2022/05/02

심리요법 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전

심리요법 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전

심리요법

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.

심리요법(心理療法, 영어psychotherapy) 은 심리치료(心理治療) 또는 심리상담(counseling)으로도 불린다. 심리적 문제가 있는 대상에게 심리학을 이용하여 문제 해결을 돕는 치료 방법으로 심리학적 전문 지식을 갖춘 치료자가 내담자(client)와 인간의 사고, 감정행동대인관계에 대한 사이에서 자기 자신에 대해서 탐색하도록 안내하여 다양한 자신의 문제들을 이해하고 변화하도록 돕는 직무를 말한다.[1]

교육[편집]

현재 심리 치료자들은 매우 다양한 치료 방법을 사용한다. 정서적 지지, 설득, 조건 형성 절차, 이완 훈련, 역할 연기, 약물 치료, 바이오피드백, 집단 치료 등이 있다. 치료 방법의 유형은 약 250가지 이상이 있다. 하지만 치료에 대한 접근은 크게 세 가지로 구분할 수 있는데 통찰 치료, 행동 치료, 생물의학적 치료 등으로 나눌 수 있다.

1) 통찰 치료

프로이트의 정신분석적 전통에서 비롯된 방법으로, 일반인들이 심리 치료라고 하면 보통 이 치료적 접근을 생각한다. 통찰 치료에서 환자는 치료자와 장시간에 걸친 언어적 상호작용을 통해 치료 관계를 지속시킨다.

이러한 언어적 상호작용을 하는 이유는 환자 자신의 문제에 대한 이해를 증가시킴으로써 가능한 해결책을 찾기 위한 것이다. 통찰 치료는 개인을 대상으로 할 수도 있고 집단을 대상으로 할 수도 있다.

통찰 치료에도 여러 유형이 있고 이들이 사용하는 치료 방법도 매우 다양하다. 그러나 환자의 자기 인식과 성격 및 행동의 건전한 변화를 유도하기 위해 언어적 상호작용을 한다는 점에서는 공통적이다. 통찰 치료는 약 200여 가지로 구분할 수 있지만, 그 중 가장 대표적인 것이 정신분석, 내담자(환자) 중심 치료, 인지 치료 및 집단 치료이다.

2) 행동 치료

행동 치료는 학습 원리에 근거를 두고 있으며, 행동 치료자들은 그 행동이 무의식적 갈등 때문인지 혹은 부모의 거부 때문인지에 대해서 관심을 갖기보다는 문제 반응과 부정적 습관을 직접 고쳐주려는 행동 변화를 시도한다.

예컨대, 병적 도박이 있는 경우 행동 치료자는 환자의 부적응적 행동인 도박 행동의 제거에 초점을 두고, 병적 도박 행동을 제거하기 위한 구체적인 치료 계획을 수립한다. 다양한 문제 유형에 따라 고전적 조건 형성, 조작적 조건 형성, 관찰 학습 등과 같은 상이한 치료 절차를 적용한다.

3) 생물의학적 치료

생물의학적 치료는 심리 장애와 관련 있는 증상을 감소시키기 위해 생리학적 개입 방법을 적용하는 방법으로써 개인의 생물학적 과정에 직접적인 영향을 준다. 가장 널리 사용하는 치료 절차는 약물 치료와 전기 충격 치료인데 생물의학적 치료라는 용어가 시사하는 바와 같이 생물의학적 치료는 정신과 의사들만이 할 수 있다.

