Slut
Slut (archaic: slattern) is an English-language term for a person, usually a woman, who is sexually promiscuous or considered to have loose sexual morals.[1][2] It is usually used as an insult, sexual slur or offensive term of disparagement.[2][3] It originally meant "a dirty, slovenly woman",[2] and is rarely used to refer to men, generally requiring clarification by use of the terms male slut or man whore.[4][5]
The word was used as early as the 1300s (in the form of an adjective, sluttish, referring to a man's untidy appearance) by Geoffrey Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales.[6] From the late 20th century, there have been attempts to reclaim the word, exemplified by various SlutWalk parades, and some individuals embrace the title as a source of pride.[7][better source needed][8]
Etymology, common usages and synonyms
The common denotative meanings of slut are 'sexually promiscuous woman',[1] or 'immoral or dissolute woman; prostitute'.[2] These definitions identify a slut as a woman of low character—a person who lacks the ability or chooses not to exercise a power of discernment to order her affairs. Similar terms used for men are cad, rake, male slut, man whore, himbo, womanizer, stud, and player.[4][5] The adjective slutty carries a similar connotation, but can be applied both to people and to clothing and accessories, such as Halloween costumes.[9]
Although the ultimate origin of the word slut is unknown, it first appeared in Middle English in 1402 as slutte (AHD), with the meaning of 'dirty, untidy, or slovenly woman'.[10] Even earlier, Geoffrey Chaucer used the word sluttish (c. 1386) to describe a slovenly man;[11][6][12][13] however, later uses appear almost exclusively associated with women.[10] The modern sense of 'sexually promiscuous woman' dates to at least 1450.[10] The word was originally used around 1450 in the late Middle English language. It was used to describe a woman as dirty, or refer to her as a prostitute, harlot, or immoral woman. The word slut also took a similar form around the same era in the Norwegian language as slutr 'sleet', also known as an impure liquor.[14]
Another early meaning was 'kitchen maid or drudge' (c. 1450), a meaning retained as late as the 18th century, when hard knots of dough found in bread were referred to as slut's pennies.[10] An example of this use is Samuel Pepys's diary description of his servant girl as "an admirable slut" who "pleases us mightily, doing more service than both the others and deserves wages better" (February 1664).[15] Slut and slutishness occur in Shakespeare's comedy As You Like It, written in 1599 or 1600.[16] In the nineteenth century, the word was used as a euphemism in place of bitch in the sense of a female dog.[10][17]
Today, the term slut has a pervasive presence in popular culture and pornography, but is almost exclusively used to describe women. An exact male equivalent of the term does not exist. The lack of a comparably popular term for men highlights the double standard in societal expectations (gender roles) between males and females, as negative terms for sexually promiscuous males are rare.[5][18] Out of the 220 terms ascribed to females and 20 terms ascribed to males,[4] all female terms are disapproving while some male terms signal approval or praise; these include stud, player, and man whore.[5] While colloquial terms such as male slut or man whore are used in popular culture, they are usually used in a joking manner.[19] There are, however, other terms that can be used to criticize men for their sexuality. For example, a man's masculinity can be undermined by using terms such as weak, sissy, pussy, or whipped. They also dismiss female-on-male abuse, and are just as powerful and representative of modern societal prejudices. Hence, women may find it difficult to hold high positions at their workplace, whereas men may be mocked for choosing to be stay-at-home fathers. Although a sexually active and professionally successful woman might be seen as a threat, a man without those qualities is often regarded with suspicion and questions about his sexuality.[20]
The word slut is commonly interchanged with the words tramp, whore, hoe, nympho, and hooker. All of these words have a very negative connotation. Additional meanings and connotations of the term are negative and identify a slut as being a slovenly and ugly person, for example, as in these quotations from OED2:
The attack on the character of the person is perhaps best brought together by the highly suggestive and related compound word, slut's-hole, meaning a place or receptacle for rubbish;[21] the associated quote provides a sense of this original meaning:
Slut can also be used as verb to denote behavior characterized as that of a slut. For example, in the 1972 play, That Championship Season, by Jason Miller, contained the exchange:
Alternative usages and culture
General
The word slut is used as a slang term in the BDSM, polyamorous, and gay and bisexual communities.[23][page needed] A parallel exists between the female term slut and the term gay for males. Unlike women, who are usually policed for being sexually promiscuous, men are often criticized for not being masculine or dominant enough, thus questioning their heterosexuality. Unlike women, who are expected to be sexually chaste, men are expected to be sexually active, thus having more sexual freedom.[19] Although slut is rarely used to describe heterosexual men, it is commonly used among gay males. When discussing sexual activity, slut is used to shame gay men for taking sexual risks, such as unprotected sex or having multiple partners. However, if used in a humorous way, slut may also favor sexual freedom and mark the shift from traditional gender roles in gay men.[24]
