2021/05/03

The Christ of the Indian Road: Jones, E. Stanley Amazon.com: Books

The Christ of the Indian Road: Jones, E. Stanley: 9780687063772: Amazon.com: Books







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The Christ of the Indian Road Paperback – December 1, 1925
by E. Stanley Jones (Author)
4.6 out of 5 stars 57 ratings










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About the Author
Called "the world's greatest missionary evangelist" by Time magazine in 1938, E. Stanley Jones (1884-1973) spent 70 years presenting Jesus Christ as the universal Son of Man without the trappings of Western culture. His message had a life-changing impact on the millions of people who heard him speak or read his books.

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Publisher : ABNDP - Abingdon Press (December 1, 1925)
Language : English
Paperback : 218 pages

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4.6 out of 5 stars 57 ratings


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Biography
E. Stanley Jones (1884 1973) was a universally admired Christian missionary and evangelist of the 20th century. Called “the world’s greatest missionary evangelist” by TIME magazine in 1938, Jones spent 70 years traveling throughout the world. His approach to evangelism presented Christ as the universal Son of Man without the trappings of Western culture. He delivered tens of thousands of sermons and lectures, traveled 50 weeks a year, and often spoke two to six times a day. His message of the necessity of “surrender” to Jesus Christ and “Jesus is Lord” had a life-changing impact on the millions of people throughout the world who heard him speak or read his books.

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4.6 out of 5 stars
57 global ratings

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Prometheus

5.0 out of 5 stars Perfect for our TimeReviewed in the United States on July 8, 2016
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In a country in which Christianity is either limp or antagonistic, Jones does a great job of reminding Christians of two central truths regarding evangelism: 1) we need to stick with the truth and proclaim the gospel without shame, and 2) we need to preach the gospel with our lives. Jones' writing is refreshing and easy to read. It is devotional and autobiographical. Seeing what God was doing in the early 20th century in India is a breath of fresh air. His affirmation of the good things that non-Christians have done as well as his criticism of the ways in which Christians have harmed their witness in India are invaluable to Christians trying to approach their culture today.

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TDN Fan

5.0 out of 5 stars Really helpful bookReviewed in the United States on February 18, 2021
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This is a must read for thinking Christians who care about sharing their faith but are confused about the religion vs. relationship question. This book will help you understand that Jesus is above religion and relatable to any person seeking God. I buy several copies of this at a time to give away. Jones was a missionary in India who quickly learned the people were interested more in Jesus than “Western Christianity” and were open to hearing about Him. Still true today all over the world. It’s so relevant in times of division going on today. As I said, a MUST READ.


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Matt B.

5.0 out of 5 stars Buy it and read it!Reviewed in the United States on March 15, 2016
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This book is amazing. Even though it was written in the early 1900's I felt like it was written this year. I love how E. Stanley Jones just keeps it simple and focuses on Jesus and does not get distracted with the things that do not really matter. This should be required reading for anyone thinking of spending anytime over seas. It is also very beneficial for us all to think about how we entangle Jesus with so many other things. You will read his journey of separating Jesus from his culture, religion, and government. You will be challenged.

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Prime Member Pat

5.0 out of 5 stars Indiands already know about Christ...Jones shares how we can impact India because we have an intimate relationship with him.Reviewed in the United States on July 28, 2015
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If you are considering this book then you already know that God wants relationship rather than religion. Indians are no fools or children to be brow beat or threatened . As ES Jones makes clear westerners have a great deal to learn and offer but it must be with the humility and the intimacy of our relationship by grace through faith with God .

4 people found this helpful

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Tony Jones

5.0 out of 5 stars Great book on missiologyReviewed in the United States on August 8, 2018
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There is much that can be extracted from this pivotal work regarding how to have a missional approach to the people/place God has called you too.

E. Stanley Jones taught me to bring Jesus everywhere. Make Him simple. Proclaim unadulterated. Introduce Him to and trust Him with others. Be a learner of world-views and see where Christ is looking to fulfill because all truth is God’s truth. Saturate in Him daily and let the saturation pour to the hungry souls searching for it though they don’t know it yet.

So good. Read it.


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Tim

5.0 out of 5 stars An indian example of Let's Start with Jesus by Dennis Kinlaw.Reviewed in the United States on September 6, 2019
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Loved his ways of showing how the seed of Jesus planted in a culture finds expression in and through the fingerprints of God that were already present there.


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c. anderson

1.0 out of 5 stars I DID NOT RECEIVE THE BOOK I ORDERED AND WHICH YOU SAY WAS DELIVERED.Reviewed in the United States on January 31, 2020
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IT WAS SOME HINDU RELIGIOUS BOOK. ALL E STANLEY JONES BOOKS ARE CHRISTIAN CLASSICS, NOT A BOOK TO CUT UP WHICH I DID WITH THIS ANTI-RELIGIOUS/SATANIC DELIVERY...


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GeneAS

5.0 out of 5 stars Timeless insightReviewed in the United States on June 7, 2017
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As relevant today as when it was written. So many of the issues we face today are echo's from the past. The solution remains the same. Jesus.

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Anna B.
5.0 out of 5 stars Right up to dateReviewed in the United Kingdom on June 1, 2020
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Fantastic book that speaks to us now. No outdated language or ideas. Brilliant and challenging.
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Lynn
5.0 out of 5 stars Five StarsReviewed in the United Kingdom on September 22, 2017
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thanks
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George Joseph
5.0 out of 5 stars Very refreshingReviewed in India on November 25, 2020
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Showed me Jesus in a new light. Jesus - not Christianity! The person - not the religion! The Word truly has become Flesh!
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The Christ of the Indian Road
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The Christ of the Indian Road
by E. Stanley Jones
 4.44  ·   Rating details ·  209 ratings  ·  35 reviews


Jones recounts his experiences in India, where he arrived as a young and presumptuous missionary who later matured into a veteran who attempted to contextualize Jesus Christ within the Indian culture. He names the mistake many Christians make in trying to impose their culture on the existing culture where they are bringing Christ. Instead he makes the case that Christians learn from other cultures, respect the truth that can be found there, and let Christ and the existing culture do the rest. (less)

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 Average rating4.44  ·  Rating details ·  209 ratings  ·  35 reviews
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Elf
Sep 20, 2019Elf rated it it was amazing
Shelves: religion
This book was written by Stanley Jones almost a 100 years ago but is both timely and contemporary. More so, it is prophetic. India has been inundated by alien forms of White, Western (American and British mostly) evangelicalism with its heavy dark tones of implicit cultural and socioeconomic (neo)imperialism for well nigh a century. Now, with the ascendance of the Hindu right-wing BJP in politics with the help of the RSS and its hydra-headed nationalistic cohorts, evangelists and missionaries, both White and indigenous, have begun feeling the heat of a a politicised populace swiftly jettisoning the ignominy of its submission to external religions like Islam and Christianity across centuries, an era that forced them to feel ashamed of a hoary religion of variety, breadth and depth like Hinduism. Pastors and churches have increasingly come under attack, by both legal and violent means, from Hindutva fanatics bent on ending conversions to Christianity across India.

How did this terrible situation come about in a land where the Christians, who form a minority of hardly 5 per cent of a billion-strong population, now see themselves as second class citizens and fear for their lives? Read Stanley Jones and you will realise that the missionaries and conversionists from the West who strode across India laid the grounds for this backlash in many ways. This is not to disparage the work of some dedicated Western missionaries in the fields of education or health or seeking to preserve Indian languages. But, to quote Shakespeare in a cliche: "The evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones."

The evil that a large chunk of white missionaries sowed in terms of despising Indian religions, culture and philosophies is being reaped by the Indian Christian community. The present government has a two-fold agenda. One is to end the flow of money from Western nations to India used to "convert" Hindus to Christianity and keeping White missionaries out as far as possible. The other is to keep the Christian community in fear and hobble indigenous evangelistic mission activities by means of weapons like anti-conversion legislation or direct force, including killings.

Stanley Jones had foresight about such developments. He understood the depth and value of the culture and philosophy of the Indian subcontinent and its people while at the same time being loyal to Jesus Christ as His disciple. Even then, in the mid-20s, he said “Christianity must be defined as Christ, not the Old Testament, not Western civilization, not even the system built around him in the West, but Christ himself, and to be a Christian is to follow him.” He wanted the people of India to have an authentic encounter with the Living Christ and for it to be interpreted in terms of an Indian Christian experience rather than through mere argument. He firmly stood against the planting in India of the kind of Christianity most Western missionaries worked towards which meant the raising up of an alien religious superstructure on the ruins of another religion.

He wrote: “I have dropped out the term “Christianity” from my announcements (it isn’t found in the Scriptures, is it?), for it had connotations that confused, and instead I have used the name of Christ..." He refused to attack Indian religions and presented Christ positively as being able to meet the needs of anyone who sought the Master's help. He refused to entertain or condone the standard white, Evangelical missionary's (and that of his Indian clones) feelings of superiority over the heathen or the pagans, "so ruinous to Christian work". Even then, he saw that “It (Christianity) must work with the national grain and not against it.”

