2023/01/05

New Thought: A Practical American Spirituality : Anderson, Alan, Whitehouse, Deborah: Amazon.com.au: Books

New Thought: A Practical American Spirituality : Anderson, Alan, Whitehouse, Deborah: Amazon.com.au: Books





New Thought: A Practical American Spirituality Hardcover – 1 May 1995
by Alan Anderson (Author), Deborah Whitehouse (Author)
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This book introduces New Thought, a more than a century old movements dedicated to the healing of body,pocketbook,and interpersonal relationships through persistent positive thinking and the acceptance of one's indwelling divinity.

Print length

160 pages

C. Alan Anderson



In Memoriam: C. Alan Anderson (1930-2012)

Alan was born in Manchester, Connecticut on July 21, 1930. He died on November 25, 2012, of complications following surgery for a fractured hip suffered in a fall. He is survived by his wife and partner, Deborah G. Whitehouse; and a son from a previous marriage, Eric Alan Anderson.

He received his B.A. degree from American International College in 1952, an L.L.B. (later converted to J.D.) from the University of Connecticut School of Law in 1955, and an M.A. from the University of Connecticut Graduate School in 1957. Having been introduced to the more-than-a-century-old philosophico-religious New Thought movement through some books given to him by a former classmate, Alan decided to pursue a Ph.D. degree in philosophy “to determine whether New Thought was the greatest thing in the world or the nuttiest”. He earned his Ph.D. at Boston University in 1963, where he was influenced by his dissertation directors, personalist philosophers Peter Bertocci and John Lavely. His dissertation topic was Horatio W. Dresser and the Philosophy of New Thought, possibly the only major university Ph.D. degree in philosophy with a dissertation dealing with New Thought. His dissertation was later published by Garland with the title "Healing Hypotheses" and numerous appendices; it is now available online at www.ppquimby.com. Dresser, who earned his Ph.D. in philosophy at Harvard, was the eldest son of parents who were both patients of “the father of New Thought”, P. P. Quimby. They had met in Quimby’s offices and later married. New Thought can be summarized as “the practice of the Presence of God for practical purposes” or “habitual God-aligned mental self-discipline”. Two New Thought authors, Dresser and Henry Wood (1834-1909) were mentioned with approval by William James in Varieties of Religious Experience.

Other mentors introduced Alan to the process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead and his colleague, Charles Hartshorne. Since process thought is the only constructive postmodern philosophy, Alan saw almost immediately that it was a far more suitable metaphysical foundation for New Thought than the shifting sands on which it had rested. He then created what he came to call Process New Thought, which amalgamated the Bible-based Christian taproots of mid-nineteenth century Universalism embraced by Quimby with the upbeat, positive practices of New Thought (later supported by research in psychology) and the updated idealism of process thought, known as panexperientialism.

After teaching history and philosophy at Babson College for a few years, Alan spent 34 years as Professor of Philosophy and Religion at Curry College in Milton, Massachusetts, where he was instrumental in helping it earn its accreditation. His courses included Life After Death, Dimensions of Consciousness, Philosophy and Health Issues, American Philosophy, Social and Political Philosophy, Mysticism, World History, and (with his wife) Self Leadership Through Mind Management. Many of his courses were particularly popular with student nurses.

Books by Alan include The Problem is God (Stillpoint, 1985) and two books jointly authored with his wife: New Thought: A Practical American Spirituality (Crossroad, 1995, rev. ed. Author House, 2003) and Practicing the Presence of God for Practical Purposes (Author House, 2000). He also authored numerous pamphlets and monographs. Papers include “The Healing Idealism of P. P. Quimby, Warren F. Evans, and the New Thought Movement” (Bicentennial Symposium of Philosophy, 1976); “New Thought: A Link Between East and West” (Parliament of the World’s Religions, 1993), and “New Thought: Linking New Age and Process Thought (Center for Process Studies Silver Anniversary International Whitehead Conference, 1998). Many of Alan’s writings are available online at www.neweverymoment.com .

Alan was a member of the American Philosophical Association, the American Academy of Religion, the Center for Process Studies, the Metaphysical Society of America, the Society for the Study of Metaphysical Religion, The Academy for Spiritual and Consciousness Studies, and the International New Thought Alliance, in many instances as officer, Board member, or committee chairman.

