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간디 날마다 한생각-마음을 씻는 생각 > 번역물 | 바보새함석헌
사람의 아들-옮긴이의 말 > 번역물 | 바보새함석헌
예언자- 머리말 > 번역물 | 바보새함석헌
[낡은책] 한국과 그 이웃나라들(이사벨라 버드비숍, 이인화 역, 살림, 1994, 603쪽)
[곽병찬의 향원익청] 연해주의 별, 최재형
IsabellaBishop on Tong-hak in
Korea and her neighbors; a narrative of travel, with an account of the recent vicissitudes and present position of the country
by Bird, Isabella L. (Isabella Lucy), 1831-1904
Publication date 1898-
===
이사벨라 버드 비숍 `한국과 그 이웃 나라들` 서평
목차
한국과 그 이웃 나라들 1
한국과 그 이웃 나라들 2
본문내용
비숍은 제3자의 입장이었기 때문에 더욱 동학농민혁명운동에 대해서 객관적으로 묘사했다고 생각을 한다. 이런 사실들로 보아 그 동안 우리들이 알고 있었던 동학혁명운동이 잘못되었다는 것을 알게되었다. 우리들은 그 운동이 자랑스러운 아래로부터의 개혁운동이라고 알려져 있기는 했지만 매우 난폭하고 정부를 엎기 위한 운동이라고 생각을 하고 있었다. 즉 새로운 세계를 건설하기 위한 혁명이라고 생각을 했는데 왕에 대한 충성심은 유지한 채 지방관들의 부패를 근절시키기 위한 운동이었다는 점은 내게 새로운 사실을 알려주었다. 또한 이들의 선언문은 그들의 이익을 전혀 표방하지도 않았으며 외국인들에 대한 적개심도 없었다고 했다
==========================
Page -43-
On visiting them a year later I found them still well and happy. The excitement among the Koreans consequent on the Tong-hak rebellion and the war had left them unmolested. A Japanese regiment had encamped close to them, and, by permission, had drawn water from the well in their compound, and had shown them nothing but courtesy. Having in two years gained general confidence and good-will, they built a small bungalow just above the old native house, which has been turned into a very primitive orphanage.
Page -104-
no newspapers. The Tong-haks (rebels, or armed reformers) were strong in a region immediately to the south of the great bend, which showed some dissatisfaction with things as they were, and a desire for reform in some minds.
Page -205-
HAVING heard nothing at all of public events during my long inland journey, and only a few rumors of unlocalized collisions between the Tong-haks (rebels) and the Royal troops, the atmosphere of canards at Won-san was somewhat stimulating, though I had already been long enough in Korea not to attach much importance to the stories with which the air was thick. One day it was said that the Tong-haks had gained great successes and had taken Gatling guns from the Royal army, another that they had been crushed and their mysterious and ubiquitous leader beheaded, while the latest rumor before my departure was that they were marching in great force on Fusan. Judging from the proclamation which they circulated, and which, while stating that they rose against corrupt officials and traitorous advisers, professed unswerving loyalty to the throne, it seemed credible that, if there were a throb of patriotism anywhere in Korea, it was in the breasts of these peasants. Their risings appeared to be free from excesses and useless bloodshed, and they confined themselves to the attempt to carry out their programme of reform. Some foreign sympathy was bestowed upon them, because it was thought that the iniquities of misrule could go no further, and that the time was ripe for an armed protest on a larger scale than the ordinary peasant risings against intolerable exactions. But at the very moment when these matters were being discussed in Won-san with not more than a languid interest, a formidable menace to the established order of things was taking shape, destined in a few days to cast the Tong-haks into
Page -207-
The rebellion in southern Korea was exciting much alarm in the capital. Such movements, though on a smaller scale, are annual spring events in the peninsula, when in one or other of the provinces the peasantry, driven to exasperation by official extortions, rise, and, with more or less violence (occasionally, fatal), drive out the off'ending mandarin. Punishment rarely ensues. The King sends a new official, who squeezes and extorts in his turn with more or less vigor, until, if he also passes bearable limits, he is forcibly expelled, and things settle down once more. This Tong-hak (*'Oriental " or ''National") movement, though lost sight of in presence of more important issues, was of greater moment, as being organized on a broader basis, so as to include a great number of adherents in Seoul and the other cities, and with such definite and reasonable objects that at first I was inclined to call its leaders " armed reformers " rather than '* rebels." At that time there was no question as to the Royal authority.
Page -208-
The Tong-hak proclamation began by declaring in respectful language loyal allegiance to the King, and went on to state the grievances in very moderate terms. The Tong-haks asserted, and with undoubted truth, that officials in Korea, for their own purposes, closed the eyes and ears of the King to all news and reports of the wrongs inflicted on his people. That ministers of State, governors, and magistrates were all indifferent to the welfare of their country, and were bent only on enriching themselves, and that there were no checks on their rapacity. That examinations (the only avenues to official life) were nothing more than scenes of bribery, barter, and sale, and were no longer tests of fitness for civil appointment. That officials cared not for the debt into which the country was fast sinking. That " they were proud, vainglorious, adulterous, avaricious." That many officials receiving appointments in the country lived in Seoul. That " they flatter and fawn in peace, and desert and betray in times of trouble."