이외의 심리치료의 세부적으로는 놀이 치료, 미술 치료, 음악 치료, 춤동작치료, 독서 치료, 연극치료 등을 꼽을 수 있다.[1]

유형[편집]

인본주의치료[편집]

  • 인본주의치료(Humanistic therapy) 혹은 경험적 치료(experiential therapy)는 인본주의 심리학(humanistic psychology)에 기반하고 있으며, 행동주의(behaviorism)와 정신분석학(psychoanalysis)에 대응하면서 탄생하였기에 '제3세력(the third force)'이라는 별명이 있다. 인본주의치료는 인간의 성장 발달과 욕구에 초점을 맞추고 있어, 개인의 주관적인 의미에 주목하고, 운명결정론(determinism)에 반대하며, 병증이나 증상보다는 긍정적인 성장에 관심을 보인다. 일부 연구자는 인간의 잠재력을 극대화하는 타고난 인간 능력(human capacity)인 자기실현경향(the self-actualizing tendency)을 사실로 전제한다. 치료 과업은 이러한 경향을 북돋을 수 있는 관련 환경을 조성하는 것이다. 인본주의 심리학은 인간이 의미를 창조하는 것만을 통하여 의미를 발견할 수 있다는 실존주의(existentialism)에 근간을 둔다. 이는 실존치료(existential therapy)의 목표이기도 하다. 실존치료는 철학적으로 현상학(phenomenology)과도 연관되어 있다.
  • 인간 중심 치료(Person-centered therapy) 혹은 내담자 중심 치료(client-centered therapy)는 치료자가 열린 마음, 공감, 무조건적인 긍정적 존중을 보여서 내담자가 자아를 표출하고 발달시키도록 돕는다.
  • 게슈탈트 치료(Gestalt therapy) 혹은 집중치료(concentration therapy)는 실존적/경험적 형태로 환자와는 동떨어진 상황들을 이야기하는 것으로 시작하여, 환자가 행한 활동과 직접 연관되는 최근의 경험들로 옮겨 감으로써, 삶의 다양한 맥락에 대하여 쉽게 알 수 있도록 한다. 다양한 영향들에서 유래하여 정신분석의 정밀검사를 포함한다. 현상학적 방법(phenomenological method), 대화적 관계(dialogical relationship), 필드-이론적 전략(field-theoretical strategies), 실험적 자유(experimental freedom) 네 가지 이론을 기반으로 설립되었다.
  • 인간 소여 치료(human givens therapy)는 보다 간단한 형태의 인본주의치료로서 1998년(혹은 1999년)에 소개되었다. 안정(security), 자율(autonomy), 사회적 연결(social connection)과 같은 정서적 욕구(emotional needs)를 규명하는 것에 기반한 해결중심적 개입(solution-focused intervention) 방식이다. 또한 다양한 교육적 심리학적 방법을 사용하여, 이러한 욕구들을 적절하게 충족시키는 방안을 모색한다.

통찰지향 심리치료[편집]

통찰지향 심리치료(Insight-oriented psychotherapy)는 무의식 과정을 드러내거나 해석하는 것에 주목한다. 보통 정신역동 심리치료(psychodynamic psychotherapy)를 의미한다. 정신분석은 가장 오래되고 강렬한 유형으로서 이러한 심층심리학(depth psychology)의 적용은 자유연상(free associations), 공상(fantasies), 꿈(drems)을 포함한 환자들의 모든 사고를 언어화하는 것을 돕고, 이로부터 분석가는 환자의 통증과 성격 문제를 유발하는 과거와 현재의 무의식적 갈등을 언어로 구성한다. 정신분석학에는 정신역동이론(psychodynamic theory)에 영향을 준 프로이트학파(Freudian), 자아심리학(ego psychology), 대상관계이론(object relations theory), 자기심리학(self psychology), 대인관계 정신분석학(interpersonal psychoanalysis), 관계 정신분석학(relational psychoanalysis) 6가지 학파가 있다. 분석적 집단 치료(analytic group therapy)를 위한 기술도 발전해 왔다.