He went one step further, as a disciple, when he asserted: "Christ must not seem a Western Partisan of White Rule, but a Brother of Men. We would welcome to our fellowship the modern equivalent of the Zealot, the nationalist, even as our Master did.”

There's much deep wisdom hidden in this book for those who would spread the authentic fragrance of Christ in India. It is a primer for all who would break the alabaster box like the sinful woman at the feet of Christ so that the entire Indian sub-continent, a big house of many nations, tribes, languages and spiritual flavours, be filled with that becoming fragrance. (less)
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Laura
Aug 16, 2011Laura rated it really liked it
Shelves: christian-based-nf, christian-based-missions, toag
Powerful stuff. Convicting read. Great reminder to keep our focus on Christ. Jesus is the Way, the Truth and the Life. Our focus is to be on Him, on the the 'who' of Christ, rather than getting sidetracked and overly caught up in the 'whats' of Christianity.

A couple quotes:
"We must call men not to loyalty to a belief, but loyalty to a Person. ...He creates belief."
"If some are afraid of what might happen if we were to give India Jesus without hard-and-fast systems of thought and ecclesiastical organization, lest the whole be corrupted, let our fears be allayed. Jesus is well able to take care of Himself."
"We who feel that we must be steadiers of the ark must remember that Jesus can take care of himself, even in moments when there seems most to fear." (pp. 166-167)


The book was written in the 1920s, so it's helpful to know that the Immigration Law that was a prominent discussion topic at the time established unequal quotas by country; the law was passed in 1924 and was basically repealed/replaced in 1965. (less)
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Adam Parker
Feb 19, 2015Adam Parker rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
Shelves: christianity, favorites
There are three books which have drastically affected my daily life with profound teaching and wisdom; this book is one of them. E. Stanley Jones lays out very profound teachings in a simple way. He takes concepts I thought I've known my entire life, things I've taken for granted, and turned them on their head in a single paragraph. That could speak to the fact that I had a very weak understanding, and maybe it does, but more so, it speaks to the fact that Jones, through the Holy Spirit, taught and continues to teach through his books in a very enlightening way! Please, read this book if you are a follower of Jesus! If you aren't, read it, too! You won't walk away unchanged. (less)
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Blake Thompson
Sep 11, 2018Blake Thompson rated it really liked it
E Stanley Jones is writing from a wealth of wisdom in missions to the Hindu populations of India. I was deeply struck by his love for India and her people. As I was reading, it felt as if I was just sitting at the feet of this man as he recounted his experiences and Christ's movements in India. Super cool book. (less)
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Jenn Bettinger
May 04, 2019Jenn Bettinger rated it it was amazing
This book is definitely in my top 3! It was incredible. Written in 1925, the pages are full of profound thoughts. The entire book oozes Jesus and causes me to be all kinds of messed up - in a good way. This is a must read!
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Jordon
Jan 22, 2021Jordon rated it it was amazing
Was a slow start but later couldn't put it down. Having lived in India I relate to how and why Jesus is so meangingful for the amazing people there. ...more
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Joshua Moran
Jul 04, 2017Joshua Moran rated it it was amazing
As I continue my way through the 25 Essentials list, I finally had the joy of reading Christ of the Indian Road over winter break. I owe this privilege to Eric Mingle who hooked me up with a pretty sweet copy. This was my first exposure to E Stanley Jones and his writings and I can tell you it won’t be my last.

At first glance I thought this was a book about his life but it turned out to be a book about missions. A book about Jesus. A book about taking Jesus to people and letting them accept Jesus, not Jesus and western culture. Just Jesus.

The more I think about this book, the more I like it. The more I think about what it means to take Jesus to people,to offer the Son of God and a relationship with him, the more excited I am. It also challenged me to know Jesus more. How I can I introduce someone that I don’t know? I must know Him to introduce Him. I want to do this. This book helped me think through these things and understand the figure of Jesus better because He is the God that loved the world not just western civilization.

A few quotes from the ever quotable E Stanley Jones:

Besides, let it be noted that if Christianity isn’t worth exporting it isn’t worth keeping. If we cannot share it, we cannot keep it.

Experience and expression are the two sides of the Christian life, and one cannot exist without the other. Kill either and you kill both. We have tried to get the church to realize it’s joyous privilege of soul-winning.

Jesus does not need to be protected. He needs to be presented. He protects Himself.

Check it out and let me know what you think! (less)
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Adam Gellert
Nov 26, 2017Adam Gellert rated it it was amazing
Wow! What a great book, so glad I discovered E. Stanley Jones recently! This is one of the best books I’ve ever read, with so many memorable quotes that I felt like I was marking up every page. I was also amazed that so many issues he writes about in 1925 are relevant to today, like racial divides and immigration policy - it makes me realize we haven’t grown much as a society. E. Stanley Jones also emphasizes the need to keep it simple when going to other countries with the message of Christ, and let Him do the rest. Go out and get this book! (less)
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Bryan Neuschwander
Sep 28, 2017Bryan Neuschwander rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
What a hope saturated read! Jones seems to have deeply known the person of Jesus--the book practically oozes the gracious spirit of the King. This is a profound, mature, and lively reflection on learning to love and live across culture and religion in the way of Jesus. Highly recommend.
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Rebecca
Jan 22, 2018Rebecca rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
I am somewhat stunned by how well written and thoughtful this book is, given that it was written in 1925. He records talking with Gandhi many times, and thinks of his campaign as a noble failure, which, of course, is what it was in 1925. Though his vocabulary of Christianization is not going to read well, his sense that Indian people should be encouraged to accept Jesus without the accompanying burden of Christianity as the west has practiced it is well thought through, especially for the time in which it was written. (less)
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Tony Noel
Aug 08, 2018Tony Noel rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
Great book on missiology

There is much that can be extracted from this pivotal work regarding how to have a missional approach to the people/placed God has called you too.

E. Stanley Jones taught me to bring Jesus everywhere. Make Him simple. Proclaim unadulterated. Introduce Him to and trust Him with others. Be a learner of world-views and see where Christ is looking to fulfill because all truth is God’s truth. Saturate in Him daily and let the saturation pour to the hungry souls searching for it though they don’t know it yet.

So good. Read it. (less)
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Ron
Nov 28, 2020Ron rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
Jones describes beautifully what in the Indian culture I was only beginning to see during my time in India. He writes that we need to let Christ be the head of the church rather than exporting Western Christianity to a different culture. He tells of the concept of "Bhakti" inherent to the Indian of giving oneself in total devotion to another; as we are called in our relationship with Jesus Christ. I remember speaking with an Indian man while in India who spoke of that concept as what India can offer uniquely to Christianity. And now, I find myself envious of that openness to God. (less)
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Matthew Showman
Jun 24, 2017Matthew Showman rated it it was amazing
Shelves: 2017-books
I loved it. I loved it. I loved it.
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Jeannie Marie
Jun 20, 2018Jeannie Marie rated it it was amazing
One of my favorite books of all time. Mind-shifting. It changed my world view about Jesus and freed me up to just offer Jesus to my friends and not a religion.
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Mike
Oct 19, 2020Mike rated it it was amazing
My favourite of a number of Jones' books. ...more
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Cassian Lynne
Dec 14, 2020Cassian Lynne rated it really liked it
Some excellent and beautiful illustrations of who Jesus is! And in spite of a publishing date of 1927, modern key topics and questions are addressed.
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John
Nov 04, 2013John rated it really liked it
E. Stanley Jones (1884-1973) was a Methodist missionary from the U.S. who served primarily in India. This book, his first, was written in 1925. It seems remarkably contemporary, although Christians reading it today might feel a little less optimistic than Jones did then.
His overall thesis, as I understood it, is that he didn't come to India to bring Western civilization, or even to bring Christianity, but to bring Christ. His respect for the people of India and for their beliefs is apparent throughout.
Although this remains primarily a book for those of us who are interested in Christian missions, the historical backdrop is interesting because of course at the time India was still under the dominion of Great Britain. Jones felt that needed to change for the West to have any relevance in India.
Jones was a contemporary and friend -- and eventually a biographer -- of Mahatma Gandhi, and the chapter on Gandhi is particularly interesting.
But the whole book is inspirational, powerful and oh so reasonable.
Here are a few excerpts:

