2021/05/31
Bruce Lee’s philosophy is fundamentally Taoist and Libertarian in nature (part 1) — Steemit
Bruce Lee’s philosophy is fundamentally Taoist and Libertarian in nature (part 1)
chhaylin (65)in #philosophy • 5 years ago (edited)
Art Courtesy: kse332
Bruce Lee has always been my idol since I was 3 or 4 years old, living in a Cambodian refugee camp on the border with Thailand.
I remember that a movie of Bruce Lee was once displayed in one of those typical wooden facilities that were built throughout the camp. This facility had a hole through which I could slide in and enjoy one of Bruce Lee’s movies. I don’t remember which movie it was, but to this day I still remember the excitement of the public and the energy Bruce Lee gave to all of us spectators.
As a young child, I fantasized about his powers: Who was stronger? Bruce Lee, Robocop or Terminator? To compare him with Robocop and Terminator is a sign that I have attributed to him superhuman powers.
In this post, I would like to write about Bruce Lee’s philosophy and its connection with Taoism, which would indirectly make his philosophy contain libertarian elements. If you would like to read more about the connection between Taoism (Yin/Yang philosophy) and Libertarianism, please see this post of mine.
In what way is Bruce Lee’s philosophy Taoist? As my analysis is quite long, I will divide in into 2 or 3 separate posts. In this part, I would like to discuss two of five attributes that I have identified in Bruce Lee’s martial arts philosophy that is fundamentally Taoist:
Jeet Kune Do's symbol. Jeet Kune Do is the martial arts that Bruce Lee had founded. As you can see, it revolves around the Taoist Yin/Yang. The Chinese characters indicate: "Using no way as way" and "Having no limitation as limitation".
1. Be one with the Tao; be formless like water, and be pliable
Bruce Lee believed that the person who is trained within a particular martial arts style and who clings to it indefinitely or a person who is only trained within a particular philosophical doctrine becomes self-delusional. He thought that the person who is incapable of exceeding his style or doctrine is stiff and narrow-minded. His narrow-mindedness makes him blind to observe objectively and to see the truth. He is what Bruce Lee calls, ‘the traditional man’. Bruce Lee wrote:
One can function freely and totally if he is ‘beyond system.’ The man who is really serious, with the urge to find out what truth is, has no style at all. He lives only in what is. (Bruce Lee, 1975, p. 17)
But in classical styles, system becomes more important than the man! The classical man functions with the pattern of a style! (Bruce Lee, 1975, p. 18)
How can there be methods and systems to arrive at something that is living? To that which is static, fixed, dead, there can be a way, a definite path, but not to that which is living. Do not reduce reality to a static thing and then invent methods to reach it. (Bruce Lee, 1975, p. 18)
Classical forms dull your creativity, condition and freeze your sense of freedom. You no longer ‘be,’ but merely ‘do,’ without sensitivity. (Bruce Lee, 1975, p. 19)
You cannot see a street fight in its totality, observing it from the viewpoint of a boxer, a kung-fu man, a karateka, a wrestler, a judo man and so forth. You can see clearly only when style does not interfere. You then see it without ‘like’ or ‘dislike;’ you simply see and what you see is the whole and not the partial. (Bruce Lee, 1975, p. 24)
He thought that committing himself to styles limits both his potential and his self-expression. This critique is however not only limited to martial arts. He extended this critique to Confucianism, a philosophy which he considered as too rigid, and too narrowly focused on set rules and traditions. According to Bruce Lee, man ceases being a human being and instead becomes a mechanical man, a product of mere tradition if he reveres and just follows rules and mannerisms. The philosophy that perfectly fits Bruce Lee’s vision of a self-expressive and ‘style-less’ martial arts is the epistemologically anarchistic Taoism. How can a person, according to Bruce Lee and Taoism, find his true potential and express himself honestly? The answer is to become formless, pliable, and forever adaptable just like the Tao is formless, pliable, and forever in flux.
The Tao Te Ching, the founding book of Taoism written by the Chinese philosopher Lao Tze, states the following beautiful metaphor of life (flexibility and softness) and death (rigidity and hardness):
A man is born gentle and weak.
At his death he is hard and stiff.
Green plants are tender and filled with sap.
At their death they are withered and dry.
Therefore the stiff and unbending is the disciple of death.
The gentle and yielding is the disciple of life.
Thus an army without flexibility never wins a battle.
A tree that is unbending is easily broken.