인지행동치료(CBT)[편집]

  • 행동치료(Behavior therapy)는 응용행동분석(applied behavior analysis) 혹은 행동수정(behavior modification)을 포함한 행동적 기법들(behavioral techniques)을 사용하며, 부적응적 행동 유형을 변화시켜 정서반응(emotional response), 인지, 타인과의 대인관계를 향상시키는 것이다. 기능분석치료(Functional analytic psychotherapy)는 이러한 접근 방식 중 한 형태이다. 원래 행동치료는 실증적(empirical, 데이터에 따라 처리), 맥락적(contextual, 환경과 맥락에 주목), 기능적(functional, 행동의 최종적 결과나 효과에 관심을 갖는), 확률적(probabilistic, 행동을 통계적으로 예측가능하다고 봄), 일원론적(monistic, 심신이원론을 거부하고 인격체를 하나의 단위로 다룸), 상관적(relational, 양방향적 상호작용 분석)이다.
  • 인지치료(Cognitive therapy)는 감정과 행동을 향상시키기 위하여 사고를 변화시키는데에 바로 주목한다.
  • 인지행동치료(Cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT)는 이 두가지 접근 방식을 결합하려는 시도로서, 인간의 인지, 감정, 행동을 구축하고 재구축하는데 초점을 맞춘다. 인지행동치료에서 치료자는 다양한 양식을 통하여 내담자가 사고 방식, 감정 표출, 행동 수행 등의 방식에 있어 문제가 있다고 평가하고 이를 인식하면서 다루는 것에 도움을 준다. 합리정서행동치료(Rational emotive behavior therapy, REBT), 지속노출치료(Prolonged exposure therapy, PE) 등은 인지행동치료의 한 종류이다.
  • '제3의 물결 심리치료(third wave psychotherapy)'라는 개념은 임상심리학 분야에서 동양철학의 영향을 받은 부분이다. 명상(meditation) 등과 같은 원리(principles)를, 경계선성격장애(borderline personality disorder) 환자를 위한 마음챙김에 기반한 인지치료(mindfulness-based cognitive therapy), 수용전념치료(acceptance and commitment therapy), 변증법적 행동치료(dialectical behavior therapy) 등과 같은 개입(intervention)에 포함시키는 것이다.
  • 대인관계치료(Interpersonal psychotherapy, IPT)는 비교적 간단한 형태의 심리치료로서 인지행동치료와 정신역학접근에서 유래하였다. 점차 연구가 많이 되고 있으며 몇몇 조건에서는 지침에 의하여 보증된다. 기분과 사회적 환경의 연결에 주목하여, 사회적 기술(social skill)과 사회적 지지(social support)를 구축하는데 도움을 준다. 현재 대인관계 역할과 상황에 대한 적응을 발전시키는 것을 목표로 한다.
  • 기타유형으로는 현실치료/선택이론(reality therapy/choice theory), 중다양식 치료(multimodal therapy)이 있다. 특정 장애에 대한 치료로서는 인지적과정요법(cognitive processing therapy, CPT)이나 안구운동 민감소실 및 재처리 요법(EMDR)과 같은 외상후스트레스장애(PTSD) 치료법이 있다. 약물남용치료로는 재발방지(relapse prevention)와 유관성 행동치료(contingency management)가 있다. 강박장애(Obsessive–compulsive disorder) 치료법으로는 노출및반응방지법(Exposure and Response Prevention, ERP)이, 이중진단장애(co-occurring disorder)에 대한 치료는 안전기반치료(seeking safety)가 있다.

같이 보기[편집]

증상[편집]

인격장애[편집]

기타 정신 관련 증상[편집]

치료[편집]

인물[편집]

심리학 이론[편집]

기타[편집]

각주[편집]

  1. ↑ 이동:  정신분석용어사전》, 미국정신분석학회, 이재훈, 서울대상관계정신분석연구소(2002년)

The Arts of Contemplative Care by Pat Enkyo O'Hara, Judith Simmer-Brown - Ebook | Scribd

The Arts of Contemplative Care by Pat Enkyo O'Hara, Judith Simmer-Brown - Ebook | Scribd