Christ must be in an Indian setting. It must be the Christ of the Indian Road.
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... we are not measuring ourselves by ourselves, but in the white light of the person of Jesus.
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We announce that we believe that we have discovered the center of this moral and spiritual universe -- the person of Jesus. That causes confusion and upset. But when men once find that center they find that an orderly spiritual universe comes out of chaos. But we do not impose it upon men, we share it with them.
###
He and the facts not only command us to go, but he, standing in the East, beckons us to come. He is there -- deeply there, before us. We not only take him; we go to him.
###
If Christ is in this, I do not see how we can be out of it.
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I have had no plans that I was not ready to scrap, if they did not seem to be vital, or did not work. There was one concern and one only: how could I help India to see in Jesus what I saw.
###
... if the East is crucified on a cross of servitude, we are being crucified on a cross of materialism. We both need thee -- desperately.
###
I said, "Mahatma Gandhi, I am very anxious to see Christianity naturalized in India, so that it shall be no longer a foreign thing identified with a foreign people and a foreign government, but a part of the national life of India and contributing its power to India's uplift and redemption. What would you suggest that we do to make that possible?" He very gravely and thoughtfully replied: "I would suggest first, that all of you Christians, missionaries and all, must begin to live more like Jesus Christ."
###
... we are inoculating the world with a mild form of Christianity, so that now it is practically immune against the real thing.
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We should be grateful for any truth found anywhere, knowing that it is the finger post that points to Jesus, who is the Truth.
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To lose one's temper would be to lose one's case, for we are not there to win arguments, but to win men.
###
In my ministry I was to be not God's lawyer, but his witness. That would mean that there would have to be living communion with Christ so that there would always be something to pass on.
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They forget many, if not most, of my arguments, but they bring up this matter of experience again and again. It grips.
###
If the emphasis in our approach to Christianity is "What?" then it is divisive, but if the emphasis is "Whom?" then we are drawn together at the place of this Central Magnet.
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Every nation has its peculiar contribution to make to the interpretation of Christianity. The Son of man is too great to be expressed by any one portion of humanity. Those that differ from us most will probably contribute most to our expression of Christianity.
###
How is it possible to limit or demarcate the lines of the Kingdom any more? He steps beyond them, and shocked and frightened like the Pharisees of other days we stand and wonder how far he will go in his warm sympathy and understanding. He eats with publicans and sinners and with the Hindu too.
###
###

I wish the publishers had included a biographical note, although that's found easily enough on Google.
Most of the books I read are borrowed from the library, but I'm glad I bought this one. I already want to read it again. (less)
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Richard Bartholomew
Jun 03, 2012Richard Bartholomew rated it liked it
Shelves: missionaries, christianity-in-asia
E. Stanley Jones has sometimes been dubbed the "Billy Graham of India" for his evangelism in that country; however, the evidence of The Christ of the Indian Road suggests that Jones was a man of broader experience and imagination than Graham. While remaining true to his evangelical experience, Jones had friends and associates among the Hindu intelligentsia – particularly M. K. Gandhi – and appreciated the need for Christianity to be interpreted by Indians within an Indian context, rather than conflated with Western civilization and imposed from the outside. Jones explains that Hindu intellectuals are increasingly coming to appreciate the significance of Christ and the problems with Hinduism, and that this would lead to a Christian future for India: "The Greeks were the brain of Europe and did its philosophic thinking, just as the Hindus are the brain of Asia and have done the philosophic thinking for Asia… Jesus stood midway between the Greeks and the Hindus…"

This is not, though, itself an intellectual volume: it is based on a series of addresses given in the USA in 1925-6, and "at the request of the publishers the spoken style has been retained". Much of the book consists of rapid-fire observations that range from the insightful to the glib (the above quote has something of both), and his argument depends to a large extent on the piling up of anecdotes. At the heart of the book is the notion of Jesus as "Personality", with a capital "P", whom Jones pitches with old-time sawdust enthusiasm ("there is literally non on else on the field and nothing else on the horizon"). His approach made me think of "Jesus Plus Nothing", a phrase associated with the Fellowship, and it is worth noting that Jones was also an associate of Abraham Vereide.

One chapter deals with "the Great Hindrance" to evangelism: western racism. This prompts one of the strangest passages in the book:
At question time a voice came out of the back of the crowd, "What do you think of the KKK?" This was about four years ago, when I had scarcely heard of the Klan myself. But here in the backwater of India, a place where I thought the least from the outside would penetrate, the loud speaker was speaking and was embarrassing our witness and message. I have many fine friends in the Klan, and they are sincere and earnest, but since they are a religious organization and have the cross at the center of their gatherings, their racial attitudes are a decided embarrassment to us.
The book also includes an amusing assessment of Krishnamurti:
I had a long interview with him, found him of average intelligence, of rather lovable disposition, of mediocre spiritual intuitions, and heard him swear in good, round English! I came away feeling that if he is all we, as a race, have to look to in order to get out of the muddle we are in, then God pity us.
(less)
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Jim Dressner
Jun 21, 2014Jim Dressner rated it really liked it  ·  review of another edition
Shelves: non-fiction, spiritual
This book, published in 1925, is both dated and surprisingly fresh. E. Stanley Jones seems remarkably free of the standard colonial mindset and lavishes much praise for many aspects of the Indian cultural genius. This book communicates his passion to have Jesus understood not from a Western point of view but rather from an Indian point of view, and expresses his view that this Indian understanding would enrich the global church's understanding of Jesus. This is now standard mission thinking--however imperfectly realized--but probably seemed radical at the time.

Jones' expressed optimism about Jesus' teaching becoming accepted widely all across India; I suspect he would be discouraged that respect for Jesus has not led to more followers of Jesus. It is disappointing to think of the lost opportunities and potential. Jones also projected the decline of Hinduism; I kept wondering how he would view the rise of Hindu nationalism and the recent electoral victory of the BJP.

The book is a surprisingly easy read, and has nuggets of wisdom that apply broadly to believers anywhere. I was particularly struck by the chapter entitled "The Concrete Christ"; while it didn't particularly fit the logical flow of the book, Jones made an interesting case for Jesus acting and teaching in strong, specific "concrete" ways. (less)
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Kathleen Dixon
Jan 06, 2010Kathleen Dixon rated it it was ok
Shelves: 100, religion-and-spirituality
This book was published in 1925, and the author of this book had been a missionary in India for many years He felt himself to be a part of the country. By his account he was highly successful in introducing Christ to India - because he didn't attempt to spead Western Christianity, but to witness to the Christ himself. In the words of 100CBCC 100 Christian Books That Changed the Century, he 'questioned stardard missionary procedure as well as British colonialism,' and that this 'was a key book in preparing the way for the future (p.47)'.

For a man of his time he was quite remarkable, though he was still limited by his need to proclaim Jesus as the Only Way. Still, if he had moved further he would then have been completely lost to the Christianity of the time and would thus have had little influence. So I would say that the seeds he planted (e.g. his praise of Gandhi, and his call for people to interpret Christ within their own context) proved ultimately fruitful. Though it took a long time, there has been some excellent, recent scholarship on the culturally interpreted Christ. JOnes would be pleased. (less)
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Doug
Mar 17, 2014Doug rated it really liked it
This book is truly eye opening. Jones was a missionary to India for many years, and during that time he was compelled to think about the message of Christ over and against the idea of Christ as propagated in the United States. Much of the book is dated with events and illustrations from his life, but it also contains some deep metaphysical reflection on the exclusivity of the Christian faith. Jones was not given to criticizing other faiths (and is helpful in this regard), but he never sacrificed his belief that Jesus is the only true hope for the world. He wanted to shake (burn) the chaff from the wheat, to use a biblical metaphor, and in this regard the book is a good teacher. It helps us to focus on the Christ of the Bible, not the Christ who has frequently been reinterpreted in light of modern sensibilities. (less)
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Diane
Dec 29, 2013Diane rated it it was amazing
Written during the 1920s by an American missionary to India, this book discusses his experiences on the sub-continent, as well as the progress that Christianity had made with the Indians so far. The author does a good job of explaining India's particular religious genius, and how it can mix with Christianity. His theology is obviously orthodox, but he also includes many thoughtful reflections on the nature of Christ, and how to introduce Christ to a non-Christian society. (less)
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Josiah
Oct 07, 2014Josiah rated it really liked it
Shelves: 2014, asia, christian, non-fiction
Excellent excellent book. Christianity above all revolves around the person of Jesus Christ--not on Western church traditions or colonial mindsets. Jones ably and creatively shows how Jesus is taking hold of the lives of Indians in the early 20th century, and hammers the truth that all Jesus-followers must continue to focus on the life and person of Jesus.
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Scott Ray
Aug 05, 2011Scott Ray rated it it was amazing
Written originally in the 40s? Yet still very valid today. What we should always remember is that we are to talk about Christ above all. This is more important than trying to impose culture or what we would like to see....we are to talk Christ above all.
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Luís Alexandre Ribeiro Branco
Jan 11, 2014Luís Alexandre Ribeiro Branco rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
Shelves: lidos-em-2013
I read this book while I was serving as a missionary in India many years ago. For me is the best Christian book to help missionaries planning to serve in India. More than that it is a wonderful Chistology book.