Alan blended gentle wit, whimsy, charm, and humor with a passion for what he referred to as “ever-closer approximations of truth”. He was well known for defending unpopular positions in the interest of integrity. He took his work seriously but never himself; and although a stickler for proper grammar, he never met a pun he didn’t like. He coined the phrase "serial selfhood" to describe the process concept of a self as a whole series of experiences, reminiscent of the Buddhist concept of one candle lighting another; and he always explained to his audiences that this had nothing to do with flakes of corn or crisps of rice! His favorite bit of his own writing was a bit of doggerel that first appeared in a pamphlet, “God in a Nutshell”:

“I am tempted to say

That the best way to pray

Is to shut up your mouth

And get out of the way.

Simply listen for God

And go join God in play.”

---Deborah G. Whitehouse, Ed.D. (Mrs. Alan Anderson)

See more on the author's page

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Deborah G. Whitehouse



Dr. Deb Whitehouse and her husband, Dr. C. Alan Anderson, are a team of educators, scholars who have studied the history of the century-old New Thought movement and practiced its teachings for many years. Both have served on the International New Thought Alliance Executive Board, and Deb is editor of its magazine. Alan and Deb collaborated on the first edition of "New Thought: A Practical American Spirituality" for Crossroad Publishing Company in 1995; followed by a Revised Edition in 2003. Their second jointly written book was "Practicing the Presence of God for Practical Purposes", published by Author House in 2000. Deb and Alan share a passion for Gilbert and Sullivan, for walks along the ocean, and for skewering sacred cows.