Page -209-
But the events of the two or three days before I landed at Chemulpo threw the local disturbance into the shade, and it is only with the object of showing with what an excellent pretext for interference the Tong-haks had furnished the Japanese, that I recall this petty chapter of what is now ancient history.
Page -236-
The Tong-haks, as was mentioned in chapter xiii., had on several occasions defeated the Royal Korean troops, and after much hesitation the Korean King invoked the help of China. China replied promptly by giving Japan notice of her intention to send troops to Korea on 7th June, 1894, both countries, under the treaty of Tientsin, having equal rights to do so under such circumstances as had then arisen. On the same day Japan announced to China a similar intention. The Chinese General, Yi, landed at A-san with 3,000 men, and the Japanese occupied Chemulpo and Seoul in force.
Page -308-
The Tong-haks, who had respectfully thrown off allegiance to the King on the ground that he was in the hands of foreigners, and had appointed another sovereign, had been vanquished early in January, and their king's head had been sent to Seoul by a loyal governor. There I saw it in the busiest part of the Peking Road, a bustling market outside the *' little West Gate," hanging from a rude arrangement of three sticks like a camp-kettle stand, with another head below it. Both faces wore a calm, almost dignified, expression. Not far off two more heads had been exposed in a similar frame, but it had given way, and they lay in the dust of the roadway, much gnawed by dogs at the back. The last agony was stiffened on their features. A turnip lay beside them, and some small children cut pieces from it and presented them mockingly to the blackened mouths. This brutalizing spectacle had existed for a week.
Page -548-
333, 345Tol Maru, 302. Tomak-na-dali, 85. Tombs, 77. Tong-haks, the, 29, 80, 177, 180,
Page -548-
181, 206, 264, 370. Tong-ku, 131. Top-knot, the, 359, 360, 361,
264 Korea and Her Neighbors
to which the sovereign was exposed. The forcing of former conspirators into high office was a grave error, and tactless proceedings, such as the abolition of long pipes, alterations in Court and other dress, many interferences with social customs, and petty and harassing restrictions and regulations, embit- tered the people against the new regime.
The Tong-haks, who had respectfully thrown off allegiance to the King on the ground that he was in the hands of for- eigners, and had appointed another sovereign, had been van- quished early in January, and their king's head had been sent to Seoul by a loyal governor. There I saw it in the busiest part of the Peking Road, a bustling market outside the *' little West Gate," hanging from a rude arrangement of three sticks like a camp-kettle stand, with another head below it. Both faces wore a calm, almost dignified, expression. Not far off two more heads had been exposed in a similar frame, but it had given way, and they lay in the dust of the roadway, much gnawed by dogs at the back. The last agony was stiffened on their features. A turnip lay beside them, and some small chil- dren cut pieces from it and presented them mockingly to the blackened mouths. This brutalizing spectacle had existed for a week.
Three days later, in the stillness of the Korean New Year's Day, I rode with a friend along a lonely road passing through a fair agricultural valley among pine-clothed knolls outside the South and East Gates of Seoul. Snow lay on the ground and the grim sky threatened a further storm. It was cold, and we observed with surprise three coolies in summer cotton clothing lying by the roadside asleep; but it was the last sleep, for on approaching them we found that, though their attitudes were those of easy repose, the bodies were without heads, nor had the headsman's axe been merciful or sharp. In the middle of the road were great, frozen, crimson splashes where the Tong- hak leaders had expiated their treason, criminals in Korea, as in old Jerusalem, suffering "without the gate."
A Transition Stage 265
A few days later an order appeared in the Gazette abolish- ing beheading and ''slicing to death," and substituting death by strangulation for civil, and by sliooting for military capital crimes. This order practically made an end of the prerogative of life and death heretofore possessed by the Korean sovereigns.
So the '' old order " was daily changing under the pressure of the Japanese advisers, and on the whole changing most de- cidedly for the better, though, owing to the number of reforms decreed and in contemplation, everything was in a tentative and chaotic state. Korea was " swithering " between China and Japan, afraid to go in heartily for the reforms initiated by Japan lest China should regain position and be ''down" upon her, and afraid to oppose them actively lest Japan should be permanently successful.
On that same New Year's Day there was more to be seen than headless trunks. Through the length of Seoul, towards twilight, an odor of burning hair overpowered the aromatic scent of the pine brush, and all down every street, outside every door, there were red glimmers of light. It is the custom in every family on that day to carry out the carefully preserved clippings and combings of the family hair and burn them in potsherds, a practice which it is hoped will prevent the entrance of certain daemons into the house during the year. Rude straw dolls stuffed with a few cash were also thrown into the street. This effigy is believed to take away troubles and foist them on whoever picks it up. To prevent such a vicarious calamity, more than one mother on that evening pounced upon a child who childlike had picked up the doll and threw it far from him.
