2022/10/23

** Ethics for the New Millennium by Dalai Lama XIV | Goodreads reviews

Ethics for the New Millennium by Dalai Lama XIV | Goodreads

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mQ8-gAIsw8


Korean translation


Japanese translation
幸福論 | ダライラマ14世テンジン・ギャッツ
ォ, His Holiness The Dalai Lama, HIS HOLINESS THE DALAI LAMA, 通緒, 塩原 

https://books.apple.com/us/book/ethics-for-the-new-millennium/id365508087

Ethics for the New Millennium

by Dalai Lama XIV,
Alexander Norman,
B.D. Wong (Narrator)
4.06 · Rating details · 4,425 ratings · 184 reviews

In a difficult, uncertain time, it takes a person of great courage, such as the Dalai Lama, to give us hope. Regardless of the violence and cynicism we see on television and read about in the news, there is an argument to be made for basic human goodness. The number of people who spend their lives engaged in violence and dishonesty is tiny compared to the vast majority who would wish others only well. 

  • According to the Dalai Lama, our survival has depended and will continue to depend on our basic goodness. 
  • Ethics for the New Millennium presents a moral system based on universal rather than religious principles. Its ultimate goal is happiness for every individual, irrespective of religious beliefs.

 Though he himself a practicing Buddhist, the Dalai Lama's teachings and the moral compass that guides him can lead each and every one of us—Muslim, Christian, Jew, Buddhist, or atheist—to a happier, more fulfilling life.

His Holiness the Dalai Lama's newest book, The Wisdom of Compassion, is now available from Riverhead Books. (less)

Paperback, 237 pages
Published May 1st 2001 by Riverhead Books (first published January 1st 1999)
Original Title

· 4,425 ratings · 184 reviews


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Jul 23, 2011Ken Rideout rated it it was amazing
This was required reading for a course I am taking which only makes me that much more impressed that I found it so profound. The Dalai Lama has somehow managed to outdo Joseph Campbell in religious sophistication. He has written a book for all of us that is, dare I say it, post religious. Post religious in a deeply spiritual way, in a all-embracing way, and in a conversational non-academic style. Clearly, he is primarily motivated by Buddhist beliefs but he is speaking to as wide an audience as is possible while still maintaining membership in his own faith.

His message is simple. Compassion. That's it - if you become more compassionate through a specific religious tradition then that is the way to do it; if you are working on your compassion without religion then that is the way to do it for you.

You don't become a nicer person because someone tells you to or for rewards in an afterlife. You should be nice because it is the pathway to true happiness. You become compassionate by inhibiting your non compassionate emotions (jealousy, anger, hatred, fear) and encouraging your compassion by relating to other people as being fundamentally similar to you. It is not enough to read and think on these things. One should, like any other activity, practice being compassionate to become better at it. Start with small things and see where you can take it, he says.

I found the first half of the book to be the most moving and insightful, but there are gems in the latter half as well. The Dalai Lama, understandably, draws heavily on his own Buddhist background and I sometimes feared the book would become New-Agey preachy, but in the end I found the book to be an authentic voice from a specific individual who acknowledges his own limitations but is trying to speak to some of the most difficult issues in our times (war, the environment, religious strife, the disconnect of modern life).

I said post-religious, but maybe I should have said pan-religious for he clearly thinks we human beings are special and are meant to strive for greatness. Very inspiring for me since I tend to have a more pessimistic attitude which I have discovered, thanks to reading this book, is keeping me back from being a better person.

This book is a must-read! (less)
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Mar 31, 2018robin friedman rated it it was amazing
A Call To Spiritual Awakening

This book, "Ethics for the New Millennium" was written at the time of the change from the 20th to the 21st Century. The Dalai Lama used the change to the new Millennium as a call to ethical and spiritual reflection and to an awakening to a new, informed inner life.

The book is eloquent and compelling. The Dalai Lama's command of English is somewhat limited, and the text undoubtedly underwent substantial editing. But the sincerity and power of the book shines through, as does the Dalai Lama's modesty. It is something of a rarity for a book to sound the call to spiritual renewal while refusing to proselytize or to promote a specific creed.

The Dalai Lama promises repeatedly that his book is concerned with ethics and spirituality rather than with Buddhist beliefs. There is nothing in this book, for example, that even suggests the reader take up a meditation practice. Although there is a substantial treatment of the difficult Buddhist teaching of Dependent Origination, the Dalai Lama makes good on his word. The book can be read and appreciated by people who are secular -- without a religious faith -- and by those who are committed to a faith tradition other than Buddhism.

The Dalai Lama's basic message here, I think, is that all people strive to be happy. In the West, we tend to equate the pursuit of happiness with materialistic success. This goes part of the way to happiness but has difficulties in terms of the anxiety, competitiveness, and insensitiveness to ourselves and others that it creates. The Dalai Lama's answer, in common with much religious and spiritual writing, is to look inward. What is important is how the Dalai Lama elaborates his teaching in this book.ㅠ 

The Dalai Lama insists that spiritual renewal requires a commitment to ethical behavior. There are two levels to this. The first, more basic level, is to act in a way that doesn't bring harm. This is a seemingly simple teaching, but one difficult to put in practice in specific situations. The second level is to aim to be other-directed rather than self-directed in one's actions. This means acting with patience, generosity, compassion, nonviolence, empathy, thought for the other person, rather than for oneself. For the Dalai Lama this second level underlies all spirituality and religious traditions and is more fundamental than any metaphysical or faith issues. People can disagree on the latter or not hold any religious position at all.

After developing the foundations of what he sees as ethical and spiritual behavior, the Dalai Lama offers suggestions for the individual's redirection of him or herself in terms of restraint, virtue, compassion, and the relief of suffering. Again, I was struck by the modesty of the teaching and by the Dalai Lama's claim that spiritual redirection can be independent of the individual's commitment or lack of commitment to a religious creed. The Dalai Lama emphasizes at one point that "we are not talking about Buddahood here" but rather about how any individual can aim for ethical and spiritual redirection.

A chapter in the final section of the book discusses "the role of religion in modern society." The Dalai Lama explains his own commitment to Tibetan Buddhism but insists again that such commitment is unnecessary for the individual to redirect energy to the ethical/spiritual life. In fact, in this book the Dalai Lama discourages religious conversion but urges the reader to remain in his or her own faith and work within it. He maintains that all religions teach the same basic ethical and spiritual precepts while their metaphysical or faith commitments differ. He offers a plea that people from different faith traditions learn that they can learn much from each other while maintaining their own belief system. He reiterates that people shouldn't force themselves to have a religion at all if they are committed to a secular worldview.

There is a great deal of wisdom and simplicity in this book. It may be valuable to those who want to consider redirecting or better understanding themselves.

Robin Friedman (less)
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Jul 15, 2009Kitap rated it liked it
In Buddhist thought, the distinction between altruism and self-interest disappears like the distinction between samsara and nirvana in the Heart Sutra:

If the self had intrinsic identity, it would be possible to speak in terms of self-interest in isolation from that of others'. But because this is not so, because self and others can only be understood in terms of relationship, we see that self-interest and others' interest are closely interrelated. Indeed, within this picture of dependently originated reality, we see that there is no self-interest completely unrelated to others' interests. Due to the fundamental interconnectedness which lies at the heart of reality, your interest is also my interest. From this, it becomes clear that "my" interest and "your" interest are intimately connected. In a deep sense, they converge. (47)

Two important points about the voluntary and practical qualities of Buddhist self-discipline:

To say that we need to curb anger and our negative thoughts and emotions does not mean that we should deny our feelings. There is an important distinction to be made between denial and restraint. The latter constitutes a deliberate and voluntarily adopted discipline based on an appreciation of the benefits of doing so. (98)

[B]ecause, unlike our bodies which soon get sick, old, and worn out, the afflictive emotions never age, it is important to realize that dealing with them is a lifelong struggle. Nor should the reader suppose that what we are talking about here is the mere acquisition of knowledge. Is is not even a question of developing the conviction that may come from such knowledge. What we are talking about is gaining an experience of virtue through constant practice and familiarization so that it becomes spontaneous. (119)
Wonderfully concise explication of verse 6.10 of Śāntideva's Bodhisattvacharyavatara :

Personally, I find enormously helpful the advice given about suffering by the great Indian scholar-saint, Shantideva. It is essential, he said, that when we face difficulties of whatever sort we do not let them paralyze us. If we do, we are in danger of being totally overwhelmed by them. Instead, using our critical faculties, we should examine the nature of the problem itself. If we find that there exists the possibility we could solve it by some means or other, there is no need for anxiety. The rational thing would then be to devote all one's energy to finding that means and acting on it., If, on the other hand, we find that the nature of the problem admits to no solution, there is no point worrying about it. If nothing can change the situation, worrying only makes it worse. Taken out of context of the philosophical text in which it appears as the culmination of a complex series of reflections, Shantideva's approach may sound somewhat simplistic. But its very beauty lies in this quality of simplicity. And no one could argue with its sheer common sense. (142–3)
A gentler version of Jesus' comments about "eyes," "beams," and "specks" from Matthew 7.3–5:

[I]t is far more useful to be aware of a single shortcoming in ourselves than it is to be aware of a thousand in someone else. For when the fault is our own, we are in a position to correct it. (153)(less)
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Jul 24, 2021William Schram rated it really liked it
Shelves: non-fiction, philosophy, self-help, religion, spiritual
The Dalai Lama talks about applying ethics to the new millennium in this book. He bases his ethical system on several Buddhist tenets, but it can apply to everyone.