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Cameron B. Clark
4.0 out of 5 stars A Valuable Introduction to New Thought MetaphysicsReviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on 5 July 2001
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American philosopher William James, in his book "Varieties of Religious Experience," called New Thought (NT) "the religion of healthy-mindedness" and considered it the American people's "only decidedly original contribution to the systematic philosophy of life." The authors consider Phineas Parkhurst Quimby (1802 - 1866) to be the modern founder of the movement although some of the philosophical roots go all the way back to the idealism of ancient Greece. Contemporaneous American influences include the transcendentalists, especially Ralph Waldo Emerson, who drank from the wells of eastern thought. The movement's "healthy-mindedness" began with Quimby's interest in mesmerism as it related to physical healing, but expanded through time to include mental, financial, and interpersonal well-being and success. Although the authors state that Quimby eventually rejected the idea, held by Franz Mesmer among others, of a subtle magnetic fluid that supposedly links all people and things together, it seems clear that he merely replaced it with the idea of "spiritual matter, or fine interpenetrating substance, directly responsive to thought..." (pg. 20). Truth (or Divine Wisdom) is considered the real cure for all ills. Through Warren Felt Evans and Emma Curtis Hopkins, the movement spread. Mary Baker Eddy, a disciple of Quimby and founder of Christian Science (CS), is considered a diversion from the stream. Eddy taught that "there is no life, substance, or intelligence in matter." But according to NT, matter is a part of God, not an illusion or error as taught by CS.
There are various New Thought denominations: Divine Science, Unity, Religious Science, and Seicho-No-Ie, among others. The umbrella organization is the International New Thought Alliance. The book notes that the founders of the various denominations, except the Japan-based Seicho-No-Ie, were from traditional Christian backgrounds which didn't meet their needs, especially for healing. It is noteworthy that the same general interest during the nineteenth century in divine and/or faith healing that produced NT also led to the current Pentecostal and Charismatic movements within traditional Christianity. Distinctions, however, are noted. The authors also note differences between the theology of NT and that of traditional Christianity (as they perceive it) as well as differences between traditional ("substance") New Thought and the more recent Process New Thought, which they promote. They admit that traditional NT is more or less pantheistic and believe that the limitations of such a world view are overcome by the panentheism of Process New Thought.
Other discussions include the similarities and differences between NT and the New Age Movement (NAM), including the occult and magic. They observe that both the NAM and NT have a growing interest in panentheism (as expounded by Whitehead and Hartshorne) but feel that the NAM is overly interested in occult trappings such as crystals, pyramids, magic, and the like. They consider NT to be more mystically rather than magically (or psychically) inclined. Also discussed is NT's position on ethics and evil. The authors state: "...unlike Hinduism or Christian Science, it [NT] does not see evil as maya, illusion"... "Evil is good that is immature or misdirected. It has no power of its own; it has only the power that our minds give to it..." (pg. 50). This follows from NT's idea that "there is only one Presence and Power, and that power is good." Regarding sin, they say: "It is New Thought that understands that we are punished by our sins, not for them, and that by rising in consciousness we can contact the Divine Intelligence within, learn what we need to learn, and straighten out our thinking - and our lives" (pg. 51). Regarding ethics, the authors note the distinction between the shallow personality ethic and the more substantial character ethic and see the need to reemphasize the latter in New Thought.
Although I don't agree with the overall theology of New Thought, I consider this book essential to understanding the movement. It has also provided valuable historical and philosophical links in my own research in areas only superficially covered or overlooked by the authors. For example, the authors note that some self-professing Christians such as Norman Vincent Peale and Robert Schuller have incorporated NT principles into their teachings on positive thinking without adopting pantheism or panentheism. Both Peale and Schuller have been criticized by other Christians for their views. But neither is Pentecostal or Charismatic (P/C). Within the P/C movements is another movement that the authors do not mention in their book and may not be aware of: The Word of Faith Movement. This movement has some things in common (not necessarily all bad) with New Thought and is also criticized by other Christians, including some fellow P/C Christians. For those who are interested, see the Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements in the book's bibliography. In the areas of evil, ethics, and occultism, the authors provided superficial coverage. Without giving too much detail, traditional Christianity's concepts of sin and evil are more complex. Evil is seen more as "spoiled goodness" (C. S. Lewis) than immature or misdirected goodness, and includes the idea that at least some sin is intentional, not in ignorance, and deserving of punishment. Punishment is integral to vicarious atonement. The idea, however, that we are punished by our sins has a place too. Also, an eschatological dimension is lacking in the book although NT implies a type of universalism (everybody will be saved) that denies hell and has much in common with the Unitarian Universalists (not mentioned in the book). Reincarnation is usually promoted, but this also isn't mentioned.
The authors' attempt to distinguish NT from occultism and magic fails to see the deeper connection. Like the authors, serious occultists shy away from the largely shallow New-Agers who are more into dabbling than discipline. Also, Evelyn Underhill, in her massive book "Mysticism," in the chapter entitled "Mysticism and Magic," provides information on occult magic which parallels and links to New Thought metaphysics. One of the key axioms of occult magic (or magick) is "the existence of an imponderable medium or universal agent which is described as beyond the plane of our normal sensual perceptions yet interpenetrating and binding up the material world." Sound familiar? Remember the interpenetrating "magnetic fluid" and "spiritual matter"? Well, occultists call it "the astral light," among other names (akasha, ether, quintessence, etc.). The second axiom of magic is "the limitless power of the disciplined human will." Ms. Underhill says: "this dogma has been `taken over' without acknowledgment from occult philosophy to become the trump card of menticulture, `Christian Science,' and `New Thought.'" Richard Cavendish, in his book "A History of Magic," says: "Mesmer was a powerful influence on the development of Spiritualism, Christian Science and the New Thought movement. His significance for magic was that he appeared to have demonstrated the existence of a universal medium or force responsive to the human mind, which could employ it to affect the behavior of others. For magicians this was a welcome gift and Eliphas Levi, the leading French magus of the nineteenth century, turned Mesmer's magnetic fluid into one of the bastions of modern magical theory." There is certainly an overlap between mysticism and magic, but distinctions as well. I've noticed the terms are used loosely by magicians. Some divide magic into two general groups: high magic (theurgy) and low magic (thaumaturgy). The former is sometimes associated with mysticism and spiritual progress whereas the latter is more concerned with strict wonder-working apart from any reference to salvation or sanctification. The book doesn't get into any of this in any depth. One of the best traditional Christian critiques of pantheism and panentheism and defenses of Christianity is Norman Geisler's Christian Apologetics. One of the "best" expositions of New Thought metaphysics is "In Tune With the Infinite" by Ralph Waldo Trine. A recent book by a Neo-Pagan, Gus DiZerega, entitled "Pagans & Christians" explains how pantheism and panentheism relate to Neo-Pagans and Wiccans.
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Ken Wolf
4.0 out of 5 stars Perhaps the most thoughtful and unbiased account (even humorous in ...Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on 3 March 2017
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Perhaps the most thoughtful and unbiased account (even humorous in places) written by an "insider." The only part that was difficult to understand was the discussion of process theology--but even that was a bit clearer than other accounts I have read of the difficult subject.

