이 다가간다. 그런 점에서 철학자는 현재의 진리 혹은 철학을 도발한다. 중세적 신을 거부하고 신의 의미를 새롭게 정립한 스피노자 역시 철학을 도발했다. 더구나 그는 유대인으로 태어났음에도 창조주로서의 신을 부정했고 결국 유대교로부터 파문당했다.
《스피노자 - 철학을 도발한 철학자》는 스피노자가 어떻게 해서 유대교를 의심하고 자신의 철학을 펼쳐 나갔는지를 보여 준다. 사실 그러한 내용은 그동안 나온 숱한 스피노자 전기들과 논문들에서 이미 다뤄졌다. 하지만 그 배경을 속속들이 살피며 정확한 맥락을 짚어낸 저술들은 그리 많지 않다. 어쩌면 여전히 여러 이름으로 불리는 스피노자를 단순히 파악하기란 쉽지 않은 일인지도 모른다. 스피노자의 또 다른 이름은 “형이상학자이며 도덕적인 철학자, 정치적이며 종교적인 사상가, 성서 주석가, 사회 비평가, 렌즈 깎는 사람, 실패한 무역상, 네덜란드의 지성인, 유대교의 이단자” 등으로 다양하다. 이토록 다양한 이름을 지닌 스피노자와 그의 사상을 이해하기 위해서는 17세기 네덜란드와 유럽의 지적, 문화적, 종교적, 정치적, 역사적 환경을 함께 살펴야 한다.
저자 스티븐 내들러는 그 점을 착안하여 스피노자의 삶과 철학과 관련된 방대한 기록들을 참고해 스피노자를 다시 기록했다. 그는 스피노자의 유대 민족 배경, 스피노자 철학의 사회적, 정치적 배경을 세세하게 추적했다. 또한 스피노자가 어떻게 암스테르담의 포르투갈계 유대 공동체를 뛰쳐나와 네덜란드 사회의 문화를 호흡하게 되었는지, 어떻게 당시의 급진주의 사상가들 중 한 사람으로 성장할 수 있었는지에 대한 구체적인 이유를 좇았다. 아울러 《정치론》, 《신학-정치론》, 《에티카》 등 스피노자의 저술들이 어떻게 쓰이고 출간되었는지 살폈다. 흔히 스피노자가 경제적인 이유로 렌즈 깎는 일을 한 것으로 전해진다. 하지만 스티븐 내들러는 스피노자가 렌즈를 깎은 이유는 재정상의 필요 때문이라기보다 과학적 관심에서 시작되었다고 밝혔다. 이처럼 세세하고도 거대한 스피노자의 이야기를 담은 《스피노자 - 철학을 도발한 철학자》는 새롭고도 가장 완전한 스피노자 전기인 셈이다.
그러나 저자가 밝히고 있듯이 이 책은 스피노자의 철학에 대한 전문적인 연구서가 아니다. 《스피노자 - 철학을 도발한 철학자》는 스피노자의 생애와 사상을 알기 쉽고도 깊이 있게 전하며 스피노자를 또 한 번 우리 앞에 오롯이 서게 한다. 접기
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스포일러 포함 글 작성 유의사항 
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공감순 
     
오프에서 구매. 괜한 치장(하드커버, 날개같은)안하고 분권따위 안해서 좋음. 
미네랄 2011-05-16 공감 (3) 댓글 (0)
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이렇게 허접하게 만든 책은 처음.반드시 실물을 보고 구매 여부 결정해야함. 
xtimer 2011-05-15 공감 (2) 댓글 (0)
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스피노자 삶을 이해할 필요가 있어서 구입 
뽀 2011-09-30 공감 (1) 댓글 (0)
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- 스피노자의 가장 완벽한 전기-가 아닌 잘못 쓰여진 전기다!  구매
gidon 2014-12-15 공감 (0) 댓글 (0)
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번역은 못 읽을 정도는 아닌데 좋진 않음. 출판사 편집담당 직원이 이 책을 이해하지 못했던듯함. 철학을 도발한 철학자? 부제부터 잘못지음. 내가 웬만한면 판형에 대해서는 욕 안 하는데, 이 책 정말 부실하게 만들어져서 못 읽을정도임. 3번 완독하면 책은 낱장분리될듯. 심각합니다. 