The hard and strong will fall.
The soft and weak will overcome. (Tao Te Ching, Chapter 76)
Both Lao Tze and Bruce Lee took water as the ultimate metaphor for that which is flexible and soft. Bruce Lee maintains that in order to fulfil your true potential and express yourself honestly you should become like water, formless. To be like water means to be an objective observant, relaxed and to be flowing with life – to be one with the Tao. In the Tao Te Ching one can find the following lines:
Under heaven nothing is more soft and yielding than water.
Yet for attacking the solid and strong, nothing is better;
It has no equal.
The weak can overcome the strong;
The supple can overcome the stiff. (Tao Te Ching, Chapter 78)
There is a story about Bruce Lee’s discovery of what it means to be like water and to be united with the Tao. I am not sure about the authenticity of the story, but I will share it nonetheless as it helps to illustrate the significance of being formless in combat or in life:
Bruce, at the age of seventeen, had been training in gung fu for four years with Sifu Yip Man, yet had reached an impasse. When engaged in sparring Bruce found that his body would become tense, his mind perturbed. Such instability worked against his goal of efficiency in combat.
Sifu Yip Man sensed his trouble, and approached him. ‘Lee,’ he said, ‘relax and calm your mind. Forget about yourself and follow the opponent’s movements. Let your mind, the basic reality, do the counter-movement without any interfering deliberation. Above all, learn the art of detachment.’
Bruce Lee believed he had the answer to his problem. He must relax! Yet there was a paradox: the effort in trying to relax was inconsistent with the effortlessness in relaxing, and Bruce found himself back in the same situation.
Again Sifu Yip Man came to Bruce and said, ‘Lee, preserve yourself by following the natural bends of things and don’t interfere. Remember never to assert yourself: never be in frontal opposition to any problem, but control it by swinging with it.’
Sifu Yip Man told Bruce to go home for a week and think about his words. Bruce spent many hours in meditation and practice, with nothing coming of it. Finally, Bruce decided to go sailing in a junk (boat). Bruce would have a great epiphany. ‘On the sea, I thought of all my past training and got mad at myself and punched the water. Right then at that moment, a thought suddenly struck me. Wasn’t this water the essence of gung fu? I struck it, but it did not suffer hurt. I then tried to grasp a handful of it but it was impossible. This water, the softest substance, could fit into any container. Although it seemed weak, it could penetrate the hardest substance. That was it! I wanted to be like the nature of water.
Therefore in order to control myself I must accept myself by going with, and not against, my nature. I lay on the boat and felt that I had united with Tao; I had become one with nature.[1]
Bruce Lee emphasized the importance of ‘a style of no style’ that he later would regret the name Jeet Kune Do as a name implies limitations or specific parameters. Bruce Lee wanted it to resemble the Tao, nameless and of almost supernatural power.
Chapter one of the Tao Te Ching states:
The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao.
The name that can be named is not the eternal name. (Tao Te Ching, Chapter 1)
See this video in which Bruce Lee asserts that we should be like water:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJMwBwFj5nQ
2. Break rules and conventions and have no way as your way
Jeet Kune Do does not limit itself to styles. It takes from other styles what is useful, discards what is useless, and add what is uniquely our own. The slogan of the Jeet Kune Do logo reads two things: (a) take no way as your way, and (b) take no limitation as your limitation. As styles, rules, conventions, mannerisms limit us we should break them and go beyond them. Jeet Kune Do is therefore iconoclastic. Bruce Lee wrote:
Jeet Kune Do favors formlessness so that it can assume all forms and since Jeet Kune Do has no style, it can fit in with all styles. As a result, Jeet Kune Do utilizes all ways and is bound by none and, likewise, uses any techniques or means which serve its end. (Bruce Lee, 1975, p. 12)
What are the characteristics of a martial arts with no style? According to Bruce Lee, it becomes open-minded, non-traditional, simple, direct, and effective. Bruce Lee contended that: Jeet Kune Do does not beat around the bush. It does not take winding detours. It follows a straight line to the objective. Simplicity is the shortest distance between two points. (Bruce Lee, 1975, p. 12)
In Enter the Dragon, there is a scene in which an ostentatious man asks Bruce Lee what his style is. Bruce Lee answers: “You can call it the art of fighting without fighting”. Being challenged by the man to show this style, Bruce Lee cunningly proposes to take a boat to a nearby island where they can fight. When the man set foot on the boat, Bruce Lee let the boat drift away and pulls it on a line. The essence of the story is that
(a) one should not be pretentious as that is not honest self-expression, and
(b) a fight should be won in the most direct and easiest manner, preferably without the use of violence.[2]
You can find the videoclip here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_Ycw0d_Uow
I hope that you have enjoyed the reading. I know that this is already quite a lot of text. I will follow-up with another post in which I identify three other characteristics of Bruce Lee’s philosophy and relate them to Taoism and Libertarianism.
