2020/10/14

Buddhism in Adelaide - Buddhist Society of South Australia

Buddhism in Adelaide - Buddhist Society of South Australia

Welcome to the Buddhist Society of South Australia
Our aim is to foster a multicultural community of lay and monastic Buddhist practitioners. Teaching the Dhamma in English, we offer support to those interested in the practice as laid out in the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path by the historical Buddha.


LATEST NEWS

Kathina at Dhammatthala



You are invited to our Nun’s Kathina 18th October 2020 Please join us in offering food and gifts to the Sangha and then share in all of the food together that everone has brought. The annual Kathina Festival celebrates the end of the Vassa At the time of the Buddha the monsoon season was a Read the full article…
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POSTED ON SEPTEMBER 24, 2020

Fourth Noble Truth: The Path to the Ending of Suffering



Ayya continues the series with the Fourth Noble Truth: The Path to the Ending of Suffering. We will continue to be guided by Venerable Nyanatiloka’s “Word of the Buddha” which can be found at http://urbandharma.org/pdf/wordofbudd… Venerable Nyanatiloka uses excerpts from the Dhammacacckhapavatana sutta 11 in Samyutta Nikaya chapter 56 SN 56.11 https://suttacentral.net/sn56.11/en/s… Covers the 8-fold Read the full article…
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POSTED ON SEPTEMBER 12, 2020

The Ending of Suffering



Saturday July 17th, 6.30pm BSSA on BSSA YouTube channel Following on from reviewing the First Noble Truth by looking at Suttas DN22 and MN1, Ayya Santacari discussed the Second Noble Truth by looking at Suttas DN22 and MN13. This week Ayya continues the series with the Third Noble Truth: The Ending of Suffering. We will continue Read the full article…
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POSTED ON JULY 6, 2020

First of Four Noble Truths.



Saturday 6.30pm BSSA on BSSA YouTube channel The request has been made to Ayya to discuss the Noble 8-Fold Path. Since this is the Fourth of the 4 Noble Truths, Ayya felt that begining at the First Noble Truth and working through them, would lead naturally to the Path. What did the Buddha say about Read the full article…
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POSTED ON JUNE 26, 2020

some of Buddha’s words on Thinking “Vitakka”



Saturday 6.30 pm on BSSA YouTube channel Last Tuesday on zoom Ayya Santacārī Bhikkhunī discussed three Suttas where the Blessed One explained how we can work with thinking. Since we don’t have a recording to share, Ayya will speak again on this useful and relevant topic this Saurday evvening. Time: Jun 20, 2020 06:30 PM Read the full article…
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POSTED ON JUNE 15, 2020

What does the Buddha say in the Suttas about Equanimity?



Ayya Santacari will lead us on a browse through a few different suttas in which the Buddha discusses Equanimity in various different ways and contexts. (- known as Upekkha in the Pali scriptural language – ) We will seek to understand :What are the qualities of Equanimity so that I may train myself in them? Read the full article…
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POSTED ON JUNE 10, 2020More News

Our Vihara



Dakkhina Dhammatthala: Southern Oasis of Dhamma is located in the coastal suburb of Christies Beach and offers sanctuary to our resident and visiting monastics as well as providing a regular meditation and dhamma schedule.

If you would like to offer dana or find our more visit the website.



BUDDHISM IN ADELAIDE


The Buddhist Society of South Australia is a Theravadan Buddhist organisation committed to teaching meditation, Buddhism and Dhamma in English. Drawing from the Buddhist forest traditions of Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Australia. Our resident monastic Ayya Santacari offers meditation classes, and Sutta & Dhamma discussions in Adelaide and Christies Beach throughout the week.

Our aim is to foster a multicultural community of lay and monastic Buddhist practitioners. Teaching the Dhamma in English, we offer support to those interested in the practice as laid out in the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path by the historical Buddha.

We have a meditation and Dhamma talk schedule where you can learn to meditate, learn and discuss the teachings of the Buddha and meet like-minded people.