개선비 2015-07-26 공감 (0) 댓글 (0)
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스피노자류 학자는 아웃사이더다. 새창으로 보기
학자는 외길 인생이다. 고독 속에서 오직 정신적인 측면만 부각되는 끝도 없는 지평선이고, 뒤를 돌아보면 돌아볼수록, 평화로운 일상에서는 멀어져만 간다. 왜냐하면 학자는 자신의 존재를 학문으로 해명해야 하므로, 이를테면 ‘토마스 만’이 일상성과 예술성의 양자 간의 대립을 추구한 것처럼, 학자 역시 일상성에 대립되는 학술성이라는 장구한 늪에 빠져야 하는 것이다. 따라서 학자는 학문을 통한 끊임없는 변증법적 연역을 통해 발전해나간다. 여기에는 종말이 없다. 항시 무원한 지속의 밑도 끝도 없는 연장으로 그는 고독의 질주를 할 뿐이다. 여기서 학문이 얻어내는 건 단순히 학식만이 아니다. 학문은 일종의 수양이자 정양이라고 할 수 있다. 학문을 통해 자신을 둘러싼 세상에 대한 가치관의 조정을 체감할 수 있거니와 이의 질적 양적 팽창에 입각하여 깊은 사유의 지평으로 뻗어나갈 수 있는 것이다. 학문은 오로지 ‘인간이성’의 각인에만 그 뜻이 있으며, 학문을 한다는 것은 감정을 전혀 배제한다는 걸 말한다. 여기서 말하는 감정이란 비단 오관이 불러일으키는 희노애락 뿐 만이 아니라 고귀한 미학의 영역에 속해 있는 ‘파토스’까지 망라한다. 지식에 전문성과 논리적 엄밀성을 부여하기 위해선 일시적인 지엽성에 국한하지 않고 모든 사물의 어깨 너머에 있는 총체적인 ‘절대’를 응시해야 한다. 따라서 지식인은 ‘객관적인 실재’를 깨우치기 위한 구조지향성의 계승자다. 이 우주의 유위변전을 관통하여 조상들이 일구어낸 기초적 질료를 이용하여, 또한 그들이 남긴 문헌을 제반으로 삼아 이를 발전시켜나가 자기만의 독보적인 역사를 새로 써야한다. 이 독보적인 역사는 전적으로 학문적인 것이고, 이 학문의 영역을 마치 밭을 갈듯 해가 갈 때마다 진일보를 거듭하려면 어떤 졸렬한 사고방식 갖고는 그 기대를 충족시키기 어렵다. 왜냐하면 학문이란 전적으로 창의성을 요하는 분야이므로, 그리고 대부분의 성공한 학자들이 자신의 ‘독자적 견해’로 그 발로를 연쇄 폭발 시킨 것과 마찬가지로, 당신은 그들과 같은 대열에 서서 자신의 이론을 천명할 필연적인 열정을 부여받아야 한다. 따라서 학문을 사랑하는 마음과 더불어 자신의 젊음까지도 거기에 불살라야만 자신이 이루고자 하는 성취를 이룰 수 있는 것이다. 하기야 현대는 정보화 사회이니만큼 새롭게 창조되는 지식이 이루 말할 수 없이 많아, 후학들은 줄곧 혼란에 빠지기 쉽다. 이런 카오스는 자기의 지적 강인함과 창발성에 의거해 변별적으로 분류해서 섭취해야 할 필요성이 있다. 그리고 나서 코스모스로의 전화를 맛보게 되는 것이리라. 우리는 사회적인 잣대에 휩쓸리지 않고 적극적으로 자신의 입지를 개론할 개연성이 있다. 이는 ‘자기 존재’에 대한 소중함을, 즉 그 고귀한 개인성을 보증하기 위한 보루이다. 학자들이 학문을 하는 것은 이와 같이 자신의 저서로 자신의 지성을 입장표명하기 위한 방책에 다름 아닐 것이다. 하기야 학문이 아무리 객관적이고 과학적이라 해봤자 ‘사영의 중첩된 집합체’의 하나가 아닌가? 이는 그것이 아무리 첨단으로 기술적 혁신을 거친다고 해도 언제나 사회라는 울타리 안에서 생성된 ‘사생아’에 진배없을 것이다. 동서고금을 막론하고 학문과 인간 제요소 모두는 ‘시대에 아들’일 뿐이리라. 따라서 나는 고와 금을 통합하여 내 이론의 기초적 근거를 세우고, 내 학술적 이념의 ‘묘명’을 밝혀, 전심으로 내 대사상을 창발적으로 제기할 날이 멀지 않았음을 느낀다. 역사 이래 수많은 철학자들이 살다갔지만 그들은 단순시제로서의 과거와 현재를 이어주는 교두보 역할밖에는 하지 못했으나, 나는 과거/현재를 관계대명사로 묶어 내 이론적 준칙의 기초로 세울 것이거니와, 내 위대한 ‘사유정신’적 모태의 사영斜影을 사상적 핵심논리로 수미일관되게 개론해나갈 것이리라. 