2019/02/08

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1] Ann Arbor Friends Meeting: Readings for Reflection
www.annarborfriends.org/reflection0903.shtml


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HOLDING SOMEONE IN THE LIGHT: WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
[Part Two] 


Many times in the period of meeting for worship in which we share joys and sorrows, we will be asked to “hold someone in the Light.” This old Quaker phrase may hold different meaning for different people, however. Continuing from last month’s column, here are four more personal thoughts from individuals on the Committee on Ministry and Counsel on “what it means to hold someone in the Light.” ---
Several things come to mind when I think about holding someone in the light. Most of them will, I am sure, be articulated by others much better than I could say them. The one I would like to share is perhaps a little controversial, but it is important to me as we seek to become more aware of the way in which racism affects us as individuals and as a Meeting. As meaningful as the image of "the light" is to most of us, it is also part of a strong tendency in our culture to picture the light as good and the dark as bad. For example, I recall a Meeting attender saying that she had great difficulty finding videos for her biracial adopted daughters to watch that did not portray characters who were dark as scary and evil. This tendency is experienced as hurtful by at least some people of color--probably many people of color. I am not suggesting that we give up the image, but that we be aware of the discomfort or pain it causes some people, that we consider sometimes using other images such as holding people "in our hearts" or "in prayer," and that we look for ways to use and encourage positive images of darkness.
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When I Hold people in the Light I am most comfortable
visualizing them wrapped in an actual warm light. To me it represents God's love. If I know the person, I "see" them. If not, I find my mind still sees a light and I know that God is, and will be, caring for that person. A speaker at the FGC Gathering this year led us to understand that in the Bible we are instructed to petition God. So many of us wonder if it's "OK" to pray for health and well being, and it was wonderful to be invited to ask.
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I like to think of “holding in the Light” as being
“holding in Love.” The Light to me represents God’s love and some of its qualities, and so when I think of holding someone in the Light I picture them surrounded by visual, bright Light, but also surrounded by something with warmth and a soft texture. In the Psalms there is reference to being borne up on the wings of an eagle, and I like the image of an eagle’s wing as part of God’s love. The wing can be powerful, strong, and uplifting, but on the ground the wing can encircle us in a warm and comforting way. Thus, I envision someone being held in brightness, warmth, and softness.
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If illness, or some other bad turn in my life, struck me next week,
I would like Friends to hold "me" in the light, and not just my bad fortune. It is easy for the concern to focus on the illness, forgetting that there is a person there who has, or has had, a whole life that needs holding in the light as well. Hold the person up to the light so that we may see illuminated all that there is to the person. The thought above came to me recently when a Friend told of seeing a person in need, and not realizing for the longest time that there was more to helping this person than tending to the need. 
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Quakers & Prayer - Introducing PYM Quakers
https://www.pym.org › Introducing PYM Quakers › Quaker Practice


To hold a person in the Light, imagine them being held in God's loving presence and offer prayers and love for them. Holding an individual or a group of people ...
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2] Activity 4: Prayer as Presence - Holding in the Light | Sing to the Power ...
https://www.uua.org/re/tapestry/children/sing/session6/229908.shtml


One way of praying for a person is a Quaker tradition called "holding in the light." When you hold someone in the light you picture them in your mind and imagine ...
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Unitarian Church

ACTIVITY 4: PRAYER AS PRESENCE - HOLDING IN THE LIGHT
Activity 4: Prayer as Presence - Holding in the Light
Activity 4: Prayer as Presence - Holding in the Light

Activity time: 7 minutes

Materials for Activity
Bell or chime
Optional: Computer with Internet access
Preparation for Activity
Optional: Preview the YouTube clip of Kit Holmes performing her song "I'm Gonna Hold You in the Light" (4:00). Adjust the volume and queue the clip so you can press "play" during this activity at the time you choose.

Description of Activity

People encounter many painful situations that are beyond our ability to fix, from friends' and family members' health and relationship issues to violence and natural disasters around the world. Children experience prayer as a way to offer compassion and care-a ministry of presence-whether or not there is any action we can take to change difficult circumstances.

Ask participants what they think prayer is. Use these questions:
What do you do when you pray?
Do you have to believe in God in order to pray?
Do you pray for other people or for yourself?
How is praying like wishing? How is it different?
Why might a person want to pray?

Say in these words, or your own:

Prayer can be a way of expressing caring and good wishes for someone, offering your caring presence, whether you are in the room with them or not. 

One way of praying for a person is a Quaker tradition called "holding in the light." When you hold someone in the light you picture them in your mind and imagine that they are surrounded by a warm, glowing, healing light. You can think of this as the light of God, or the light of love, or the light of hope and good wishes.

Gather the group in a circle. Explain that you will now hold those you love in the light. Ask participants to think of someone or a group of people who might be going through a hard time and whom we can hold in the light. 

Suggest: It might be a family member who is ill, a friend with a difficult family situation, or someone who has been treated unfairly. Say it is fine to choose someone we do not even know-for example, someone in another country where there has been a natural disaster or a war.

Give the group a moment. Then explain that each person in the circle will have the opportunity to say who they are thinking of. The group will then repeat together "We are holding [person's name] in the light," and then share silence in which everyone imagines that person (or their name, if they don't know what they look like) surrounded by warm, healing light.

Say that if they prefer not to say a name aloud, participants may say "Someone" when it is their turn. The group will repeat "We are holding someone in the light," then share the period of silence.
Have a volunteer begin. Lead the group to respond "We are holding (person's name) in the light." Wait 20-30 seconds, then sound the bell or chime and invite the next person to share a name, until everyone in the circle has had the opportunity to choose someone whom the group holds in the light.

To conclude, invite participants to reflect on the experience with questions such as:
Are there times you can imagine you might want to use this practice of holding in the light? Could you do it by yourself? Do you think it is easier, or more powerful to use this practice in a group?
Does our congregation or your family use any similar practice? What about lighting candles of joy and concern?
Are there other ways our congregation, or members of our congregation, practice a ministry of presence?

Contents

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3] Holding in the Light - Community of Christ
https://www.cofchrist.org/spiritual-practice-holding-in-the-light


Holding in the Light is a form of communal intercessory prayer adapted from the Quaker movement. It is a way of praying for others using silence and imaging.
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Holding in the Light



Holding in the Light is a form of communal intercessory prayer adapted from the Quaker movement. It is a way of praying for others using silence and imaging.
The Practice


Gather in a circle. You may want to place one or more candles in the center.

Invite people into a period of intercessory prayer in which specific people and needs are placed in God’s loving, healing care.

Spend a few moments centering on God’s presence and the group’s intention of praying for others. This may be done by reading the scripture reflections, offering a verbal prayer, or using silence and breath prayer to become quiet inside and out.

Enter a period of silent prayer on behalf of those individuals and concerns the group desires to lift up. The whole group may choose to focus on one particular person or concern or group members can make individual choices about the focus of their prayers. The names of those being prayed for can be made known or kept private.

A central element of this form of intercessory prayer is to see or sense the person prayed for being surrounded by and held in God’s light. Ask those praying to focus on this image or awareness as they engage in silent prayer.

Encourage the “pray-ers” to trust God to know the needs of those being prayed for without a lot of words or explanations. Compassionately holding the image of our loved one being held and healed by God’s light becomes the focus of the prayer.

Short prayer phrases can be used to keep attention focused on God as the Source of all healing and blessing.

Continue in silent intercession for ten to fifteen minutes.

Offer a brief prayer of thanks to close your prayer experience.

This prayer practice can be done in private anytime one wishes to hold a particular person or need up to God. It can be done in scattered locations by a group of people wanting to join in prayerful solidarity for a loved one. The group may want to set a specific time when they will participate in prayer by “holding in the light” the one for whom they seek God’s blessing.
Scriptures for Reflections

Live as children of light—for the fruit of the light is found in all that is good and right and true. —Ephesians 5:8, 9 NRSV
If then your whole body is full of light, with no part of it in darkness, it will be as full of light as when a lamp gives you light with its rays. —Luke 11:36 NRSV

This is the message we have heard from him and proclaim to you, that God is light and in him there is no darkness at all. —1 John 1:5 NRSV

And if your eye be single to my glory, your whole bodies shall be filled with light, and there shall be no darkness in you, and that body which is filled with light comprehendeth all things. —Doctrine and Covenants 85:18a
Additional Resources

Prayer and the Five Stages of Healing by Ron Roth with Peter Occhiogrosso

Prayer: Finding the Heart’s True Home by Richard J. Foster
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Brothers and Sisters: Holding Someone in the Light - Daily Kos
https://www.dailykos.com/.../6/.../-Brothers-and-Sisters-Holding-Someone-in-the-Ligh...


Jun 23, 2013 - To say to someone " I will hold you in the Light", is the equivalent of lifting them up to God, lifting them to light and goodness, so they can have ...


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4] What does it mean when a Quaker says he will 'hold someone in the ...
https://www.quora.com/What-does-it-mean-when-a-Quaker-says-he-will-hold-someone-...

Mar 29, 2018 - I can't, and would never intend to, speak for all Quakers. So, with that in mind, here's my reflections to this question: To hold someone in the ...


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Jessica Taylor, DPsych Counselling Psychology, University of the West of England (2021)
Answered Mar 29, 2018







I can’t, and would never intend to, speak for all Quakers. So, with that in mind, here’s my reflections to this question:

To hold someone in the light is an activity, by which I mean it is not a passive process - prayer is; prayer is, in its essence, a request from another to intervene in some form on your behalf. To hold someone in the light, however, is more a commitment to action: I will actively hold you up to and within the light, to God’s love (which can be experienced through me) - I will endeavour to keep you in mind and to act compassionately towards you. It is, in its essence, a call to action and a way of orienting myself to another.

To keep it simple, and visual: prayer is about kneeling down and asking for assistance, whilst holding someone in the light conjures images of embracing someone and bearing them towards love.

I think this link summarises my position well, if you’d like to read a more eloquent exposition: http://philipgulley.com/wp-conte...


1.2k Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Bruce Taylor

Upvote· 67



Sam Barnett-Cormack, Nontheist Quaker, Member of Lancashire Central and North Area Meeting
Answered Apr 25, 2018

It can mean the same as praying, but not all Quakers pray in the sense that most Christians would think of in this context (intercessory prayer). Given that not all Quakers believe in a God you can pray to, sometimes it really doesn’t mean praying for the person.

I wrote a lot exploring this idea for my blog, and it would be excessive to reproduce it here, but you’re welcome to read it there: What do Quakers Mean by "Holding in the Light"?
437 Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Bruce Taylor
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Sunday, 11 February 2018

What do Quakers Mean by "Holding in the Light"?