The Dalai Lama notices that people of all creeds and walks of life want the same basic things; an avoidance of pain, happiness, and the same for their children. However, in more advanced societies, this isn't easily accomplished. Wealth doesn't ensure happiness or satisfaction in life.

In that vein, The Dalai Lama calls for compassion. If we can understand each other and see people as human beings with problems similar to ours, we can change the world.

The Dalai Lama is Tibetan, so the book has phrases in that language. English lacks the subtle differences required to express itself fully. (less)
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Mar 18, 2015Theresa Leone Davidson rated it really liked it
Quick story: I recently had dinner with a friend who, for whatever reason, made the comment that NO ONE works unless they have to work (for the paycheck), period. This is someone with adequate intelligence who does not often make asinine comments but who is probably unhappy with her own chosen profession, so I did not argue, but it would have been simple to do so, by pointing out that not every physician or attorney or Wall Street honcho, or CEO, or business owner, quits after the first million, or the first five, or twenty. Bill Gates and Warren Buffet still work, and besides, what about all of those people who volunteer? Plenty of people - and I am so grateful to be among them - LOVE their jobs and cannot imagine NOT doing what they love to do. 

Anyway, the reason I bring up other people's stupidity is only because the Dalai Lama keeps pointing it out, albeit in probably a much nicer way than I do . He stresses throughout the book that it is the simple things (and not so simple things - like those we love) that make us happy, not money, not material objects, not in constantly comparing ourselves and what we have to others. Of course this sounds simplistic but if it really is so simple, why does my friend's apparent bitterness towards those who are financially better off get to her? Why do people buy lottery tickets, or put themselves in debt to buy stuff? I am fortunate, having experienced living single in New York City, in graduate school, with two jobs, and only enough money to buy Campbell's Chicken Noodle soup for dinner five nights a week, and the flip side, having enough that I am comfortable. I have not experienced real poverty nor have I experienced pro NBA types of wealth but I know that whether you are worrying about money or not, that's all that money changes, whether or not you need to worry about it: in either circumstances it's the people you surround yourself with, the memories you make, the kindnesses you show to others that bring real happiness. 

The book reinforces and strengthens that: he emphasizes that doing for others and enjoying the simple things in life, and always, always trying your best to do the right thing, the ethical thing, brings peace to one's life. 

Wouldn't the world be so much better if we all tried to live this way? He ends the book beautifully, too, with the best chapter, one he calls An Appeal, that asks us to follow easy instructions to do for others, to remember what is important, and to be more spiritual. The other striking thing about the book is his complete appreciation for every religion, the beauty he sees in all of the religions not his own, and even for the people who do not follow a particular religion but live their lives in an ethical, humble, and kind manner. This is my first book by the Dalai Lama but I will seek out others to read. Highly recommend! (less)
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Feb 27, 2013Ariadna73 rated it it was amazing
Shelves: philosophy, self-help
Check out my spanish review on my blog: http://bit.ly/XIX9sq


This is such an extraordinary book! Everyone should read it! Despite it was written more than a decade ago; the topic is clearly current and alive. I am so touched and moved for what I have just read; that I can only transcribe the last few paragraphs of this fantastic book:

Therefore; with my two hands joined; I appeal to you the reader to ensure that you make the rest of your life as meaningful as possible. Do this by engaging in spiritual practice if you can. As I hope I have made clear; there is nothing mysterious about this. It consists in nothing more than acting out of concern for others. And provided you undertake this practice sincerely and with persistence; little by little; step by step you will gradually be able to reorder your habits and attitudes so that you think less about your own narrow concerns and more of others'. In doing so; you will find that you enjoy peace and happiness yourself.

Relinquish your envy; let go your desire to triumph over others. Instead; try to benefit them. With kindness; with courage; and confident that in doing so you are sure to meet with success; welcome others with a smile. Be straightforward. And try to be impartial. Treat everyone as if they were a close friend. I say this neither as Dalai Lama nor as someone who has special powers of ability. Of these I have none. I speak as a human being: one who; like yourself; wishes to be happy and not to suffer.

If you cannot; for whatever reason; be of help to others; at least don't harm them. Consider yourself a tourist. Think of the world as it is seen from space; so small and insignificant yet so beautiful. Could there really be anything to be gained from harming others during our stay here? It is not preferable; and more reasonable; to relax and enjoy ourselves quietly; just as if we were visiting a different neighborhood? Therefore; if in the midst of your enjoyment of the world you have a moment; try to help in however small a way those who are the downtrodden and those who for whatever reason; cannot or do not help themselves. Try not to turn away from those whose appearance is disturbing; from the ragged and unwell. Try never to think of them as inferior to yourself. If you can; try not even to think of yourself as better than the humblest beggar. Your will look the same in your grave. (less)
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Nov 21, 2011B.t. Newberg rated it really liked it
The Dalai Lama reaches past religious boundaries in this call for a new ethics practical for peoples of all beliefs, religious and secular. Although religions have provided ethical instruction in the past, they are losing their hold. Therefore we need an ethics which does not depend on religions, one which is at home in both religious and secular contexts. This he seeks to provide in Ethics for the New Millennium.

To begin, the Dalai Lama urges the need to ground all actions in positive mental states. These states are not unique to any one tradition, but are common to all religions and philosophies. Qualities like love, compassion, patience, forgiveness, and so on are common to all. Actions arising out of these positive states, he claims, are automatically ethical. In contrast, those arising from negative or "afflictive" states may be ethically questionable. So there is a pressing need to cultivate positive mental states and let actions flow from them.

This stance is grounded in "our basic sameness as human beings... we all desire to be happy and to avoid suffering" (p. 4). The Dalai Lama shows how we are all connected and interdependent, and concern for others is the best way to promote our own happiness. Ultimately, positive mental states and concern for others lead to the greatest happiness for both others and ourselves.

Because of this basic fact, the Dalai Lama calls for a "spiritual revolution." He distinguishes this against religion, which is concerned with faith claims and metaphysics. In contrast, spirituality is concerned with "those qualities of the human spirit--such as love and compassion, patience, tolerance, forgiveness, contentment, a sense of responsibility, a sense of harmony--which bring happiness to both self and others" (p. 22). Cultivating these qualities does not require recourse to any religious or metaphysical belief system. It only requires spiritual practice consisting of 
  • "acting out of concern for others' well-being" on the one hand, and
  •  "transforming ourselves so that we become more readily disposed to do so" on the other (p. 23). 
The revolution called for is thus one of character development.

To begin this development, the Dalai Lama appeals to our natural capacity for empathy, and urges its transformation into compassion. This alone is not enough, however. We also need discipline, in order to deal with negative states and emotions. These obstruct our aspirations to happiness. Just as concern for others ensures happiness for ourselves, so too does harming others harm ourselves. So, we need some level of discipline. While some may say this denies personal freedom, the Dalai Lama argues the opposite. He says that negative emotions like anger enslave us. True freedom lies in voluntary restraint.

In addition to compassion and discipline, we also need wise discernment and a number of other important qualities. The Dalai Lama explores these in turn. In the process he has frequent recourse to Tibetan terms and proverbs, which he explains clearly and without obtuseness. Far from being idiosyncratic, these serve to flesh out the Dalai Lama's personal perspective while inviting the reader to meet him halfway.

The Dalai Lama's discourse roves over many topics and looks at the problem from numerous angles. It acknowledges various limitations and avoids extremes. And yet there remains a nagging question: are good intentions really enough?

The book never quite surmounts this problem. The Dalai Lama addresses it in a disclaimer: "This is not to say that all we need to do is cultivate spiritual values and these problems will automatically disappear. On the contrary, each of them needs a specific solution. But we find that when this spiritual dimension is neglected, we have no hope of achieving a lasting solution" (p. 24). So it is clear that good intentions are not enough, but without them we have little chance. Ethics for the New Millennium provides one half of the solution. The other half awaits us.

Thus far the book reminds us of common truths, often overlooked yet vital to happiness. But important as they are, they are hardly controversial. The controversial part comes in the chapter entitled "Peace and Disarmament." 

This is where the Dalai Lama lays out his concrete vision for military disestablishment. Committed to non-violence, he believes world peace is an achievable goal. This is not peace not in the abstract, but in the concrete. War may seem justifiable by many and various arguments, but ultimate it comes down to suffering. "Although paradoxically the aim of most military campaigns is peace, in reality, war is like fire in the human community, one whose fuel is living people" (p. 203). So, we need to consider disarmament. Of course, we cannot simply lay down our weapons in a day. Yet somehow we must find a way to do so by gradual process. He proposes a number of ways forward, including "zones of peace," which are essentially demilitarized zones between nations. He believes the United Nations can play a role, but it has limitations. Nations are represented, but their people are not. Perhaps what we need is a "World Council of the People," which could represent people when their governments fail to serve them. Through such strategies, the Dalai Lama believes in time world peace is possible.