It should be read with Mitch Horowitz's "One Simple Idea" written several years ago. Both of these books are written by people who appreciate New Thought but who are also aware of its weaknesses (especially true of Horowitz) and of how it can be misinterpreted and misunderstood by Positivist intellectuals who think "positive thinking" is a con.

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Dr. C. H. Roberts
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent introduction and historyReviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on 23 September 2005
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The authors have given us a marvelous, easy to read, introduction and history of New Thought. The material is at once simple and to the point for the "average" reader, but those with previous knowledge of New Thought metaphysics will not find it simplistic. Anderson and Whitehouse are clearly "at home" discussing both the past history and current issues of modern debate (especially Process Theology's influence in some areas of New Thought). I highly recommend this book to all interested readers and sincerely thank the authors of a job well done.

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Jason Fairbanks
5.0 out of 5 stars When the Student is Ready the Book Will ComeReviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on 3 June 2013
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I was drawn to this book after happening upon the authors' website. As a student and former bookseller, I have to admit that I was a bit hesitant in reading a book not published by a major publisher. However, this was exactly the book I needed.

It is very clear and well written. I did not find it "dry" in the least. It is an outstanding primer on the history and lineage of the New Thought movement. It is very helpful for someone like me who is coming from a (loosely) orthodox Christian perceptive.

The authors give just enough of a taste of their ideas about practice to whet my apetite for their other book.

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Tim Stewart
5.0 out of 5 stars Highly RecommendedReviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on 26 October 2005
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This is a great book for anyone interested in knowing more about New Thought. The authors detail the beliefs of most major New Thought organizations and explain the differences between New Thought and new age. I highly recommend this book to those who may be new to New Thought, ESPECIALLY those coming from a fundamental background.

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Martin A. Larson - Wikipedia

Martin A. Larson - Wikipedia

Martin A. Larson

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Martin A. Larson
BornMarch 2, 1897
DiedJanuary 15, 1994
Occupation(s)Historian, writer

Martin Alfred Larson (March 2, 1897 in Whitehall, Michigan - January 15, 1994 in Phoenix, Arizona)[1] was an American historical revisionist and freethinker. He specialized in the history of Christianity and wrote on its origins and early theological history, best known for his assertion that Jesus Christ and John the Baptist were Essenes. Larson was a long-term member of the Institute for Historical Review.

Biography[edit]

Larson was originally from a fundamentalist Christian Evangelical background but "rejected its dogmas and practices" when he was about twenty years old. Following service in the United States Navy, he graduated from Kalamazoo College in Michigan, after which he earned a Ph.D. in English literature from the University of Michigan in 1927 with a thesis on the unorthodoxies of Milton, whom he found to have rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. He retired from a career in business at the age of 50 to devote himself to private study, lecturing and writing.

A long-time friend of historian Harry Elmer Barnes, Larson was a member of the Editorial Advisory Committee of the Institute for Historical Review's Journal of Historical Review from its first issue in 1980 to his death.[2]

Larson was also a tax critic and tax expert who was popular with the Tax protester movement for his books on the tax immunity of organized religion, the Federal Reserve, and how to fight the IRS. His articles have appeared in Parade MagazineFortune MagazineReader's Digest and other publications, and he had a regular column in The Spotlight entitled "Our World In Conflict".

He spent the final years of his life with his wife Emma in Phoenix, Arizona.

Theories[edit]

Larson's lifelong body of work constructs a complete historical theory of the origins of Christianity and the genesis of its theological controversies, detailing its evolution from the pagan cults of Osiris and Dionysus to modern times. This includes a synthesis of ideas, deities, and personalities that show how they combined to favor the rise and dominance of Christianity over religious competitors such as Mithraism, which lacked a human founder and excluded the general public, and Manichaeism, which invited the general public but lacked a deified founder. The thrust of his work is to show that Christianity evolved from pagan religions and Judaism rather than arose full-blown from the mind of a single religious prophet. Although he had no advanced degree in the subject, his works were popular with freethinkers, and he defended his theories to his death.