Religious Universalism in Modern Japan: Unitarians as Mediators Between Intellectuals and the West on JSTOR

Religious Universalism in Modern Japan: Unitarians as Mediators Between Intellectuals and the West on JSTOR

Religious Universalism in Modern Japan: Unitarians as Mediators Between Intellectuals and the West
Aki Yamaguchi and 山口亜紀
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
Vol. 32, No. 2, Essays from the XIXth World Congress of the IAHR, Tokyo, March 2005 (2005), pp. 305-318 (14 pages)
Published By: Nanzan University

https://www.jstor.org/stable/30234065


Abstract

At the outset of the modern nation-state in the early part of the Meiji period (1880s to 1890s), Japanese intellectuals engaged in serious discussions concerning the spiritual restoration of the country. They envisioned a reorganization of Japanese religious traditions that had fallen apart into various sects of Buddhist and Shinto traditions along with folk practices. As they sought to reorganize Japanese religious traditions with a more universalist outlook, the opinion leaders of the day, such as Fukuzawa Yukichi, Yano Fumio, Nakamura Masanao, Katō Hiroyuki, and Sugiura Shigetake were in sympathy with the Unitarianism that was introduced into Japan at that time. While they began to understand "religion" as a pillar of the modern nation-state, they expected that Unitarians would make contributions to social development and national unity as mediators with universalistic perspectives. Yet, their understanding of the Unitarian type of universalism was, by and large, intricately connected with nationalism.

한살림광주 : 한살림과 철학 : 네이버 블로그

한살림광주 : 한살림과 철학 : 네이버 블로그




한살림광주 : 한살림과 철학

푸훗

2020. 9. 20

2020년은 코로나19와 기후위기의 현실화를 목도하게 된 한 해입니다.

지속가능한 생태적 삶과, 인간은 물론 뭇 생명들과도 함께 사는 상생의 시대를 도외시했던 결과가 이렇게 현실로 나타나버렸다는 개탄이 곳곳에서 들립니다.



한살림을 만든 무위당 장일순 선생님에 대해 판화가 이철수님은

"선생님은 온 생명을 '모시는' 사람이셨습니다.

위도 모시고 아래도 모시고 좌도 우도 섬기셨습니다."



(무위당평전 추천하는 말 참조)



온 생명을 '모시는' 사람이었던 무위당 장일순 선생님은 동학사상에 대한 관심이 많았고 선생님의 생명사상은 동학정신과 궤를 같이 하고 있습니다.



근본을 돌아봐야 할 시기,

한살림 광주 교육위원회는 한살림의 철학을 조합원들과 함께 공부하고 우리의 삶의 태도를 되돌아보는 시간을 가지려 합니다. 많은 관심과 참여 부탁드립니다.





시간 : 매달 마지막주 금요일 오전 10시~12시

장소 : 무등공부방(광주광역시 서구 농성동 269-13 2층)

교육비 : 10만원(개별강좌 신청시 강좌당 1만원)

교육신청 : 한살림광주 사무국 (062.430.3539)

교육위원장 감주영(010-8203-8953)

입금계좌: 농협 696-01-5056(한살림광주생협)



<교육 목차>

1.코로나와 동학정신

2.동아시아 사상전통

3.최제우의 다시개벽

4.최시형의 도덕개벽

5.원불교의 살림철학

6.최시형의 지구공화

7.이돈화의 신인철학

8.윤노빈의 신생철학

9.김지하의 생명개벽

10.장일순의 살림철학

11.한살림선언문 읽기

12.지구화시대 인문학






강사소개

조성환 박사



원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 책임연구원. 개벽의 관점에서 한국의 근대사상사를 연구하는 개벽학자로, 『한국 근대의 탄생』과 『개벽파선언』(공저)을 썼고, 『한국은 하나의 철학이다』와 『공공철학대화』를 번역하였다.

최근작 : <세계는 왜 한국에 주목하는가>,<개벽의 징후 2020>,<개벽파선언> … 총 9종





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한살림과 철학 1강 : 네이버 블로그

한살림과 철학 1강 : 네이버 블로그



한살림과 철학 1강

푸훗

2020. 10. 30. 13:27
이웃추가
본문 기타 기능


한살림광주 교육위원회가 한 달에 한 번,

앞으로 1년동안 진행하는 한살림과 철학 강의가 시작되었습니다.



마침 어제 읽기 시작한 김영민교수의 책 서문의 글귀가 눈에 들어왔어요.

"배우는 사람은 자포자기하지 않는다."



한살림선언을 가진 한살림은 이미 철학을 갖고 있으나, 이를 다시 읽고 재해석하고 새로운 방법으로 구현해낼 생각의 힘을 기르는 것. 이미 존재하는 것들을 '다시' 돌아보고 살펴보는 것이 필요한 시기가 아닌가 합니다.



수업을 들으면서 한살림의 가치에 대한 인식의 틀을 잡고, 삶 속의 화두로 삼아 나의 삶을 어떻게 꾸려갈 것인가를 고민해야 할 것 같네요.







1강의 주제



1년간 강의를 맡아주실 조성환 박사




1990년대 전세계는 Globalization이라는 현상 속에 있지만, 한 편에서는 다른 의미의 지구민주주의 이론을 펼치던 이들도 있었다고 합니다. 한국의 김대중 전 대통령(대통령 당선되기 전), 인도의 반다나 시바, 한국의 김지하 시인이 같은 맥락의 주장을 각각 펼칩니다.



그리고 이들의 이야기는 이미 1800년대 한국에서는 동학사상으로, 고대 인도에서는 지구 일가로 ,아메리카 대륙의 시애틀 추장은 어머니지구라는 표현으로 인간중심이 아닌 자연만물과 안간이 함께 연결된 세계에 대한 인식들이 이미 존재해 왔었고 이들은 그 가차관들을 다시 짚어보고 이래야하지 않느냐 제안을 했던 거지요.












그럼에도 그러한 생각들은 소수 의견에 머물고 세상은 분절된 상태로 파괴하고 착취해왔지요. 끊임없이 더욱 기하급수적인 속도로요. 다행인 것은 코로나 이후 이런 과거들을 돌아보고 지금까지와는 다른, '하늘, 땅,만물에 대해서도 형제애를 느끼는 차원으로 확장된 Global Democracy'가 필요하다는 걸 감지한 듯 합니다.



1800년대에 이미 이런 관점의 철학으로 발전한 '동학'을 지구학적 관점으로 다시 보는 것, 더 깊이 들여다보는 것, 아마도 그것이 1년동안 수업을 받는 우리의 과제이고 이를 통해 생각의 힘을 키우고 자포자기하지 않고 좀더 많은 사람들이 생각의 전환을 할 수 있도록 이를 전파시키는 것이 한살림의 사명이며 그렇게 앞으로 나아가게 하려는 것이 이 강의의 목적인듯 합니다.



한살림의 소명을 실천하는 것은,

한살림다운 생각을 삶 속에서 지키며 사는 것은 쉽지 않습니다. 힘들지만 자포자기하지 않으려고저는 이 수업을 듣습니다.

한살림광주 철학강의 2강 : 동아시아 사상전통 : 네이버 블로그

한살림광주 철학강의 2강 : 동아시아 사상전통 : 네이버 블로그




한살림광주 철학강의 2강 : 동아시아 사상전통

푸훗

2020. 11. 27. 17:31
이웃추가
본문 기타 기능


수업을 시작하면서 조성환선생님은 지난주 다녀온 익산 장점마을의 이야기를 전했습니다. 2001년 금강농산이라는 비료공장이 들어서면서 근처 저수지의 물고기가 떼죽음을 당하고 날아가던 새들이 죽고, 주민들 중 5명 중 1명이 암에 걸리는 등 2017년 공장이 폐쇄될때까지 죽음의 그림자가 계속 드리웠다고 해요. 동양에서는 본래의 속성(결)을 중시하나 서양의 근대사상은 자연과의 조화가 아닌 새로운 것의 창조를 중시했고 이런 생각들이 우리에게도 유입이 되면서 전세계적인 기후위기,코로나19 등의 위기상황이 된 것이 아닌가 싶다고요.



한살림의 태동도 땅과 사람의 죽음이 계기가 되었고, 한살림의 정신과 궤를 같이하는 동학사상이 나타나게 된 배경을 돌아보자면 동아시아의 사상이 어떻게 발달되어 왔는지를 돌아볼 필요가 있다고 합니다.





독일의 철학자 칼 야스퍼스는 기원전 8세기와 기원전 3세기 사이를 인류의 축의 시대(Axial Age)라 하여 전세계적으로 철학과 종교(사상)가 발생한 시기라고 합니다. 중국 역시 춘추전국시대( BC 8세기에서 BC 3세기에 이르는 중국 고대의 변혁시대)에 제자백가라 하여 유가(공자,맹자,순자), 묵가(묵자), 도가(노자,장자),법가(한비자) 사상을 발전시켰습니다. 이들은 중국철학의 주체들입니다.



그러면 중국의 철학은 어떤 주제로 펼쳐졌을까요? 도덕(道德)이 주제였다고 합니다.