Our resident monastic, Ayya Santacārī will offers meditation classes, Dhamma talks and Dhamma discussions in Adelaide and Christies Beach throughout the week. All our sessions are offered freely. Encouraging a spirit of generosity from our attendees and teachers.

For those who have already learned to meditate, group sitting practice times are also offered. On Tuesdays, meditation classes are given at the University of South Australia. Dhamma discussions, Sutta study, Puja, chanting & ceremonies available by request.

During Vassa [July to October] all programs are suspended so that the monastics can focus on their own practice. Ayya Santacari will be entering into intensive personal retreat during Vassa.

For more information about the BSSA please contact us or join our mailing list to receive our regular newsletters informing the community of what;s going on with the Society in the form of dhamma talks, group meditations, retreats, special holidays and more.


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In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon (The Teachings of the Buddha) Aug 10, 2005
by The Dalai Lama , Bhikkhu Bodhi , Dalai Lama
( 613 )
$13.99

This landmark collection is the definitive introduction to the Buddha's teachings - in his own words. The American scholar-monk Bhikkhu Bodhi, whose voluminous translations have won widespread acclaim, here presents selected discourses of the Buddha from the Pali Canon, the earliest record of what the Buddha taught. Divided into ten thematic chapters, In the Buddha's Words reveals the full scope of the Buddha's discourses, from family life and marriage to renunciation and the path of insight. A concise, informative introduction precedes each chapter, guiding the reader toward a deeper understanding of the texts that follow.

In the Buddha's Words allows even readers unacquainted with Buddhism to grasp the significance of the Buddha's contributions to our world heritage. Taken as a whole, these texts bear eloquent testimony to the breadth and intelligence of the Buddha's teachings, and point the way to an ancient yet ever-vital path. Students and seekers alike will find this systematic presentation indispensable.
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The Noble Eightfold Path: Way to the End of Suffering Mar 12, 2020
by Bhikkhu Bodhi
( 245 )
$6.99

This book offers a clear, concise account of the Eightfold Path prescribed to uproot and eliminate the deep underlying cause of suffering—ignorance. Each step of the path is believed to cultivate wisdom through mental training, and includes an enlightened and peaceful middle path that avoids extremes. The theoretical as well as practical angles of each of the paths—right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration—are illustrated through examples from contemporary life. The work's final chapter addresses the Buddhist path and its culmination in enlightenment.
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The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya (The Teachings of the Buddha) Jun 10, 2005
by Bhikkhu Bodhi , Bodhi
( 100 )
$39.99

This volume offers a complete translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, The Connected Discourses of the Buddha, the third of the four great collections in the Sutta Pitaka of the Pali Canon. The Samyutta Nikaya consists of fifty-six chapters, each governed by a unifying theme that binds together the Buddha's suttas or discourses. The chapters are organized into five major parts.

The first, The Book with Verses, is a compilation of suttas composed largely in verse. This book ranks as one of the most inspiring compilations in the Buddhist canon, showing the Buddha in his full grandeur as the peerless "teacher of gods and humans." The other four books deal in depth with the philosophical principles and meditative structures of early Buddhism. They combine into orderly chapters all the important short discourses of the Buddha on such major topics as dependent origination, the five aggregates, the six sense bases, the seven factors of enlightenment, the Noble Eightfold Path, and the Four Noble Truths.

Among the four large Nikayas belonging to the Pali Canon, the Samyutta Nikaya serves as the repository for the many shorter suttas of the Buddha where he discloses his radical insights into the nature of reality and his unique path to spiritual emancipation. This collection, it seems, was directed mainly at those disciples who were capable of grasping the deepest dimensions of wisdom and of clarifying them for others, and also provided guidance to meditators intent on consummating their efforts with the direct realization of the ultimate truth.

The present work begins with an insightful general introduction to the Samyutta Nikaya as a whole. Each of the five parts is also provided with its own introduction, intended to guide the reader through this vast, ocean-like collection of suttas.