Footnotes
[1] From http://www.becoming.8m.net/bruce02.htm
[2] The scene is actually based on an old Japanese Samurai folk tale. The tale goes as follows:
“While travelling on a ferry, a young samurai began bullying and intimidating some of the other passengers, boasting of his fighting prowess and claiming to be the best in the country with a samurai sword. When the young warrior noticed how unmoved [Tsukahara] Bokuden [a legendary Japanese swordsman] was, he was enraged and not knowing who he was dealing with challenged the old master to a duel. Bokuden told him; ‘My art is different from yours. It consists not so much in defeating others but in not being defeated.’ He continued to inform him that his school was called The Mutekatsu Ryu meaning ‘to defeat an enemy without hands’. The young samurai saw this as cowardice and demanded satisfaction so he told the boats-man to stop at an island so they could do battle there. However when he jumped into the shallow waters to make his way to the fight venue, Bokuden got hold of the boats-man’s pole and proceeded back to deeper waters minus a now irate young samurai. The wise old master laughed and shouted to his would be adversary; ‘Here is my no sword school!’” (See, http://www.historyoffighting.com/tsukahara-bokuden.php)
Bibliography
History Of Fighting. Retrieved fromhttp://www.historyoffighting.com/tsukahara-bokuden.php
Lao Tze. Tao Te Ching. Retrieved fromhttp://www.schrades.com/tao/taotext.cfm?TaoID=1
Lee, B. (1975). Tao Of Jeet Kune Do. Santa Clarita: Ohara Publications.
Little, J. (1998). Bruce Lee: The Art Of Expressing The Human Body. North Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing.
#bruce-lee#taoism#libertarianism#martial-arts#jeetkunedo
5 years ago in #philosophy by chhaylin (65)
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[-]hmfoucault (53) 5 years ago
Great post! This may be one of the only articles I have read that I truly enjoyed. Much of the content is crypto/news/governing or a backlash against the trending bloggers. It is so refreshing to read something really worthy of the upvote. Ever read One Robe, One Bowl?
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[-]chhaylin (65) 5 years ago
Thank you for your nice comment! I appreciate it very much. I am not familiar with One Robe, One Bowl so I looked up some information about it. It looks very interesting. I will see if I can get a copy of it somewhere this weekend. :)
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[-]jholmes91 (56) 5 years ago
Amazing insights. This is a great piece on his philosophy! I really found informative. I am planning on doing a blog on Bruce Lee's philosophy, I'll share it when I've written it.
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[-]chhaylin (65) 5 years ago
Yes, you should share it! Too bad there is no messenger yet at Steemit. Maybe you can tag me once you post it. I look forward to read it. :D
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[-]jholmes91 (56) 5 years ago
OK great :)
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[-]chhaylin (65) 5 years ago
Great, I will take a look at it :) Thanks for sharing.
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[-]jholmes91 (56) 5 years ago
for now I have some on chakras and more ancient philosophy... https://steemit.com/philosophy/@jholmes91/a-guide-to-chakra-s-part-2-svadhisthana-or-dwelling-place-of-the-self
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[-]chhaylin (65) 5 years ago (edited)
Part two has been published: https://steemit.com/philosophy/@chhaylin/the-philosophy-of-bruce-lee-part-2
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[-]jokerpravis (63) 5 years ago
Awesome. I wrote of Lee and his relation to Krishnamurti, and I thought it would be obscure for this platform. I see now there are people interested in the subject. I have a lot of insight I suspect you and others here will appreciate. I'm starting to fell inspired, and I feel I might also grow from some of the writers around here. Interesting, haven't seen some of these subject elsewhere on Lee and K, Bohm etc.
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[-]chhaylin (65) 5 years ago
Hi @jokerpravis, I just read your article on Bruce Lee & Krishnamurti. It was an amazing read. Such original articles are very much welcomed in our Steemit community. Btw, I have started following you. I hope to have the opportunity to read more gems created by you :)
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[-]ikigai (66) 5 years ago
Great analysis! Looking forward to your future ones.