도(道)는 Dao(따오);Way, Course, 길, 방법, 당위(해야만 하는 것)으로

덕(德)은 Powr, Virtue, 得(타고남), 내공/공력, 카리스마로 무엇인가를 갈고 닦은 달인의 이미지가 강하다고 합니다. 그러니까 중국의 철학은 길을 찾아 수련을 통해 득도를 하게 되는 끊임없는 과정으로 보면 되지 않을까 싶어요. 그래서 수많은 사상들이 생겨나는 상황에서 이에 따른 갈등(전쟁)이 발생하지 않았으나 서양에서는 사상을 종교의 개념으로 이해하기 때문에 전쟁이 발생하지 않았던 점을 이해하지 못한다고 합니다.






중국에서는 국가가 공인한 도(道)에 대해서는 교(敎)의 이름을 붙였는데 그것이 유교,불교,도교 세 가지라고 합니다. 국가가 공인한 사상이니만큼 이단이나 사이비가 될 수 없다고 하네요.



사상이란 수용자측의 선호도에 따라 수용하면서 약간의 변형이 일어나기도 하는데 중국의 사상은 기본적으로 도덕(道德), 수기안인(修己安人)의 기초위에 받아들여 지기에 나를 수련하여 다른 이를 편안케하는 타자구제가 주요 관심사가 되어 자신이 부처가 되고자하는 소승불교는 배척되고 대중구제를 하고자하는 대승불교를 받아들였다는 것도 흥미로운 대목이었습니다.



우리나라도 고려까지는 중국의 세 가지 사상 중 너무나 중국적인 도교외에 유교와 불교는 거의 곧바로 수용의 과정을 거쳤고 고려까지는 모든 사상들일 포용이 되었으나 조선에 이르러 유교(주자학) 외에는 사문난적이라 하여 문제가 되었습니다.



동학은 우리나라의 민중들이 하늘을 천지만물로 이해하고 있었고 이런 하늘이 주체가 되는 사상으로 발전한 것인데 중국은 하늘을 도/리(규칙,규범)정도로 이해하고 있어 우리나라의 민중과는 관점이 달랐고, 최제우 선생은 이 다름을 인지하고 기존의 학문질서(조선이 받아들인 사상의 기반)에 반하는 사상을 전개한 것이라고 할 수 있습니다. 하늘(하나님이라는 신)이 주체가 되는 또 하나의 사상이 천주교인데, 왜 서학이라 하지 않고 '동학'이라고 했느냐는 물음에 "나는 동에서 태어나서(生於東) 동에서 받았으니(受於東) 도는 비록 천도이지만 학은 동학이다. 나의 도는(吾道) 여기에서(斯) 받아서(受於斯) 여기에서(斯) 펼치니(布於斯) 어찌 '서(西)'라고 말할 수 있겠는가'" 라고 대답했다고 합니다.



수용자의 선호도에 따른 사상의 측면에서 보자면 최제우 선생의 동학사상이 가장 우리다운 사상으로 보이지요. 다음 시간엔 어떤 내용들이 펼쳐질지 궁금해집니다.






 5

한살림과 철학 - 3강.동학의 탄생 : 네이버 블로그

한살림과 철학 - 3강.동학의 탄생 : 네이버 블로그



한살림과 철학 - 3강.동학의 탄생

푸훗

2020. 12. 17.

코로나상황을 감안해 오늘 수업은 Zoom으로 이루어졌다. 미리 받아본 파워포인트 자료를 보고 수업내용을 가늠하기도, 어찌 요약해야할지 난감한 내용들로 가득해서 어쩌면 좋나 싶었다. 지난해 무등공부방에서 들었던 조성환 선생의 수업은 우리나라의 사상사적 흐름 속에서 어떻게 동학이 나타났고, 다시 개벽의 의미는 무엇인가에 맞춰졌다면 이번 수업은 1년 동안, 동학이 나타나기 전부터 동학사상이 한살림사상으로 흡수되는 과정에 대한 것이기에 대부분의 수강생들에게 생소한 내용이어서 전반적으로는 수업이 어려웠다는 평이 많았다.







2020년 12월 17일 한살림과 철학 3강


오늘 수업의 제목, 득도와 창학이라니?! 흐익!



최제우가 동학을 만든 1860년은 동아시아 역사상 변혁의 시기였다. 중국은 아편전쟁으로 수도가 함락됐고 서양에 무릎을 꿇었다. 일본은 근대화의 선구자로 불리는 후쿠자와 유이치가 서양문물을 받아들이기 위해 서양으로 떠나는 해였다. 자의든 타의든 간에 동아시아는 서양의 영향 아래 들어선 것이다. 우리나라는 괴질이 돌고 민중을 심하게 착취하던 암울한 시기였지만 '인간이 새로운 세상을 연다'는 희망찬 미래의 철학, 동학이 탄생했다. 이 주체적인 사상은 이후 1894년 동학농민혁명으로, 1919년의 삼일운동으로 이어진다. 2016년 촛불집회도 같은 맥락으로 볼 수 있겠다.





동학의 지도자




동학을 창시한 수운 최제우 선생은 경주 양반 최옥이 60세 전후로 얻은 서자출신이다. 최제우 선생의 부친 최옥은 퇴계학 등 유학에 정통한 학자였고 이런 부친이 세상을 뜬 17세 무렵까지 그는 부친에게 유학을 배웠던 터라 철학적 기반이 단단했다. 동학의 독특한 점은 보국안민의 계책을 최제우가 스스로 생각해 낸 것이 아니라 하늘님으로부터 계시의 형태로 내려받았다는 점이다. 그런 점에서 중국의 주류 사상과는 계통이 다르다. 유교나 불교는 모두 성인이 자연을 본뜨거나 스스로 깨달아서 나온 사상이기 때문이다. (조성환, 2019, 2019 개벽학당 강의안 11강 새로운 하늘의 탄생 2p.) 하늘님의 계시와 체험을 최제우가 해석하여 완성한 학문이다.






동학의 발달경과

이때의 하늘님은 서양의 신관처럼 전지전능한 존재가 아닌 인간의 힘이 필요한 존재로 하늘과 인간의 합작을 통해 완성된 철학이다. 최제우는 유학자 출신으로 학문적 기반이 탄탄했기에 하늘님의 계시와 체험을 문답과 수양을 통해 발전시키고 학문으로 발전시켰다. 죽기 전까지 4년 동안 득도와 창학이 이루어졌고, 한글 저서 『용담유사』와 한문 저서 『동경대전』을 남겼다.







용담유사는 노래형식으로 민중들을 위한 한글저서로, 동경대전은 한문저서로 학문적 성격을 갖고 있다.


최제우는 안심가에서 '다시개벽'을 이야기 한다.

십이제국 괴질운수 다시개벽 아닐런가 태평성세 다시정해 국태민안 할것이니

(『용담유사』 「 몽중노소문답가」)



다시개벽, 다시정해의 '다시'의 뉘앙스는 대전환을 품는다. 기존의 신분,사회질서와는 전혀 다른 새롭게 정한 체계, 관계의 대전환을 꿈꾼다. 수직관계에서 수평관계로의 전환은 인간과 인간에 머무는 것이 아니라 인간과 자연, 인간과 신의 관계도 마찬가지다. 이는 한살림 정신까지 이어진다. 존재하는 모든 것은 '하늘님', 우리는 모두 '하늘님'을 품은 존재다. 이건 관계의 대전환은 새로운 세상을 여는 개벽'의 성격을 가지게 되며 그 속에는 모두를 모시는 비폭력, 평화의 성격 또한 갖는다. 동학농민운동과 삼일독립운동은 비폭력 평화운동이었고 이는 2016년의 촛불집회에까지 이어진다. 단재 신채호는 의열단의 선언문(조선혁명선언)을 통해 이런 비폭력 평화운동을 비판한 바 있다고 한다.



이하 수업에서는 동학에서 나오는 여러 개념들, 21자로 표현된 주문들에 대한 설명들이 이어졌다. 수면패턴이 무너져서 신체적으로 한계에 이르러 수업에 집중하지 못해 상세한 내용은 기록을 하지 못했고, 설명이 쉽지 않은 관계로 오늘은 이 정도로 마무리해야겠다.



아파트 이웃의 내부공사로 추운 아파트 상가 한쪽에 겨우 자리를 만들고 두 시간이나 수업을 진행해주신 조성환 선생님께 다시 한번 고마운 마음을 전합니다^^

[한살림과 철학 6강]원불교 : 지구를 공경하는 불교 : 네이버 블로그

[한살림과 철학 6강]원불교 : 지구를 공경하는 불교 : 네이버 블로그



[한살림과 철학 6강]원불교 : 지구를 공경하는 불교

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2021. 4. 2. 17:00
이웃추가
본문 기타 기능


지난 강의에서 우리는 무위당 장일순 선생이 해월선생의 사상을 어떻게 받아들였는지 해월선생의 추모비를 세운 후 도와준 분들에게 보낸 편지를 통해 알아보았다.

“여러분이 아시다시피 해월 선생은 삼경(三敬)을 설파하셨어요. 경천(敬天), 경인(敬人), 경물(敬物)의 이치를 볼 때에 인간과 천지만물에 이르기까지 모두를 한울님으로 섬기고 공경하시고 가셨기에 모든 이웃이라는 말로 하였고, 벗이란 말은 삼경의 도리로 볼 때에 선생님께서는 도덕의 극치를 행하셨기 때문에 일체와의 관계가 동심원적 자리, 절대적 자리에 서계셨기 때문에 벗이라는 말을 쓰게 되었습니다.