As for religions, the Dalai Lama is optimistic for their place in years to come. They can "play a leading role in encouraging people to develop a sense of responsibility toward others and of the need to be ethically disciplined" (p. 220). The biggest obstacle to religion's continued relevance is the tendency to devalue others' religions. The best solution is dialogue. There is no need to say all religions are essentially the same, or to create some new "super" or "world" religion. We only need to learn from each other, and set a good example by developing good relations with other faith traditions. In this way, religions can find an important place in the new millennium.

Overall, the book puts forward an inspiring vision. The writing style is less that of a precise philosopher than of a gentle grandparent. Some views seem naive, particularly the way other religions are portrayed as essentially concerned with the same positive values. While this may be true more or less, it obscures differences which lead to disagreement and conflict. Another naive view is the claim that actions arising from positive mental states are automatically ethical. Surely a great deal more is required before we can call an action "ethical" in any meaningful sense. The Dalai Lama begins to address this in the chapter on discernment, but does not fully develop the idea. Yet despite these faults, the book manages to inspire nonetheless. Ethics for the New Millennium offers plenty to contemplate.

The greatest strength of the book is its unerring faith in humanity. While suffering is granted as a matter of course, human goodness remains a real possibility. This, in spite of great conflict. This faith is demonstrated in the willingness of the author, himself a religious leader, to recognize and even advocate a place for the secular. Ultimately, peace does not lie in sectarian division, but in our common humanity.

"For whereas the fundamental questions of human existence, such as why we are here, where we are going, and whether the universe had a beginning, heave each elicited different responses in different philosophical traditions, 
it is self-evident that a generous heart and wholesome actions lead to greater peace." (p. 120-121) (less)
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Mar 15, 2018Samantha rated it it was amazing
Shelves: on-the-bookshelf
Everyone should read this book. It should be required reading in school. He writes so eloquently and simply about the deepest subjects. He questions your motives and encourages you to become more self aware and better stewards of the earth. I highly recommend this book.
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Nov 08, 2008Scott Merkling rated it it was amazing
This is one of the best surveys of Buddhist thought available for westerners. In his lovable style and simple, straightforward prose, His Holiness provides people of all walks of life with what they have always wanted... the key to happiness.
Of all the books I have read by His Holiness the Dalai Lama this is the one that feels the most direct, not through an interpreter or narrator. Reading this is the next best thing to a conversation with the man himself.
Also of note is that the practice described in this work is decidedly non-religious. It provides an excelent opportunity for non-Buddhists to fing the kind of inner peace they have been looking for and experience the benifits of their individual worship in more powerful ways. (less)
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Jul 09, 2009Scott Dinsmore rated it really liked it
Why I Read this Book: Who could pass up the opportunity to learn about ethics from the Dali Lama himself.

Review:

Ethics are an interesting concept. A set of rules or ways of life that guide us to live life in a positive way both for ourselves and for those around us. This is my definition and hopefully at this point in your journey towards success, you have developed your own definitions of ethics and values. The unfortunate fact of life is that there are too many people out there who do not have a firm understanding of their own ethics with regard to themselves and the people with which they come in contact. We see it every day in the malicious acts that go on throughout the world. Without a foundation from which to build, many people find themselves lost and insecure when it comes to ethics.

I had the pleasure of reading this book for the first time while traveling through Europe with my immediate family a few years back. I cannot encourage a better setting for new thinking and understanding than a foreign place out of your comfort zone. My mother had recently given me this book as a gift. The ironic thing for me was that ethics had been a top priority since day one growing up in my family, and my mother was the primary teacher (with my father of course). I was lucky enough to have had a solid foundation before picking this book so I can only imagine the impact it would have on someone who was a bit more misdirected in their younger days.

So much of success is about how one treats others and themselves in their journey through life. Terms such as core values, ethics and principles should be commonplace in anyone’s day to day quest for success. Look at the words of Stephen Covey, Tony Robbins, Dale Carnegie and Richard Bolles in their books reviewed on this site. The very foundation of their teachings grows from the above terms just as the Dali Lama’s do here. The road to success and fulfillment becomes long and dark without a firm understanding of ethics and values to lead the way.

It is interesting to read a book by the Dali Lama. He is one of the most religious figures in the new world with his strict Buddhist faith and he is trying to write a book for the general public. You can see some potential biases here. This was what impressed me most. The Dali Lama has lived his life according toreligion every step of the way, yet in this book he puts no huge focus on any one faith or religion at all. By no means does he force his religious ideas or those of others. I believe his main point here is that ethics transcend religion. In fact ethics transcend every other school of thought. This was quite refreshing to me as I read through his words and tried to think of them with regards to my own life.

He starts out by spending a few chapters on general ethics to get the reader comfortable with the topic. Here he includes thoughts on globally universal topics such as material wealth and its effect on society, what’s morally good and bad, and happiness. He then moves on to discuss personal ethics. The heart of which is having compassion as the heart of all of one’s actions. This concept was especially powerful for me. If each person only did things for which they had true compassion, I think we would all be off to an ethically great start.

Something else that struck me as particularly powerful was the Dali Lamas description of the gap between perception and reality in our lives. This concept is not new to Reading For Your Success and for that reason it deserves some attention. So much of life comes down to perception. Whether good or bad, our life, our emotions, our feelings come down to our perception of reality. The root of unhappiness and unfulfilled goals and dreams is often due to an incorrect perception in one’s life. This is true even for our most cherished and fundamental goal. I say “our” because I can comfortably speak for everyone when I say that we all have one goal in common. That goal is to be happy.

It sounds so simple but take a minute right now to think of your goals. If you haven’t developed your goals yet (I encourage you to do so as soon as you can), try to think back on dreams or fantasies of your own. What is really driving your dream or goal to be thin, have your own business, help others or be financially wealthy? What is the real reason for striving for success as hard as so many of us do? It all comes back to happiness. It was not until getting through a number of the books on this site that I realized the true value of this. We all have one fundamental goal in common. In fact at the end of the day happiness is the only goal. That is why ethics can transcend through cultures, religions and generations and still be the root of all motivations in life. I encourage you to take some time to think about your understanding and view on ethics and develop your own set of values based on those ethics. They will be invaluable and fundamental in your quest for success.

-Reading for Your Success (less)

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Apr 03, 2015Ellie Taylor rated it it was amazing
Shelves: generally-favorites, every-book-i-own-almost
If I could hand a copy of this book to each person of the world I sincerely believe we would have a more prosperous society.

It's taken me a few weeks to complete this, in part due to the gravity of the subject, and in part due to illness, but this is one a very short list of books which have come to profoundly move and change my perspectives of the world. Certainly in a book regarding ethics there are many levels of discussion taking place, some religious, some political, some internal or external, but the true messages of this book are meaningful to each and every reader.

In an effort to cultivate compassion and love for all people, we have the opportunity to gradually alter our world and the lives of others for the better. Though this is a book of many grand ideals and ideas, it manages to maintain realism and a sense of understanding that we cannot, and as argued within, should not seek to completely overturn our lives. Change for all begins with meaningful small steps in our hearts, heads and practices.

I cannot adequately describe the pleasure, peace and hope I acquired through reading this volume, but I will say that I'll be purchasing my own copy as this was borrowed, and it's going to the top of my list for books to give as gifts.

If you've ever had any interest in improving your own life, your families, your community, in understanding humanity or becoming a happier, well-rounded individual, please pick this up. It will resonate most deeply.



reread 7/22/16 (less)
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Jan 24, 2010Alice rated it it was amazing
What the Dalai Lama writes in this book really reflects a lot of my own personal philosophy. His main belief is that all humans want to find happiness and aviod suffering. The best way to do this is by living a life of love, compassion, patience, forgiveness, tolerance, and humility. He beleives that religious practice often cultivates these in our lives, but he argues that it is not NECESSARY to be an active participant in a religious practice to live an ethically grounded life.

 I find this very encouraging in a world which is quite secular. He also speaks about out how acceptance of other cultures and religions is so important in today's world. A main downfall that is implicit in most religions is the claim each has to being the one "true" religion. This is important to an individual practitioner... you must be committed to your beliefs for them to have meaning, but it often leads to people not respecting the paths of others. When we become so passionate about our own religion, that sometimes leads us to assume that others are choosing the "wrong" path, not recognizing that their true path might be quite different from our own. 

The Dalai Lama spends a lot of time talking about how the world can move toward world peace, and although his goals are quite lofty, I find them inspiring and refreshing. (less)
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Jun 27, 2007Samantha Newman rated it really liked it
Shelves: religionandthelike
I wanted to find a way to simply be more peaceful in my daily life, and it seems to me that real Buddhists are pretty peaceful people, so the Dalai Lama seemed to be a good place to go to for some ideas on peace.

I enjoyed reading the book and it does give some really good ideas and ways to think. I found myself identifying with the people he described that I wish I wasn't like! This gave me ideas on how to change, or simple ways to think differently to be happier and kinder and more peaceful in general.

The book also focuses on humanitarian feelings, too, from what I remember.