The Arts of Contemplative Care: Pioneering Voices in Buddhist Chaplaincy and Pastoral Work

The Arts of Contemplative Care: Pioneering Voices in Buddhist Chaplaincy and Pastoral Work

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Powerful and life-affirming, this watershed volume brings together the voices of pioneers in the field of contemplative care--from hospice and hospitals to colleges, prisons, and the military. Illustrating the day-to-day words and actions of pastoral workers, each first-person essay in this collection offers a distillation of the wisdom gained over years of compassionate experience. The stories told here are sure to inspire--whether you are a professional caregiver or simply feel inclined toward guiding, healing, and comforting roles. If you are inspired to read this book, or even one touching story in it, you just might find yourself inspired to change a life.

The Arts of Contemplative Care: Pioneering Voices in Buddhist Chaplaincy and Pastoral Work Hardcover – 23 October 2012


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Claire hershman
5.0 out of 5 stars Brilliant
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 31 December 2012
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A really inspiring book for anyone interested in end of life care? A collection of interesting caring papers written by people who are doing the carving in a very challenging area
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katydiscussions
5.0 out of 5 stars A wonderful surprise
Reviewed in the United States on 16 July 2013
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These are the stories of people who have jobs (volunteer or professional) working with those who suffer serious illness and want spiritual support to be part of their care. When compassion for the suffering of others brings people into this line of work good things can happen for both the care provider and the recipient. My take on it is that it's not about religion or any particular religion, but neither does it exclude religious experience. It was a wonderful surprise to realize that chaplains and other professionals seek to support sufferers in whatever they find meaningful, and not to assert their own patterns of faith. I learned that Buddhist practices are very well suited to compassionate work and that they can promote growth and collaboration between people who have differences. I agree that these are pioneering voices and I hope they are heard.
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Mz Berry
5.0 out of 5 stars This is an important read for everyone interested in chaplaincy
Reviewed in the United States on 23 September 2013
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Even if you are not buddhist. Likewise it is good for those interested in Buddhism, even if you are not interested in ministry or chaplaincy.

Chaplaincy and contemplative care are more about the people needing caring support and deep listening, than about spiritual practices. Each chapter is written by someone working in a specific field of chaplaincy, and they bare their experiences, struggles and feelings deeply. It is a wonderful book.
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Mary M.
5.0 out of 5 stars caregiving with mindfulness
Reviewed in the United States on 12 May 2019
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This book is a treasure for anyone tending to the suffering of others or of oneself.
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johnjayr
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent resource
Reviewed in the United States on 2 August 2013
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If you are currently working in Chaplaincy, or considering it, this is an excellent resource. Many very experienced chaplains give their advise and experience in it. Covers Hospital, Institutional, and other types of work. One of if not the best books on the topic of Chaplaincy and a must for Buddhist chaplains.
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Buddhism and the Art of Psychotherapy: Carolyn and Ernest Fay Series in Analytical Psychology (Audible Audio Edition): Hayao Kawai, Tom Pile, University Press Audiobooks: Books

Amazon.com: Buddhism and the Art of Psychotherapy: Carolyn and Ernest Fay Series in Analytical Psychology (Audible Audio Edition): Hayao Kawai, Tom Pile, University Press Audiobooks: Books





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Buddhism and the Art of Psychotherapy: Carolyn and Ernest Fay Series in Analytical Psychology Audible Audiobook – Unabridged
Hayao Kawai (Author), Tom Pile (Narrator), University Press Audiobooks (Publisher)
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In this engaging and intriguing work, renowned Japanese psychologist Hayao Kawai examines his own personal experience of how a Japanese became a Jungian psychoanalyst and how the Buddhism in him gradually reacted to it.

Kawai reviews his method of psychotherapy and takes a fresh look at I in the context of Buddhism. His analysis, divided into four chapters, provides a new understanding of the human psyche from the perspective of someone rooted in the East.