Larson stated that he spent more than four years studying ancient Egyptian, Persian, Brahman, Jain, Buddhistic, Judaistic and Essene cultures which all influenced the Essene Order from which the Christian Gospels originated.[3] According to Larson, the Essenes absorbed the eschatology and metaphysics of the Zoroastrians and later the Pythagoreans and ancient mystery cults of Greece and the Asia Minor. Larson studied the Dead Sea Scrolls literature and commented that the Essenes "engrafted a Christology which combined a Persian with a Messianic Judaic concept, which, in a period of crisis, they personalized in a martyred Teacher of Righteousness whom they expected to return upon clouds about 35-50 B.C. accompanied by a myriad of angels to conduct the Last Judgement."[3] Larson concluded that Jesus was an Essene who convinced himself he was the incarnate of Christ destined to redeem mankind so left the Order to create a mass movement.[3]

Reception[edit]

Leander E. Keck a Professor of Biblical Theology noted that Larson reconstructed "post-Maccabean Judaism, pre-Constantinian church history, the literary and historical developments of Essenism and Qumran and the historical Jesus, in order to build a pan-Essene view of Christian origins."[4]

Millar Burrows positively reviewed Larson's The Essene Heritage commenting that "of all the efforts thus far to demonstrate an Essene origin of Christianity surely this is the most ingenious, elaborate and determined... Dr. Larson does not lack imagination. If his conclusions prove less convincing to others than they are to him, his book at least deserves fair consideration as a serious, conscientious piece of work, evincing both originality and industry."[5] However, Siegfried Horn negatively reviewed the book as trying "to prove that Christianity is nothing but a warmed-up Essene religion" and criticized Larson for "reconstruct[ing] an artificial history of Essenism according to his own interpretation of the scanty historical evidence extant in the Qumran scrolls and in other ancient records."[6]

Larson's The Essene Heritage was also negatively reviewed in the Indian Journal of Theology as an "offering from the lunatic fringe. He argues, with a conspicuous lack of scholarship and a depressing mishmash of phoney exegesis, that Jesus was a frustrated Essene who (probably) survived his attempted crucifixion, and whose simple Essene-type gospel was rapidly distorted by the machinations of the crypto-Catholics."[7]

Published books[edit]

  • The Modernity of Milton: A Theological and Philosophical Interpretation (1927)
  • The Religion of the Occident: Or, The Origin and Development of the Essene-Christian Faith (1959). His synthesis of facts regarding the Christian epic, from its pagan origins, Palestinian primary and secondary sources, and age-old religious concepts introduced by the Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persions, Buddhists, Greeks, Jews, Phrygians, and Syrians, examining the soteriology, eschatology, and ethics, and the Messianic concept which make up Christianity.
  • Liberty Lobby Presents The Great Tax Fraud: You Can Say Goodbye Forever to Your Income Tax (1965)
  • The Essene Heritage; Or, The Teacher of the Scrolls and the Gospel Christ (Philosophical Library, 1967, Library of Congress catalog card no. 67-19183). Claims that Jesus Christ and John the Baptist were Essenes. www.jstor.org review
  • The Great Tax Fraud: How the Federal Government Favors the Rich and Exploits the Masses (1968, B0007E793A)
  • Praise the Lord for Tax Exemption: How the Churches Grow Rich, While the Cities and You Grow Poor (with C. Stanley Lowell) (1969)
  • When Parochial Schools Close: A Study in Educational Financing (September 1972)
  • Tax Revolt: U.S.A. (1973 1st ed., Library of Congress catalog card no. 72-97025).
  • The Federal Reserve (Devin-Adair Publishing, 1975) ISBN 0-8159-5514-6
  • The Religious Empire: The Growth and Danger of Tax-Exempt Property in the United States (1976) ISBN 0-88331-082-1
  • The Story of Christian Origins (1977) ISBN 0-88331-090-2. Revised and expanded ed. of "The Religion of the Occident" 1959.
  • The Continuing Tax Rebellion (1979) ISBN 0-8159-5220-1
  • The Essene-Christian Faith: A Study in the Sources of Western Religion (1980, 1989) ISBN 0-939482-16-9. Larson's views on the development of the Essene movement.
  • The I.R.S. vs. The Middle Class (1980) ISBN 0-8159-5824-2
  • Martin Larson's Best (1984) ISBN 0-935036-06-7
  • New Thought: A Modern Religious Approach (1985) ISBN 0-8022-2464-4. A historical overview of the New Thought movement, giving it origins in the European Enlightenment of the 18th century.
  • How to Defend Yourself Against the Internal Revenue Service: A Handbook for Use in Protecting Personal Assets (1985)
  • Jefferson: Magnificent Populist. A collection of quotes from Thomas Jefferson, organized into Larson's categories.