It is something of a pat phrase, among Quakers, to respond to the difficulty of others by offering to “hold them in the light”. I do not mean by this that we do not do anything else to help people in difficulty, or that such holding is not appreciated. Indeed, it is equally common, in my experience, for Friends to ask others to hold them in the light as they face adversity.
Like many Quaker phrases, however, it serves to obscure the divergence of understanding among liberal Friends. We do not explain what we mean when we use it, and rarely discuss what we mean by it at other times. It is clear that there are a range of meanings Friends ascribe to the saying, and even where people have similar conceptions of the Divine, they may not mean the same thing when they offer to hold someone in the light.



In this post I will explore some of the different interpretations of this phrase that I have come across, looking at what connects them and what differentiates them. I will also, naturally, explain my take on the matter.



It is an evocative phrase for many Friends, and certainly one that is pretty specific to Quakers, but even with a knowledge of Quaker language in general, it is hard to say with certainty what that combination of words might mean. Light, as a term among Quakers, has complex and multifarious meaning. Sometimes it is used as a general term, one among many, for the Divine – along with such standby terms such as Spirit and God. At other times, it is a more specific aspect of our experience of the Divine, a shorthand for Inner Light or Light of Christ (which may or may not be mutually interchangeable depending on the theology of the individual Friend). Any given Friend may use the term in different ways at different times. What then can we make of the idea of holding in the light? In my experience, we don't consistently capitalise “light” in the phrase, though some do, which even calls into question the idea that “light” refers to the same sort of things as it does when used as a word on its own.



The truth, as best I can determine, is that pretty much any possibility you might reasonably imagine is the meaning held by some Friends, somewhere. To some, it is essentially intercessory prayer; others view it as a kind of practical magic, a way of attempting to change the world through the application of human will. Many do not expect it to do anything in any practical sense, even spiritually, but know that it is nice, even helpful in adversity, to know that others are thinking of one. Some examples of cases I have heard, or read, should give some illustration.



Holding in the light as a visualisation is common – imagining the person, or the group, or some symbol of the matter in question, bathed in divine light. What Friends who do this consider the significance varies. For some, it has the character of intercessory prayer, that they see this visualisation as an expression of their hope that God strengthen the Light around/within the object of their attention; that this bring strength, or healing, or good fortune. For others, they see it as bringing light in the same way, to the same ends, but without the involvement of a deity; the transmission, by dint of will, of some of the Divine essence from themselves to the object of their attention.



In one or two cases I have heard of, Friends with a foot in a neopagan tradition will actually engage in some sort of ritual, possibly actually envisioned as an exercise in practical magic, to help the person directly – or simply to focus their own mind on the task as they understand it.
For some, who may or may not also engage in the visualisation described above, it is a matter of attempting to be receptive, rather than transmissive. They are opening themselves to any leadings that might come as to how they might constructively help with a situation; there is a hope that the Spirit will give them some insight into the situation that will lead to them being able to actually do something tangible to help.



For others, it is actually a Quakerly shorthand for more traditional intercessory prayer, directly asking God (or other divine figure or figures) to intervene on behalf of a person. This may even be spoken prayer. Similarly, for some it is a matter of spiritual healing, which may or may not mean an intention to bring about physical change.



For myself, and occasionally for some others I know of, it is a matter of holding the person in my thoughts, with good intentions, without any express idea about how this might lead to any results. It might, or it might not. Sometimes it produces a leading for action, but I do not expressly hope or expect that it will do so. Sometimes I get a sense that something changes as I do this, but I do not know where that sense comes from. I do not need to know; I know that I am doing something, possibly all I can do. If I already know something concrete I can do, I would do that; if I cannot, for whatever reason, I do what I can simply in the hope that something positive might result. I cannot it see it being worse than doing nothing, and it might do some good.



It is important to realise that these different patterns have overlap, and many Friends will recognise their practice reflected in several of them. Much like conceptions of the Divine, or understandings of the Quaker Business Method, trying to cover the full range of experience with separate descriptions might not be possible – and if it were, it would be a very, very long task.





Julie Gochenoura year ago
Hmmm. To explain my personal understanding of what I do when I hold someone in the light, I go back to Fox's image of an ocean of darkness and an ocean of light flowing above it. When I hold someone in the light, then. I am lifting them out of the melange of experiences that create/feel like an ocean of darkness in difficult times, and up into the ocean of light where there the light comes from all directions so there are no shadows. My effort to do this for another on their behalf is important because the deeper we move into the ocean of light, the weaker the shadows of fear, etc., When I hold someone in the light because of circumstance or need, I do so because they might not be able to fully glimpse or reach up out of the darkness toward that ocean of light as fully as they might with my assistance


Christopher John Greena year ago

Dear Sam,
F Baudrazin in his article in J J Von Allmen's Vocabulary of the Bible discusses Light under seven headings. Early Quakers, who knew their Bibles better than we do today, would had a view of Light that was full of scriptural resonances. Among them would be an understanding, not only of the light of day, of the sun, of the stars (Gen. 1.4; Exod.10.23; Job 26:10, etc), but also he New Testament references (Jn. 1:12-13; 8:12; 12:36;). I would argue that the Light is the Light of Christ. Baudraz concludes his article with "In the Johannine passages light is inseparable from life ,truth, and love. God has placed all these blessings, which properly belong to Him, in His Son, in order that through faith in Him men might receive these ifts and participate in the very life of God."
Hope this helps. In Friendship, and with warmest regards. Chris.


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5] To Hold in the Light | schmaltalk
https://schmaltalk.wordpress.com/2016/11/27/to-hold-in-the-light/


Nov 27, 2016 - Prominent in the peculiar language of Quakers is the phrase “to hold [someone, something] in the Light”. What does this mean? There is no ...
[PDF]


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To Hold in the Light


Prominent in the peculiar language of Quakers is the phrase “to hold [someone, something] in the Light”.   What does this mean? There is no single definition, and typical of Quakers there is no frozen-in-time definition established 350 years ago and arriving in modern Quakerism unchanged (“continuing revelation” will be considered in future posts, as will Light, God, witness, and much else). Nevertheless, I will attempt to give an approximate sense of what it means to be held in the Light, or to hold another in the Light.
To hold [someone, something] in the Light includes prayer, yet is more and different than prayer. However, if you’re of an understanding that “all is prayer,” the “more-ness” already resonates with you. The Light is always companioned by Love. Paradoxically, it is both simple and complex.
In my experience and observation, petitionary prayer to a supernatural, anthropomorphized God is uncommon among Quakers—but here I must insert the caveat that, while my readings of historical and modern Quaker writings has been expansive, most of my worship and conversational experience has been among “Liberal Friends” in the U.S. (Quakers, already relatively few in number worldwide, have undergone some schisms and diversifications in the past two centuries).
My first epiphany in matters of the Light was some 21 years ago, as I sat in Meeting for Worship, still raw and grieving from the recent and unspeakably sad accidental death, subsequent family gathering, and funeral for my great-niece. In addition to prayer, I had rightly understood ‘holding in the Light” to have an element of metaphysical healing and illogical near-magic of the kinds attributed to Jesus of Nazareth, and found in the mystical faith traditions of many religions including Quakerism. Yet, as I recalled my own experience of deep grief along with the loving visits, heartfelt cards, and practical offerings of help by the community to my sister on the loss of her beloved granddaughter, and to my nephew in his inconsolable shock at his daughter’s death, this came to me: tangible action, no matter how banal on the surface, is also a manifestation of holding someone in the light. To deliver a casserole, to send a card, to offer a room for visiting relatives, to recommend a specific and highly skilled professional relevant to the situation—these and many other “mere actions” are filled with magic and Light (it was a bit embarrassing to realize this only in the middle of my life, but better late than never).
In Worship today, a Friend spoke through tears of a colleague fighting for her life in Shock-Trauma after being stabbed multiple times and left for dead by an acquaintance, himself deranged by demons yet undescribed. The Friend asked our Quaker community to hold the injured woman and her family in the Light, and the Friend continued to speak of her own epiphany, cast upon her by her husband, from his understanding: that to hold someone in the Light (an image, a metaphor, an action) is by necessity to stand in the Light oneself, thus its effect is to offer healing not only to the other but to oneself.
Meanwhile, I have come to understand additional things about holding someone in the Light. First, while even the briefest of loving words, thoughts, and actions are good, “holding” the Light (over time, space, and being) is better evidence of authenticity. Second, we Friends endeavor to hold in the Light people and processes with whom (or with which) we emphatically disagree, in alignment with William Penn’s advice, “Let us then try what Love will do …” And finally, to hold in the Light (and to love) is not to enable wrongly led behavior, and may involve nonviolent opposition of a most persistent kind.
I will endeavor to hold the newly elected U.S. government in the Light. May they find enlightenment and wisdom—and if not, may they be used by History (and the moral arc of the universe) as object lessons, as a parable, as a weird anomaly never to be repeated.




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6] 1 QuakerSayings9 I Will Hold You in the Light Philip Gulley Last ...
philipgulley.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Quaker-Sayings-9-SECURE.pdf


I Will Hold You in the Light. Philip Gulley. Last summer, I was speaking at a Quaker event in Ohio and happened to feel faint and had to sit down. It was late in ...



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7] I'll hold you in the light. - Hannah Brencher
www.hannahbrenchercreative.com/diary/2015/11/04/ill-hold-you-in-the-light


Nov 4, 2015 - I'll hold you in the light. Screen Shot 2015-11-04 at 3.41.31 PM I. One of my girlfriends invites me to yoga and I say yes immediately. Before I ...



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8] Lightholders and Holding the Light - Golden Age of Gaia
https://goldenageofgaia.com/2016/03/12/lightholders-and-holding-the-light/


Mar 12, 2016 - She considers it her lightwork to hold the Light. ... enlightenment, not a lightworker (because that's what she was) holding the Light for Gaia.

Mechai Viravaidya will talk about his bamboo schools initiative at the AICD’s annual dinner in Adelaide this year



Mechai Viravaidya will talk about his bamboo schools initiative at the AICD’s annual dinner in Adelaide this year



Mechai Viravaidya will talk about his bamboo schools initiative at the AICD’s annual dinner in Adelaide this year

ONE of the core goals of Mechai Viravaidya’s Bamboo schools is to “re-engineer rural education”, to provide real skills and opportunities to Thailand’s rural poor.
Cameron England

The Advertiser
AUGUST 14, 2018




Bamboo school founder Mechai Viravaidya.Source:Supplied

ONE of the core goals of Mechai Viravaidya’s Bamboo schools is to “re-engineer rural education”, to provide real skills and opportunities to Thailand’s rural poor.