Kawai begins by contemplating his personal koan: "Am I a Buddhist and/or a Jungian?" His honest reflections parallel Jung's early skepticism about Buddhism and later his positive regard for Buddha's teachings. He then relates how the individuation process is symbolically and meaningfully revealed in two philosophical and artistic picture series, one Eastern and one Western.

After exploring the Buddhist conception of the ego and the self, which is the opposite of to the Western view, Kawai expands psychotherapy to include sitting in silence and holding contradictions or containing opposites.

Drawing on his own experience as a psychoanalyst, Kawai concludes that true integration of East and West is both possible and impossible. Buddhism and the Art of Psychotherapy is an enlightening presentation that deepens the listener's understanding of this area of psychology and Eastern philosophy.


The book is published by Texas A&M University Press.
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©1996 Hayao Kawai (P)2016 Redwood Audiobooks


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5 hours and 21 minutes
Author  Hayao Kawai


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Tom Pile
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July 21, 2016
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Listening Length 5 hours and 21 minutes
Author Hayao Kawai
Narrator Tom Pile
Audible.com Release Date July 21, 2016
Publisher University Press Audiobooks
Program Type Audiobook
#177 in Eastern Philosophy (Audible Books & Originals)
#203 in Behaviorism Psychology
#286 in Behavioral Psychology (Books)
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Neal J. Pollock

5.0 out of 5 stars Marvelous insight into the intersection of East & WestReviewed in the United States on December 10, 2005

This is a unique & inspired book by the 1st Jungian analyst in Japan, who provides rare & unusual insight into the differences & similarities between East & West psychology- both theoretical & personal. Kawai provides inputs from his family's Jodo (Pure Land) sect as well as his "2nd Master" the Buddhist monk Myoe's (1173-1232) Kegon (Garland) sect & Zen (both Soto & Rinzai). He begins with an eye-opening biography of his personal journey to both Jungian psychology & Buddhism with relationships to Freud's & Rogers' psychologies. He expands on his friends' Spiegelman & Miyuki's "Buddhism & Jungian Psychology" analysis of the Zen Ox-herding Pictures, including photos both Ku-on's & a contemporary Japanese woman's version (but not Pu-ming's) & a similar comparison with the alchemical Rosarium Philosophorum but with an interesting chart comparing the titles of each plate-pointing out the amazing similarity. Many of his observations are revealed in a personal manner--he shares himself with the reader.

Comparing East & West: p. 110: "Complementarity of Buddhist `eachness' & Western individuality" & pp. 30-1: "I found that my psychotherapy was deeply related to what Buddhist sutras deal with," & p. 102: "Jung's concept of synchronicity belongs to the thought pattern of interdependent origination." He references specific sutras to buttress his views/observations. From his comparisons of sutras vs. Jung's psychology, it seems that the "Collective Mind" in the sutras resembles Jung's Self (see The Awakening of Faith sutra). On the other hand, p. 105: "Jung, as a psychologist, limited his work to considering those things which can be grasped by ego & then verbalized," p. 106: "Probably I still have a different kind of ego from Westerners. Compared to the Western ego, the Japanese ego is living far more `in everything,'" pp. 130-1: "When I sit with a client in the therapy session, I am sometimes reminded of the motto, `just sitting,' appreciated by the Soto monks-not caught by `treatment' or `solution,' but simply sitting..."Sometimes I feel that client's complaints are similar to koans, at least for the therapist," & p. 147 note 2: "During Thomas Merton's visit to the East, he discovered that Buddha encompassed both self & no-self; that is, he discovered `the Middle Way'."