그리고 최보따리라는 말은 방방곡곡 어디를 가시나 지극히 간단한 행장으로 보따리를 매시고 다니셨기에 일행을 지긋이 한자리에 머무실 수 없이 설법하고 민중들과 같이 하셨으므로 최(崔)보따리라고 했습니다.

이 한마디 법설에는 해월 삼경(三敬)의 일체의 도리가 다 들어있고 이렇게 하태(下台) 전면에 쓰게 된 것은 산업문명에서 탈출하여 앞으로의 지구, 나아가서 우주의 일체의 존재가 공생할 수 있는 도리가 여기에 있음으로 이렇게 썼습니다.”

1990년 4월 17일 장일순


오늘의 수업은 삼경의 일체의 도리를 받아안은 종교, 원불교에 대해 듣는 시간.

원불교는 대종사 소태산 박중빈이 큰 깨달음을 얻은 1916년, 최초의 법어를 발표하면서 시작되었고, 교단의 경제적 기초를 확립하는 시기(저축조합 설립), 경전을 만드는 시기(교리를 모은 정전, 창시자의 언행록 대종경), 인재를 양성(유일학림 설립- 원광대학의 전신)하고 포교활동을 하는 시기를 거치며 교단을 발전시켜 나갔다.

원불교는 궁극의 진리를 '일원상(ㅇ)'으로 표현하는데 이는 '모두가 하나다' 라고 의미이고, 사은 중 동포은은 해월의 천지부모 사상과 다르지 않다. 개인적으로 인상적이었던 것은 '남자와 여자도 하나다'라고 해서 교단내 에서도 여성의 권위가 정확히 지켜지고 있고, 실제 오늘도 두 명의 여성 지도자 일화들이 소개되기도 했다.

오늘의 이야기 중에 나에게 와닿았던 것 중 첫 번째는 원불교는 경계를 부정한다는 것.(국한, 간격, 한계, 울타리, 장벽을 부수고) 세상만물의 모든 것을 받아들이고 활용해서 개인, 가정, 사회, 국가, 세계를 다 잘 살게 하고자 하는 것이었다. 진리를 활용하지 하면 다 무용한 것이라며^^

"널리 살피지 못하는 사람은 항상 저의 하는 일에만 고집하며 저의 집 풍속에만 성습되어 다른 일은 비방하고 다른 집 풍속은 배척하므로 각각 그 규모와 구습을 벗어나지 못하고 드디어 한 편에 떨어져서 그 간격이 은산철벽같이 되나니, 나라와 나라 사이나 교회와 교회 사이나 개인과 개인 사이에 서로 반목하고 투쟁하는 것이 다 이에 원인함이라. 어찌 본래의 원만한 큰 살림을 편벽되이 가르며, 무량한 큰 법을 조각조각으로 나누리요. 우리는 하루 속히 이 간격을 타파하고 모든 살림을 융통하여 원만하고 활발한 새 생활을 전개하여야 할 것이니 그러하다면 이 세상에는 한 가지도 버릴 것이 없나니라."

두 번째 인상깊었던 것은 '상(相)'을 만들지 않는다는 것이었다. 조성환 선생은 이런 고정성의 부정을 동양철학의 특징이라며 몇 가지 예를 들어주셨다.

소태산 박중빈 스스로 '나는 너희들에게 참 선생을 인도하여 주는 사람이다'라고 박노신에게 말했는데 일찌기 공자도 '어찌 일정한 스승이 있겠는가? 배움에는 일정한 스승이 없다'고 했단다.

"세상 사람들은 사서삼경이나 팔만대장경이나 기타 교회의 서적들만이 경전인 줄로 알고 현실로 나타나 있는 큰 경전은 알지 못하나니 어찌 답답한 일이 아니리요. (중략) 이 세상 모든 것이 하나도 경전이 아님이 없나니 (중략) 언제 어디서나 조금도 끊임없이 경전이 되나니라"

이런 표현보다는 이공주와의 대화에서 내가 베푼 은혜 또한 상이 되어 나의 죄가 될 수 있음을 지적한 것. '어떠한 선을 지었더라도 선을 지었다는 상이 없어야 무상한 천지대덕의 가르침을 본받은 사람'

공부하는 사람은 달마의 "응용무념을 덕이라 한다", 노자의 "상덕은 덕이라는 상이 없다"는 도리를 알고 이 마음을 응용하여야 은혜가 영원한 은혜가 되고 복이 영원한 복이 되어 천지로 더불어 그 덕을 합하게 될 것이니, 그대는 그 상 없는 덕과 변함없는 복을 짓기에 더욱 꾸준히 힘쓸지어다.(『대종경』제6 변의품(辨疑品) 24장)

원불교의 법문 중 천지의 이치를 깨닫고 진리의 중추로 삼을 것을 설파하고 천지가 없다면 우리도 없음을 알아 그로부터 큰 은혜를 받음을 깨닫고 천지의 도를 본받아 행함으로써 보은이 되는 동시에 우리가 곧 천지와 합일하여 덕화가 만방에 미칠 것이다라는 것이 있다.

이는 해월선생의 천지부모 사상과 다르지 않다.

“천지는 곧 부모요 부모는 곧 천지니, 천지부모는 일체이다. 부모의 포태가 곧 천지의 포태이니, 지금 사람들은 다만 부모 포태의 이치만 알고 천지포태의 이치와 기운을 알지 못한다. 하늘과 땅이 덮어주고 실어주니 덕이 아니고 무엇이겠는가?”


신앙으로써의 원불교는 모든 종교의 진리를 받아안아 끊임없는 교육과 수행(수련)을 통해 지속성을 유지하고 있단다. 한 살림 역시 끊임없는 공부와 현실에서의 수행을 통해 경계를 자각하고 발전적인 지속성을 갖기를 바라게 된다.

한살림과 철학 - 천도교의 탄생 : 네이버 블로그

한살림과 철학 - 천도교의 탄생 : 네이버 블로그한살림


한살림과 철학 - 천도교의 탄생

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대우주의 뇌신경의 말초는 늙은이에게 있지 아니하고 젊은이에게도 있지 아니하고 오직 어린이 그들에게만 있는 것을 늘 생각하여 주시오.

- 1923년 어린이선언 중 어른에게 드리는 글


4월 30일 한살림과 철학 7강은 천도교의 탄생에 관한 강의였다. 

마침 5월 5일 어린이날을 맞아 라디오에서는 어린이날의 유래에 대한 내용이 나왔다. 2월 강의 때 '어린아이를 때리는 것은 한울님을 때리는 것이다.’는 해월의 가르침이 동학의 제3세 교조 의암 손병희의 사위였던 방정환 등에 의해 어린이운동으로 확산되었다는 것이 인상이 깊었는데 마침 이 부분을 어린이선언 중 마지막 문장이 매우 의미심장하다고 해설자가 짚어주었다. 동학은 과거의 조상이 아니라 현재의 나, 모든 것을 다 품은 어린 아이의 미래를 중요시하는 미래주의 사상의 요체를 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있다.

​이번 강의에서는 어린이날을 만든 사상적 요체였고, 동학의 다른 이름이 된 천도교의 탄생과 이 사상이 삼일운동에 미친 영향에 대해 알아보았다.

1894년 동학혁명 이후 1898년 해월 최시형이 처형되고 해월의 3대 제자였던 손병희, 손천민(1900처형), 김연국(1904년 석방, 친일사상을 기반으로 한 시천교 세워 추방)중에 3대 교조가 된 손병희는 1905년 동학을 천도교라는 이름으로 온 천하에 선포했다고 한다. 이전까지 동학은 도덕(수양)으로서의 종교의 개념으로 여길 수 있었는데 천도교라는 이름 아래에서는 오히려 서구적인 종교나 사회운동화 되어 수련의 개념은 희석화되된 것 같다고 조성환 선생은 평가했다. 1894년의 동학혁명 당시는 척양척왜(斥洋斥倭)라는 반외세(反外勢) 운동의 성격이었으나 1905년 천도교로 전환한 이후 개화사상을 수용하고 개혁과 신문화 운동을 전개하고 3·1독립운동을 주도했고 이후 일제강점기 민중민족문화운동에 힘썼다.

​이번 강의에서 가장 인상깊었던 것은 우리가 윌슨의 민족자결주의로부터 영향을 받았다고 배운 '삼일독립선언문'이 개벽사상에 기초했다는 것. 당시 국내의 천도교의 교세란 지금의 개신교만큼의 규모라고 봐도 무방했다고 한다. 개벽사상은 전환, 개척, 도덕을 키워드로 표현할 수 있는데 삼일운동에 담긴 동학정신에 대해 일찌기 알아본 사람 역시 장일순 선생이었다. 「상대를 변화시키며 함께」, 김익록 엮음, 『 (무위당 장일순 잠언집) 나는 미처 몰랐네 그대가 나였다는 것을』, 시골생활, 2012, 113쪽에

" 3·1 만세에 민족의 자주와 거룩한 민족의 존재를 천명하는 속에서도 비협력과 비폭력이라고 하는 정신이 깃들어 있었어요. 그것이 바로 동학의 정신이에요.”