On that night round pieces of red or white paper placed in cleft sticks are put upon the roofs of houses, and those persons who have been warned by the sorcerers of troubles to cdtne, pray (?) to the moon to remove them.
A common Korean custom on the same day is for people to paint images on paper, and to write against them their troubles
-----------------------
-----------------------------
texts
Korea and her neighbors; a narrative of travel, with an account of the recent vicissitudes and present position of the country
by Bird, Isabella L. (Isabella Lucy), 1831-1904
Publication date 1898-
Korea and her neighbors; a narrative of travel
by bird, isabella l. (isabella lucy), 1831-1904
texts
김용옥 유튜브 동학
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선생님,
선생님의 동학선언문 감동으로 들었습니다. 150년전에 이미 진정한 삶의 혁명을 우리가 마련했다는 것을 비로소 알게되었습니다.
우리 민족이 나아갈 바를 동학을 통해 이뤄낼 수 있다는 확신을 심어주었습니다.
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~ 못다 한 꿈을 문명의 시대 살아가고 있는 지금의 우리가 이루어야 할 것입니다. ~ 이루어 ~ 어려움과 고통으로 살아가셔야만 하셨던 분들의 영전에 우러러 위로를 드려야 할 것입니다. 그 시대를 떠올리면 가슴이 미여지고 안타까움에 가슴이 먹먹해짐니다. ~ 이제는 촛불이 아닌 횃불을 밝혀야 할 것 같습니다. ~ 정치가 달라진 것도 없고 의식과 사고도 깨어나지 못하고 붕당의 모리배 정치에 빠져 있어~ 진정성 없는 입술로 국민을 현혹하며 우롱하며… See more
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[KBS전주] 동학과 어린이 - 녹두꽃에 피어난 촛불 핵심정리 | 동학농민혁명 국가기념일 제정 도올 김용옥 선생 특별강연#도올 #김용옥 #선생 #특별 #강연 #동학농민혁명 #국가기념일 #제정 #정읍 #전주 #KBS #녹두꽃 #강의 KBS전주총국...
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~ 녹두 꽃에 피어난 촛불이지만 촛불의 열망에 답하는 정치는 찾아 볼 수가 없으니 ~ 어찌해야만 하오리까? ~ 이제는 촛불이 아닌 횃불을 밝혀야 할 것 같습니다. ~ 정치가 달라진 것도 없고 의식과 사고도 깨어나지 못하고 붕당의 모리배 정치에 빠져 있어~ 진정성 없는 입술로 국민을 현혹하며 우롱하며 기만 하기에 안간힘을 다 쓰고 있을 뿐 기대 할만한 것은 아무 것도 보이지 않고 있으니 우리의 미래가 참으로 우려스럽습니다. ~정치권의 말마다 … See more
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~ 침략으로 남의 나라를 많이 빼앗는 싸움 잘하는 사람이 영웅호걸로 일컬어지던 ~ 과거에는 대부분의 나라들이 그리하였었습니다만은 ~ 특히 중국은 ~ 전챙으로 사람이 죽는 것은 당연시하는 살인마의 기질을 가진 국가라고 볼 수가 있을 것입니다. 전쟁에서 의 사람을 죽이는 것은 아무런 죄 의식을 갖지 않았던 시대의 의식과 사고가 지금까지도 남아 있어 문명의 시대에도 전쟁 무기 개발에 혈안이 되어 있는 이러한 나라들은 악마의 피가 지금까지도 이어지고 있… See more
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#동학 #동학혁명 #어린이날
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~ 선생님의 말씀이 하늘의 말씀입니다. ~ 붕당의 모리배 정치 이제는 때려 치우고 ~ 문명 시대에 ~ 문명 정치로 나가야만 할 때가 아니겠습니까? ~ 지금의 정치 풍토로는 앞으로 천만 년이 지난다 해도 ~ 국민의 고혈만 흡취 하는 정치 밖에 되지 못하는 정치 제도인 것입니다. ~ 지금의 ~ 정치 풍토를 360도로 확 바꿔 ~ 국론과 국력을 모아 온 국민들께서 정치를 하시는 범국민통합정치문화로 나가야만 보다 안정과 지속 가능 발전으로 나가며 우… See more
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[도올김용옥] 노자 104 초대교회의 최대 사기는 '대속', 내 죄를 왜 딴 사람이? - 나라의 주인이 될려면 그 나라의 모든 죄를 받아들여야 한다
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[도올김용옥] 노자 104 초대교회의 최대 사기는 '대속', 내 죄를 왜 딴 사람이? - 나라의 주인이 될려면 그 나라의 모든 죄를 받아들여야 한다
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