With BDSM, polyamorous, and non-monogamous people, in usage taken from the book The Ethical Slut, the term has been used as an expression of choice to openly have multiple partners, and revel in that choice: "a slut is a person of any gender who has the courage to lead life according to the radical proposition that sex is nice and pleasure is good for you."[23]: 4 A slut is a person who has taken control of their sexuality and has sex with whomever they choose, regardless of religious or social pressures or conventions to conform to a strait-laced monogamous lifestyle committed to one partner for life.
The term has been reappropriated to express the rejection of the concept that government, society, or religion may judge or control one's personal liberties, and the right to control one's own sexuality. In April 2013, Emily Lindin, founder of the UnSlut Project, created a blog to share her stories on sexual bullying to “provide some perspective to girls who currently feel trapped and ashamed". The blog now consists of entries from members of all ages, ethnicities, and genders. The film, UnSlut: A Documentary Film, coincides with the project and is screened across the country.[25]
The double standard associated with slut-labeling is part of the modern day rape culture. Rape culture is "the casual debasement [of women] ... that has become such a part of our lives that it is often invisible."[26] Though people in society are vocally anti-rape, there is an insinuation that certain types of rape are acceptable or that women are voluntarily taking actions that justify sexual advances. "For example, women continue to be blamed if they are raped because of how they are dressed, the assumption that women purportedly lie about being raped remains popular, and certain women, such as married women or women of colour, are still considered 'unrapeable'”.[27] The word slut and the double standard it contains reflects the gender norms and gender biases[26] that are prevalent in a culture in which rape is constantly justified. People from all sects of society contribute to this justification.[28]
There have been many movements or "SlutWalks" taking place around the world to regain a sense of pride in women. Many slut walks or movements protest against the idea that a woman's appearance, often considered promiscuous, is a justification of sexual assault and rape. The participants in these walks protest against individuals that excuse rape due to the woman's appearance, including victim blaming and slut shaming; slut walks have now become a worldwide movement.[29]
Women of color
 | The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (September 2020) |
The word slut means different things to white women and people of color, especially black women. Slut has different associations for black women. Anna North of The New York Times covered Leora Tanenbaum who stated, "As Black women, we do not have the privilege or the space to call ourselves 'slut' without validating the already historically entrenched ideology and recurring messages about what and who the Black woman is."[30] She argued that, for black women, the word slut does not mean anything very harmful due to the history of being treated as slaves in the past. Black women's "relationship to the term slut" is informed by a history of racism and slavery, of "having been seen as objects of property, not just for the sexual gratification of those in power but also for reproduction of whole generations of slaves, which involved rape most of the time."[30]
Most of the SlutWalks were coordinated by white women, and some black women felt uncomfortable when joining. Sociologist Jo Reger writes: "Women of color ... argued that the white women organizers and participants had not considered the ways in which the sexuality of women of color had been constructed through a history of oppression, rape, and sexual exploitation."[31]: 88 People of color, especially black people, had been avoiding words like slut, jezebel, hottentot, mammy, mule, sapphire, or welfare queens.[31]: 88
Model and actress Amber Rose was one of the first people to conduct and take a lead for a SlutWalk for people of color. "The Amber Rose SlutWalk Festival is a completely inclusive space. This event is a zero tolerance event and we do not condone hateful language, racism, sexism, ableism, fat-shaming, transphobia or any other kind of bigotry. Further, we recognize that shaming, oppression, assault and violence have disproportionately impacted marginalized groups, including women of color, transgender people and sex workers, and thus we are actively working to center these groups at our events."[32]
See also
.svg){kind=small}
References
- ^ a b "Slut". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Slut". Reference.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ Nathanson, Rebecca (2 October 2011). "SlutWalk Rally Against Sexual Violence Draws Huge Crowd of Feminists". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012.