이리하여 나는 과거 내 스승 사르트르가 그랬듯 제2의 세계 학계의 황제로서, 21세기 지성의 최고봉으로서, 퍼내도, 퍼내도 마르지 않는 우물과 마찬가지로 무한한 지식의 전승자로서 모든 분야를 아우르는 총체적인 지식인으로 우뚝 설 것이다. 그 누구도 내 특유의 기술적인 방법으로서의 촌철살인을 막지 못할 것이다. 바야흐로 나는 24살에 뚜렷이 내가 가야 할 길을 정할 수 있었다. 좀 늦게 꿈을 꾼 게 마음에 걸리지만, 아무리 내가 직업을 가진 직장인이나 공무원이 되려고 해도 나의 거대한 지적 야심은 나무를 뚫고 나오는 새싹처럼 질기고 강인한 생명의 ‘현실태’를 내포하고 있을 뿐 이었다. 또한 별처럼 빛나는 ‘가능태’로 충원한 내 가슴을 바라보며 즉 ‘별 헤는 밤’에서 ‘별’을 응시하며 나는 이렇게 말했다. “그에 대해서 자주 그리고 계속해서 숙고하면 할수록, 점점 더 새롭고 점점 더 외경으로 마음을 채우는 두 가지 것이 있다. 내 위의 별이 빛나는 하늘과 내 안의 도덕법칙이 바로 그것이다”라고,

따라서 사태는 ‘순수 정신’에 완전무결이 입각해있다고 볼 수 있다. 과거 나는 내 본질을 살려고 언제나 노력했지만 이는 단지 헛된 시도에 전혀하다는 걸 직시하고, 성찰의 끝자락에서 나는 꿈결에 빠져 ‘오직 학문하는 것만이 내 ‘존재가치’적 기준의 ‘파생실재’의 뇌관에 불을 밝히는 것’이라는 글이 어지럽게 필기체 문형으로 비석에 각인돼 있는 걸 보았다. 그 꿈을 프로이트가 분석한다면 어떤 인과관계의 도식이 성립될 것인가? 내가 이런 이야기를 난데없이 꺼내는 이유는 프로이트가 창시한 ‘정신분석학’이 진짜 내가 사랑하는 학문의 분과기 때문이다. 나는 철학사상가가 되기 원하지만, 정신분석학이라는 심리학의 한 분과에 광적으로 경도된 나머지, 아니 경도라는 말은 결코 옳지 않으며 현대의 ‘정신분석학’은 이미 인간의 무의식 세계를 의식 세계로 끌어와 치환작업에 나섬으로써 정식적인 심리학의 하나가 되었고, 프로이트, 그가 옳았다는 생각이 귀의 이명처럼 낯설게 들려오는 건 어떤 이유에설까?

그래, 그래, 그래. 내가 걸어가야 할 길은 일종의 숲길, 하이데거의 ‘숲길(그의 저서 중 하나)’이기도 하다. 하이데거를 이해하지 않고서는 현대철학을 논할 수 없으니까. 왜냐하면 그의 실존주의 철학은 거의 모든 분야를 망라하여 ‘데리다’, ‘사르트르’, ‘메를로-퐁티’, ‘하버마스’ 등의 대철학자들에게 커다란 영감을 주었다. 더 나아가 많은 실존주의 작가들에게 테마를 선사하였고, 총체적으로 하이데거는 ‘20세기의 아리스토텔레스’라 불리며 그 가세를 떨치고 있으니 어찌 그를 피하지 않을 수 있으랴?

다시 원점으로 돌아와 보자. 나는 학인의 외길 인생에 대해 설명했다. 학자는 언제나 고독 속에 있으면서도 저 별처럼 영원히 빛나는 ‘아름다운 덕성’이 그의 가슴 속 저변으로 미끄러진다. 학인이란 그런 것이다. ‘배움과 앎’을 언제나 몰대상적인 절대자 혹은 우주에게 감사하게 생각하고, 그들의 포부는 가히 하늘을 뚫을 만큼 광대무비하기도 하다. 하기야 ,수학한다는 것은, 이에 의거해 변증법적 글쓰기를 행한다는 것은, 어쩌면 그들에게, 그리고 필자에게 가장 행복한 것이 아니라 말한다면 그것은 ‘거짓’에 불과할 것이다. 좀 외롭더라도, 좀쓸쓸하더라도, 좀 가난하더라도, 이렇게 산재한 가없는 난관을 제치고 ‘자신이 상정한 표상 아래 기도 드릴 수 있는 자격’을 갖추기 위해 그들은, 그리고 필자는 분발할 것이다. 외길 인생.
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美石박준석 2011-06-28 공감(1) 댓글(0)
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너무 금방 사라짐 청루ㅣ 2023-04-26
평가가 좋았는데 절판되어서 아쉬웠던 책입니다. 저자가 스피노자 전문가라서 이후로도 스피노자에 대한 책들을 여러 권 냈는데, 가장 기본이 되는 책이 절판되어 아쉽습니다. 재활용ㅣ 2023-04-26