References[edit]

  1. ^ http://www.revisionists.com/revisionists/larson.html
  2. ^ "Martin Larson: 1897-1994"Institute for Historical Review. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  3. Jump up to:a b c Politella, Joseph (1959). "The Religion of the Occident by Martin A. Larson"Journal of the American Academy of Religion29 (1): 86–87.
  4. ^ Keck, Leander E. (1968). "The Essene Heritage by Martin A. Larson"Journal of the American Academy of Religion36 (1): 92–93.
  5. ^ Burrows, Millar (1968). "Reviewed Work: The Essene Heritage, or the Teacher of the Scrolls and the Gospel Christ by Martin A. Larson". Journal of Biblical Literature87 (2): 236–238. doi:10.2307/3263372JSTOR 3263372.
  6. ^ Horn, Siegfried H. (1968). "Review: The Essene Heritage or the Teacher of the Scrolls and the Gospel Christ"Andrews University Seminary Studies6 (2): 219–221.
  7. ^ Clark, Ian D. L. (1969). "The Essene Heritage by Martin A. Larson" (PDF)Indian Journal of Theology18: 224–225.

External links[edit]

Why you should know about the New Thought movement

Why you should know about the New Thought movement

Why you should know about the New Thought movement
Published: February 16, 2017 


AuthorChristopher H. Evans

Professor of the History of Christianity, Boston University
Disclosure statement

===
President Donald Trump embraces several political stances important to his conservative evangelical base. This includes support for “religious liberty” legislation and exempting evangelicals from laws upholding lesbian, gay, transgender and bisexual rights.

However, Trump does not demonstrate any of the beliefs that have historically characterized evangelicalism.

Unlike the majority of American evangelicals, he does not speak about the centrality of the Bible or, like Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush, of being “a born again” Christian. Trump summarizes his faith by saying that he has a “great relationship” with God and that he has never committed any major sins.

As a historian of American religion, I have studied a 19th-century movement known as New Thought. This movement has left a significant legacy.


Could it also help us understand Trump’s faith?
What was New Thought all about?

The New Thought movement was among the more notable movements that emerged in the 19th century to help people achieve a better understanding of divine mysteries, through the power of their thoughts. The term “New Thought” signified that one’s thoughts could unlock secrets to living a better life, free from the constraints of religious doctrines or dogmas.

Frequently associated with a Portland, Maine clockmaker, Phineas Parkhurst Quimby, New Thought proposed a range of philosophical ideas that focused on the mind’s power to cure illness.
Mary Baker Eddy. Sue Clark, CC BY

Quimby believed that the cause of disease resided in the mind. He taught that if one redirected a person’s thoughts, then disease could be cured. Quimby treated a number of individuals who spread aspects of his teachings.

His most famous student was Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Science, another religious movement that emerged in the latter half of the 19th century.

Eventually, Eddy distanced herself from Quimby, focusing her movement on reforming what she saw as the errors within Christianity. However, what Eddy shared with the New Thought movement was a belief that curing illness was connected to the mind’s power to restore health.

By the 1890s, the New Thought movement had shifted attention away from curing disease. Instead, it focused upon the mind’s power to create material success.

Historian Beryl Satter observes,

“Since human thought had creative power, negative thoughts materialized into negative situations, while spiritual thoughts could form a positive reality.”

The New Thought’s emphasis on achieving personal prosperity meshed with themes associated with the late 19th-century Gilded Age. Popular literature, such as Horatio Alger stories, centered on how poor boys achieved material success through hard work.

New Thought and economic prosperity
Anne Aalders, CC BY-NC-SA

A book that illustrates the New Thought movement’s shift toward individual prosperity is Ralph Waldo Trine’s “In Tune with the Infinite.” A popular writer and lecturer, Trine taught that one’s ability to channel positive thoughts would lead to success. Published in 1897, the book sold millions of copies and gained Trine a wide following, including from the automobile industrialist Henry Ford.

Trine emphasized that happiness was largely a matter of positive thinking. As he noted in his book,

“If one holds themselves in the thought of poverty they will be poor, and the chances are that they will remain in poverty. If one holds themselves, whatever present conditions may be, continually in the thought of prosperity, they set into operation forces that will sooner or later bring them into prosperous conditions.”