His ideas are wonderful, and if they could be applied in our world, it would definitely be an amazing place. Maybe I'm being a pessimist, or something, or a "realist," or a party pooper, I don't know. But unfortunately I think many of his ideas are so Utopian - which isn't a bad thing - it's just that I don't think they can or will be realistically applied in our life, in this world. But if they could, and would be, the world really would be amazing. (less)
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Jul 26, 2014Molly Montgomery rated it really liked it
I thought this book provided insightful guidelines for ethics, and I like how the Dalai Lama specifically directed his advice towards non-religious people and was very open to the possibility that one can lead an ethical life without religion. If you're looking for specific suggestions on how to act like a better person, you probably need to consult more specific philosophers or religious texts because this book does not give you them. The Dalai Lama appeals to the universal human desire to find happiness and avoid suffering, and uses that to make a compelling argument for universal responsibility towards other humans and life in general. However, his advice really is only enough to get you started thinking about how you can be more ethically responsible, and beyond that it's up to you to do the rest of work. A good read, and definitely relevant to everyone, no matter your background or religion. (less)
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Jun 03, 2008Tommy rated it liked it
The most impressive thing about this book is that it came out in early 2001 - months before our nation underwent an unprecedented tragedy - and the Dalai Lama's message of a roadmap for peaceful coexistence in our world resonates just as powerfully today as it did in what Americans would consider more 'peaceful' days.

I re-read this after 9/11 and felt like it was a handbook for the world's leaders to follow. I don't think any did - ours sure didn't - but the book also talks about our own personal responsibility as humans to one another and, most poignantly, in this age of climate change, economic struggles, and derision of anyone who doesn't share our views, the Dalai Lama reminds us that we are all connected, and everything we do has the potential to effect others in ways unimagined.

Makes ya think. (less)
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Jan 23, 2009Will rated it liked it
Shelves: philosophy
As a brief and necessarily general work, this book isn't exactly revelatory, but its simplicity is soothing and its message always welcome, however familiar. After all, there's a difference between being familiar with and remaining aware of ethical principles, not to mention the difference between remaining aware of and acting on them. For the duration of the book, I was at least aware.

Ultimately, I'd prefer a more specific discussion of how the Dalai Lama's experience and belief are relevant to a modern global society, particularly a discussion with more pointed comparisons and anecdotes, but for an introduction to universal ethics addressed to a broad audience, this is an admirable place to start. (less)
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Sep 24, 2011Laura K rated it it was amazing
Shelves: favorites
Excellent and thought-provoking, this book presents "a moral system based on universal, rather than religious principles." Love, compassion, patience, tolerance, humility , forgiveness. 

I especially appreciated the fact that he discusses what's right with the world (hope based on a greater awareness of ecology, cooperation, awareness, ect.), and not just what is troubling. 

He deals with difficult issues (how can different religions co-exist, how can different religious practitioners still stay true to their own faith while appreciating others, how much responsibilty do we each bear for other suffering humans and animals, and so on). This is definitely one of the best books I have ever read! (less)
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Sep 17, 2007Jamie rated it really liked it
Shelves: soulfood
If you think there's no religious leaders out there with a rational perspective, Tenzin Gyatso is the exception to the rule.

this guy always makes me smile. Of course, he has his ethical background in Tibetan Buddhism, but he clearly distinguishes between the ethical, the spiritual, and the religious, in common terms, and in a way that relates the "Buddhist" to the "Human", without imposing dogma.

H.H. provides a practical metaphysical ground for a realistic platform of compassion as the standard "principle", but in a pragmatic way, and without any serious trappings of relativism.
-dig (less)
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Oct 31, 2008Sherry (sethurner) rated it really liked it
Shelves: mind-and-spirit, nonfiction, in-sickness-and-health
I was really interested in what the Dalai Lama had to say about what and ethical life is, and why people would want to lead an ethical life. Simplfying it greatly, his answer is that if people live according to the notion that possessions, money and self interest are the most important thing, they will not find happiness. His compelling argument is that people will only be happy if they strive to have good relationships and ease the suffering of others. I found his writing to be compelling and accessible. (less)
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=======

About the Author
Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, is the spiritual and temporal leader of the Tibetan people. His tireless efforts on behalf of human rights and world peace have brought him international recognition. He is the recipient of the Wallenberg Award (conferred by the U.S. Congressional Human Rights Foundation), the Albert Schweitzer Award, and the Nobel Peace Prize.

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Riverhead Books; Reissue edition (1 May 2001)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 256 pages


Mindful America: The Mutual Transformation of Buddhist Meditation and American Culture: Wilson, Jeff

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Table of Contents
Introduction: Waking Up in Mindful America
1. Mediating Mindfulness: How Does Mindfulness Reach America?
2. Mystifying Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Made Available for Appropriation?
3. Medicalizing Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Modified to Fit a Scientific and Therapeutic Culture?
4. Mainstreaming Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Adapted to Middle-Class Needs?
5. Marketing Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Turned into a Commercial Product?
6. Moralizing Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Related to Values and Worldviews?
Postscript: Making Sense of Mindfulness
Bibliography
Notes
Index



Thirty years ago, "mindfulness" was a Buddhist principle mostly obscure to the west. Today, it is a popular cure-all for Americans' daily problems. A massive and lucrative industry promotes mindfulness in every aspect of life, however mundane or unlikely: Americans of various faiths (or none at all) practice mindful eating, mindful sex, mindful parenting, mindfulness in the office, mindful sports, mindfulness-based stress relief and addiction recovery, and hire mindful divorce lawyers. Mindfulness is touted by members of Congress, CEOs, and Silicon Valley tech gurus, and is even being taught in public schools, hospitals, and the military.

Focusing on such processes as the marketing, medicalization, and professionalization of meditation, Jeff Wilsonreveals how Buddhism shed its countercultural image and was assimilated into mainstream American culture. The rise of mindfulness in America, Wilson argues, is a perfect example of how Buddhism enters new cultures and is domesticated: in each case, the new cultures take from Buddhism what they believe will relieve their specific distresses and concerns, and in the process create new forms of Buddhism adapted to their needs. Wilson also tackles the economics of the mindfulness movement, examining commercial programs, therapeutic services, and products such as books, films, CDs, and even smartphone applications.

Mindful America is the first in-depth study of this phenomenon--invaluable for understanding how mindfulness came to be applied to such a vast array of non-religious concerns and how it can be reconciled with traditional Buddhism in America.




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Editorial Reviews

Review

"The definitive catalogue of the ways 'mindfulness' is being used by Americans."--Journal of the American Academy of Religion


"Feature[s] a superb bibliography of contemporary English-language writings on mindfulness...Recommended."--CHOICE



"This book [is] fascinating, eye-opening...I hope that the makers of the mindfulness movement will read [this] and consider its implications for their work and for Buddhism in America. I hardly need add that all scholars of contemporary Buddhism and of American history should do the same."--H-NET



"[A] compelling study."--Journal of Religion


"But true to his word, Wilson never indulges in speculation about whether or not mindfulness delivers on its professed benefits. His unsparing account instead amounts to a spirited cross-examination of everything 'mindful' in America."--Tricycle Magazine



"Despite its intended scholarly audience, this is an accessible and remarkably jargon-free study. Wilson is clearly not a reluctant writer, and his prose is clear without being reductive or dry. The readability, and thus possibility of a larger, non-academic audience, is due in large part to the fantastic organization of his argument. He makes his case clearly and forcefully, without treading into repetition."--Winnipeg Free Press



"Mindful America could not be more timely: mindfulness is widespread, at its height of its influence, and significant both in terms of the history of American religion and of Buddhism. This book is well researched, thoughtfully conceived, provocative, intelligently theorized, and accessible to both scholarly and lay audiences. Any serious consideration of mindfulness in the West must address the issues Wilson brings up in this important book." --David L. McMahan, author of Buddhism in the Modern World



"This is a much-needed guide to the mindfulness movement that has moved onto central stage in American Buddhism over the course of the last two decades. Jeff Wilson demystifies the current mindfulness vogue by setting it in historical perspective and providing insightful analyses of the way in which an Asian Buddhist religious practice and value has been spiritualized, medicalized, psychologized, and secularized as it has been reshaped to address the needs of middle class Americans. General readers, practitioners, teachers, authors, and promoters alike will value Wilson's insights into the way in which mindfulness as a technique to address suffering has come to mean many different things for many different people. Wilson again shows himself to be the leading interpreter of the American Buddhist scene." --Richard Seager, Bates and Benjamin Professor of Religious Studies, Hamilton College



"In this well-honed study, Jeff Wilson explores the mindfulness movement in the context of modern American religion and culture. As he does so, we are invited to reflect upon the multi-faceted phenomena of religious transformation, appropriation, and commodification of old world meditation techniques and new world realities. An engaging and enlightening read." --Jan Willis, author of Dreaming Me: Black, Baptist and Buddhist-One Woman's Spiritual Journey



"Mindful America is a superb study by Jeff Wilson, scholar of American religion, that situates the practice of mindfulness within the lineage of American religious movements. What makes this movement unique, of course, is the central focus on the traditionally Buddhist practice of mindfulness... The study has both breadth and depth―appropriately encompassing of the broad expanse of mindfulness practice yet specific enough to avoid reckless generalization that neglects the nuance and subtlety of mindfulness in America today. No stone is left unturned as Wilson seeks to understand mindfulness in the broadest possible contexts―in light of the aforementioned American cultural tropes―alongside some of its benevolent and dastardly particulars: from mindfulness for suicidality to mindfulness for sex. In the end, it represents an ideal example of the study of religion in America." --U.S. Studies Online



"In Mindful America, Wilson explores the origin of the mindfulness movement. The book offers one of the first critical descriptions of the movement, which is focused on more that the movement's practices... Mindful America does a very good job in exploring the mindfulness movement." --Metapsychology




About the Author

Jeff Wilson is Associate Professor of Religious Studies and East Asian Studies at Renison University College (University of Waterloo). He is the author of Mourning the Unborn Dead: A Buddhist Ritual Comes to America (2009) and Dixie Dharma: Inside a Buddhist Temple in the American South (2012).