Mr Viravaidya, who is speaking at The Australian Institute of Company Directors’ Annual Dinner in Adelaide in October, has been a leading public figure in Thailand since the mid-1970s.

He spearheaded the country’s response to the AIDS crisis in the 1990s, earning himself the nickname “Mr Condom”, and through the Mechai Viravaidya Foundation, has set up model “Bamboo Schools” in rural areas.

“The Bamboo School aims to foster a new generation of rural youth who are honest and innovative social entrepreneurs and community development leaders,’’ the AICD website says.

“Today, with the help of the private sector, over 150 small rural schools have begun to adopt this concept and have begun to take on a greater role in their surrounding communities.’’

The Mechai Pattana school, in northeast Thailand, combines a boarding secondary school with a “lifelong learning centre” which is designed to be a hub for social and economic advancement.

“Classrooms and other school buildings are made of Bamboo and include the world’s largest bamboo geodesic dome, based on the geodesic design of the world famous American architect Buckminster Fuller,’’ the school’s website says.

Students attend courses ranging from digital to agricultural disciplines, and there is also a loan scheme to help them set up their own business. Mr Viravaidya will be speaking on the theme, “How leadership can change the world”.

The 2018 AICD SA Annual dinner will be held at the Adelaide Convention Centre on Thursday, October 25. Member tickets are $180 and $220 for non-members. For more information visit the AICD website or call 8236 2800.

Originally published as Bamboo schools a leading light in Thai education

함석헌 『기독교 교리에서 본 세계관』ㅡ 속죄와 아버지 하나님의 사랑

무교회(1945-1955)
『기독교 교리에서 본 세계관』ㅡ 함석헌 속죄와 아버지 하나님의 사랑 

오철근
12 hrs ·

『기독교 교리에서 본 세계관』ㅡ 함석헌

속죄와 아버지 하나님의 사랑

오늘은 여러분과 약속한 마지막 시간입니다. 한 가지만 더 말하겠습니다. 그것은 죄 문제입니다. 기독교에서 보는 세계는 윤리적인 질서라고 위에서 말했습니다. 윤리적이기 때문에 죄 문제는 중요하지 않을 수 없습니다. 기독교라면 곧 십자가, 십자가라면 곧 죄, 그거면 기독교의 전부로 알만큼 죄와 그것을 해결하는 속죄문제는 기독교에서 중요한 교리가 되어있습니다. 기독교 신자가 둘셋 모인 곳에 가기만 하면, 예배나 토론을 하는 곳에 가기만 하면 반드시 곧 죄, 회개, 속죄, 하는 말을 듣습니다. 기독교는 십자가교 속죄교라 할 만합니다.

물론 그것이 기독교의 전부는 아니요, 구경의 목적도 아닙니다. 마지막에 가는 곳은 영원한 생명이요 하늘나라입니다. 속죄는 그것을 위한 수단이요 방법이지, 목적 그것은 아닙니다. 그렇게 중요시하게 되는 것은 그 문제가 해결되지 않고는 갈 수가 없기 때문입니다.

죄 문제를 그렇게 중요시하는 것은 기독교가 인격적인 종교이기 때문입니다. 종교가 종교인 이상, 사람의 맘을 바로잡기를 목적하는 이상, 어느 종교나 죄에 관한 가르침이 없을 수 없습니다. 그러나 기독교처럼 거기 대해 심각히 말하는 종교는 없습니다. 죄는 어찌하여 있게 되느냐. 그 기원을 설명하는 것을 들어보면 차이를 알 수 있습니다. 기독교에서는 죄를 알 수 없는 인연으로 됐다든지, 물욕에 가려서 그랬다든지 하는 설명을 하지 않습니다. 인간의 본질 속에 자유로운 의지로 의식적으로 된 것으로 봅니다. 그렇기 때문에 거기 대해 책임을 지지 않을 수 없습니다. 완전히 인격적인 우주관에 서기 때문에 이렇게 보는 것입니다.

역사를 단순한 물리적인 변천과정으로 보는 데는 죄가 있을 리가 없고, 양심의 고통이니 가책이니가 있을리 없습니다. 우주정신의 범신론적 현현으로 보는 데도 그렇고, 형이상학적인 원리의 발전으로 보는 데서도 그렇고, 맹목적인 의지로 더듬어가는 데서도 죄의 고민은 있을 수 없습니다. 이상의 여러가지 설명은 인간의 가슴속 깊이 들어 있는 독사 같은 죄의 고민을 없애볼까 하는 생각에서 나온 것이지만 소용이 없었습니다. 소용이 없는 것은 참이 되지 못하기 때문입니다.

죄의 사실은 그러한 설명보다는 더 강하고 끈질긴 것이 있기 때문일 것입니다. 인간도 다른 생물과 일반으로 간단한 데서 복잡한 것으로 진화해가는 것이라고 생물학자가 말해도, 죄란 불완전 상태에 불과한 것이라고 철학자가 말해도, 고민하는 인간의 가슴에서 죄의 의식을 뽑아버릴 수는 없었습니다. 물질주의, 현실주의가 왕성해감을 따라 양심이 점점 둔해져 가는 것 같으면서도, 과학의 응용에 따라 생활은 날로날로 편리해 가는 것 같으면서도, 세계적으로 고민이 늘어가는 것이 사실입니다. 이것이 인간이 인격적인 존재인 증거요, 죄가 인간 본질에 관계되는 문제요, 우주에 윤리적인 질서가 엄존하는 증거 아니겠습니까?

죄는 인간 자유의지의 산물이요, 이성의 산물입니다. 죄는 성경이 가르치는 대로 무엇보다 먼저 처분해야할, 무엇보다 나중까지 깉어 있을 근본적인 문제입니다. 이것은 인간 혼의 알 속에서부터 대우주의 끝까지 뻗어 있는 균사(菌絲)입니다. 바울은 말합니다. 만물이 오늘날까지 탄식하며 하나님의 아들들이 나타나기를 기다린다고. 얼마나 고통스런 우주관입니까? 또 얼마나 진실하고 장엄한, 거룩한 우주관입니까?

성경은 예수의 사업을 한마디로 요약해 죄를 정결케 했다 합니다. 그것이 근본이요, 다른 모든 활동도 다 거기 의미를 가지는 것으로 통일될 것이기 때문입니다. 그리 생각할 때 예수께서 유대민족에 나신 것은 우연이 아닙니다. 고금 여러 민족 중 그들처럼 죄에 대해 심각한 고민을 가진 민족은 없었습니다. 그들은 이상한 성격의 민족이어서 한편 유대인이라면 곧 돈을 연상할 만큼 이욕적(利慾的)이면서 다른 한편엔 엄격한 도덕적 양심을 가집니다. 강한 광선같이, 렘브람트(Rembrandt van Rijn)의 그림을 보는 것같이 명암이 극도로 대조됩니다. 『구약』 을 보면 처음부터 끝까지 죄, 완악, 불의, 음란 등등 이런 문구로 꿰뚫려 있습니다. 그 대부분이 역사적 문헌인데, 세계 어떤 국가 민족의 역사를 보아도 그렇게 신음으로 일관된 것은 없습니다. 정말 뺀 백성이었습니다. 죄의 의식이 그들의 특권이었습니다. 그리고 이것이야말로 예수를 낳은 태반이었습니다. 예수는 다른 데서 날 수없었습니다. 이 고민하는 양심만이 영원한 인격을 낳을 수 있었습니다. 마치 끊는 용광로만이 순금을 낳을 수 있는 것같이.

예수의 생애와 사상을 유대 역사를 배경으로 하고 바라보면 놀라운 대조를 이루어 한개 숭엄한 그림을 나타내고 있습니다. 그 배경이 아니고는 그 인격의 영광이 찬란한 맛을 완전히 알 수 없고, 또 그 인격의 빛이 아니고는 그 역사의 의미를 잘 알 수 없습니다. 예수가 가장 많이 쓰신 말씀을 들면 '하늘나라'와 '영원한 생명'일 것입니다. 이것은 끓어 돌아가는 용광로의 중심에 떠오르는 결정체같이 빛나는 사상입니다. 그러나 그것은 무서운 죄의식에서만 닦이어 나올 수 있는 것입니다. 위에서 나는 그를 영원한 로켓탄이라 했습니다. 이 로켓탄을 발사하는 폭발하는 불은 하늘에서 내려온 영이겠지만 , 그 폭발을 가능케 하는 굳은 탄피는 죄의식으로 단련된 강철같이 엄혹한 도덕입니다.

어느 민족의 역사가 아니 그러리오만, 특히 유대 역사는 훈련의 역사요 단련의 역사입니다. 둔한 짐승깉이, 약한 어린이 같이 그들은 채찍에 맞으며 자라났습니다. 그들을 후려갈긴 채찍은 '거룩'이요, '의'였습니다. [창세기] 이하를 읽어보면, 그들이 하나님의 거룩을 알고 그 의를 배우기 위해 얼마나 고통을 겪었는지를 알 수 있습니다. 여러 국가, 여러 문화와 접촉하며 가지가지의 파란곡절을 겪었지만, 구경의 의미는 이 두 가지에 돌아가고 맙니다. 두 채찍 사이에서 이리 넘어지고 저리 엎어지는 동안 가슴속에 늘어간 것은 날카로운 죄의 의식이었습니다. 그리하여 포수시대(捕囚時代)를 지내고, 예언자도 끊어지고, 나라가 완전히 망한 때에 마치 심장도 인젠 이 이상 견딜 수도 없다 할 만큼 된 때에, 고대 모든 문화 중 가장 고상한 도덕적인 문화를 가졌던 종교의 뺀 백성은 절망하려 했습니다. 그때에 나온 것이 예수요, 그가 와서 한 말이 "하늘나라 가깝다" "나를 믿으라, 영원한 생명을 얻으리라"였습니다.

영원한 생명과 하늘나라는 한가지 사실의 두 면입니다. 인생의 입장에서 하면 인간의 목표는 영원한 생명이고, 역사적 입장에서 하면 역사의 완성은 하늘나라인 것입니다. 죄의 고민속에 절망하려는 사람들에게 하는 말이기 때문에 이것을 복음이라, 기뿐 소식이라 했습니다. 예수는 무엇을 가지고 그것을 이루었나. '사랑'과 '참'입니다. [요한복음]의 기자는 "율법은 모세로부터 왔고, 은혜와 진리는 예수 그리스도로 좇아왔다"고 했습니다. 거룩과 의를 배우기에 기운이 빠진 인간을 그는 사랑과 참의 가슴에 안아 살려냈습니다. 칼날같이 날카롭던 죄와 그뒤에 따라서는 무서운 죽음이 그만 권위를 잃고 안개같이 사라지게 됐고, 무너진 역사의 무더기 속에서 새 생명의 싹이 나왔습니다. 그것이 기독교입니다.