He also shines a light on some contemporary issues 1) in Western Buddhism from a united perspective: p. 19: "When getting close to someone, even a great man, you start to see his shadow side. Living in Japan, you sometimes see or know about a `great Zen master,' but when you find out that, even after he reaches `enlightenment,' his selfish aspect, for example, remains as great as before." He notes, however, that the same can hold in psychoanalysis! 2) modern Jungian psychology--powerfully defining what it is to be a Jungian. 3) Explaining important Buddhist concepts in modern terms: p. 31: "Monks did not `read,' they chanted it. It was in chanting the sutra, while repeating many similar & gracious names, that transformation of consciousness was to be expected. You can approach the sutra only though this sort of consciousness." [~the Ecstatic Kabbalah of Abraham Abulafia] & p. 89: from an old Buddhist story-"The "I" of a human being is a composite of various elements. It's only temporarily formed into one thing. Foolish people captured by this "I", suffer a great deal. Once you know what this real I is, your suffering with disappear at once."

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Michael Staples

3.0 out of 5 stars Need to be clear on what you are looking for here.Reviewed in the United States on January 4, 2008

This is a well written high quality book, but I was a little disapointed. I think if you are a Jungian it might be of a more interest because that seems to be its strength. There are many questions left unadressed. I would have like to have had a cogent discussion of the differences, for instance, in the Jungian and Buddhist notions of Self. Kawai points out that Spiegleman (one of his influences) takes issue with the Buddhist notion of no self...or at least feels the idea needs to be reframed. But he doesn't really elaborate. I was looking for a discussion that would bridge what appear to be theoretical differences between the "All Self" of Jung (and Vedanta), and the "No Self" of Mahayana. Didn't get it. In Chapter 1, Kawai writes that "...I have no intention of writing about psychotherapy based upon Buddhist ideas or of comparing Jung's theories with Buddhist cosmology." So that was that. But without that discussion it is difficult to make the leap from Psychology to Psychotherapy -- and after all, the book is entitled "Buddhism and the Art of Psychotherapy." So I felt the book was a little dissapointing. But again, there are some intersting things in this book for Jungians. There is a unique and interesting correlation explored between the Rosarium Philosophorum and the 10 Ox-herding Pictures of Zen, for instance.

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Andrew Grimes JSCCP, JCP

5.0 out of 5 stars The work and life of the psychotherapist Dr Hayao KawaiiReviewed in the United States on October 12, 2010

A fascinating and clearly written explanation of the introduction of Jungian Psychotherapy into Japan, its transformation into the mainstream of counseling and group therapy practice and the teaching of psychology, and the influence of the life and work of Dr. Hayao Kawai in the planting of Analytical Psychotherapy into Japan and the promotion of integration of a broad range of psychotherapies in the service of the people of Japan. Still as timely and thought provoking as when it was first published in Japan, it is a book that makes one question the wisdom or otherwise of adhering solely to a single school of psychotherapy in the service of our clients and patients.

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宮寺良平
5.0 out of 5 stars 心理学に関心があり、英語で内容がある本を読みたい人にお勧めです。Reviewed in Japan on February 18, 2019
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 河合隼雄氏による仏教と心理療法の本である。これはアメリカの分析心理学会での河合氏による講演を基にしている。
 西洋の心理療法家の中には、仏教に深い関心を持っている人達がいる。彼らによれば、西洋が科学を発達させるために多大な努力をしたのに対して、東洋では人間の心、意識の問題を深く探求して来ており、そのために人間の心や意識の問題については、膨大な研究の蓄積があり、その多くは仏教などの経典として残っているという。
 ユングは、西洋の人が持つ心の病気はしばしば、強固になりすぎた自己意識が原因で、それを解決するためには、「自我」(ego)を超えて、もっと広い「自己」(self)へ至らないといけないと考える。これを自己実現と呼ぶ。
 河合は、自己実現と仏教の悟りの共通点なども詳細に説明していく。私は、自己実現の方が、悟りよりも普通の人に可能な範囲ではないかと考える。そうすると、心理学から仏教に興味を持つだけでなく、仏教の実践者からも心理学への道が開ける。
 実際には、河合氏は、小さい時から仏教には抵抗を感じていて、仏教に関心を持ち始めたのはかなり後で、心理療法を進めていくうちに、アメリカで十牛図や曼荼羅に出会ったという。さらに、心理療法で経験を積んでから、次第に仏教から学ぶべきことが多くあることが分かったという。
 河合氏は井筒俊彦氏の本から多くのことを学んでいるようだが、かなり難解な井筒氏の本を、心理療法という現実的な見地から読むということは、私には驚きである。
書かれている英語はとてもわかりやすいので、しっかりした内容を英語で読むという貴重な経験ができる。