Product details
Publisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press; 1st edition (August 1, 2014)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 280 pages

#9,189 in Meditation (Books)Customer Reviews:
4.3 out of 5 stars 24 ratings


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SkepticMeditations

4.0 out of 5 stars How has Asian religion been adapted for mainstream America?Reviewed in the United States on April 10, 2015
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Mindful America is an exploration of the mindfulness phenomena, concerned with large-scale trends that can be observed within the movement, and the forces behind these trends.

Wilson argues that mindfulness over the last three decades has gone from an obscure Asian religious technique to a widely touted panacea and a serious money making industry. Today, mindfulness is touted as a cutting edge technique said to produce everything from financial success to mind blowing orgasms.

This 260 page book is well-researched and easy to read for the lay person. I'd give this book three stars for writing style but four stars for the author's leading-edge research in this wildly popular phenomena, the mindfulness movement in America.

Wilson’s treatment of his subject is often predictable and formulaic. Sometimes his critiques of the movement's advocates get repetitive chapter to chapter. Nevertheless, he weaves hundreds of interesting facts, quotations, and sources from the mindfulness movement and addresses six questions.

Mindful America explores six questions under these chapter titles (I provide a few quotes from the chapters):

Chapter 1 Mediating Mindfulness: How Does Mindfulness Reach America?

In this classic presentation [of the Satipatthana Sutta] mindfulness is taught to the monks, not the general Buddhist community, and it is clearly associated with traditional transcendent monastic concerns, such as nirvana. Mindfulness meditation is to be pursued as a way to disengage from clinging to the everyday world of suffering and turn toward a rigorous discipline, resulting in breakage of the cycle of rebirth. p21

Chapter 2 Mystifying Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Made Available for Appropriation?

For foreign religious practices to be successfully appropriated by mainstream American society, they need to be rendered spiritual and personal to best fit into the prevailing trends in religious orientation...Hinduism is appropriated as yoga, Islam as Sufi poetry, Daoism as tai-chi, Japanese folk healing as reiki, and Buddhism as mindfulness.

The historic authority over these practices of Asians, Middle Easterners, and other groups coded as non-white in American society must be dissolved so that white Americans can claim authority over them, an authority that issues from the fact that these are now self-evidently universal, spiritual, or medical practices available to all comers, which new constituencies have a right to use, and to sell, as they wish. p61-62

Chapter 3 Medicalizing Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Modified to Fit a Scientific and Therapeutic Culture?

Buddhist monks were supposed to preach, chant, and performed blessings. Too much meditation was believed to cause mental illness. And, anyway, the proper Buddhist methods for dealing with psychological issues, sickness, and other health impairments were exorcism and chanting, not mindfulness. p76

Buddhist practice has been removed from the realm of religion and professionalized to become the property of psychologists, doctors, scientists, and diet counselors, to be engaged in by clients rather than believers, who are not expected to take refuge, read scriptures, believe in karma or rebirth, or to become Buddhist. p103

Chapter 4 Mainstreaming Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Adapted to Middle Class Needs?

At the heart of OneTaste is Orgasmic Meditation (OM), a form of mindful clitoral stimulation that OneTaste devotees practice daily, either in a group setting or at one of the OneTaste centers, or at home if they have taken OneTaste workshops. As the OneTaste website states, “Practitioners experience benefits similar to other mindfulness practices such as sitting in meditation, as well as the well-known benefits associated with orgasm”. p122

[In] the Satipatthana and Mahasatipatthana Suttas...the Buddha tells the reader to think of one’s own body as a rotting, oozing corpse eaten by worms and disintegrating into its component parts. Mindful-eating authors never quote these passages. p118

Chapter 5 Marketing Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Turned into a Commercial Product?

Here's nine of the many commercial mindful "products" discussed in the book:

Mindful Horsemanship: Daily Inspirations for Better Communications with Your Horse (sport)
Tennis Fitness for the Love of It: A Mindful Approach (sport)
OneTaste: female orgasm through the practice of Orgasmic Meditation (sex)
The Heart of Buddhist Meditation (religion)
The Mindful Brain (science)
Mindful Therapy (therapy)
Mindful Knitting (hobby)
Mindful Mints (breath freshener)
MindfulMayo Dressing and Sandwich Spread (food)

Chapter 6 Moralizing Mindfulness: How is Mindfulness Related to Values and Worldviews?

In mindfulness movement writings the present moment becomes both savior and heaven: the vehicle for salvation and salvation itself. As Thich Nhat Hanh asserts in You are Here: Discovering the Magic of the Present Moment: “The only moment in which you can be truly alive is the present moment. The present moment is the destination, the point to arrive at”. p174

...Mindful civil religion does not call for mandatory participation in mindful activities, radical changes to the economic structure, aggressive or combative politcial struggle, or class warfare. Rather, for many it is apparent that mindful capitalism will be sufficient, as will mindful politics, mindful consumption, mindful work, and so on. p183

We might call this secular religion, one devoid of the supernatural and the afterlife yet operating as a deep well of values, life orientation, and utopian vision. p185

Those who do attach morals to or derive values from their mindfulness practice are often people with a connection to a religious tradition, especially Buddhism. p185

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Mark J. Knickelbine

4.0 out of 5 stars A Fascinating Look at the Evolution of Buddhism in AmericaReviewed in the United States on December 18, 2014
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The first full look at the impact of Buddhism and the mindfulness movement on American culture makes for a fascinating and important read. Wilson tells the story of how both Asians and Westerners contributed to the evolution of Buddhism from a supernatural religion based in monasticism to a secular movement based on the personal benefits of meditation. As he relates, Buddhism has always been enmeshed in the economic and cultural dynamics of every society in which it existed; the "selling of mindfulness" in American market capitalism is an extension of that process. Wilson loves to detail some of the lurid ways mindfulness has been used to promote better sex, a better golf swing, better performance in the board room and on the battle field, etc. He sometimes overgeneralizes from these juicy tidbits, and paints the entire mindfulness movement with salacious characteristics as a result. Wilson also focuses on commercial marketing of mindfulness without observing the many free and low-cost resources available to those who wish to practice. And his conclusion that American mindfulness is a form of metaphysical religion akin to Christian Science was hard for me to swallow. But this book is indispensable for anyone who wants to know how the practices and ethics of Buddhism are changing American culture, and how Buddhism is being transformed in return. Plus it's fun to read!

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Nick Y.

2.0 out of 5 stars Not Bad! Some good points. Disappointing overall.Reviewed in the United States on March 31, 2015
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PROs:

- Claims to be an objective study;
- Plenty of facts and observations;
- Mentions many books that can orient one's research;
- Addresses an important social phenomenon;
- Quotes diligently various significant authors;
- The first two chapters are most informative.

CONs:

- Although the author claims to be objective (p.11: "In this book, I do not attempt to push a hard sell for any particular viewpoint on any particular part of the mindfulness movement, or the movement as a whole"), the overall tone is a slightly sarcastic one, and clearly but subtly leaning against the social value of mindfulness.

- Many inconsistencies. Very often it is hard to understand what Wilson is trying to say. I understand the need to be objective, and I certainly appreciate it, but clarity seems to suffer at the expense of the so-called "objectivity."

- Misunderstanding of mindfulness itself. For example, on page 118, Wilson quotes the Satipatthana, and openly demonstrates a misunderstanding of the quote: "In this body there are head-hairs, body-hairs, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone-marrow, kidneys, hearts, liver, diaphragm, etc... In this way he abides contemplating the body as a body internally, externally, and both internally and externally... And he abides independent, not clinging to anything in the world." Wilson interprets this quote as follows: "This traditional source for mindfulness practice advocates viewing the body as impure, full of guts and disgusting substances, and recommends detachment from - not love for and acceptance of - the body." Wilson clearly misses the point of the quote he himself mentions, which, rather than expressing aversion towards the body promotes equanimity. BIG difference.

- Overall, I found myself confronted with two alternating scenarios:
1. Ambiguity when the author tries to be "objective";
2. Gentle sarcasm when the author expresses his own opinions.

- One of Wilson's main point can be roughly expressed as follows: The mindfulness movement is a sneaky phenomenon that, although originates in Buddhism, seeks to deny its origins for marketing purposes.