- ^ a b c Paludi, Michele A.; Martin, Jennifer L.; Gruber, James E.; Fineran, Susan (2015). Sexual Harassment in Education and Work Settings: Current Research and Best Practices for Prevention. ABC-CLIO. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4408-3294-9. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d Julia Wood (2014). Gendered Lives. Cengage Learning. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-285-07593-8. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
- ^ a b Bennett, Jessica (20 March 2015). "Monica Lewinsky and Why the Word Slut Is Still So Potent". Time. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ Greer, Germaine (12 May 2011). "These 'slut walk' women are simply fighting for their right to be dirty". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
- ^ Westcott, Kathryn (9 May 2011). "Why is the word 'slut' so powerful?". BBC News Magazine.
- ^ Carroll, Caitlin (31 October 2005). "What's the deal with slutty Halloween costumes?". The GW Hatchet (student newspaper). George Washington University. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Harper, Douglas. "slut". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Tanenbaum, Leora (2 February 2015). "A Brief History Of 'Slut'". HuffPost. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ "From Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales", The Manciple's Tale, lines 139-154". www.librarius.com. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ "The Canon's Yeoman's Prologue. The Canterbury Tales. Geoffrey Chaucer. 1894. The Complete Poetical Works". www.bartleby.com. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ "the definition of slut".
- ^ "Samuel Pepys Diary February 1664 complete". Pepys.info. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
- ^ Shakespeare, William. As You Like It (III, iii, 1531–1537). "[Audrey:] Well, I am not fair; and therefore I pray the gods make me / honest. / [Touchstone:] Truly, and to cast away honesty upon a foul slut were / to put good meat into an unclean dish. / [Audrey:] I am not a slut, though I thank the gods I am foul. / [Touchstone:] Well, praised be the gods for thy foulness; / sluttishness may come hereafter. ..."
- ^ Soule, Richard (1900). Howison, George H. (ed.). A dictionary of English synonymes and synonymous or parallel expressions designed as a practical guide to aptness and variety of phraseology (revised and enlarged ed.). Boston: Little, Brown. p. 49. OCLC 7437533.
- ^ Sigal, Janet A.; Denmark, Florence L. (2013). Violence against girls and women: international perspectives. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger. ISBN 978-1-4408-0335-2.[page needed]
- ^ a b Flood, Michael (2013). "Male and Female Sluts". Australian Feminist Studies. 28 (75): 95–107. doi:10.1080/08164649.2012.758024. S2CID 54991899. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2018 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
- ^ Devon, Natasha (15 October 2014). "Is there a male equivalent to calling a woman a 'slut'?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
- ^ "slut's-hole". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Jason Miller, That Championship Season (1972), p. 43.
- ^ a b Easton, Dossie; Liszt, Catherine A. (1997). The Ethical Slut: A Guide to Infinite Sexual Possibilities. San Francisco: Greenery Press. ISBN 1-890159-01-8.
- ^ McDavitt, Bryce; Mutchler, Matt G (2014). "'Dude, you're such a slut!' Barriers and facilitators of sexual communication among young gay men and their best friends". Journal of Adolescent Research. 29 (4): 464–498. doi:10.1177/0743558414528974. PMC 4239541. PMID 25419044.
- ^ Lindin, Emily. "The UnSlut Project".