옛사람은 듣기를 "하나님은 노여워하는 하나님이라" 들었습니다. 그리하여 그 노를 풀어보려고 단식도 해보고, 베옷을 입고 재를 머리에 써도 보고, 제사도 드려보았습니다. 소박한 양심에도 생 • 사 • 화 • 복의 모든 것이 하나님께 있는 줄을 알았고, 또 윤리적인 질서 속에 난 생명인지라, 제가 당하는 불행과 제 행위를 인과적으로 결부시켜 생각하는 것은 어째 그런지는 모르면서도 역사의 먼동 트기부터 당연한 것으로 그리 생각하여왔습니다. 이것은 모든 인류를 첨부터 지배해온 법칙입니다.

그래 그들은 항상 벌벌 떠는 심리였습니다. 또 유치한 생각에, 자기의 무력을 언제나 느끼기 때문에, 하나님은 기술적으로 초월한 능력의 하나님으로만 보였습니다. 그랬기 때문에 그의 호의를 얻으려 전전긍긍하는 것이 고대 종교였습니다. 이리하는 동안에 그들은 그 종교의 초보적 소학에서 도덕생활의 기초를 닦았고, 사회질서 유지에 필요한 규율을 지키는 것을 배우기는 했으나, 맘의 평안을 얻을 수는 없었습니다. 그리고 맘의 평안이 없는 한 모든 축복의 약속은 다 소용이 없었습니다.

그들은 차차 주의를 밖에서부터 안으로 돌리게 됐습니다. 마법 • 주문으로 행복을 끌어오자던 생각을 그만두고 제사종교를 발전시켰습니다. 자기네가 지은 죄를 없이 해주심을 얻기 위해 하나님 앞에 속죄제를 드리는 것입니다. 양이나 염소 중에 아름답고 흠 없는 놈을 골라 제단 앞에서 잡아 그 피를 제단에 뿌리고 고기를 단위에 통으로 불살랐습니다. 그리하여 타오르는 연기 속에서 노한 하나님의 풀어진 얼굴을 보려 했습니다.

몰론 죄의 값이 죽음인 것을 양심적으로 아는 이상 죄를 청산하려면 죽음 외에 다른 길이 없는 것을 그들도 알았습니다. 그러나 죽을 수는 없고, 죽는 의미를 표시하여 그 심정을 알아주기를 바라서 취한 의식이 곧 짐승의 피를 흘려 제사하는 것이었습니다. 생물의 생명은 피에 있다고 믿었기 때문에 목숨을 바친다는 의미로 피를 제단에 뿌린 것입니다. 뿌린 짐승의 피는 곧 자기의 생명을 의미하는 것이었습니다. 원시사회에서는 정말 사람을 잡아 제사한 일도 있었습니다. 우리 민족에도 그 자취가 아직 '심청이 이야기'에 남아 있습니다. 그러나 인도사상이 진보됨에 따라 그것은 그만두고 짐승으로 대신한 것이었습니다. 그리하여 고민하는 유대인의 신전 안에서는 죽는 짐승의 비명이 그칠 날 없었고, 또 제단에서는 늘 선지피가 뚝뚝 흘렀습니다.
그러나 아무리 해도 그것으로 양심을 평안케 할 수는 없었습니다. 짐승은 아무래도 사람은 아니요, 대제사장은 비록 전 민중을 대표한다 해도 나 자신의 맘이 될 수는 없었기 때문입니다. 그것은 한개 비유요, 식이요, 제도요, 기계지 산 인격의 행동이 아니었습니다. 유치한 시대에 일시 양심의 위로를 아니 받은 것 아니나, 그것으로는 정말 양심을 완전히 죄의 권위에서 해방하여 영혼의 자유를 얻게 할 수는 없었습니다. 제도는 점점 복잡해가고 의식은 점점 엄중해가건만, 양심은 차차 더 괴롭고 무력할 뿐이지 소용이 없었습니다.

그리하여 일부 소수의 진실한 양심속에 반대가 일어나게 됐습니다. "이것 가지고는 아니 된다. " 그들은 더 인격적으로, 따라서 더 정신적으로 하나님에 접근하기를 애썼습니다. 아모스, 호세아로 시작되어 이사야, 미가, 에레미야, 제2 이사야 등으로 내려오는 예언자들입니다. 그들은 모두 교회와 의식제도에 관계 없는 자유신앙자들 이었습니다. 이들이 제사종교와 예수의 복음 사이에 다리를 놓은 사람들입니다. "나는 제사를 즐겨 하지 않고 자비를 즐겨한다" "내 백성을 위로하라, 그 죄를 사했다 하라" "내 율법을 그들의 맘에 두리라" 하는 소리를 그들은 벌써 양심속에 들었습니다.

그러는 때에 예수가 나타나시어 폭탄적으로 한 선언이 "하나님은 아버지다" 하는 말이었습니다. 또 "하나님은 영이시다" 했습니다. 놀라운 혁명 아닙니까. 하나님이 만일 사랑의 아버지라면 그 앞에 죄란 것이 있을리 없습니다. 죄가 없는데 속죄제가 무슨 필요며, 벌벌 떨 필요가 무엇이겠습니까. 하나님이 만일 영이시라면 그 앞에 일체의 형식이 소용이 없고 오직 참으로 하는 양심이 요구될 뿐 아니겠습니까.

과연 하나님은 아버지라, 영이시라 하는 말을 듣고, 제사장과 교법사들이 분이 나 죽이려던 것은 무리가 아니었습니다. 그들은 자기네의 종교가 토대에서부터 진동하는 것을 느꼈습니다. 그러나 예수는 "목자 없는 양같이 헤메는" 민중을 보고 "수고하고 무거운 짐진 사람은 다 내게로 오라" "네 죄를 사하였다" "평안하라, 두려워 말라" 했고, 사람들은 그에게로 달려갔습니다.
그전 옛날 사람들이 죄란 것을 가슴에 꼭 안고, 그것을 피해보려고 눈을 감아도 보고, 달음질도 해보며, 애쓰면서 하지 못하던 것을 예수는 그 죄의 실재성을 빼앗음으로써 스스로 없어지게 했습니다. 죄의 실재성을 무엇으로 빼앗았나. '하나님은 사랑이라'는 것으로써입니다. 죄는 하나님을 믿지 않는 데서 나오는 것임을 그는 알았습니다.

하나님을 믿는다는 것은 그를 아버지로 아는 일입니다. 그것이 하나님을 바로 안 것입니다. 바로 알지 못하는 것은 하나님한테 인격적인 태도로 나아가지 않기 때문입니다. 예수께서는 하나님을 진심으로 찾음으로써 그를 아버지로 알아보았고, 아버지를 앎으로써 그의 가슴에 사뭇 들어갔습니다. 거기 죄가 있을 여지가 없었습니다. 그가 아버지의 품속으로서 왔노라 한 것은 이것입니다. 그렇기 때문에 그는 믿음을 강조했습니다.

죄는 믿지 않는 자에게만 있습니다. 죄가 따로 있는 것 아니라 믿지 않는 심정, 그것이 곧 죄입니다. 믿는 자에게는 죄가 실재하지 않습니다. 하나님을 아버지로 믿는 심정에, 생명의 근본 원리는 사랑이니 그 안에 정죄함이나 심판함이나 죽음이 있을 수 없다 믿는 맘에, 죄는 있을 곳이 없습니다. 이것이 구원입니다.


How this Thai educational movement empowers rural students | PBS NewsHour



How this Thai educational movement empowers rural students | PBS NewsHour

How this Thai educational movement empowers rural students
Feb 6, 2019
By — Fred de Sam Lazaro
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More and more in Thailand, rural students learn in traditional classrooms, but with an emphasis on hands-on activities. The idea is to empower young villagers to bring economic development to their communities, as well as learn leadership, empathy and compassion. Special correspondent Fred de Sam Lazaro returns to Thailand to talk with the man leading the effort there.
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Judy Woodruff:

Now: going beyond reading, writing and arithmetic to teach leadership and empathy to high school students.

Fred de Sam Lazaro traveled to rural Thailand for a return visit with the man leading an effort to modernize education in that country.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

It's not something you typically see in a Thai public school. There's dancing, games and paper-making. And the teachers on this day were visiting students from a unique nearby high school.

It's part of a new approach the government is seeking to expand across Thailand. It's begun with an initial 180 schools, and is based on the nonprofit 7-12 grade Mechai Bamboo School named after its founder, Mechai Viravaidya.


Mechai Viravaidya:

We have so many schools now wanting to join. The schools want it, the communities want it, which is really very, very positive.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

The Bamboo School was started nine years ago in rural Eastern Thailand as a way to inspire young villagers to bring economic development to their communities.
On a typical day, students might be performing for patients at a nearby hospital. That's after handing out meals they had prepared at the school kitchen using produce grown in the school garden. Students do learn in traditional classrooms, but the emphasis is hands-on.

Soon, these math students are outside taking measurements and making real-world calculations about how much can be planted in a pot.


Mechai Viravaidya:

So, this is mobile. You can take it into the village from one house to another on the back of a motorbike.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

It's a portable solar-powered water, pump designed, he said, by the students.


Mechai Viravaidya:

And this is what we're always trying to do, and let the kids to think how to improve whatever we do. And they come up with many good ideas.

Fred de Sam Lazaro:

Mechai Viravaidya is an economist who became famous in the 1970s for colorful family planning campaigns. He used the media, Buddhist monks and humor, like condom-blowing contests, to help a conservative culture overcome embarrassment about sexuality, as he recalled when I first talked to him in the mid-'90s


Mechai Viravaidya:

We said, look, one must not be embarrassed by a condom. It's just from a rubber tree, like a tennis ball. If you're embarrassed by a condom, you must be more embarrassed by a tennis ball. There's more rubber in it.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

Thailand's fertility rate went from six children per woman to less than two today. It is now considered a middle-income country, but rural communities have not benefited as much from improved living standards.

Mechai says modernizing the education system is key to closing that gap.

Mechai Viravaidya:

The school is more than just a school that all of us used to know. A school is a lifelong learning center and a hub for social and economic advancement in the communities.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

It means that, in addition to academics, each student must start a small business, whether it's selling food or handmade paper or large water storage pots.