To further assist the reader, the translator has provided an extensive body of notes clarifying various problems concerning both the language and the mean
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The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya (The Teachings of the Buddha) Jun 10, 2005
by Bhikkhu Nanamoli , Bhikkhu Bodhi
( 202 )
$37.99

This book offers a complete translation of the Majjhima Nikaya, or Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha, one of the major collections of texts in the Pali Canon, the authorized scriptures of Theravada Buddhism. This collection--among the oldest records of the historical Buddha's original teachings--consists of 152 suttas or discourses of middle length, distinguished as such from the longer and shorter suttas of the other collections. The Majjhima Nikaya might be concisely described as the Buddhist scripture that combines the richest variety of contextual settings with the deepest and most comprehensive assortment of teachings. These teachings, which range from basic ethics to instructions in meditation and liberating insight, unfold in a fascinating procession of scenarios that show the Buddha in living dialogue with people from many different strata of ancient Indian society: with kings and princes, priests and ascetics, simple villagers and erudite philosophers. Replete with drama, reasoned argument, and illuminating parable and simile, these discourses exhibit the Buddha in the full glory of his resplendent wisdom, majestic sublimity, and compassionate humanity.

The translation is based on an original draft translation left by the English scholar-monk Bhikkhu Nanamoli, which has been edited and revised by the American monk Bhikkhu Bodhi, who provides a long introduction and helpful explanatory notes. Combining lucidity of expression with accuracy, this translation enables the Buddha to speak across twenty-five centuries in language that addresses the most pressing concerns of the contemporary reader seeking clarification of the timeless issues of truth, value, and the proper conduct of life.

Winner of the 1995 Choice Magazine Outstanding Academic Book Award, and the Tricycle Prize for Excellence in Buddhist Publishing for Dharma Discourse.
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The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: A Complete Translation of the Anguttara Nikaya (The Teachings of the Buddha) Nov 13, 2012
by bhikkhu Bodhi , Bodhi
( 95 )
$59.99

Like the River Ganges flowing down from the Himalayas, the entire Buddhist tradition flows down to us from the teachings and deeds of the historical Buddha, who lived and taught in India during the fifth century B.C.E. To ensure that his legacy would survive the ravages of time, his direct disciples compiled records of the Buddha's teachings soon after his passing. In the Theravada Buddhist tradition, which prevails in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, these records are regarded as the definitive "word of the Buddha." Preserved in Pali, an ancient Indian language closely related to the language that the Buddha spoke, this full compilation of texts is known as the Pali Canon.

At the heart of the Buddha's teaching were the suttas (Sanskrit sutras), his discourses and dialogues. If we want to find out what the Buddha himself actually said, these are the most ancient sources available to us. The suttas were compiled into collections called "Nikayas," of which there are four, each organized according to a different principle. The Digha Nikaya consists of longer discourses; the Majjhima Nikaya of middle-length discourses; the Samyutta Nikaya of thematically connected discourses; and the Anguttara Nikaya of numerically patterned discourses.

The present volume, which continues Wisdom's famous Teachings of the Buddha series, contains a full translation of the Anguttara Nikaya. The Anguttara arranges the Buddha's discourses in accordance with a numerical scheme intended to promote retention and easy comprehension. In an age when writing was still in its infancy, this proved to be the most effective way to ensure that the disciples could grasp and replicate the structure of a teaching.
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A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma: The Philosophical Psychology of Buddhism Mar 13, 2020
by Bhikkhu Bodhi , Mahāthera Nārada
( 2 )
$6.99

This modern translation of the Abhidhammattha Sangaha (Manual of Abhidhamma) offers an introduction to Buddhism's fundamental philosophical psychology. Originally written in the 11th or 12th century, the Sangaha has served as the key to wisdom held in the Abhidhamma. Concisely surveyed are Abhidhamma's central themes, including states of consciousness and mental factors, the functions and processes of the mind, the material world, dependent arising, and the methods and stages of meditation. This work presents an exact translation of the Sangaha alongside the original Pali text. A detailed, section-by-section explanatory guide and more than 40 charts and tables lead modern readers through the complexities of Adhidhamma. A detailed introduction explains the basic principles of this highly revered ancient philosophical psychology.