The greatest victory, is the battle not fought.
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[-]chhaylin (65) 5 years ago
Thank you! :) The quote is very typical Bruce Lee.
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[-]ikigai (66) 5 years ago
Indeed. I feel like Sun Tzu's Art of War also goes well with his philosophy.
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[-]jholmes91 (56) 5 years ago
Totally agree, his tactics were similar to the style of no style.
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제도 종교의 시대 막 내렸다…이젠 종교에서 영성으로 - 중앙일보
[백성호의 현문우답]
서구의 교회당 갈수록 텅텅 비어
사람들이 외면하는 건 제도종교
예수와 붓다는 영성에 무게 중심
생각하는 신자라야 종교가 살아“
지난달 23일 강화도에 있는 심도학사(尋道學舍)를 찾았다. 길희성(77) 서강대 종교학과 명예교수가 사재를 털어 지은 곳이다. 고전과 경전을 공부하며 ‘삶의 길(道)’을 찾는 곳이다. 길 교수는 서울대 철학과를 졸업한 뒤 예일대 신학부에서 석사, 하버드대 대학원에서 비교종교학으로 박사 학위를 받았다. 이후 미국 세인트올라프 대학 종교학과 교수, 서울대 철학과 교수, 서강대 종교학과 교수를 역임했다. 그에게 ‘종교와 영성’을 물었다.
길희성 명예교수는 "종교는 제도화할 수 있어도, 영성은 제도화할 수가 없다"고 말했다. 김상선 기자
“종교에서 영성으로” 가야 한다고 했다.
“지금 서구 사회의 종교를 보라. 유럽의 교회당이 박물관이나 음악당처럼 되어버렸고, 심지어 나이트클럽에 팔린 곳도 있다. 미사와 예배를 볼 때는 교회 안이 텅텅 빈다. 왜 그렇겠나. 사람들이 제도화된 종교를 외면하기 때문이다.”
그들이 외면하는 종교란 어떤 건가.
“종교는 본래 제도나 조직을 위해 생겨난 게 아니다. 사람들의 목마름, 사람들의 근원적인 갈망을 채워주기 위해서 생겨났다. 그게 영성이다. 예수도 그랬고, 붓다도 그랬다. 영성을 중심에 두었다. 그런데 언제부터인가 종교에서 ‘영성’이 빠져버렸다. 그 자리를 종교의 제도와 조직이 대신했다. 독일 철학자 니체는 ‘진정한 기독교인은 아무도 없다. 예수밖에 없다’며 이를 비판했다.”
길희성 교수는 “그러니 사람들이 종교를 외면하는 건 당연하지 않겠나. 서구는 벌써부터 ‘탈근대ㆍ탈종교의 시대’를 살고 있다”며 “역사의 뒤편으로 이미 넘어간 ‘제도 종교의 시대’가 이상하게 한국에서만 ‘성업’ 중이다”라고 지적했다.
길희성 명예교수는 사재를 털어서 만든 심도학사를 일반인을 위한 수도공동체로 만드는 방안도 검토하고 있다. 김상선 기자
한국에서 성업 중인 특별한 이유가 있나.
“나는 그게 ‘기복주의 신앙’ 때문이라고 본다. 기독교도, 불교도 모두 복을 달라고 빌지 않나. 복 자체가 나쁜 것은 아니다, 문제는 무엇을 복으로 생각하는가에 있다. 예수님과 부처님이 오늘날 그들의 이름으로 성업 중인 종교를 본다면 기가 막히지 않겠나. 예수는 마음이 가난한 사람들이 복이 있다고 했다. 요즘은 교회에서 누구도 ‘마음의 가난’을 이야기하지 않는다. 어찌 됐든 지구촌에서 제도 종교의 시대는 이미 막을 내렸다.”
그렇다면 첫 단추로 돌아가야 한다. 인간에게 왜 종교가 필요한가.
“이 물음에 심리학자이자 사상가였던 에리히 프롬은 ‘인간의 존재론적 불안’이라고 답했다. 나도 전적으로 공감한다. 동물들은 DNA(유전자)에 프로그램되어 있는 대로 산다. 동물은 인간처럼 고민하지 않는다. 우울증도 없다. 내가 강화도에서 살다 보니 집 주위에서 고라니를 종종 본다. 고라니는 우물쭈물하는 게 없다. 방황이라는 것을 모른다. 그냥 먹이를 좇아 산다. 그런 고라니를 한참 바라보고 있으면, 고민이 없으니 참 행복하겠다는 생각도 든다. 우리 인간은 다르니까. 인간은 항상 어디로 가야할지 헤매니까.”