Instead of paying tuition, students and parents perform 400 hours of community service a year, providing day care for mothers from the community or teaching workshops about gardening to senior citizens. And through internships and partnerships with the business community, students learn about career options in agriculture, commerce, education.


Mechai Viravaidya:

And these are the things we have to teach them, life skills and occupational skills.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

The emphasis at the Bamboo School is on leadership and empathy. Students often lead group discussions, like this sex education class, which included Mechai's hallmark condom-blowing contest.

And students conduct interviews to determine who is admitted and which teachers get hired. The rules that this boarding school our firm. Students do chores every morning. There is one hour of cell phone use a week.

When rules are violated, a student panel helps determine the consequences. A few years ago, four seniors were caught smoking.


Mechai Viravaidya:

So, the student council said that they should be expelled. And they were expelled from the school.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

Really? That's pretty radical.


Mechai Viravaidya:

The issue of discipline is very important for them to realize that it's not difficult to be honest. It is not difficult to obey the rules and the laws. Start them young, and, when they get older, it will be sort of second nature to them.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

The Bamboo School goes out of its way to recruit students who have been marginalized by society, such as Chanida Nithikajorn. She's from a minority group in an isolated region of Thailand, and she cried when asked how her life has changed since coming here.


Chanida Nithikajorn:

I never thought I would have a chance to pursue education. I have always wanted to be a doctor, but I thought I wouldn't be able to achieve that. But now things have changed a lot.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

Ninth grader Nut Monis is deemed stateless because her grandparents came to Thailand illegally from Myanmar.


Nut Monis:

Being stateless is the worst possible thing that can happen to a person. You are deprived of many liberties. I wasn't allowed to travel outside my village.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

Thanks to intervention by Mechai, Nut was allowed to attend the Bamboo School and eventually hopes to go on to college. Eighty-five percent of the school's graduates do so. But they're encouraged to come back to their rural communities.


Mechai Viravaidya:

Have a look at this.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

It's one reason for the sophisticated horticulture taught at the school.


Mechai Viravaidya:

So, this is a way of proving that you can stay in rural settings and earn a good income and be scientific about things, rather than having to migrate like other people.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

It's an idea that graduate Jindarat Maneeterm has taken to heart. She's now in her senior year of college, majoring in business management, and as her final project works an intern back at her alma mater.


Jindarat Maneeterm:

There's been a huge migration and most people have disappeared from the village. I'm trying to convince youth to come and see the importance of village life and maintain some of it.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

Technology has connected once remote villages to the larger world, but Jindarat says it has also had a corrosive effect.


Jindarat Maneeterm:

When I was young, I would go out in the fields and help my parents. It was part of the village culture. Now young children spend their days on cell phones watching YouTube most of the time. I want to play a role in developing ideas for businesses in the village, while preserving village identity.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

At age 77, Mechai shows no signs of slowing down. While most of his time is spent trying to raise money, he still regularly meets with the young scholars.

At this student council meeting, he listened to a proposal to start actively recruiting students who are orphans. He says it's all part of the plan for students to continue the work that he has begun here.


Mechai Viravaidya:

And they come back, older ones, to teach younger kids. We say it's like a relay race. Whatever we receive, we must pass on to others.


Fred de Sam Lazaro:

It's that legacy that Mechai hopes will continue to grow, as the new public school model expands across Thailand.

For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Fred de Sam Lazaro in Buriram Province, Thailand.


Judy Woodruff:

Fred's reporting is a partnership with the Under-Told Stories Project at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota.


Watch the Full Episode
PBS NewsHour from Feb 06, 2019

More From This Episode


Fred de Sam Lazaro


Fred de Sam Lazaro is director of the Under-Told Stories Project at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota, a program that combines international journalism and teaching. He has served with the PBS NewsHour since 1985 and is a regular contributor and substitute anchor for PBS' Religion and Ethics Newsweekly.

2019/02/07

주체사상에도 초월적인 종교경험이 있나요?_수령 숭배심(1)



에큐메니안 모바일 사이트, 주체사상에도 초월적인 종교경험이 있나요?_수령 숭배심(1)



주체사상에도 초월적인 종교경험이 있나요?_수령 숭배심(1)

기사승인 2019.01.09 19:29:00
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- 북한 선교를 위해 꼭 알아야 할 주체사상 100문 100답(18)


Q : 주체사상에도 초월적인 종교경험이 있나요?_수령 숭배심(1)

A : 모든 종교는 경험적 차원을 가지고 있습니다. 종교를 받아들일 때, 사람들은 그 종교가 제공해 주는 교리에 근거한 독특한 경험을 가지게 됩니다. 루돌프 오토(Rudolf Otto)는 모든 종교의 핵심에는 ‘누미노스(numinous) 경험’이 있다고 보았습니다.

누미노스 경험은 ‘공포심과 경외감을 유발시키고 황홀하게 해주며, 무서움에도 불구하고 우리를 잡아끄는 신비스런 것’에 대한 경험이라고 합니다. 인간은 누미노스 경험을 통해서 힘이나 영광의 면에서 장엄하며, 자신을 넘어서 있는 완전한 타자(wholly other)로서의 존재, 무언가 ‘다르며’, 초세속적(other-worldly)인 실재와 조우한다는 것입니다.

주체사상에도 이러한 초월적 누미노스 경험이 있습니다. 주체사상 신봉자들이 경험하는 누미노스 경험은 바로 ‘수령 숭배심’입니다. 2002년 1월 4일자 「로동신문」의 사설은 ‘수령 숭배심’에 대해, ‘수령의 사상에 대한 절대적인 매혹의 감정’이라고 정의하였습니다. 수령 숭배심에 대한 이 짧은 정의는 종교를 ‘절대의존의 감정’이라고 말한 슐라이에르마허의 정의와, 거룩한 것의 속성을 ‘두렵고도 동시에 매혹적인 신비’에서 찾았던 루돌프 오토의 정의를 조합한 것으로 보입니다.

슐라이에르마허와 루돌프 오토는 그리스도교 신학의 정립에 지금도 큰 영향을 끼치고 있는 철학자이자 신학자들입니다. 우리는 여기에서, 주체사상의 신봉자들이 자신들의 종교 경험을 설명하는 데 있어 그리스도교 신학에 빚지고 있는 지점을 확인할 수 있습니다. 신을 숭배하는 그리스도교의 문법으로 수령을 숭배하는 자신들의 종교 경험을 그려내고 있다는 것입니다.

물론 그리스도교의 신 숭배와 주체사상의 수령 숭배는 완전히 같은 것은 아닙니다. ‘수령’은 관념적 존재가 아니기에, 형이상학적인 절대 타자로 여겨지지 않습니다. 이런 점에서 ‘수령 숭배심’의 경험은 ‘역사-내재적 초월경험’이라고 명명할 수 있을 것입니다. ‘자기를 넘어서는 경험’이라는 측면에서 ‘초월경험’이라고 할 수 있지만, 어디까지나 그 초월이 유물론적 세계관에 입각하여 ‘현실 역사 속에서’ 이루어진다는 측면에서 ‘역사-내재적’이라고 말할 수 있다는 것입니다.

여기에서 우리 그리스도인들은, 북한의 주체사상 신봉자들이, 초월의 양상에서는 서로 다르긴 하지만, 우리 그리스도인들의 ‘신 숭배심’과 유사한 ‘수령 숭배심’을 경험하고 있다는 사실과, 그들이 자신들의 종교 경험을 설명해내기 위해 그리스도교 신앙 전통에 속해 있는 신학적 성과에서 핵심 개념들을 차용하고 있고, 더 나아가 전용하고 있음을 알 수 있습니다.

이 지점에서 우리 그리스도인들은 적극적으로 대화의 접점을 모색해야 합니다. 주체사상 신봉자들의 종교 경험과 우리 그리스도인들의 종교 경험을 서로 비교하고 분석하는 것을 통해 대화의 실마리를 찾아나갈 수 있을 것입니다. 우리 그리스도인들이, 주체사상이 종교화되는 과정에서 새롭게 열린 ‘수령 숭배심’이라는 종교 경험의 지평에 대해 일방적으로 논평하거나 매도하거나 지적하는 입장에서 벗어나, 먼저 우리 자신들을 돌아보고, 우리 그리스도인들 안에 있는 ‘신 숭배심’ 경험과 주체사상 신봉자들이 증언하는 ‘수령 숭배심’ 경험을 허심탄회하게 비교하며 대화를 시도할 때, 성숙한 상호이해의 공동 지평에 다다를 수 있을 것입니다.

ⓒGetty Image


정대일 연구실장(그리스도교-주체사상 대화연구소) jungsca@hanmail.net

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주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하나?_북한의 백과사전이 말하는 수령 숭배심(2)

기사승인 2019.01.16 19:33:27


- 북한 선교를 위해 꼭 알아야 할 주체사상 100문 100답(19)


Q: 주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하고 있나요?_북한의 백과사전이 말하는 수령 숭배심(2)

A: 북한의 권위 있는 출판물 중 하나는 『조선대백과사전』입니다. 『조선대백과사전』은 북한의 ‘백과사전출판사’에서 가장 최근에 출판한 백과사전이며, 출판 당시 김정일 위원장이 여러 번 방문하여 백과사전의 편집과 심의 과정을 지도한 것으로 알려져 있습니다. 2000년에 출판된 『조선대백과사전』 제15권에는 ‘숭배’라는 항목을 표제어로 올려놓고, 이에 대해 설명하고 있습니다. 우리는 이 항목에 대한 설명을 통해, 주체사상의 공식적인 ‘수령 숭배심’ 이해를 엿볼 수 있습니다.

『조선대백과사전』은 ‘숭배’에 대해, “믿고 따르는 마음으로부터 높이 우러러 존경하고 떠받드는 행동방식. 자기 운명을 생사기로에서 구원해준 은인을 절대적으로 믿고 몸과 마음을 다바쳐 받들고 따르는 것을 말한다. 숭배는 은인에게 진정으로 완전히 매혹되었을 때 생긴다. 그 어떤 도덕적 의무감이나 론리적인 사고의 귀결로서는 결코 숭배가 나올 수 없다”고 설명하고 있으며, 역사적으로 존재했던 비과학적인 숭배의 형태로 ‘신 숭배’, ‘자연 숭배’, ‘개인 숭배’를 예로 든 다음, “
가장 과학적이며 숭고한 숭배는 위대한 수령에 대한 혁명전사들, 인민대중의 숭배이다. 그것은 수령이 전사들에게 고귀한 사회정치적 생명을 안겨주고 자주적이며 창조적인 생활을 마련해주며 인민대중의 운명을 구원해주고 영원히 보살펴주는 위대한 은인이기 때문이다”라고 설명하고 있습니다. 진정한 운명의 구원자는 신이나 자연, 개인이나 기타 다른 존재가 아닌 ‘수령’이며, 수령의 구원행위에 대한 감사의 형식이 진정한 숭배라는 것입니다.