The Abhidhamma, the third division of the Tipitaka, is a huge collection of systematically arranged, tabulated and classified doctrines of the Buddha, representing the quintessence of his Teaching. Abhidhamma, meaning Higher or Special Teaching, is unique in its abstruseness, analytical approach, immensity of scope and conduciveness to one's liberation. In the Abhidhamma, the Buddha treats the dhamma entirely in terms of ultimate reality (paramattha sacca), analyzing every phenomenon into its ultimate constituents. All relative concepts such as person, mountain, etc. are reduced to their ultimate elements which are then precisely defined, classified and systematically arranged.

In Abhidhamma, everything is expressed in terms of khandha, five aggregates of existence; ayatana, five sensory organs and mind, and their respective sense objects; dhatu, elements; indriya, faculties; sacca, fundamental truths; and so on. Relative conceptual objects such as man, woman, etc. are resolved into ultimate components and viewed as an impersonal psycho-physical phenomenon, which is conditioned by various factors and is impermanent (anicca), suffering (dukkha) and without a permanent entity (anatta).

Having resolved all phenomena into ultimate components analytically it aims at synthesis by defining inter-relations (paccaya) between the various constituent factors.
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Dhamma Reflections: Collected Essays of Bhikkhu Bodhi Mar 13, 2020
by Bhikkhu Bodhi
( 9 )
$6.99

This volume brings together 53 essays of Bhikkhu Bodhi previously published by the Buddhist Publication Society in newsletters and other publications. These essays reveal the depth and breadth of Bhikkhu Bodhi's ability to communicate the timeless teachings of the Buddha and his skillful guidance in applying the Dhamma in everyday life.
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Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy (The Teachings of the Buddha) Jan 30, 2012
by Nyanaponika , Hellmuth Hecker , Bodhi
( 91 )
$13.99

A perennial favorite, Great Disciples of the Buddha is now relaunched in our best-selling Teachings of the Buddha series.

Twenty-four of the Buddha's most distinguished disciples are brought to life in ten chapters of rich narration. Drawn from a wide range of authentic Pali sources, the material in these stories has never before been assembled in a single volume. Through these engaging tales, we meet all manner of human beings - rich, poor, male, female, young, old - whose unique stories are told with an eye to the details of ordinary human concerns. When read with careful attention, these stories can sharpen our understanding of the Buddhist path by allowing us to contemplate the living portraits of the people who fulfilled the early Buddhist ideals of human perfection. The characters detailed include:

Sariputta
Nanda
Mahamoggallana
Mahakassapa
Ananda
Isidasi
Anuruddha
Mahakaccana
Angulimala
Visakha
and many more.
Conveniently annotated with the same system of sutta references used in each of the other series volumes, Great Disciples of the Buddha allows the reader to easily place each student in the larger picture of Buddha's life. It is a volume that no serious student of Buddhism should miss.
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Abhidhamma Studies: Buddhist Explorations of Consciousness and Time Nov 12, 2012
by Nyanaponika , Bodhi
( 27 )
$13.99

The Abhidhamma, the third great division of early Buddhist teaching, expounds a revolutionary system of philosophical psychology rooted in the twin Buddhist insights of selflessness and dependent origination. In keeping with the liberative thrust of early Buddhism, this system organizes the entire spectrum of human consciousness around the two poles of Buddhist doctrine - bondage and liberation, Samsara and Nirvana - the starting point and the final goal. It thereby maps out, with remarkable rigour and precision, the inner landscape of the mind to be crossed through the practical work of Buddhist meditation.