중국의 몰락으로 새로운 사상적 기초를 폭력적이고 침략적인 서양사상을 유입하는 대신 스스로 해답을 찾아 동학을 창시했고, " 우리 도는 5만년의 미래를 표준한다"고 말하며 미래를 개척하는 사상적 기준을 제시한다. 활인도덕, 즉 "사람을 살리는 도덕"을 지향한 동학은 기본적으로 평화를 지향하고 제폭구민, 즉 "폭력을 제거하여 백성을 구제한다"는 슬로건을 나타냈다.

삼일독립선언서에 나타난

" 금일 오인의 소임은 다만 자기의 건설이 유할 뿐이요, 결코 타의 파괴에 재치 아니하도다. 엄숙한 양심의 명령으로써 자가의 신운명을 개척함이오."

는 민중들 자신의 힘으로 새로운 세상을 열고자 했던 개벽정신에 다름아니며,(개척)

"구시대의 유물인 침략주의 강권주의의 희생을 작하여 구사상,구세력에 기미된 일본위정가의 공명적 희생이 된 부자연, 불합리한 착오 상태를 개선광정하야, 자연 합리한 정경대원으로 귀환케 함이로다"

외세의 폭력에 억압당하고 있는 상황을 평화적인 방법에 의해 개선광정하여 평화로운 새 질서를 만들고자 한 동학농민운동에 이은 두번째 사례이자 다짐(평화주의)

아아!신천지가 안전에 전개되도다.위력의 시대는 거하고 도의의 시대가 래하도다. 과거 전세기에 연마단련된 인도적 정신이 바야흐로 신문명의 서광을 인류의 역사에 투사하기 시하도다.

독립선언서의 시대전환의 역사인식은 물질의 시대에서 정신시대로의 전환, 폭력시대에서 평화시대로의 전환, 후천개벽의 정신의 계승이 아닐 수 없다.(전환)

3·1운동은 천도교가 주축이 되어 일어난 비폭력 저항운동이었고, 천도교는 동학을 서구 근대적인 종교교단의 형태로 발전시킨 조직이다. 그런데 동학은 일반적으로 일제에 저항한 '동학농민전쟁'으로만 알려졌지, 장일순 선생처럼 그 운동의 바탕에 비폭력정신이 깔려 있다는 사실을 아는 이는 드물다. 동학에서 원불교에 이르는 개벽사상이 우리 나름대로의 '새로운 질서', 즉 한국적 근대를 창출하고자 한 창조적인 사상운동이었다는 인식이 여전히 부족한 상태여서 동학과 삼일운동이 같은 뿌리임에도 불구하고 "동학운동=전쟁, 삼일운동=평화"라는 인식으로 뿌리박혀 있는 것은 우리의 근대사를 저항과 투쟁중심으로만 이해한 결과일 것이다.

​우리 안에서 만든 근대의 사상적 뿌리는 동학, 삼일운동, 독립운동, 헌법정신에 기초에 지금에 이르고 있다는 사실을 많은 이들이 상식적으로 알 수 있는 날이 오기를.

​<참고>

1.개벽으로 다시 읽는 한국 근대 - 「삼일독립선언서」에 나타난 개벽사상을 중심으로- 종교교육학연구 제59권.pp.1~14. 2019,원광대학교 조성환


2.  7강 천도교의 탄생, 조성환

3.천도교개관(http://www.chondogyo.or.kr/)

4. 한국방정환재단 - ON전람회(국내어린이선언), 방정환사료관(방정환이야기)
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푸훗

인생은 언제나 최초의 순간들로 가득 차 있다. 그냥 손을 뻗어 그것을 붙들면 된다.

이웃추가

도올 선생의 동경대전 삼암장을 끌어들이는 대목마다, 천도교에 대한 디스가

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3tSicuepognsu0rf Aepmariolmer latSa 1e4:idsg07 ·



[개벽통문-168] 도올 선생의 <동경대전> 이야기기가 하늘과 땅 사이를 차고 넘친다. 

그런데, 어쩌랴! 도고일척 마고일장(道高一尺 魔高一丈)이다.
 삼암장을 끌어들이는 대목마다, 천도교에 대한 디스가 여지없이 적나라하다. 
삼암장의 생전의 성정에 천도교(지도부)에 대한 비판이 강했던 것은 사실이지만, 
그 본뜻이 천도교에 대한 비난과 포기에 있지 않았으리라는 점도, 역연하다. 

삼암장과 '천도교[=도올 선생이 '세계의 성경'이라고 말하는 동경대전의 담지자로서]' 둘 다에게 독(毒)이 되는 언행이다. 

그러나 오늘의 천도교는 그 독(毒)이 아니면, 회생키 어려운 중병(重病)이 들었음도 또한 현실이다. 

도올 선생의 넘친 언행의 뜻도 거기에 있으리라 넘겨짚는다. 
넘겨짚다가 팔 부러지지 않기를 바랄 뿐이다. ... 

원광대학교 원불교사상연구원에서는 박맹수 총장님 주재하에 도올 선생 <동경대전>의 공독(共讀) 작업이 진행중이다. 
도올 선생의 성취를 더 빛내고, 쟁점과 오류를 광정(匡正)하는 게 목표다. 
책으로 내는 것까지도 ... 

천도교인들은 이 독(毒)을 약(藥)으로 쓸 요량으로 <동경대전집주대전>(동학천도교사전연구회) 작업을 시작한다. 
'초고'를 만드는 데만 5년은 금세 지나갈 거고, 10년도 길지 않다. 
그렇게 초고가 완성되면, 완정본(完定本)을 만드는 데 또 몇 년이 더 걸릴 터이다. ... 

경전(천도교경전: 동경대전, 용담유사, 해월신사법설, 의암성사법설) 공부는 독공(篤功)에 적공(積功), 덕공(德功)으로 이루어진다... 
그저, 장산곶의 매가 되어 길을 따라 날아갈 뿐이다! 

[사진은 삼암 표영삼 선생이 찍은 구미산과 용담계곡]
#도올 #동경대전 #동학천도교사전연구회 #인명사전 #철학사전 #역사사전 #경전사전



73You, Yoo Jung Gil, Sunghwan Jo and 70 others
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박돈서

성사님이 말씀하신 신사상시대에 부응하는 행보가 기대됩니다. 백화가 만발한 화원에는 온갖 벌과 나비가 날아들겠지요!


김호

오랫만에 도올의 동경대전을 다시 읽었는데 만감이 교차하네요...그 큰물줄기였던 동학은 왜이리 저먼 과거로만 느껴지는지 말입니다. 다시 공부하는 계기는 되었습니다.
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동학역사 '수운의 삶과…' 펴낸 표영삼씨
최제우·최시형 행적 좇아 30년
이선민기자
입력 2004.06.09 18:39

표영삼(表暎三·79)씨.<br> <a href=mailto:cjkim@chosun.com><font color=#000000>/ 김창종기자</font><

천도교의 원로인 삼암장(三庵丈) 표영삼(表暎三·79)씨는 교단 내에서 동학 역사에 가장 밝은 인물로 통한다. 50대 초반부터 동학의 제1·2대 교주인 수운(水雲) 최제우·해월(海月) 최시형의 행적과 초기 동학 역사의 발자취를 찾아 근 30년간 전국을 누빈 그가 최근 동학의 역사를 3권의 책으로 정리해냈다. 최근 펴낸 ‘동학 1:수운의 삶과 생각’(통나무)은 ‘동학’ 3부작의 첫번째 책이다.

“천도교에서 전승되는 동학의 역사를 더욱 객관적이고 합리적인 시각에서 정리해 보고 싶었습니다. 문헌 조사와 현지 답사를 통해 부정확한 부분을 바로잡고, 동학이 지향한 참된 목표와 의미를 밝히려고 했습니다.”

평북 구성에서 태어난 표씨는 친가와 외가가 모두 동학 집안이었기 때문에 어려서부터 ‘어머니의 등에 업혀’ 동학에 들어와 평생을 수행과 교육·포교에 종사했다. 그는 평안도와 황해도에서 천도교와 천도교청우당의 중간 간부로 활동하다 1951년 1·4후퇴 때 월남했다.

표씨가 동학 역사에 빠져들게 된 것은 1977년 교단 기관지인 ‘신인간(新人間)’ 주간을 맡으면서부터이다. “잡지 연재를 위해 수운과 해월의 관련 사적지를 탐방하다 보니 뜻밖에도 교전(敎典)과 교단사에 나오는 지명·인명조차 제대로 아는 사람이 별로 없더라고요. 해월 신사가 입도(入道)한 ‘검곡’이 어디인지조차 정확하지가 않아요. 결국 여러 차례 현지를 답사한 끝에 ‘영일군 신광면 마북동 검곡’이라는 사실을 밝혀낼 수 있었습니다.”