By the 1920s, the New Thought phenomenon had splintered into numerous small organizations. However, its belief that individuals possessed a God-given facility to change their life through positive thinking became embedded in mainstream Christianity.


The prosperity gospel

New Thought ideas about individual happiness and wealth are seen above all in a movement called the prosperity gospel.

The prosperity gospel refers to a belief that religious faith can lead one to personal health and material wealth. In the early 20th century, this movement depicted Jesus as a guide to economic success. Indicative of this trend was the publication of a 1925 book by Bruce Barton, “The Man Nobody Knows.”

An advertising executive and future Republican congressman, Barton characterized Jesus as the prototype of the modern business executive. As Barton summarized Jesus’ mission,


“He picked up twelve men from the bottom ranks of business and forged them into an organization that conquered the world.”

Barden’s depiction of Jesus as a successful entrepreneur highlights how New Thought beliefs of achieving material abundance undercut orthodox Christianity. As historian Kate Bower observes, Christian salvation was not expressed


“as an act imposed from above by God, but rather an act of drawing out humanity’s potential.”

Prior to World War II, New Thought themes became embedded within a movement that historian Kevin Kruse calls “Christian libertarianism.” This movement was created by politically conservative Protestant leaders who objected to President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal economic policies. Christian libertarianism supported a message that “the freedom from government is a necessary part of freedom under God.”

Norman Vincent Peale and Trump

The fusion between New Thought and Christian libertarianism is epitomized by Norman Vincent Peale.
Dr. Norman Vincent Peale is shown in 1968 as pastor of Marble Collegiate Church in New York City. AP Photo

Peale was the minister of Marble Collegiate Church in New York. His message stressed New Thought themes that spoke to many Americans eager for upward economic mobility. His many books, including, “The Power of Positive Thinking,” helped spread Peale’s popularity.

President Donald Trump frequently cites Peale as his major religious influence. Marble Collegiate was Donald Trump’s family church and Trump was clearly impacted by Peale’s preaching. As he remarked to an Iowa gathering in July 2015,


“you could listen to him all day long. When you left the church, you were disappointed that it was over.

Peale’s message deviated significantly from traditional Christianity. Echoing themes from Ralph Waldo Trine, Peale argued that belief in a "higher power” was essential if one was going to find success. 
He said,

“This tremendous in flow of power is of such force that in its inrush it drives everything before it, casting out fear, hate, sickness, weakness, moral defeat, scattering them as though they had never touched you, refreshing and restrengthening your life with health, happiness, and goodness.”

Peale’s message was unequivocally nationalistic. As historian Christopher Lane writes, “the idea that America needed a pro-Christian nationalism to head off an attack of atheistic communism was central to Peale’s message, and he stuck to it zealously.” Peale’s identity as “God’s salesman” for positive thinking was inseparable from his belief that only in a free-market society could Christianity thrive.

Trump’s Christianity

Historically, evangelicalism has emphasized the centrality of the Bible, the need to confess one’s sins and the necessity of personal conversion. It has also stressed that Christians need to care for society’s victims.
What is Trump’s Christianity? Karl-Ludwig Poggemann, CC BY

Trump’s Christianity, I would argue, blends New Thought ideas of individual achievement with a vision of Christian libertarianism. Unlike his mentor Peale, who was married for over 63 years and lived a scandal-free life, Trump’s past includes multiple divorces and accounts of adultery.

However, like Peale, Trump’s Christianity it seems is rooted in the idea that personal weakness or failure is not an option. Faith, in other words, is not about being “born again,” or acknowledging the need for God’s forgiveness. For Trump, faith is about being a winner.

Also, American exceptionalism is at the heart of Trump’s Christianity. As theologian Stanley Hauerwas puts it,


“Christianity in Peale’s hands was closer to a set of beliefs a follower could make up to suit their desires. Trump has adopted this strategy and applies it to the country.”

This link between Christianity and nationalism was evident at Trump’s inauguration when prosperity gospel minister Paula White said in her invocation,


“We recognize that every good and every perfect gift comes from you and the United States of America is your gift, for which we proclaim gratitude.”

White’s assertion seems consistent with Trump’s belief that Christianity is primarily a faith about positive thinking and patriotism.

So where does this lead the over 25 percent of Americans who identify as evangelical? This question should be of vital concern.