In this book of groundbreaking essays, Venerable Nyanaponika Thera, one of our age's foremost exponents of Theravada Buddhism, attempts to penetrate beneath the formidable face of the Abhidhamma and to make its principles intelligible to the thoughtful reader of today. His point of focus is the Consciousness Chapter of the Dhammasangani, the first treatise of the Abhidhamma Pitaka. Basing his interpretation on the detailed list of mental factors that the Abhidhamma uses as a guide to psychological analysis, he launches into bold explorations in the multiple dimensions of conditionality, the nature of consciousness, the temporality of experience, and the psychological springs of spiritual transformation. Innovative and rich in insights, this book does not merely open up new avenues in the academic study of early Buddhism. By treating the Abhidhamma as a fountainhead of inspiration for philosophical and psychological inquiry, it demonstrates the continuing relevance of Buddhist thought to our most astute contemporary efforts to understand the elusive yet so intimate nature of the mind.
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Bhikkhu Bodhi - Wikipedia

Bhikkhu Bodhi - Wikipedia



Life[edit]

In 1944, Block was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish parents. He grew up in Borough Park, where he attended elementary school P.S. 160.[2] In 1966, he obtained a B.A. in philosophy from Brooklyn College. In 1972, he obtained a PhD in philosophy from Claremont Graduate University.[3][4]
In 1967, while still a graduate student, Bodhi was ordained as a śrāmaṇera (novitiate) in the Vietnamese Mahayana order.[4] In 1972, after graduation, Bodhi traveled to Sri Lanka where, under Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero,[5] he received sāmaṇera ordination in the Theravada school and, in 1973, he received full ordination as a Theravada bhikkhu or monk.[3]
In 1984, succeeding co-founder Nyanaponika Thera,[5] Bodhi was appointed English-language editor of the Buddhist Publication Society (BPS, Sri Lanka) and, in 1988, became its president.[1][3][6] In 2002, he retired from the society's editorship while still remaining its president.[1][4][6]
In 2000, at the United Nations' first official Vesak celebration, Bodhi gave the keynote address.[7]
In 2002, after retiring as editor of BPS,[4] Bodhi returned to the United States. After living at Bodhi Monastery (Lafayette Township, New Jersey),[8] he now lives and teaches at Chuang Yen Monastery (Carmel, New York), and is the president of the Buddhist Association of the United States.[3][9]
Bhikkhu Bodhi is founder of the organization Buddhist Global Relief, which funds projects to fight hunger and to empower women across the world.[10]

Bibliography[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b c "About BPS". Buddhist Publication Society. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  2. ^ https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6U8-GTX5Puw , time 6:53.
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi". Bodhi Monastery. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Climbing to the Top of the Mountain". The Barre Center for Buddhist Studies. Archived from the original on April 17, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b In Bodhi, Connected Discourses (2000), p. 5, Bodhi dedicates the tome to "the memory of my teacher Venerable Abhidhajamaharatthaguru Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Mahanayaka Thera (1896–1998) and to the memories of my chief kalyanamittas in my life as a Buddhist monk, Venerable Nyanaponika Mahathera (1901–1994) and Venerable Piyadassi Maha Thera (1914–1998)".
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b "BPS "Newsletter" (1st Mailing 2008, No. 59)" (PDF). Note: The author [Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi, related to the article "The Buddhist Publication Society of Kandy: A Brief Account of Its Contributions to Buddhist Literature," pp. 4–7] served as the editor of the BPS from 1984 until 2002 and has remained its president since 1988.
  7. ^ "Lecture on Vesak Day by Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi". Buddhanet. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  8. ^ McLeod, Melvin, ed. The Best Buddhist Writing 2008, p. 333. Shambhala Publications, 2008. ISBN 9781590306154. Accessed May 10, 2017. "Bhikkhu Bodhi, an American Buddhist monk, was ordained in Sri Lanka in 1972.... He currently lives at Bodhi Monastery in Lafayette, New Jersey."
  9. ^ "BAUS President Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi, 2013 -". Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  10. ^ "Buddhist Global Relief". Retrieved May 24, 2015.