『조선대백과사전』은 뒤이어, 이러한 숭배의 내용적 특성에 대해서 언급하고 있는데, “수령에 대한 인민대중의 숭배는
수령의 사상의 위대성과 령도의 현명성, 고매한 덕성의 뜨거움에 대한 완전한 매혹으로부터 흘러나오는 가장 진실하고 깨끗하며 확고한 숭배이다”라고 설명하고 있습니다.
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우리 그리스도인들은, 북한의 주체사상 신봉자들이 ‘수령 숭배심’이라는 나름의 종교적 초월 경험을 가지고 있으며, 이에 대해 ‘수령’을 ‘운명의 구원자’이자 ‘영생의 부여자’로 여기고 받드는 ‘절대적인 매혹의 감정’이라고 고백한다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 주체사상 신봉자들의 이러한 고백은, 우리 그리스도인들이 ‘그리스도’를 우리 죄에서 우리를 구원하시는 ‘구원자’이자, 우리에게 영원히 죽지 아니하는 ‘영생’을 주시는 분으로 고백하는 것과 비교할 수 있습니다. 이러한 고백의 유사성에서 우리 그리스도인들은 북한의 주체사상 신봉자들과 대화의 접점을 찾아나갈 수 있을 것입니다.

물론, 북한 주체사상 신봉자들이 ‘구원자’로 고백하는 ‘수령’은 그 존재 자체가 세계 외적 기원을 가진 형이상학적 존재가 아니라, 철저히 역사 내재적 인물이라는 점에서, 주체사상의 초월 경험은 ‘역사-내재적 초월 경험’이라고 할 수 있고, 이러한 주체사상의 초월 경험이 우리 그리스도인들의 초월 경험과 완전히 일치한다고 볼 수는 없습니다.

그러나, 여러 다양한 초월 경험의 양상 중에서, 나의 초월 경험이 절대적 진리이고, 상대방의 초월 경험은 이러 저러한 이유로 거짓이라고 규정하는 독단적 태도에서 벗어날 때, 우리 그리스도인들은 북한의 주체사상 신봉자들 또한 우리 그리스도인들과 마찬가지로 ‘구원’을 갈망하고, ‘영생’을 희구하고 있으며, 자신들이 선택한 궁극적 대답인 ‘수령’의 존재에 대하여 ‘초월 경험’을 가지고 있다는 사실을 직시할 수 있을 것이며, 여기에서 상호 이해 증진을 위한 대화의 실마리를 찾아나갈 수 있을 것입니다.

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주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하고 있나요?(3)_북한의 『로동신문』이 말하는 수령 숭배심

기사승인 2019.01.24 17:50:45

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- 북한 선교를 위해 꼭 알아야 할 주체사상 100문 100답(20)


Q: 주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하고 있나요?(3)_북한의 『로동신문』이 말하는 수령 숭배심

A: 북한에서 가장 권위 있는 신문은 『로동신문』입니다. 『로동신문』은 북한의 유일집권당인 ‘조선로동당’ 중앙위원회의 기관지입니다. 따라서 『로동신문』에 배치되는 「사설」이나 「정론」, 「기고문」은 조선로동당 중앙위원회의 심의를 거친 공식적인 내용이라고 볼 수 있습니다. 『로동신문』에서 ‘김홍룡’의 이름으로 「믿고 따르는 품」이라는 제목의 수령 숭배심에 대한 기고문이 실린 시점은 1994년 7월 29일이며, 이 시점은 수령 김일성의 사후 20일이 되는 시점입니다. 수령 사후에 ‘수령 숭배심’에 대한 정식화의 필요성이 대두되었으며, 2000년 『조선대백과사전』을 통한 완결적 정식화 이전에 개인 필자의 기고문 형태로 정식화를 위한 탐색을 하였던 시기에 울려 나온 ‘수령 숭배심’에 대한 첫 일성이라고 할 수 있습니다. 기사의 배치가 3면이었다는 점은 『로동신문』 편집진이 이 기사를 매우 비중 있게 다루었다는 것을 짐작케 합니다.

김홍룡은 이 기고문을 통해, “우리 인민은 누구나 다 친애하는 지도자 김정일 동지를 운명의 구세주로 우러러 받들고 있다. 운명의 구세주! 여기에는 친애하는 지도자 김정일 동지의 품을 떠나서는 자기들의 삶도 행복도 있을 수 없다는 철석같은 믿음과 그 품에 자신들의 운명과 미래를 전적으로 맡기고 하늘 땅 끝까지 따르려는 우리 인민의 절대적인 숭배심이 뜨겁게 맥박치고 있다”라고 말한 뒤, “원래 인간의 믿음 가운데서도 가장 큰 믿음은 자기 운명을 책임져줄 운명의 구세주에 대한 믿음이다. 그것은 인간에게 있어 최대의 관심사가 다름 아닌 자기 운명에 대한 생각이기 때문이다. 그래서 인류가 삶의 깃을 펴기 시작하던 태고적부터 사람들은 자기의 운명을 건져 줄 구세주를 목마르게 기다려왔다”라고 설명하고 있습니다.

김홍룡은 이 기고문을 통해, 수령을 인간 ‘운명’의 ‘구세주’라고 고백하고 있으며, 이러한 구세주에 대한 대망이 ‘태고적’부터 존재한 인간의 궁극적 관심이라는 점을 인정하고 있는 것입니다. 우리 그리스도인들은 이러한 김홍룡의 고백을 통해, 북한의 주체사상 신봉자들도 ‘구원’에 대한 강한 갈망이 있으며, ‘누가 우리의 운명을 구원할 자인가?’에 대한 근원적 물음을 묻고 있었다는 사실을 알 수 있습니다. 물론 이 질문에 대해 주체사상 신봉자들이 찾아낸 대답은 우리 그리스도인들의 그것과는 다릅니다.

김홍룡은 ‘운명의 구세주’를 ‘수령’이라고 고백하고 있습니다. 김홍룡은 “우리 인민은 오직 친애하는 지도자 김정일 동지만을 믿는다.(…)우리 인민은 진정 친애하는 지도자 동지의 위대성에 완전히 매혹된 인민이다.”라고 고백하면서, “우리 인민들은 자기들에게 인간의 참된 삶을 피워주시고 운명을 맡아 지켜주시는 친애하는 지도자 동지를 절대적으로 숭배하며 끝없는 충성과 효성을 바쳐갈 것이다.”라고 다짐하고 있는 것입니다. 이러한 고백과 다짐을 보면서, 우리 그리스도인들은 북한의 주체사상 신봉자들이 말하는 ‘충성’과 ‘효성’이 단지 사회윤리나 가정윤리와 관련된 덕목에 그치는 것이 아니라, ‘수령 숭배심’과 깊은 연관을 가지고 있는 종교적 차원의 덕목임을 알 수 있습니다.

자녀가 있는 북한의 가정마다 흔히 걸려 있는 ‘충성동, 효자동’이라는 편액의 구절은, 단순히 자녀를 국가에 충성하고 부모에 효도하는 사람으로 길러내겠다는 뜻이 아니라,
자녀를 수령에게 충성을 다하고 수령에게 효성을 다하는 ‘수령 숭배심’에 가득찬 ‘수령의 전사’로 길러내겠다는 종교적 의지의 표현이라는 것입니다. 우리 그리스도인들이 자녀를 ‘주님의 용사’로 길러내겠다고 고백하듯이, 북한의 주체사상 신봉자들은 자신의 자녀들을 ‘수령의 전사’로 길러내겠다고 고백하고 있다는 것입니다.

김홍룡은 이어서, ‘수령 숭배심’이라는 ‘초월경험’을 공유하고 있는 주체사상 신봉자들의 공동체의 일치성과 영속성을 강조하고 있습니다. “령도자를 받드는 이처럼 더없이 맑고 고결한 마음은 오직 친애하는 지도자 동지를 운명의 구세주로 절대적으로 숭배하는 우리 인민만이 보여줄 수 있는 숭고한 정신세계이다.(…)령도자는 인민을 끝없이 아끼고 사랑하며 인민은 령도자를 운명의 구세주로 절대적으로 신뢰하고 따르는 우리 인민의 이 위대한 혼연일체를 깨뜨릴 힘은 이 세상에 없다.”고 토로하고 있는 것입니다.

우리 그리스도인들은 사도 시대로부터 그리스도를 머리로 하는 거룩하고 하나인 공교회에 대한 고백을 신조로 간직하고 있으며, 교회의 일치를 위해 지금도 노력하고 있습니다. 그리스도교의 교회는 오랜 역사 속에서 여러 갈래의 교단 분열이 있었으나, 본질적으로 ‘한 분 그리스도’와 ‘하나의 교회’를 고백하고 있듯이, 북한 주체사상 신봉자들도 ‘수령 숭배심’을 간직하고 수령을 머리(뇌수)로 삼아 수령과 연결된 수령-당-대중이라는 ‘혼연일체’의 일치성과 영속성에 대해 고백하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.


▲ 북한 기관지인 『로동신문』 ⓒGetty Image


정대일 연구실장(그리스도교-주체사상 대화연구소) jungsca@hanmail.net
주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하고 있나요?(4)_북한의 이론서가 말하는 수령 숭배심(1)

기사승인 2019.01.30 19:13:49


- 북한 선교를 위해 꼭 알아야 할 주체사상 100문 100답(21)


Q : 주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하고 있나요?(4)_북한의 이론서가 말하는 수령 숭배심 (1)

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A : 북한에서는 수령의 교시나 당의 정책과 관련한 각종 이론서들이 출판되고 있습니다. 이론서들을 출판하는 대표적인 출판사들로는 「조선로동당출판사」와 「사회과학출판사」를 들 수 있습니다. 이들 이론서들은 교시나 당정책을 좀 더 자세하게 부연하기 위한 역할도 수행하지만, 이론서들에서 주장된 내용들은 추후 교시화 과정에서 주요한 역할을 담당하기도 하기에, 북한 주체사상을 이해하는 데 있어 이론서들을 살펴보는 것은 의미 있는 작업이며, ‘수령 숭배심’을 이해하는 데 있어서도 마찬가지입니다.