구름 속에 가려 있던 교단의 초기 역사가 하나씩 밝혀지는 데 흥미를 느낀 표씨는 교육과 포교를 담당하는 상주선도사로 자리를 옮긴 후에도 교조신원 운동, 동학농민운동 등으로 범위를 넓혀가며 탐방을 계속 했다.

올해 안으로 완간 예정인 ‘동학’은 수운 최제우의 탄생(1824년)부터 천도교의 정부개혁운동인 ‘갑진개혁운동’(1904년)까지 80년의 역사를 다룬다. 수운의 창도(創道) 과정이 제1권에 담겼고, 이어 해월이 펼친 제도화·사회화 과정과 교조신원운동이 제2권에, 동학혁명운동과 그 패배 이후의 재기 과정·갑진개혁운동이 각각 제3권에 수록된다. 이 책의 특징은 종교와 사회운동으로서 동학의 양면을 조화시키고 있는 점이다.

19세기 후반~20세기 전반 우리 사회에 큰 영향을 미쳤던 동학은 최근 종교로서는 쇠퇴하는 대신 ‘사상’으로서 다시 주목받고 있다. 21세기에 동학이 지니는 의미는 무엇일까? 표영삼씨는 “사유 체계와 용어가 우리 민족의 창조적 삶 속에서 나온 동학은 물질 위주의 서양 문명에서 벗어나 인간 존엄의 새 문명을 꿈꾸는 한국인에게 정신적 자산을 제공해 준다”고 말했다.

2021/05/02

Beyond Meat - Wikipedia

Beyond Meat - Wikipedia



Beyond Meat
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


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Beyond Meat, Inc.
Type Public

Traded as

Nasdaq: BYND
Russell 1000 component
Industry Food
Founded 2009; 12 years ago
Founder Ethan Brown
Headquarters El Segundo, California, U.S.
Revenue $406.8 million (2020)[1]

Number of employees 472 (December 31, 2019)[2]
Website beyondmeat.com


Beyond Meat is a Los Angeles-based producer of plant-based meat substitutes founded in 2009 by Ethan Brown. The company's initial products were launched in the United States in 2012.[3][4][5][6] The company has products designed to emulate beef, meatballs, ground meat, and pork sausage links and patties.

A Beyond Meat burger


Contents
1History
1.1Finances
2Joint ventures
3Products
3.1Chicken strips
3.2Beyond Burger
3.2.1Ingredients
3.3Beyond Sausage
3.4Beyond Meatballs
4See also
5References
6External links
History

The company was founded by Ethan Brown in 2009.[7] Brown initially contacted two University of Missouri professors, Fu-hung Hsieh and Harold Huff, who had already been refining their meatless protein for years.[7][8] Beyond Meat’s first product, "Chicken-Free Strips," was released to limited locations in 2012.[7][9][10]

The company began selling its plant-based chicken products in Whole Foods supermarkets across the US in April 2013.[7][10][11] In 2014, it developed a simulated beef product.

The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals named Beyond Meat as its company of the year for 2013.[12][13] In 2014, Beyond Meat expanded its presence from 1,500 to 6,000 stores across the US.[14]

Walmart started selling Beyond Meat products in 2015.[15]

In June 2018, Beyond Meat opened its second production facility in Columbia, Missouri, resulting in a three-fold increase of the company's manufacturing space.[16] The company claimed to have 27,000 different points of distribution for their products in the United States,[17] and was rolling out their products to fifty international markets, partnering with Tesco in the UK and Tim Hortons[18] and A&W in Canada.[19] The same month, they opened a 26,000-square foot R&D lab in El Segundo, California housing nearly 100 employees.[20][21] In 2020-1, the company is opening a production facility in Shanghai.[22]

In March 2019, a civil suit was filed against Beyond Meat by its former business partner and supplier, Don Lee Farms. This was prompted by Beyond Meat's switch to different suppliers, who they then shared details with, about the manufacturing process.[23] Don Lee Farms alleged breach of contract, and further alleged that they had expressed "significant concerns" about food safety protocols for raw materials produced at Beyond Meat's facility which were then given to Don Lee Farms for further processing.[24]

In July 2019, Dunkin' Donuts announced that they would begin selling breakfast sandwiches using the Meatless Sausage product in Manhattan, with plans for national distribution beginning on November 6, 2019.[25][26]

In 2020, Beyond Meat launched an e-commerce site to sell products directly to consumers.[27]
Finances

Over the years 2013-16, the company received venture funding from GreatPoint Ventures, Kleiner Perkins, Obvious Corporation, Bill Gates, Biz Stone, the Humane Society[28][29] and Tyson Foods.[30] Tyson Foods purchased a 5% stake in Beyond Meat in October 2016,[31] but sold its 6.5% stake and exited the investment in April 2019, ahead of the company's initial public offering.[32] By 2018, Beyond Meat had raised US$72 million in venture financing.[7]

As of July 2019, Beyond Meat had a market value of US$11.7 billion,[33] following a value of $3.8 billion on the day of its IPO on 2 May 2019.[34] Beyond Meat trades on the United States NASDAQ exchange under the symbol BYND.[33] In November 2020, Beyond Meat announced sales had only grown by 2% year-on-year compared to an expected increase of 40%. The poor results were blamed on the COVID-19 pandemic reducing foodservice sales.[35]
Joint ventures

In November 2020, Beyond Meat announced a collaboration with McDonald's for development of the McPlant option, a plant-based patty and chicken substitute.[36] It started testing the McPlant in Denmark and Sweden in February 2021.[37] Beyond Meat also announced the launch in China of a plant-based version of minced pork.[38]

In January 2021, Taco Bell announced a collaboration with Beyond Meat, initially as a test and then as a permanent option for a new plant-based protein food.[39]

Also in January 2021, Beyond Meat and PepsiCo announced a joint venture, called The PLANeT Partnership, to develop and market plant-based snacks and drinks.[40]

In February 2021, Beyond Meat started a partnership with McDonald's and Yum Brands. These deals will bring new choices to the food menu, such as the McPlant Burger and the plant-protein based pizza toppings, chicken alternatives and possibly taco fillings for Yum Brands' restaurants KFC, Taco Bell and Pizza Hut.[41]

Beyond Meat burger serving


Beyond Sausage, raw (above) and cooked (below)
Products
Chicken strips

The company's first product launched in 2012 was designed to emulate chicken and sold frozen. The product was licensed from Harold Huff and Fu-Hung Hsieh at the University of Missouri.[42] They were made from "soy powder, gluten-free flour, carrot fiber and other ingredients" which were mixed and fed into a food extrusion machine that cooks the mixture while forcing it through a specially designed mechanism that uses steam, pressure, and cold water to form the product's chicken-like texture.[11][42] Although praised by some celebrities, journalists who tasted it said the "likeness to real chicken was tolerable, at best", and the chicken product was discontinued in 2019.[42]
Beyond Burger

The company announced in 2014 that it had begun development of a new product emulating a beef burger, which was released in February 2015.[43][44][4]
Ingredients

The burgers are made from pea protein isolates, rice protein, mung bean protein, canola oil, coconut oil, potato starch, apple extract, sunflower lecithin, and pomegranate powder.[45] Beef products that "bleed" are achieved by using red beet juice.[46] The products are certified as not containing genetically modified ingredients.[47] The number of ingredients and processes involved in making the products are classified as ultra-processed foods in the NOVA food classification scheme, indicating that more than five ingredients are used during manufacturing.[48]

One burger patty contains 1,100 kilojoules (270 kilocalories) of food energy, twenty grams of protein, twenty grams of fat (of which five grams is saturated fat) and one gram of salt. The protein and fat content are similar to a beef patty of a similar weight, but the salt content is "much higher".[48] Nutrition of the burger varies according to the restaurant chain in which it is served.[49]
Beyond Sausage

In December 2017, the company announced a vegan alternative to pork sausage called "Beyond Sausage".[50] The three varieties of "sausage" were called Bratwurst, Hot Italian, and Sweet Italian.[51]
Beyond Meatballs

"Beyond Meatballs," a plant-based alternative to traditional meatballs, were first introduced at Subway in 2019 through the Beyond Meatball Marinara sub.[52] In September 2020, Beyond Meat announced the rollout of Beyond Meatballs at select grocery stores across the U.S.[53]
See also

Companies portal
Food portal
List of meat substitutes
References

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External links
Business data for Beyond Meat:

Google Finance
Yahoo! Finance
Bloomberg
Reuters
SEC filings
Nasdaq
Beyond Meat website
Media related to Beyond Meat at Wikimedia Commons
Categories:
Companies based in El Segundo, California
Food and drink companies based in California
Food and drink companies of the United States
American companies established in 2009
Food and drink companies established in 2009
2009 establishments in California
Meat substitutes
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2019 initial public offerings