External links[edit]

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한국전쟁시기 조선인과 일본인이 함께한 전투적 반전연대 : 책&생각 : 문화 : 뉴스 : 한겨레

한국전쟁시기 조선인과 일본인이 함께한 전투적 반전연대 : 책&생각 : 문화 : 뉴스 : 한겨레




한국전쟁시기 조선인과 일본인이 함께한 전투적 반전연대

등록 :2020-09-18

‘일본’에서 싸운 한국전쟁의 날들: 재일조선인과 스이타 사건

니시무라 히데키 지음, 심아정 김정은 김수지 강민아 옮김/논형·1만9000원


<‘일본’에서 싸운 한국전쟁의 날들: 재일조선인과 스이타 사건>(‘전후’ 일본의 운동과 사상 1)은 비교적 길고 ‘설명적인’ 제목만큼이나 호흡도 긴 탐사취재 기록물이다. 

저자는 마이니치 방송사 ‘북한전문기자’ 출신 니시무라 히데키씨. 
저자 소개란을 보면 그는 “여섯 차례에 걸쳐 북한을 방문 취재했고, 제주도에서 두만강까지 한반도를 남북으로 종단하며 취재를 해왔다”고 한다. 
가히 ‘전문기자’의 이름 값을 충족하고도 남을 만큼 한글판 400쪽에 달하는 이 책을 통해 본 그는 ‘이슈 집착력’과 집중력이 강한 사람이다. 
묻고 또 묻고, 꼬리를 물고 관련 인물들을 추적하여 그들로부터 증언을 듣고, 그들의 오늘이 어떠한지 확인하며 역사적 사건의 퍼즐을 맞춰간다. 기자 특유의 쉽고 생생한 문체 탓인지 묵직한 시대와 공간이 지루하지 않게 잘 기술돼 있다.



고마쓰제작소 오사카 공장의 포탄가공작업(<고마쓰제작소 50년의 역사>). 논형 제공



이 책이 추적하는 사건은 ‘스이타 사건’과 ‘히라카타 사건’ 두 가지다. 
우선, 스이타 사건은 1952년 6월24일에서 25일 사이 ‘한국전쟁 한복판’이라는 시대적 배경과, ‘전후 몸살’(post-war conflict)을 앓는 일본 오사카를 공간적 배경으로 한 ‘전투적 반전 시위’다. 

그날 밤 오사카대 도요나카 캠퍼스에선 노동자, 학생, 시민, 재일조선인 들이 한국전쟁에 반대하는 집회가 있었다. 집회 후 약 1000명의 시위대는 동양최대 국철 조차장이던 스이타 조차장에 난입, 25분간 구내 시위행진까지 벌였다. 책의 부제와 홍보관련 글에서는 ‘재일조선인’이 부각됐지만 책을 완독하고 나면 알게 될 것이다. 그날의 반전 시위는 조선인과 일본인이 함께한 초국적 연대였다는 것을. 이 본질적 측면은 역자후기에 잘 요약되어 있다.


“마르크스주의마저도 제1차 세계대전을 앞두고 ‘자국의 방어’를 우선시하며 실천하지 못했던 인터내셔널리즘은 니시로쿠샤에서 그리고 스이타에서 ‘만국의 프롤레타리아트의 단결’이라는 거창한 슬로건 없이도 가능했다.” (역자후기)

“스이타 사건을 함께 겪어냈던 그 밤의 밝아오는 새벽 공기 속에서” 동지적 연대를, 그리고 연대적 인간의 존엄을 느꼈을 68년전 조선인과 일본인들을 상상하자니 오늘 두 나라 시민들이 서 있는 자리와 교차해서 보게 된다. 두 나라의 날 선 대립의 역사도 그러하고, ‘친일’ ‘반일’ 담론이 정파적으로 소비되는 요즘, 이 책의 부제와 홍보의 쟁점이 ‘초국적∙전투적 한일 반전 연대’로 좀 더 기울었다면 좋았을 것 같다는 아쉬움은 남는다.