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電気うさぎは耳かきの夢を見るか
5.0 out of 5 stars 仏教、日本人のメンタリティ、西洋文化との対比など。Reviewed in Japan on March 15, 2010
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David H. Rosen氏による序文によると、英訳された河合氏の4冊目の本とのこと。
でも内容的には西洋人向けに書かれているので、河合先生が直接英語で書いたのか、日本語で書いて誰かが翻訳したのかな、と思ったり。日本国内向けに書いた文章ではないです。
米国のユング派の研究所が出しているブックシリーズから刊行。
ふーん、テキサスにもこういう人達がいるんですね。

河合先生がなぜ米国留学、スイス留学することになったのかという話、少年時代の敗戦経験から日本文化を嫌って西洋文化に憧れたこと、でも欧米での勉強過程で自分が日本人であることを意識するようになったこと、帰国後に心理療法をするうちに自然と日本的、仏教的な考えに近づいて行ったことなどが語られています。これらの話は既に河合先生の様々な日本語著作の中で語られていることですが、英語で西洋人に対して語っているのを読むのも興味深いと思います。

他には、禅の「十牛図」と西洋のアルケミー(錬金術)の男性性・女性性の統合図との対比、現代の日本人女性が描いた新しい十牛図の紹介(表紙が中国的に見えますが、この日本女性の描いた十牛図のうちの1枚です)、仏教の概念、西洋、東洋や日本の意識・無意識の捉え方の違いなどについて語られています。

西洋と日本のメンタリティの違いを英語でどう語ればいいんだろう、と思っている方はお読みになってみると興味深いかと思います。日本人として日本人について読んでも興味深いです。なるほど、と。

ユング派心理学に興味のある人向けに書かれているため、ユング派の概念や箱庭療法がどんなものかを全く知らないと理解しにくいかもしれません。一般人にも読めますので、心理学の専門家である必要は全然ないのですが。
箱庭について簡単に知りたい方は、朝日文庫から出ている『ブッダの夢』(中沢新一氏との対談)をお勧めします。

私は仏教に造詣が深くないので、Part4の肝心な仏教のところがよく理解できませんでした。
阿頼耶識(あらやしき)とか。名前は知っているんですが、難しい。

西洋文化と東洋文化の統合は不可能でもあり、可能でもある。
河合先生をしてこう言わせしめるんですから、相互理解は簡単ではないんでしょうね。
しかし、日本人が西洋文明と付き合って行くことの精神的な難しさを早くから指摘していたのは、改めて卓見であったと感じる次第。

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Ethnographic Studies in Subjectivity ebooks | Read the full series | Scribd

Ethnographic Studies in Subjectivity ebooks | Read the full series | Scribd

Ethnographic Studies in Subjectivity

Ethnographic Studies in Subjectivity

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Loneliness is everybody’s business. Neither a pathology nor a rare affliction, it is part of the human condition. Severe and chronic loneliness, however, is a threat to individual and public health and appears to be on the rise. In this illuminating book, anthropologist Chikako Ozawa-de Silva examines loneliness in Japan, focusing on rising rates of suicide, the commodification of intimacy, and problems impacting youth. Moving from interviews with college students, to stories of isolation following the 2011 natural and nuclear disasters, to online discussions in suicide website chat rooms, Ozawa-de Silva points to how society itself can exacerbate experiences of loneliness. A critical work for our world, The Anatomy of Loneliness considers how to turn the tide of the “lonely society” and calls for a deeper understanding of empathy and subjective experience on both individual and systemic levels.
 