It is a good book to read for the serious student of Mindfulness, the student who is planning on reading all the books there are on the subject, but it is certainly a waste of time if you are new to the subject. Most of the ideas could have been expressed in less than half the amount of words used.

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WH
3.0 out of 5 stars Readable but by no means a classic.Reviewed in the United Kingdom on June 29, 2015
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A slightly strange book in that its written by an academic really for academic consumption but will of course I suspect be ended up read mostly by practitioners of mindfulness themselves... so the readership will probably be keen practitioners, the author more ambivalent towards mindfulness.

On the plus side, this is a readable work with good chapters on how mindfulness reached America/the west from Asia and towards the end an excellent chapter on Morals and Values - including politics. It does sag however in the middle somewhat and tends towards a repetitive tone with 4 chapters looking respectively at Mystifying, Mecalising, Mainstreaming and Marketing Mindfulness - The language is big on the word 'appropriation' i.e. how mindfulness has been 'appropriated' in America... and mystified - when most would say 'demystified'. Of the three main streams of American mindfulness the author mentions - Jon Kabat-Zinn, Thich Nat Hanh and neo-Theravada (Vipassana, IMS, Sprit Rock etc) - The latter is largely ignored (perhaps because it might undermine his general thesis) and the most time is spent on MBSR with an emphasis on 'consumer mindfulness'. So one might argue that much of this book is taken up with the lighter end of the mindfulness spectrum - which I sense is probably intentional given the authors semi-critical stance.

On the whole I would have preferred more scope and less repetition but a worthy effort nonetheless on a subject that has not been greatly written about yet in academia or religious studies field.
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===
Mindful America: The Mutual Transformation of Buddhist Meditation and American Culture
by Jeff Wilson
 3.68  ·   Rating details ·  56 ratings  ·  11 reviews
Thirty years ago, mindfulness was a Buddhist principle mostly obscure to the west. Today, it is a popular cure-all for Americans' daily problems. A massive and lucrative industry promotes mindfulness in every aspect of life, however mundane or unlikely: Americans of various faiths (or none
at all) practice mindful eating, mindful sex, mindful parenting, mindfulness in the office, mindful sports, mindfulness-based stress relief and addiction recovery, and hire mindful divorce lawyers. Mindfulness is touted by members of Congress, CEOs, and Silicon Valley tech gurus, and is even being
taught in public schools, hospitals, and the military.

Focusing on such processes as the marketing, medicalization, and professionalization of meditation, Jeff Wilson reveals how Buddhism shed its countercultural image and was assimilated into mainstream American culture. The rise of mindfulness in America, Wilson argues, is a perfect example of how
Buddhism enters new cultures and is domesticated: in each case, the new cultures take from Buddhism what they believe will relieve their specific distresses and concerns, and in the process create new forms of Buddhism adapted to their needs. Wilson also tackles the economics of the mindfulness
movement, examining commercial programs, therapeutic services, and products such as books, films, CDs, and even smartphone applications.

Mindful America is the first in-depth study of this phenomenon--invaluable for understanding how mindfulness came to be applied to such a vast array of non-religious concerns and how it can be reconciled with traditional Buddhism in America.
(less)
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Carolyn Harris
Aug 09, 2022Carolyn Harris rated it really liked it
Shelves: healthy-living, philosophy, audiobooks
Thought provoking analysis of how Buddhist spiritualism developed into current ideas of mindfulness and how mindfulness has been interpreted in a variety of different contexts including healthy eating and workplace culture. The writing style is quite dense but covers a wide range of topics. The audiobook is well read.
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Chanelle
Oct 06, 2017Chanelle rated it liked it
This book was very informative but also highly critical of the modern Mindfulness Movement. While I agree with Wilson's perspective on the watering down of Buddhist practices to fit into the American mainstream, I'm not so sure I agree with his generally negative view of the overall impact. I would, however, recommend this title to anyone interested in the roots of the Mindfulness Movement (especially MBSR and other related programs). (less)
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Robert
Jun 06, 2019Robert rated it really liked it
Shelves: health
Meditation is becoming more and more popular in the US. Not only is it recommended by mainstream self-help gurus like Tim Ferriss, it is increasingly recognized by the medical community as a useful treatment for stress and PTSD.

I am a meditator too. I started experimenting with meditation about 2 years ago and I still try to meditate every day but before reading this, all the books I'd read on meditation were written to encourage Americans to meditate, e.g:

-Catching the Big Fish by David Lynch

-The Art of Living by S.N. Goenka

-Strength in Stillness by Bob Roth

-Where ever you go, there you are by Jon Kabat-Zinn

Wilson is not against meditation, but he does not advocate for it either, he only focuses on examining the spread of meditation in the US as a social phenomenon.

Some things I learned:

(1) He makes a big point of emphasizing meditation's Buddhist roots. Most Americans know that meditation has some vague religious roots, but books targeted towards Americans typically don't mention religion at all.

Wilson argues that meditation is very much an intrinsically Buddhist practice and that the fact that meditation popularizers don't mention this is very deliberate.

(2) It was extremely interesting seeing how Buddhism was packaged and sold to Americans.
-Aspects of Buddhism that were "weird" were deemphasized.
-Aspects of Buddhism that seemed "scientific" were emphasized.
-Meditation is presented as the ultimate self-help tool: something that will make you slimmer, happier, richer and all other desirable things.

(3) I was really surprised to learn that for most of history Buddhists thought of meditation as a difficult advanced technique meant for monks trying to achieve nirvana, not something easy for every housewife and office drone trying to manage their stress.

(4) I was very intrigued by the idea that "American Buddhism" is changing "Original Buddhism". The popularity of the American spin on Buddhism is filtering back to the source and is changing how Buddhism is practiced in Asian Buddhist communities.

Will meditation continue to increase in popularity in the US?

Will Americans become more familiar with "original buddhism" and correspondingly change their values?
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Russell Eric Dobda
Oct 27, 2020Russell Eric Dobda rated it liked it
Shelves: philosophy
Densely written book explores how Buddhism has been appropriated into America's "Mindfulness" movement through a systematic approach: Mystifying Mindfulness to strip it of religion and its Buddhist Roots so as to attract a wider audience, including Christians who think yoga is of the devil; Medicalizing Mindfulness to break its benefits down into digestible pieces with "scientifically proven benefits" that can be more easily consumed in the world of "self help," Mainstreaming Mindfulness to make it appeal to the middle class by even going so far as the concept of "mindful consumption" and "mindful luxury" or any other mainstream activity. Marketing Mindfulness gets the word out through western marketing methods, and Moralizing Mindfulness to tie the processes into western world views and even push some of them forward. The one part they left out is what this book is: Academicizing Mindfulness -- this is a very academically written book, but the concepts are enlightening and it's a good read for anyone in the "Mindfulness Industry" whether they by yoga teachers, youtube stars preaching mindfulness, or practitioners like myself who sell meditation albums that "distill" ancient practices into pieces more suited for western consumption. (less)
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ジェイミー
Sep 04, 2018ジェイミー rated it it was amazing
Shelves: psychology, religion-philosophy
"It's about time somebody wrote this!" - Not Jon Kabat-Zinn

The book is a thoughtful counterweight to the dominant influence of mindfulness in American culture. The author asks the reader to reflect on the cultural context and values from which mindfulness was originally derived in light of its contemporary usage. I think the book is important b/c it essentially highlights the mutual transformation of two societies and the incentives that keep those within each group from evaluating the consequences of such actions. As a psychologist and researcher of psychotherapies that incorporate Kabat-Zinn technology, I found Wilson's evaluation to be fair and, if anything, too kind to the possible consequence of what it means to extract core beliefs from a group of people while simultaneously diminishing elements it dislikes. (less)
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Shaun Terry jr.
Aug 26, 2017Shaun Terry jr. rated it it was amazing
This book should be required reading for anyone who wishes to take up mindfulness, meditation, Buddhism, or even just yoga. It does an excellent job of pointing out how it is that many of the very problems that mindfulness attempts to solve are actually made worse by the deployment of mindfulness. I've read no book that's clearer—or more interesting—on theses subjects. ...more
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Elizabeth
Jun 17, 2022Elizabeth marked it as to-read
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kylie (allegedly) 
Aug 05, 2019kylie (allegedly) rated it it was amazing
Shelves: research
jeff wilson TY!! ur gonna be bright big star in the dark dark night of my research paper
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Danny Stofleth
Sep 30, 2014Danny Stofleth rated it liked it
In his book, Wilson does a great job of critiquing the commercialization of mindfulness and sketching a history of the evolution of the concept. I particularly enjoyed his discussion of the rhetoric of science being applied in the Western world as a selling point.

However, there were many inconsistencies in the book that were frustrating. Wilson is a religious scholar and has significant knowledge in Buddhist studies, so it puzzles the reader when he seems to be ignorant about the most basic connections in Buddhist thought (for instance, that desire and insecurity are considered inherently linked rather than being separate concepts altogether, pg. 167).