2차 대전 패망으로 초토화됐던 일본이 전후 고도경제성장을 할 수 있었던 배경에 한국전쟁이 있다는 총론은 익히 널리 알려진 바다. 그 중에서도 오사카가 한국전쟁에 사용할 무기와 탄약의 생산기지였고, 이쿠노구 일대 영세공장에서 만들어진 부품이 국철 스이타 조차장을 거쳐 고베항에서 선적되어 한반도로 보내졌다는 상세한 내막은 그 시대를 추적하고 살려낸 바로 이 책이 전할 수 있는 소중한 정보다. 1952년 6월24일 밤 “산을 넘는 부대”까지 조직했던 이 반전시위는 저자 니시무라의 집요한 추적 끝에 거의 시간대별로 생생하게 살아났다. 같은 날 벌어진 히라카타 사건은 동양최대 무기공장으로 알려진 히라카타 조병창을 다이너마이트 시한폭탄으로 폭파한 사건, 동시에 무기공장 유치에 앞장섰던 지역 유지의 집에 방화를 시도한 사건이기도 하다. 방화는 미수로 끝났다. 그리고 이 두 사건은 니시무라 기자의 퍼즐에서 두 문장으로 만났다.

“히라카타 사건·방화미수 사건은 1952년 6월25일 새벽 2시 45분경, 피해자의 신고로 발각되었다. 스이타에서 ‘산 넘는 부대’와 ‘인민전철부대’가 이동 중이던 바로 그 시간에 일어난 일이다.”

스이타 사건 연루자들을 찾아나서는 저자의 열정을 느낄 수 있는 좋은 예가 있다. 저자는 사건 둘째날인 6월25일 마이니치 신문 오사카 본사 발행 사회면에 실린 기사 하나를 단서로 부상자를 찾아 나선다.

“이 기사에 의하면 경찰관이 권총을 발사했다고 하는데 실제로 무슨 일이 있었던 것일까. 그래서 나는 부상당한 시위대원을 찾아보았다. 그리고 친분이 있던 정신과 의사를 통해….” 니시무라는 부상당한 시위대(그는 일본인이다)를 결국 찾아내고 마는데, 그 기쁨을 “가슴이 고동친다는 것이 바로 이런 것인가 생각하면서 전해 받은 번호로 조심스럽게 버튼을 눌러 전화를 걸었다.”

뿐만 아니라 적절한 간격을 두고 등장하는 감성적 언어들은 이 책의 입체적 면모를 강화시켜주는 요소다. 나는 이 책의 등장인물들 이름과 프로필 그리고 행위와 행위장소 등을 메모해 가면서 읽었다. 주로 소설을 읽을 때의 습관이다. 한 편의 ‘르포 문학’이라 할 수 있는 이 책은 그리하여 독자들에게 이따금 ‘울컥한’ 순간을 선사한다. 내게 그러한 순간을 묻는다면 단연 시위 참가자 중 한 명이었던 재일조선인 시인 김시종의 말을 만났을 때다. 그는 스이타 사건의 진실을 추적하겠다며 찾아온 니시무라에게 이렇게 말한다.

“나는 시위대의 후미에 있었습니다. 당시 한국전쟁에 보내지던 군수 열차를 10분간 멈추면, 1000명의 동포를 살릴 수 있다고 해서 필사의 심정으로 참여했습니다”

김시종은 제주 4·3봉기를 경험한 섬 사람이고 스이타 사건 발생 3년 전에 오사카에 왔다. 그 시절 재일조선인 다수가 제주 출신이라는 건 꽤 알려진 사실이다. 그런 연유에서인지 이 책을 읽는 내내 연동된 책이 한 권 있다. 2013년 제1회 <제주 4·3 평화 문학상> 수상작인 구소은의 <검은모래>(은행나무, 2013년)가 그것인데 스이타 사건을 다룬 이 책을 집어든 독자들은 일제강점기 미야케지마 섬에 정착한 제주 해녀 4대의 삶을 그린 <검은모래>와 꼭 함께 읽어보시라 권하고 싶다. ‘제주’, ‘일본’, ‘전쟁’, ‘디아스포라’를 두루 다루고 있다는 점에서 그 시대와그 공간을 이해하는 데 시너지 효과를 줄 수 있을 것 같다.