강화도 내가면에 위치한 '심도학사'. 길희성 명예교수가 입구에 서 있다. 김상선 기자
강화도 내가면의 심도학사에서 내려다보면 왼쪽으로 고려저수지, 오른쪽으로 서해 바다가 보인다. 김상선 기자
인간은 왜 헤맬 수밖에 없나.
“자신이 죽는다는 걸 미리 알고 있기 때문이 아니겠나. 그게 동물과 인간의 큰 차이점이다. 죽는다는 사실을 미리 알면 어떻겠나. 가난한 사람은 가난한 대로 억울하고, 부자는 부자대로 억울한 거다. 그 많은 재산을 두고 가려니 얼마나 억울하겠나. 자신의 죽음을 아는 인간은 결국은 참된 행복에 대한 갈망을 품게 된다. 그것이 종교이고 영성이다. 인간의 존재론적 불안에 답하기 위함이다.”
길희성 교수는 “인간은 종교를 벗어나 살 수는 있지만, 영성 없이는 못 산다. 이 광대한 우주에서 내가 왜 여기 있나. 그 이유가 뭔가. 온갖 질문을 던지는 존재다. 이러한 물음의 답을 찾아가는 게 영성이다. 그래서 영성은 종교의 핵심이자 존재 이유다. 기복신앙은 세속적 복락을 추구한다. 세속적 복락은 결국 인간을 행복하게 하지 못한다”고 지적했다.
그럼 영성은 제도권 안에 있나, 밖에 있나.
“영성은 제도권 종교 내에 머물기도 하고, 초월하기도 하고, 종교와 비종교의 경계선을 허무는가 하면, 종교 간의 장벽도 뛰어넘을 수 있는 매우 유연하고 무정형적 성격을 갖고 있다. 그러니 종교는 명사가 아니라 형용사가 되어야 한다.”
길희성 명예교수가 서재에 꽂힌 장서를 가져와 종교와 영성에 대해 설명하고 있다. 김상선 기자
길희성 명예교수가 1980년대 미국에서 가져온 볼온 서적이라며 마르크스오 엥겔스으 저서를 보여주고 있다. 또 슈바이처 박사가 쓴 음악가 바흐에 대한 책도 소개했다. 길 교수는 "슈바이처는 세계적인 신약학자"라고 말했다. 김상선 기자
종교가 명사가 되면 어찌 되나.
“기독교는 예수만 하느님(하나님)의 아들이라고 한다. 나는 크리스천이다. 나는 예수만 그렇다는 배타적 생각은 받아들이지 않는다. 왜냐하면 예수 자신은 그런 배타성을 얘기하지 않았다. 복음서에서 예수는 분명히 ‘하늘 아버지의 뜻을 행하는 자는 내 형제 자매다’라고 했다. 그런데 교리화된 후세 기독교는 달리 말한다. ‘우리는 하느님의 양자는 될 수 있지만, 예수만 본성상 하느님의 아들이라고 한다. 그건 예수 이후에 만들어진 그리스도교의 가르침이다. 모든 인간을 품는 예수의 메시지를 후대의 기독교가 좁혀버린 것이다. 이런 게 종교가 명사가 될 때 벌어지는 일이다.”
그럼 종교가 형용사가 될 때는 어떤가.
“종교가 명사가 될 때는 딱딱 자른다. 내 편과 네 편을 가른다. 세례를 받았느냐, 교회에 나가느냐를 따진다. 그걸로 이쪽과 저쪽을 나눈다. 하지만 자비로운 불교 신자가 탐욕스런 목사보다 낫지 않나. 또 겸손하고 사랑을 베푸는 크리스천이 탐욕스런 주지 스님보다 낫지 않나. 종교가 형용사가 되면 달라진다. 명사가 될 때는 불가능한 많은 일이 형용사가 될 때는 가능해진다. 가령 예수를 닮은 불자, 부처를 닮은 크리스천도 얼마든지 가능하다. 얼마나 좋나.”