I was also surprised at how poorly he misrepresented his argument about it being only Western mindfulness leaders pushing the "science" of mindfulness. This is definitely worthy of investigation, but in his quest to defame these leaders, he misrepresents the evidence by not citing non-Western authors, including the Dalai Lama's numerous commentaries on this exact point. He did such thorough research, but I got the impression he was purposefully ignoring evidence - in several cases - simply to further his arguments. He also cites random "mindfulness teachers" to support his points or poke fun at their "ridiculous" words, many times without explaining who they are or why their comments are relevant.

In general, it seemed like a very condescending attempt at a take-down of mindfulness, with particular defaming (and often puzzling) words aimed at popular mindfulness teachers, such as Thich Nhat Hanh, Jack Kornfield, and Jon Kabat-Zinn. There were parts where I wondered, "Why is this relevant?" On pg. 140, he attacks Jon Kabat-Zinn for posting his academic credentials in a bio on a book sleeve.

There are definitely some interesting parts to this book and some useful history. But having seen how often Wilson misrepresents the evidence, I'm hesitant to believe much of what I read, without authenticating it all through other sources. (less)
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Sarah
Oct 21, 2015Sarah rated it liked it
Shelves: read-in-2015
While this is largely an academic text (i.e. dry and sleep-inducing in several parts), the description of the evolution of the mindfulness movement in the US was thoroughly informative and interesting.