The Anatomy of Loneliness in Japan by Chikako Ozawa-de Silva


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The Anatomy of Loneliness: 
Suicide, Social Connection, and the Search for Relational Meaning 
in Contemporary Japan


By Chikako Ozawa-de Silva
410 pages
9 hours

Included in your membership!
at no additional cost

Description
Loneliness is everybody’s business. Neither a pathology nor a rare affliction, it is part of the human condition. Severe and chronic loneliness, however, is a threat to individual and public health and appears to be on the rise. In this illuminating book, anthropologist Chikako Ozawa-de Silva examines loneliness in Japan, focusing on rising rates of suicide, the commodification of intimacy, and problems impacting youth. Moving from interviews with college students, to stories of isolation following the 2011 natural and nuclear disasters, to online discussions in suicide website chat rooms, Ozawa-de Silva points to how society itself can exacerbate experiences of loneliness. A critical work for our world, The Anatomy of Loneliness considers how to turn the tide of the “lonely society” and calls for a deeper understanding of empathy and subjective experience on both individual and systemic levels.

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PUBLISHER:
University of California Press
RELEASED:
Dec 7, 2021





Editorial Reviews
From the Back Cover

"Ozawa-de Silva has written what amounts to a book of wisdom for the art of living. It develops a theory of human relational meaning which it applies to understand the nexus of suicide, loneliness, social isolation, and failure of finding meaning in relationships. It makes a fundamental contribution to anthropological and psychological studies of subjectivity and suicide.”
––Arthur Kleinman, author of The Soul of Care: The Moral Education of a Husband and a Doctor

"Ozawa-de Silva has produced an exquisite ethnography that vividly captures the existential pain people experience that is irreducible to psychiatric categories like “depression.” Investigating internet suicides and the aftereffects of natural disasters, she offers valuable cross-cultural insights into how people recover the will to survive from the depth of despair." ––Junko Kitanaka, author of Depression in Japan: Psychiatric Cures for a Society in Distress

"Excavating the phenomenon of internet group suicide in Japan, Ozawa-de-Silva was led into a study of the loneliness that both accompanies and transcends this practice itself. Anatomizing this as the feeling of being uncared for and unneeded, directionless and disconnected, alone and socially homeless, the author identifies what has become a subjective state as pervasive as painful in Japan today. In what has become symptomatic of our times, loneliness demands the analytical care, theoretical precision, and ethnographic sensitivity that this book brings to the subject. A much-needed, beautifully executed Anatomy of Loneliness."––Anne Allison, author of Precarious Japan

"The Anatomy of Loneliness is a beautiful and haunting look at the human need for connection and purpose, and the consequences of living in a society that increasingly isolates us from each other. Chikako Ozawa-de Silva masterfully mobilizes her rich ethnographic data to make the case for a radical reframing of how we think about emotional distress and how to help those who are suffering. Written in a clear and accessible style, The Anatomy of Loneliness is an example of anthropological research and writing at its best, offering a nuanced and powerful look at how building 'a life worth living' is a communal, rather than an individual, task."––Rebecca J. Lester, author of Famished: Eating Disorders and Failed Care in America

"Ozawa-de Silva deftly wields the tools of cultural anthropology to build a solid argument that loneliness is not simply a personal problem, but a social one. This book leads readers to consider how misguided social policies can exacerbate the problem. Its insights, grounded in ethnographic fieldwork in Japan, help us see anew the relationship between the psychological and the cultural so that we may understand more deeply our current global epidemic of loneliness."––Clark Chilson, University of Pittsburgh
About the Author
Chikako Ozawa-de Silva is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Emory University and the author of Psychotherapy and Religion in Japan.
Product details
Publisher ‏ : ‎ University of California Press; First edition (December 7, 2021)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 286 pages