- ^ a b Breger, Melissa L. (1 July 2014). "Transforming cultural norms of sexual violence against women". Journal of Research in Gender Studies. Retrieved 10 August 2018 – via Free Online Library.
- ^ "Login Required". search.rdsinc.com. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
- ^ Mahler, Jonathan (11 October 2016). "For Many Women, Trump's 'Locker Room Talk' Brings Memories of Abuse". The New York Times.
- ^ "SlutWalk DC". Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ^ a b North, Anna (3 February 2015). "Should 'Slut' Be Retired?". Op-Talk. The New York Times.
- ^ a b Reger, Jo (2015). "The Story of a Slut Walk: Sexuality, Race, and Generational Divisions in Contemporary Feminist Activism". Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 44 (1): 84–112. doi:10.1177/0891241614526434.
- ^ Rose, Amber. "The Amber Rose Slutwalk". About the Walk. Amber Rose. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Further reading
- "slut". The Mavens' Word of the Day. Random House. 15 December 1997. Archived f
淫蕩음탕한
 | 이 기사에는 여러 가지 문제가 있습니다 . 개선 이나 노트 페이지 에서의 논의에 협력해 주세요.
|
 |
 | 이 항목에는 성적인 표현과 설명이 포함됩니다. |
본 기사에서는淫蕩(이토)에 대해 설명한다. 또한 성에 관해 분방한 사람 에 대해서도 설명한다.
개요 [ 편집 ]
'음탕'이라는 말은 명사나 형용동사로 사용되며, 음탕이란 '주색(슈쇼쿠)에 빠져 소행이 나쁘다'자나 '부드러운 향락(쿄라쿠)에 빠진다' 상태를 가리킨다[1] [ 2 ] . [주 1]
일본 [ 편집 ]
전국 무장 의 오다 노부나가 가, 「야마몬, 야마시타의 승중왕성의 진수라고 해도, 업장업법(교토교호, 그 실태나 유양은 같은 의미), 출가의 작법에도 불구하고, 천하의 조롱도 부끄러워하지 않고, 천도의 두려움을 겪지 않고, 음란, 생선새를 먹고, 금은 뇌물에 뛰어들어”(노부나가 공기)라고 비판해, 1571년에 히에이산 에 있던 천대 종 의 연 력사 를 불 태웠다 ( 히에이산 구이 토벌 ).
에도시대에 있어서의 「음탕」이란, 「마시는」 「치는」 「사는」의 모두를 가리키는 말이었다고 하는 [ 요출전 ] .
" 메이지 시대는 정부가 서민의 성도덕을 단번에 근대화하려고 한 시대였다. [ 요 출전 ] " [ 누구? ]
에도 시대 에 들어가 유교 의 도덕감이 무사도 에 통합되어 침투하게 되면, 여성에 대한 정조관념이 강하게 요구되게 되고, 그 후의 처녀 숭배에의 단서가 되었다 [ 요출전 ] . 한편, 에도 막부 공인 의 유연 에서는 상인 이나 마을 사람 과 함께 무사도 여자 놀이 를 즐기고 있었던 것, 혈연 에 의지하지 않는 입양 이나 풍의 풍습 등이 활발했던 것, 주종 관계나 의형제 의 유대를 깊게 한다 때문에 남색이 유행한 것 등, 무사라도 성도덕에 관해서는 유연한 일면을 남기고 있었던 것을 알 수 있다 [ 요출전 ] . 또, 서민 이나 지방의 농촌 등에서는 여전히 밤을 포기하는 것이 남녀 공통의 즐거움으로서 사회적으로 묵인되어 존재하고 있어, 여성으로부터 남성을 초대하는 것도 특히 부끄러운 것이 아니고, 지방에 따라서는 제일 등의 특별한 날 에 동정이 유부녀에게 지남을 청하기 위해 밤을 포기하는 것을 묵인하는 풍습도 있었다 [ 요 출전 ] 이라는 [ 누구? ] .