===
Journal of Global Buddhism Vol. 17 (2016): 25-31
Corresponding author: Per Drougge, Dept. of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, per@drougge.eu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ISSN 1527-6457 (online).
B o o k R e v i e w
Mindful America: The Mutual Transformation
of Buddhist Meditation and American Culture
By Jeff Wilson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, 280
pages. ISBN 978-0-19-982782-7 (hardcover), $29.95; ISBN
978-0-19-982782-4 (eBook)
Reviewed by Per Drougge, Stockholm University
he first thing to be said about Jeff Wilson’s latest book is that its appearance was
extremely well-timed. While several trend-spotting journalists and other
observers of the psycho-spiritual marketplace dubbed 2014 as “the year of
mindfulness,” the last couple of years have also seen an upsurge in critical engagement
with the mindfulness phenomenon. The number of lively debates provoked by articles
published in popular media also indicates a growing willingness—as well as the need—to
think critically about mindfulness and the global mindfulness industry. Mindful America is
the first book-length study of mindfulness as a social and cultural phenomenon, and with
its wide scope and accessible style, it is likely to become an important reference for
further discussions on the subject.
Wilson does not spend much time dealing with the various criticisms that have been
directed at the mindfulness movement by Buddhists, scholars, and theorists over the
years. In fact, he goes to great pains avoiding anything resembling a polemical stance.
The book is nevertheless structured around two basic assumptions on which not
everyone will agree. The first is that we can meaningfully talk about a singular
mindfulness movement, encompassing everything from the docile pieties of Thich Nhat
Hanh to masturbation manuals and MindfulMayo™. The second is that the proliferation
of mindfulness-labeled products and services is a paradigmatic example of how
Buddhism adapts to and gains mass appeal in a new host-culture by offering practical or
worldly benefits.
While certainly not unproblematic, I find these approaches to the subject matter both
refreshing and illuminating, for a number of reasons. The extremely inclusive view
(anyone using the word “mindfulness” for marketing purposes belongs to Wilson’s
mindfulness movement), effectively avoids the normative trap of deciding what is
proper or authentic mindfulness. Placing mindfulness firmly in the context of North
American Buddhism also brings into focus the close connections between “religious”
Buddhism and “secular” mindfulness and the many similarities which easily become
T
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obscured by both the bells and smells of the former and the increasingly medicalized
language games of the latter. (Wilson does not explicitly make the point, but many of his
examples suggest that much of the mindfulness movement could be seen as extreme
forms of “modernist” Buddhism.)
The Introduction opens with a few examples illustrating how deeply mindfulness has
penetrated North American mainstream culture, followed by a discussion of how this
success story can be seen as the most recent example of the selective adaptations and
modifications by which Buddhism moves into new cultures. Drawing parallels both to
pre-modern China and contemporary Japan, Wilson emphasizes the importance of
practical benefits in these processes, and points out the peculiar irony at work in the
case of mindfulness. While sutra chanting and lucky charms have played an important
role for the dispensation of security, health, and prosperity among Asian Buddhists for
centuries, few contemporary North Americans have much faith in their power. Instead
they turn to meditation—a practice which only recently was divorced from a monastic
context and a rhetoric of asceticism, other-worldly aspirations, and magic.
As someone thoroughly exposed to the afterglow of the “reflexive turn” in the social
sciences, I was a little puzzled by the three-page section called “A Personal Reflection”
where the author describes the aims of his study and position vis-à-vis the mindfulness
movement. Wilson insists that he is “neither an advocate for nor an opponent of
mindfulness” (10) but a “chronicler and analyst,” (11) and he does this in a way which
seems to suggest that his theoretical commitments, biases, and personal reactions are
both unproblematic and irrelevant for his results. Although I sympathize with the refusal
both to define mindfulness (linked with the inclusive view mentioned above) and
evaluate its efficacy, I fail to understand how one could make a selection of empirical
material (most of it consisting of books, articles, and various electronic media)—much
less attempt an analysis of that material—without making judgments affected by such
factors as commitments, biases, and reactions. Or, to put it slightly differently, “trends”
and “storylines” do not simply “present themselves,” as Wilson suggests (12). Having
made this obnoxiously obvious point, I hasten to add that I often found the examples and
storylines in Mindful America both compelling and thought-provoking.
The rest of the book consists of six thematically arranged (and wittily alliterated)
chapters, followed by a Postscript. Each chapter focuses on a particular adaptation
process, and although these tend to overlap somewhat, resulting in some repetition, the
outline is generally clear and easy to follow.
Chapter one, “Mediating Mindfulness,” provides a historical background, highlighting a
few trends, events, and people of particular importance. The chapter begins with an
account of how the slightly quaint word “mindfulness” came to be the preferred
translation of sati/smṛti, followed by a description of how both the concept and practice
of mindfulness were understood within North American Buddhism prior to the 1970s.
The concluding sections focus on key individuals paving the ground for the subsequent
mindfulness boom (a handful of meditation teachers associated with the Insight
Meditation Society, Thich Nhat Hanh [whose best-selling The Miracle of Mindfulness was
first published in 1976], and Jon Kabat-Zinn) and swiftly summarizes how “mindfulness”
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went from being part of a relatively obscure sub-cultural jargon to something very
different: a “basic part of the spiritual landscape of North America; authorized by
science, endorsed by Oprah, marketed by Buddhists, appropriated by self-help gurus”
(40). Here and throughout the book, Wilson provides the reader with an almost
mind-numbing abundance of examples of books (including Mindful Knitting) and other
commodities, such as Jurisght® (“the mindfulness-based teaching developed specifically
for law students and lawyers”). While such litanies can be an effective stylistic device,
they also tend to become tedious.
The chapter traces early western interest in mindfulness and Buddhist meditation back
to the lay-oriented reform movements in Southeast Asia known as modernist (or
Protestant) Buddhism, via figures like Nyanaponika Thera, Walpola Rahula, and various
teachers in the lineages of Ledi Sayādaw and Mahāsī Sayādaw. While this genealogy is
well-known to students of western Buddhism, it is a most welcome corrective to the all
too common claim that MBSR (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction) and other forms of
mindfulness represent the “essence” of the Buddhist tradition as a whole. I was both
surprised and a little disappointed, however, that Wilson avoids the important question
as to why and how the particular interpretation of sati/mindfulness as “non-judgmental
awareness” and “bare attention” came to be dominant, and why it is so enormously
attractive today. While idea(l)s of pure apprehension and “living in the here and now”
were important features of Buddhist modernism (and fit nicely with both the
perennialism and the anti-intellectualism that are strong undercurrents of
contemporary “spirituality”), they are deeply problematic and have been criticized on
both epistemological and ethical grounds, from without and within the Buddhist
tradition.
Chapter 2, “Mystifying Mindfulness,” begins the book’s extended discussion of how this
particular understanding of a technical term in the Pali canon became such a powerful
floating signifier in late capitalism. The word “mystification” is not used in a Marxist
sense here, however, but refers to the way “Americans alter, diminish, obscure,
eliminate, or simply ignore the historic connection between Buddhism and mindfulness”
(44). A succinct summary of how this works is presented in the chapter’s conclusion:
 Buddhism is first made palatable via mindfulness in order to sell Buddhism.
 Mindfulness is then made palatable via eliminating Buddhism in order to sell
mindfulness.
 Mindfulness is finally made so appealing and denatured that it can be used to sell
virtually everything (including financial services and products like
MindfulMayo™.
A few examples of this mystification are discussed in some detail. Certain aspects of
Buddhist cosmology have been ignored or radically re-interpreted by proponents of
mindfulness, typically in the psychologizing way here exemplified by the way notions of
preta or “hungry ghosts” have become a widely used trope within mindfulness-related
discourses of addiction and eating habits. The process by which Buddhist meditation
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practice has been transplanted from its pre-modern, monastic context is shown to have
had significant consequences for popular understanding of both mindfulness and
Buddhism in general. The ideal of renunciation has become thoroughly marginalized,
and even the intensive meditation retreat (still a common practice among lay-followers
of modernist forms of Buddhism) is extremely uncommon in the practice of secular
mindfulness (which, on the other hand, has created a market for books with titles like
5-Minute Mindfulness: Simple Daily Shortcuts to Transform Your Life). A final example is the
even more radical removal of any Buddhist context in the packaging of mindfulness—a
move which typically takes one of two distinct forms: either mindfulness depicted as a
core feature of any and all religious or spiritual traditions, or mindfulness presented as a
fundamental human faculty which, in itself, has nothing to do with any form of religion.
This final form of mystification is an important theme in Chapter 3, “Medicalizing
Mindfulness,” where the essential humanity of mindfulness is linked to an equally
radical re-contextualization of mindfulness “as a psychological technique intended to
provide physical and mental benefits” (76). Both strategies were necessary (if not
sufficient) for the remarkably successful infiltration of what is arguably a form of crypto
Buddhism into ostensibly secular spheres, such as public schools and hospitals.
Reasonably enough, the chapter focuses on the case of Jon Kabat-Zinn and the MBSR
technique, although the latter’s many offshoots (DBT, ACT, MBCT, MB-EAT, MBAT, MBRE,
et cetera) are also mentioned.
The ambiguous relation between (secular, medicalized) mindfulness and (religious)
Buddhism raises many interesting issues, including some that challenge the distinction
itself. The almost universal acceptance of MBSR as a biomedical, psychological technique
becomes even more striking when considering how up-front Kabat-Zinn has been with
his (crypto) Buddhist aspirations, and how shot-through the MBSR discourse is with an
eclectic, Buddhist jargon. Wilson does not follow this particular line of thought, but I
would suggest that this can, at least partly, be explained by two closely related
phenomena: current western buddhaphilia and the century-old idea that Buddhism is
less a “religion” than a kind of “science” (miraculously always in sync both with current
interests, e.g., evolutionary theory, quantum mechanics, or neuro science, as well as with
white, middle-class norms and values). Wilson does bring up a related point, though:
Kabat-Zinn (like quite a few other western Buddhists) seems to be fond of making a
subtly chauvinistic distinction between a naturalized “true Dharma” and “Buddhism”,
where the latter is seen as an inferior, distorted expression of the former, contaminated
by (Asian) cultural accretions.
Chapter 4, “Mainstreaming Mindfulness,” brings to the fore Wilson’s general point that
the current proliferation of mindfulness, in all its forms, is an example of how Buddhism
moves into new socio-cultural contexts and is itself changing in the process. By focusing
on the way a few, culture-specific issues haunting North American middle classes
(particularly eating and sex) are targeted by the mindfulness industry, Wilson
simultaneously demonstrates both the absurdity of the claim that mindfulness is a
timeless, universal practice and how fundamental Buddhist teachings can be
mainstreamed into almost complete inversions of their traditional forms.
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Two examples stand out here: first is how an explicit suggestion to “heal one’s soul” (sic)
by “giving it what it craves” (sic) has found its way into a popular book on “mindful
eating.” Second is how the Theravāda practice of systematic contemplation of body
parts, carried out in order to cultivate revulsion and detachment, is given a very different
spin by advocates of “mindful sex.” Less spectacular, but arguably more significant, are
the ubiquitous references to innate, positive qualities that can be actualized and made
manifest through mindfulness practice, and which seem to suggest a soul-like essence or
atman. Although this “theology of human nature” as “unambiguously good” (170) is
brought up in a later chapter, it is a subject which deserves a more thorough treatment
as it is closely linked to popular ideas of mindfulness (and Buddhist) practice as a process
of de-conditioning (bringing us back to a supposed original and pure nature), rather than
re-conditioning (merely replacing current conditioning with another, more palatable,
form).
Chapter 5, “Marketing Mindfulness,” focuses on the commodification of mindfulness and
the various marketing strategies utilized for selling it in an increasingly competitive
market. As the thing itself (if there is such a thing—here it is simply described as “the act
of awareness”) cannot be packaged and sold, peddlers of mindfulness have to sell either
auxiliary products or their own expertise (or, in some cases, a combination of both).
As an example of the first category, Wilson describes the supplies for sale by companies
like DharmaCrafts and Dharma Communications (a wide range of familiar Buddhist
paraphernalia including a sublimely absurd item which has been around for at least 25
years now: a CD recording consisting of nothing except a long period of silence followed
by three chimes of a bell indicating the end of a meditation session) as well as the niche
offerings from OneTaste (a “female genitalia-oriented mindful sexuality organization”).
Another section, “Showing What Can’t Be Seen,” is devoted to an iconographic
mini-study of mindfulness-related book and magazine cover art. The section on
mindfulness expertise returns to one of several threads running through Mindful America:
how the authority to define and to teach mindfulness have moved away from the
monastic community, via lay Buddhist teachers, into the hands of people with
increasingly diverse backgrounds. This section is followed by a few, relatively lengthy,
examples of niched and branded mindfulness, ranging from Momfulness to the
controversial Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training™ developed specifically to be
used by the US military.
Chapter 6, “Moralizing Mindfulness,” deals with values and worldviews commonly
expressed by the mindfulness movement. Wilson demonstrates once again how it would
be both futile and misleading to uphold a clear distinction between “religious” and
“secular” registers within the context of mindfulness. Using numerous examples, he
shows how a significant segment of the mindfulness movement “continues to operate in
a religious or quasi-religious fashion, despite its advocates’ insistence that it is not (or, at
least, need not be) connected to religion” (161). Wilson also suggests that mindfulness
has come to function as a kind of civil religion, “written into the teleological evolution of
the human race itself, destined to flower in democratic, freedom-loving societies such as
America. So America leads to mindfulness, and mindfulness in turn will save America”
(179). Juxtaposed quotes from Kabat-Zinn and his student Congressman Tim Ryan are
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quite revealing in this respect. (More than once, these pages made me think of Slavoj
Žižek’s famous dictum about the “meditative stance” of western Buddhism being the
“most effective way for us to fully participate in capitalist dynamics while retaining the
appearance of mental sanity”.
1
Mindful America ends with a brief but dense Postscript, part summary, part deepened
theoretical engagement, part suggestions for further research, where each of the three
main sections easily could function as a starting-point for a comprehensive study.
Other observers have noted the emergence of a generic, eclectic kind of “American” or
“Western” Buddhism but, as far as I know, Wilson is the first to stress how important the
mindfulness phenomenon has been in this formation. In the chapter on mystification he
makes the cogent observation that “Hinduism is appropriated as yoga, Islam as Sufi
poetry, Japanese folk healing as reiki, and Buddhism as mindfulness” (61). In the
Postscript, he persuasively suggests that this understanding is having a profound
influence on already existing forms of Buddhism. (One typical example is how
mindfulness-style meditation has been introduced in the Jōdo Shin Buddhist Churches of
America.)
In the second section, Wilson expands the theoretical frame by considering how the
mindfulness movement fits into the context of North American religion as a whole,
arguing that it can be understood as an example of Albanese’s category “metaphysical
religion.” It is also suggested that mindfulness is a descendant of 19th century
phenomena like spirituality and liberal religion. This assertion that mindfulness (or
“western Buddhism,” for that matter) seems to fit so suspiciously well with pre-existing
religious traditions will likely seem troubling to some of its advocates. Wilson, however,
asserts that not only has Buddhist mindfulness benefitted from being assimilated into
already existing ways of thinking; those ways of thinking influenced what elements of
Buddhism were appropriated, “and without them Buddhism might be so thoroughly
foreign as not to be capable of finding a place here” (192).
The short and aptly titled third section, “All Things to All People,” highlights the
seemingly endless adaptability and heterogeneity of the mindfulness phenomenon, as
well as its often contradictory and more or less grandiose claims. While some critics
(myself included) have contended that “mindfulness” is an empty or “floating” signifier,
Wilson declares this amorphous nature a demonstration of the “central Buddhist insight
that all things are empty of self-nature, including every single element of Buddhism and
the tradition as a whole” (195), before listing a number of possible outcomes of
mindfulness. (Clearly, like other human practices, mindfulness can be used for many
different ends. Whether it actually accomplishes what it purports to do is another
question altogether, and I can only guess to what extent this final litany was written
tongue-in-cheek.)

1
Žižek, 2001, “From Western Marxism to Western Buddhism,” Cabinet Magazine, Issue 2
http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/2/western.php, accessed 11/28/15].
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Considering the amount of information packed into just under 200 pages of main text
(including a comprehensive list of suggestions for further research), it would be
uncharitable to complain about the inevitable lacunae. I have already mentioned a few
quibbles I have with Mindful America. A more substantial criticism has to do with its
impressionistic style. The book as a whole tends to stay on a descriptive level, and while
there are many interesting observations, these are often left undeveloped. I could be
wrong, of course, but I suspect Wilson’s non-judgmental, “objective” stance is to blame
here, as it is likely inhibiting a more far-reaching analysis.
Nevertheless, that last critique does not detract from the importance of this work.
Mindful America will be valuable not only for anyone interested in the mindfulness
phenomenon, but also for students of North American Buddhism and religious
appropriation in general.