1991년 「조선로동당출판사」에서 출판된 『수령의 공산주의적 덕성』이라는 이론서에서, 저자인 전용석은 수령 숭배심이 바로 ‘수령의 공산주의적 덕성’에서 비롯되는 것이라고 설명하고 있습니다. ‘수령의 공산주의적 덕성’ 속에는 수령의 위대한 인간적 풍모가 집대성 되어 있기 때문에, 그 덕성이 ‘매혹성’과 ‘감동성’을 띠게 되어 결국 수령에 대한 숭배로 이어지게 된다는 것입니다. 여기에서 전용석은, ‘수령의 공산주의적 덕성’에서 가장 중요한 것은 바로 ‘사랑’이며, ‘사랑’은 본질로부터 필연적으로 매혹의 감정을 야기시킨다고 설명하고 있습니다.

‘수령의 사랑’으로부터 ‘수령에 대한 매혹’이 일어나고, 이러한 ‘매혹의 감정’이 바로 ‘수령에 대한 숭배’로 이어지게 된다는 것입니다. 그러면 주체사상이 말하는 ‘수령의 사랑’이란 무엇일까요? 전용석은 ‘수령의 사랑’을 ‘믿고 귀중히 여기며 보살피고 도와주는 사상감정’이라고 설명하며, 이러한 수령의 사랑에 대해 자연스럽게 생겨나는 것이, ‘수령을 따르고 그리워하며 수령에게 온 정신과 마음이 이끌리는 매혹의 감정’이라고 말합니다.

‘수령 숭배심’을 직접적으로 유발하는 ‘매혹’에 대해 전용석은, ‘완전히 반한다’는 뜻으로 사람의 마음을 완전히 사로잡아 정신을 현혹하는 것이며, 어떤 대상에 대한 ‘매혹’은 ‘거기에 온 정신과 마음이 쏠려진 상태’라고 말합니다. ‘매혹된다’는 것은 모든 것을 다 잊어버리고 자기를 매혹시킨 그 대상만을 끝없는 환희와 열정을 가지고 따르며 그에게 ‘자기의 모든 마음과 정성을 다 바친다’는 것이라 말합니다. 전용석은 이러한 ‘매혹’의 감정을, ‘가장 아름답고 열정적인 감정’이며, 인간의 사상감정 가운데서 ‘가장 절절하고 숭고한 감정’이라고 정의하고 있습니다.

전용석은 ‘수령의 사랑’과 ‘수령에게 매혹된 인민’의 관계에 대해, ‘하나의 태양의 빛과 열 속에서 온갖 식물이 꽃이 피고 열매를 맺듯이 수령의 사랑의 품속에서 인민들은 인간의 참된 삶을 찾고 자기의 보람찬 운명을 개척하며, 이 사랑의 무한대한 폭과 깊이 앞에서 사람들은 끝없이 매혹되고 감동된다’고 설명하고 있습니다.

여기에서 우리는, 우리 그리스도인들이 하나님의 속성을 ‘사랑’으로 고백하고 ‘하나님은 사랑이시다’라고 고백하듯이, 북한 주체사상 신봉자들도 수령의 덕성의 핵심을 ‘사랑’이라고 고백하고 있다는 것과, 우리 그리스도인들이 우리를 사랑하셔서 우리의 ‘생명’을 ‘구원’해주시는 하나님을 ‘마음을 다하고 목숨을 다하고 뜻을 다하고 힘을 다하여’ 섬기고 사랑하듯이, 북한 주체사상 신봉자들도 그들을 ‘사랑’하여 그들의 ‘운명’을 ‘구원’해주는 ‘운명의 구세주’인 ‘수령’에 대해 ‘온 정신과 마음이 끌리는 매혹의 감정’에서 비롯된 ‘수령 숭배심’을 간직하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.


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주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하고 있나요?(4)_북한의 이론서가 말하는 수령 숭배심(1)

기사승인 2019.01.30 19:13:49

- 북한 선교를 위해 꼭 알아야 할 주체사상 100문 100답(21)


Q : 주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하고 있나요?(4)_북한의 이론서가 말하는 수령 숭배심 (1)

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A : 북한에서는 수령의 교시나 당의 정책과 관련한 각종 이론서들이 출판되고 있습니다. 이론서들을 출판하는 대표적인 출판사들로는 「조선로동당출판사」와 「사회과학출판사」를 들 수 있습니다. 이들 이론서들은 교시나 당정책을 좀 더 자세하게 부연하기 위한 역할도 수행하지만, 이론서들에서 주장된 내용들은 추후 교시화 과정에서 주요한 역할을 담당하기도 하기에, 북한 주체사상을 이해하는 데 있어 이론서들을 살펴보는 것은 의미 있는 작업이며, ‘수령 숭배심’을 이해하는 데 있어서도 마찬가지입니다.

1991년 「조선로동당출판사」에서 출판된 『수령의 공산주의적 덕성』이라는 이론서에서, 저자인 전용석은 수령 숭배심이 바로 ‘수령의 공산주의적 덕성’에서 비롯되는 것이라고 설명하고 있습니다. ‘수령의 공산주의적 덕성’ 속에는 수령의 위대한 인간적 풍모가 집대성 되어 있기 때문에, 그 덕성이 ‘매혹성’과 ‘감동성’을 띠게 되어 결국 수령에 대한 숭배로 이어지게 된다는 것입니다. 여기에서 전용석은, ‘수령의 공산주의적 덕성’에서 가장 중요한 것은 바로 ‘사랑’이며, ‘사랑’은 본질로부터 필연적으로 매혹의 감정을 야기시킨다고 설명하고 있습니다.

‘수령의 사랑’으로부터 ‘수령에 대한 매혹’이 일어나고, 이러한 ‘매혹의 감정’이 바로 ‘수령에 대한 숭배’로 이어지게 된다는 것입니다. 그러면 주체사상이 말하는 ‘수령의 사랑’이란 무엇일까요? 전용석은 ‘수령의 사랑’을 ‘믿고 귀중히 여기며 보살피고 도와주는 사상감정’이라고 설명하며, 이러한 수령의 사랑에 대해 자연스럽게 생겨나는 것이, ‘수령을 따르고 그리워하며 수령에게 온 정신과 마음이 이끌리는 매혹의 감정’이라고 말합니다.

‘수령 숭배심’을 직접적으로 유발하는 ‘매혹’에 대해 전용석은, ‘완전히 반한다’는 뜻으로 사람의 마음을 완전히 사로잡아 정신을 현혹하는 것이며, 어떤 대상에 대한 ‘매혹’은 ‘거기에 온 정신과 마음이 쏠려진 상태’라고 말합니다. ‘매혹된다’는 것은 모든 것을 다 잊어버리고 자기를 매혹시킨 그 대상만을 끝없는 환희와 열정을 가지고 따르며 그에게 ‘자기의 모든 마음과 정성을 다 바친다’는 것이라 말합니다. 전용석은 이러한 ‘매혹’의 감정을, ‘가장 아름답고 열정적인 감정’이며, 인간의 사상감정 가운데서 ‘가장 절절하고 숭고한 감정’이라고 정의하고 있습니다.

전용석은 ‘수령의 사랑’과 ‘수령에게 매혹된 인민’의 관계에 대해, ‘하나의 태양의 빛과 열 속에서 온갖 식물이 꽃이 피고 열매를 맺듯이 수령의 사랑의 품속에서 인민들은 인간의 참된 삶을 찾고 자기의 보람찬 운명을 개척하며, 이 사랑의 무한대한 폭과 깊이 앞에서 사람들은 끝없이 매혹되고 감동된다’고 설명하고 있습니다.

여기에서 우리는, 우리 그리스도인들이 하나님의 속성을 ‘사랑’으로 고백하고 ‘하나님은 사랑이시다’라고 고백하듯이, 북한 주체사상 신봉자들도 수령의 덕성의 핵심을 ‘사랑’이라고 고백하고 있다는 것과, 우리 그리스도인들이 우리를 사랑하셔서 우리의 ‘생명’을 ‘구원’해주시는 하나님을 ‘마음을 다하고 목숨을 다하고 뜻을 다하고 힘을 다하여’ 섬기고 사랑하듯이, 북한 주체사상 신봉자들도 그들을 ‘사랑’하여 그들의 ‘운명’을 ‘구원’해주는 ‘운명의 구세주’인 ‘수령’에 대해 ‘온 정신과 마음이 끌리는 매혹의 감정’에서 비롯된 ‘수령 숭배심’을 간직하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.

정대일 연구실장(그리스도교-주체사상 대화연구소) jungsca@hanmail.net

2019/02/06

정대일. 주체사상은 수령 숭배심에 대해 어떻게 설명하고 있나요

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A Quest for Meaning Film

A Quest for Meaning Film

February 24, 2018

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEmhr-jQzow



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STORY AT-A-GLANCE

“A Quest for Meaning” follows two childhood friends as they travel the globe in search for the meaning of life
Questions about the collective beliefs that have shaped Western civilization are investigated, as are the changes in consciousness we now see as more people are becoming inspired to live more in harmony with the natural world
For many, the way to reconnect with nature is through food — planting, tending, harvesting and eating what they’ve grown. Or, at the very least, knowing where the food comes from and how it was grown
A finite world cannot accommodate infinite consumption. The current system must be replaced with a new system that takes only that which is required, and returns to the earth something that supports the continued cycle of growth
Modern science tells us we’re not only interdependent with nature here on planet Earth, but we’re also interdependent with Universe as a whole. Quantum mechanics also tells us that there’s no way of breaking this unity

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By Dr. Mercola

The film, “A Quest for Meaning” follows two childhood friends as they travel the globe in search for the meaning of life. Questions about the collective beliefs that have shaped Western civilization are investigated, as are the changes in consciousness we now see as more and more people are becoming inspired to live more in harmony with themselves, each other, and the natural world.


Where do we, as humans, belong, if we’re not part of the natural world? And if we’re part of the natural world, how can we survive its destruction? 


The American Dream Needs an Overhaul

Marc, a bottled water salesman in New York City, was living the American dream. His job — convincing Americans that bottled water was a worthy luxury — paid well; he had everything he thought he wanted. After a 10-year separation, Nathanaël (the film’s director and cameraman) visits Marc in New York City. Thinking Marc seemed a bit out of place in this “high-life,” Nathanaël left him with several environmental documentaries “to shake him up a little bit.”

Marc admits he had no intention of watching any of them. But, as fate would have it, a broken foot left him with little else to do. Right after that, the financial meltdown of 2008 hit and, along with the rest of us, he realized that the greed of a few had placed the future of the entire planet in jeopardy. “I was now convinced that the system was incapable of providing a solution to the problems it had created,” he says. “And as a water salesman in Manhattan, I was also part of the problem.”