길희성 명예교수의 심도학사 서재에 종교 관련 책들이 꽂혀 있다. 책 사이사이에 영성과 명상의 수집품들이 올려져 있었다. 김상선 기자
길희성 명예교수는 "종교의 제도와 교리만 붙들게 된다면 자유와 초월, 평안과기쁨을 잃어버리게 될 것"이라고 말했다. 김상선 기자
마지막으로 길희성 교수는 ‘주체적 생각’에 대해서 짚었다. “1958년『사상계』에 함석헌 선생의 ‘생각하는 백성이라야 산다’는 권두언이 실린 걸 봤다. 그게 엄혹한 군사정권하에서 민주주의 운동의 시발탄이 됐다. 나는 그걸 패러디해서 이렇게 말하고 싶다. ‘생각하는 신자라야 종교가 산다.’ 이제는 종교에서 영성으로 넘어가야 한다. 제도 종교의 시대는 이미 저물었다.”
강화=백성호 종교전문기자 vangogh@joongang.co.kr
개신교 장례예배에서 반야심경 읊어
길희성 명예교수는 "종교가 명사가 아니라 형용사가 되면 많은 일들이 가능해진다"고 강조했다. 김상선 기자 수년 전이었다. 길희성 교수의 지인이 모친상을 당했다. 지인은 크리스천이었다. 장례 예배의 추모사를 길 교수에게 부탁했다. 그런데 고인은 불교 신자였다. 길 교수는 고민했다. ‘어떡해야 할까.’
궁리 끝에 한글로 된 ‘반야심경’을 미리 몇십 부 복사해서 가져갔다. 장례 예배에는 수십 명 교인이 참석했다. 모두 개신교 신자였다. 길 교수는 추모사에서 이렇게 말했다. “고인은 평소 사랑을 많이 베푸셨습니다. 반야심경에 등장하는 ‘공(空)’은 다름 아닌 사랑입니다.” 그리고 추모객들에게 한글 반야심경이 적힌 종이를 한 장씩 나누어주었다.
이윽고 길 교수가 ‘한글 반야심경’을 읊기 시작했다. “관자재보살이 깊은 반야바라밀다를 행할 때…” 추모객들도 모두 따라서 낭송했다. 길 교수는 “처음에는 걱정도 좀 했는데, 뒤로 갈수록 목청이 더 우렁차더라”고 말했다. 마지막 “아제아제 바라아제” 대목에서는 쩌렁쩌렁할 정도였다. 장례 예배가 끝난 뒤에 추모객들이 와서 말했다. “선생님, 덕분에 은혜 받았습니다. 감사합니다.” 다들 뜻 깊었다고 했다. 길 교수는 “종교가 형용사가 되면 이런 일도 가능하다”고 말했다.
백성호 종교전문기자
백성호의 현문우답, 다른 기사들
[백성호의 현문우답] 정양모 신부 "동정녀 탄생 예수, 옆구리 탄생 붓다의 공통점"
[백성호의 현문우답]스페인 독감 뚫고 솟은 원불교 "코로나 사태가 준 큰 깨달음"
[백성호의 현문우답] "기독인, 사도신경 오해 말라···부활이 육신소생 아닌 까닭"
[백성호의 현문우답] 선악과를 '성적 타락'으로 본다…이단 원조는 '신령파' 김성도
[출처: 중앙일보] 제도 종교의 시대 막 내렸다…이젠 종교에서 영성으로
우에노 치즈코 (1981 년)「여성학이란 무엇인가? "
The God Equation - Wikipedia
The God Equation
Author | Michio Kaku |
---|---|
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Genre | Popular science |
Publisher | Doubleday |
Publication date | April 6, 2021 |
Media type | Print (Hardcover) |
Pages | 240 |
ISBN | 978-0385542746 |
Preceded by | The Future of the Mind |
The God Equation: The Quest for a Theory of Everything is a popular science book by the futurist and physicist Michio Kaku. The book was initially published on April 6, 2021 by Doubleday.[1][2]
The book debuted at number six on The New York Times nonfiction best-seller list for the week ending April 10, 2021.[3]
Overview[edit]
Kaku explores the history of unification theories of Physics starting with Newton's law of universal gravitation which unified our experience of gravity on Earth and the motions of the celestial bodies to Einstein's general relativity and quantum mechanics and the Standard Model. Kaku dubs the final Grand Unified Theory of relativity and quantum gravity The God Equation with an 11-dimensional String theory as the only self-consistent theory that seems to fit the bill.
References[edit]
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