에도나 메이지의 무렵까지 일상적이었던 혼욕 의 풍습은, 도래한 구미인들로부터 놀라움으로 기록되었다. 1853년 의 흑선 내항 으로 미국 함대를 이끌고, 1856년 에 귀국한 매튜 페리 제독은 미국 의회 도서관 에 거둔 공문서 「페리 함대 일본 원정기(원제:Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas) and Japan.) 중에서 "일본인은 예의 바르게 어른스럽지만 놀라운 습관을 가지고있다. 어떤 공중 목욕탕에서의 광경이지만, 남녀가 함께 흐트러져 서로의 맨몸을 신경 쓰지 않는다. 동양 국가의 그 중에서도 뛰어난 도덕을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 이런 음란한 행위는 이해하기 어렵다.”고 말했다. 또, 봄화나 베쿠초지에 대해서도 견해를 남기고 있어, 「음란의 정을 촉구한다」의 것으로 「가슴이 나빠질 정도로 지나치고 있다」라고 불쾌감을 드러냈다 [3] [4] [주 2] . 어떠한 시대라도 지나친 놀이가 연인 이나 부부 의 사이와 같은 남녀 관계나 인간 관계를 험악하게 해 버리는 것은 당연한 결말이며, 성도덕에 망설임이 없는 것이 성병 의 위험성까지 높여 버리는 등은 (좋은 의미에서) 미신 까지 포함하여 사회적으로도 충분히 인식되고 있었다. [ 요출전 ] [5] .
해외 [ 편집 ]
해외 에서는 기독교 나 유대교 라면 혼전 협상 이나 간음 은 중죄로 되어, 이슬람교 라면 여성의 피부를 타인에게 보여주는 것조차 금기 ( 금기 )로 생각되고 있는 등, 음탕한 것에 대해 비상 에 엄격한 교리 와 처벌이 많이 존재한다.
각주·출처 [ 편집 ]
참고 [ 편집 ]
- ↑ 「음(인)」또는 「사기(인)」라고 하는 글자에 대해서. 특히 “남녀의 성행위에 관하여 비난의 뜻을 담고 있는 경우가 많다”고 한다. (출처:고어 대사전 제1권( 카도카와 서점 , 1982년 ) “음”이나 “사위”라고 하는 한자 그 자체가 성교나 성기에 관련된 말로서 사용되고 있다. 낡은 사용예로서, 헤이안 시대( 후기 ) 의 설화집 「지금 옛 이야기」에는 「부정의 음란 붙어 스며들거나(정액이 부착하면 귀찮아 버린다)」나 「남녀 요가 없이 운데도, 몸 안에 흠뻑 젖으면,此なむ子를 일으킬 수 있다(남녀가 결혼하지 않고, 제멋대로 음란한 행위를 하면, 원치 않는 아이를 임신해 버린다)」등이 있다.
- ↑ 1855년 에 빈센트호로 도래한 미국인의 사관 알렉산더 허버샴도, 만일 「반만 문명화하고 있는 동양인」이라고 해도, 「중류 및 하류 계급의 사람들」은 순조 관념이 부족해, 「난 치기 (란치키) 게다가 "젊은 여성이라도 괜찮아 혼욕에 들어가는 것은 이해할 수 없다"고 말했다. [ 요출전 ]
출처 [ 편집 ]
- ^ 대사천 ( 쇼가쿠칸 , 1995년 )
- ↑ 히로사엔 제6판( 이와나미 서점 , 2008년 ) 「음탕」의 항목.
- ↑ 오피스 미야자키 편역 「페리 함대 일본 원정기」(만래사, 2009년 ).
- ^ 나카노 아키라 저작 "나체는 언제부터 부끄러워졌는가 - 일본인의 수치심"( 신시오 선서 , 2010년 )
- ^ 야마모토 마 토리편 「성과 문화」( 호세이대학 출판국 , 2004년 )의 가미야 하루로 저 「제2장·매독 유행 제상」
미리보기