To ward off cynicism and depression, Marc left everything behind and began to search for the answers to his questions. On the way, he convinced Nathanaël to join him and record their travels, and together they set off on a journey that shook the foundations of their beliefs and the principles by which they lived. 


Without Nature, There Is No Life

In the film, their journey takes them to India, where locals have managed to revitalize the economy following the closing of mines by investing in agricultural education and tools. As followers of Gandhi, they promote the concept of “swaraj,” which is the idea that you are responsible for yourself and the world around you. You must be a good steward. To learn more about Gandhi and his views on economy, they attend a seminar on “Gandhi and Globalization” held by Dr. Vandana Shiva.

Originally trained as a physicist, Shiva became involved in a movement to protect the forests of the Himalayas. She began writing about ecological problems, and the rest, as they say, is history. Shiva is now one of the most well-recognized faces of the organic farming movement.

“Things are changing,” she says, “but they’re changing in the wrong direction because the most prominent change is driven by giant corporations [that] are turning everything into a commodity. There’s no people, no nature, no culture, no values. The change we need is a change that helps us recognize that if we continue on this present path … humanity will annihilate the conditions for its living on this planet.”

As noted by Shiva, large corporations are very good at eliminating small farmers, but they have no viable plan for how to feed the world once all small farmers are gone. “Recognition that nature is the condition of our being alive is the shift we need to make. We have to stop thinking about nature as wilderness, and think of it as the condition for life,” she says.

For many, the way they reconnect with nature is through food — planting, tending, harvesting and eating what they’ve grown. Or, at the very least, it’s knowing where the food comes from and how it was grown, “making sure nature’s contribution has not been abused by corporate greed.” In other words, it’s about making sure the food you buy has not been genetically engineered (GE) or doused with chemicals that destroy the environment and harm wildlife and the farmers themselves.

One of the most harmful effects of GE seeds is often overlooked. By making seed sharing illegal, large GE seed corporations have made farmers completely dependent on their GE seeds — and the chemicals designed to accompany them.

The financial strain has led to an epidemic of farmer suicides in India, as crop failures can quickly lead to financial ruin, burying the farmers in debt they cannot pay off. Historically, you could always trade seeds with your neighbors, but patented seeds must be bought anew each year, and prices just keep going up.

Creating a Cyclical Economy

As noted in the film, “You cannot have unlimited economic growth on a limited planet. You cannot have infinite growth in a finite world.” The current system cannot be fixed; it must be replaced with a new system that takes only that which is required, and returns to the earth something that supports the continued cycle of growth.

Shiva notes that nowadays we hear a lot about “green consumerism,” but what needs to be questioned is the very idea of consumerism itself. “The reduction of our identities to that of consumers is part of the problem,” she says. “Recovery of our identities — as creators, users and makers of things — is part of the solution.” Part of this also involves regaining respect for physical work, which you gain when working in the fields or in your garden, growing your food.

The common view that corporations are our sole means of support is equally fallacious. We don’t need corporations to live, eat and put a roof over our head. Nature — fields, forests, plants, rivers, rain — and human communities working together, are what provide lasting security and generate livelihood. “Money is just a means of exchange, it’s not real security. So, people don’t need to fear.”


 Shiva adds:

“Overall, my vision of another economy is, in every place, people producing in sustainable ways, generating livelihoods and meeting their needs. Decentralized economies everywhere … [not this] crazy world where everything has to be manufactured in China, and everywhere else people sit unemployed.

And because they’re unemployed and have no money, the only place they can shop is at a Walmart, because they bring their stuff from China and sell cheap. What we need is a shift from this idea of false cheapness that has a very high cost for the planet and people, to an idea of authentic affordability [with] low cost for the planet and low cost for the people.” 


‘Reformatting the Hard Drive’

While Marc set out to make a film about alternative lifestyles, just a few days at Shiva’s ashram completely changed how he viewed the world. “It completely reformatted my hard drive,” he says. “Blinded by progress and technology, [the Western world] has completely lost touch with the essential things in life.” These essentials include not only respect for the natural world, but also the spiritual world.

An Indian yoga teacher stresses the idea that modern science and spiritual science are not mutually exclusive, but need to be balanced because, while you can buy the things you need, you cannot buy happiness. That you must find and generate from within, and there are spiritual principles, spiritual sciences, that can help you find what you’re looking for.

From India, the journey continues to France, where they interview a farmer who again stresses the importance of reconnecting with nature. They also talk to a sociologist who reviews the history of human connection to nature. While man’s fate used to be closely intertwined with nature and hinged on the ability to live in harmony with natural laws, over time we learned to dominate nature, and our dominance eventually led to our becoming disconnected from it. 


Connecting Mind-Body-Spirit — Becoming a Human Being Rather Than Being a Human Doer

In Mexico, the pair investigate Central American culture and spirituality, and talk to a medicine man who points out that societal change always begins with individual change. We have become indoctrinated by corporate advertising and have largely forgotten how to think properly. For example, if you do not want to be ill, you must stop thinking about how to treat disease and start thinking about what it takes to be healthy. Thoughts are a creative force, so be mindful of where you place your focus.

The investigation into consciousness and self-awareness continues in Guatemala, where they speak to Chaty Secaira, a meditation instructor and mystic, about the nature of reality. “We see only one side of creation,” she says. “We see only what is visible. But there’s a whole other side that is invisible, that can only be seen with the eyes of the soul. You have to open your heart and open your mind in order to allow this level of perception.”

Meditation is one way of connecting with your authentic self and the invisible part of creation, and the filmmakers set out on a rigorous spiritual program of meditation and fasting in the Guatemalan jungle. “Inside every person, there is some of [the] divine element,” Secaira says. “Our mission is to unify ourselves with this divine element.” 


Science Confirms Our Interdependence

Back in San Francisco, the pair follow the path of reason, searching for answers in modern science. Astrophysicist Trinh Xuan Thuan agrees to answer a few of their questions. “Twentieth-century science has only just discovered, or rediscovered, what Buddhism has been telling us for 2,500 years, namely the concept of interdependence,” Thuan says. “Everything is connected.”

Ever since the 1950s, scientists have increasingly been confronted with evidence that we are “made of stardust; we are children of the stars.” The atoms that make up your body “are made from the nuclear reactions of the stars.” According to Thuan, “If it weren’t for the stars, we wouldn’t even exist.” What this means is that we’re not only interdependent with nature here on planet Earth, we’re also interdependent with the universe as a whole.
Quantum mechanics also tells us that there’s no way of breaking this intrinsic unity. Once two particles have interacted, you cannot break their connection. Separate them by millions of light years, and they still respond in tandem; what happens to one happens to the other — instantaneously, and without any information transfer between them.

In other words, there is only one thing in this universe, and we are all “it.” “The conclusion I draw from this is that science is not the only way to observe reality,” Thuan says. “There are other windows into reality.” 


The Root of the Problem

Cassandra Vieten, director of the Institute of Noetic Sciences, adds, “Many of the problems we face … are grounded in limitations in our human consciousness.” While egotism is rampant, we’ve not taken it to the next logical step, which is to realize that self-preservation demands that we include everyone, not just a few that we deem worthy.


“Inequity of resources, violence, war, climate change — they spring from the way we view the world,” Vieten says. She also points out that we typically don’t realize we’re looking at the world through our own filter, our own world view; we simply believe we’re seeing the truth. One of the things contemplative practices such as meditation allows us to do is recognize that “thoughts are just thoughts, beliefs are just beliefs, and they’re not truly who we are. They’re just … working hypotheses.”

She gives the following example: During meditation, you may come to realize that you view the world as a dangerous place, and that this view has colored your actions since childhood. This insight then offers you the opportunity to choose to see differently; to shift your world view. What if the world isn’t a dangerous place? Then what would I see, think and do?

This kind of self-awareness automatically leads to shifts in thought patterns and behavior. Values change, and along with it, your relationship to yourself and others change too. “Listening to Cassandra … I realized the beliefs I had built my life on had totally collapsed during this trip,” Marc says.

“They had been replaced by new hypotheses, like the gut feeling that the world is not just made of matter, [and] that chasing after money and social status leads us away from what is really important.” However, the world around him didn’t conform to these new ways of looking at the world. Everywhere he looked, he saw messages “inciting people to consume and pollute.” 


How Collective Beliefs Take Shape

The next stop on their journey is a visit to Bruce Lipton, Ph.D., who discusses how collective beliefs emerge and take shape. In a nutshell, there are three perennial questions that drive collective world views:

  • How did we get here? 
  • Why are we here? 
  • How do we make the best of it? 

When the population accepts the answers to these questions provided by some authority, that authority by default becomes the “truth provider” to all other worldly questions as well. The church was the truth provider for a long time, and the spiritual reality was paramount. Once science began providing the answers, the spiritual world was relegated to the proverbial broom closet.

Science said, you don’t need spirituality because the world is just a big machine. There’s no evidence “spirit” is anywhere to be found. We got here through random mutations, and there’s no purpose for our being here since the whole of creation was a big accident. To top it off, we were given the evolutionary theory of “survival of the fittest.” It’s a tough, mean world out there and you have to fight to survive. So, life became all about the struggle to get to the top and stay there. The world of today is the end result of these beliefs.

Fortunately, these beliefs are now changing. We’re starting to see that we got here through adaptive mutations — the ability of an organism to adapt to its environment. Since we’re an interdependent part of nature, it becomes obvious that, as creative thinkers, we are here to create and maintain harmony, and that the only way we can survive is through cooperation. Competition and separatism is what’s killing us, both individually and as a collective.

We still live in an oligarchy where a few people make a lot of important decisions, most if not all of which are driven by capitalism. These rulers naturally promote their own continuation, but their days are numbered. Slowly but surely, we’re starting to transition into a whole new world view built on cooperation and interdependence. It’s up to you to be this change. As Marc says, “To change the world, you have to change your vision of it. And in order for this change to take place, we are all called to evolve.”



About the Filmmakers

I believe in bringing quality to my readers, which is why I wanted to share some information about the creators, Marc De La Ménardière and Nathanaël Coste, from "A Quest for Meaning." We sat down to learn a little more about what goes in to making these films. Thank you to De La Ménardière and Coste for sharing with us.

What was your inspiration for making this film?

A Quest for Meaning is first and foremost the story of two childhood friends who meet again after 10 years. Marc exports bottled water from New York, whereas Nathanaël works in water collective management. After the 2008 economic crisis and a documentary therapy, Marc realizes that he is also a part of the problem.

Where do the proceeds to your film go?

Proceeds will help to continue distributing the film and to finance the production of other independent films full of meaning.