한편, 이 책은 분명 사건 중심으로 추적하는 글이긴 하나, 전후 이념적 갈등을 못잖게 겪었던 일본 현대사에 자연스럽게 노출되는 효과를 부여한다. 일본에서도 ‘공산주의자 색출 작전’(이 책에서는 “레드퍼지”로 표기됨)이 벌어졌다는 건 흥미롭고 그 색출 작업이 한국전쟁이라는 변수 탓에 더욱 도드라진 것이 의미심장하다. 언론도 이 색출 작업의 대상이 됐다. 한국전쟁 발발과 관련, 북한의 발표 내용을 받아쓴 일본 공산당 기관지 <아카하타>(赤旗)에 대한 사흘 간의 간행정지도 그런 맥락에서 벌어진 일이다. 또한 1949년 10월 중화인민공화국의 수립으로 냉전의 긴장이 고조되자 신문, 통신, 방송 등 50개 보도기관에서 704명이 해고되는 건 물론 여러 산업현장, 심지어 정부기관에서도 1천명 이상이 해고됐다고 한다.

야마다 마을을 행진하는 시위대. 논형 제공

그러한 냉전의 한복판에서 일본은 미군기지 역할을 한 사실상 ‘참전국’이었음을, 그리하여 군대도 전쟁도 거부한다는 일본헌법 9조 위반은 이미 1950년대 초 벌어진 일이었음을 폭로하는 것도 이 책의 남다른 의미일 것이다. 이를 물리적으로 증명키 위해 저자는 겨우 스물한 살의 나이에 ‘해상보안관’으로 한국전쟁에 참가하여 전사한 나카타니 사카타로의 형 도이치를 찾아가 사카타로 죽음의 진실을 재건(reconstruct)해 본다. “동생은 전후 제 1호 전사자예요. 전쟁에 참가했으니까요….” 저자는 이런 형의 말을 기록하고, 더 나아가 그의 전사 소식을 가족에게 전하는 해상보안청의 편지 내용까지 폭로한다.

“이것은 미군의 명령으로, 이야기가 새어 나가면 시끄러워질 것이니, 부디 외부에 이야기하지 않도록 부탁드리는 바입니다.”

마지막으로 이 책에서 흥미로운 현상 하나를 발견하고 무릎을 쳤다. 바로 ‘민간군사기업’에 관한 얘기다. 21세기 전쟁터에서 전투-비전투 영역을 망라하고 목격되는 전쟁 외주 현상, 이른바 ‘민간군사기업’(PMC)의 활약은 언론인을 포함 여러 연구자들의 연구대상이 되고 있다. 특히 21세기 서막을 열어 젖힌 대표적 전쟁이 벌어진 아프간과 이라크에서는 “컨트랙터”라는 이름으로 통칭되는 수많은 전쟁산업 종사자들이 전투병, 비전투병을 망라하고 몰려들었다. 그런데 따지고 보면 일본의 한국전 참전방식도 PMC 현상으로 해석할 여지가 다분하다는 사실이 대단히 흥미롭다. 이와 관련하여 저자의 말을 이어보자.


“전쟁은 군대만의 싸움이 아니다. 그것은 아시아·태평양전쟁뿐만 아니라 한국전쟁에 일본인이 ‘협력’한 실상을 보면 금방 알 수 있다.”

“(한국전 당시) 한국으로 건너간 일본인 8000명이 얼마나 많은 인원인지…. 물론 그들은 군인이 아니다. 말하자면 민간군사회사의 선봉대인 것이다. 이것이 바로 일본이 ‘기지국가’라 불리는 이유다. 일본은 한국전쟁에 실질적으로 ‘참전’하고 있었다.

‘‘전후’ 일본의 운동과 사상 시리즈’ 두번째 책이 벌써부터 기대된다.

국제분쟁전문기자 이유경 LEE@Penseur21.com


원문보기:
http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/962662.html?fbclid=IwAR2uRkgAQk9kKFrxFiD8BdL7tBdvZ6BEJRNjjq6Fvc7kG3OigeyWT71tPhY#csidx8e8f1f97182816193ff2969597c08bd
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