2022/11/27

David Grubbs: Reading the Bible as Literature


David Grubbs: Reading the Bible as Literature

Seedbed
37K subscribers

Subscribe

35


Share

3,656 views  Mar 2, 2016
DOWNLOAD THE PDF GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE
https://my.seedbed.com/product/the-bi...

Dr. David Grubbs, Houston Baptist University, Christian Humanist Podcast

The Bible is a gift from God that announces the good news of Jesus Christ to all of creation. It is also a remarkable book that collects diverse pieces of literature spanning thousands of years and numerous genres. In light of these truths, the church should read the Bible as more than literature but never less than literature. This practice means being attentive to the special ways in which the human authors shaped their texts, and honoring these texts as the powerful instruments by which God is shaping us into his people.

Seedbed's mission is to gather, connect, and resource the people of God to sow for a great awakening. // Find out more and join the awakening journey! https://seedbed.com


Learn more: https://seedbed.com
Transcript
Follow along using the transcript.


Show transcript
5 Comments
Sejin Lifeforce 生命
Add a comment...
jaden rossignol
jaden rossignol
3 years ago
Thank you so much for this video! Ive had a few sour faces when ive explained i read and analyze the bible as a book beautifully written and read it from the eyes of a writer learning new ways of expression. Its such a wholesomely beautiful book that gives you stories and accounts so magnificent, it gives you something to look up to 😊



Reply

Good Book Reader
Good Book Reader
6 years ago
Hello, and thanks for this video. When I first clicked to watch this video, I was kind of nervous about what would be said, but I was pleasantly surprised. Although I am unsure about the human wordsmith part, I like the respect and sense of beauty that Mr. Grubbs conveyed concerning the Bible. That was good to hear, and perhaps next time I read Psalms or Ruth I will think about what he said. Thank again.



Reply

The Priest Pucci
The Priest Pucci
1 year ago
I think the bible and old texts in general would actually be very important to read to everyone who seeks knowledge as it gives us a view on how people lived back then and also on many ancient Civilisations and the nature of the Human mind.



Reply

The Master Works of Western Civilization

The Master Works of Western Civilization

The Master Works of Western Civilization

A hypertext-annotated compilation of lists of major works recommended by Drs. Adler and Eliot, Charles Van Doren, Anthony Burgess, Clifton Fadiman, the Easton Press, and many others

Contents

Return to Mason West's Home Page

The interactive version of the Master Works of Western Civilization Web page is now in the prototype stage. Features and data are still being added, but the page is interesting and useful as it now stands. Try it out.


Introduction

Several publishers, writers, and thinkers have drawn lists of the quintessential works of Western Civilization. This page presents several such lists along with links to the texts available on the Web.

The table below contains three of the lists. Other lists are collected below the table. Maybe someday I'll collate all these lists into a single table -- but you know how Web page work goes -- maybe I won't.

Dr. Mortimer Adler, who edited The Great Books of the Western World at the University of Chicago, believed that by reading his selections you would obtain a thorough liberal arts education.

For more information about books available on the Web and by FTP and gopher, see Carnegie-Mellon's On-Line Books, the service I used to generate many of the links on this page. collections of electronic textsProject Gutenberg has blazed the path for making classic literature available electronically and they are responsible for many texts referenced here.


The Master Works of Western Civilization

AuthorThe Great Books of the Western WorldThe Easton PressDr. Eliot
Ancient
God, Moses, Jesus, Paul et aliaThe Bible
Homer (c. 850 B.C.E. ?)The Iliad and The OdysseyThe Iliad and The Odyssey
Confucius (551-479 B.C.E.)Analects
Aeschylus (c. 525- c. 456 B.C.E.)PlaysPlays
Sophocles (c. 496-c. 405 B.C.E.)plays, including:Oedipus Rex
Herodotus (c. 485-425 B.C.E.)The History
Euripides (480 or 484-406 B.C.E.)plays, including:plays (see list at left)
Thucydides (c. 460-c. 400 B.C.E.)The History of the Peloponesian War
Hippocrates (c. 460?-377 or 359 B.C.E.)works, including Aphorisms
Aristophanes (c. 448- c. 388 B.C.E.)plays, includingThe Birds and The Frogs
Plato (c. 427-c. 347 B.C.E.)works, including:The Republic and SymposiumApologyCrito, and Phaedo
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.)works, including:Politics
Euclid (taught c. 300 B.C.E.)The Elements
Archimedes (c. 287-212 B.C.E.)works
Apollonius of Perga (fl 250-220 B.C.E.)On Conic Sections
Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.)Letters
Nicomachus of GerasaIntroduction to Arithmetic
Lucretius (c. 99-55 B.C.E.)On the Nature of Things
Virgil (70-19 B.C.E.)The EcologuesThe Georgics, and The AeneidThe AeneidThe Aeneid
Livy (59 B.C.E.-17 C.E.)History of Early Rome
First through Fifth Centuries
Epictetus (c. 50-?)The DiscoursesGolden Sayings
Plutarch (c. 46-c. 120)The Lives of the Noble Grecians and RomansThe Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
P. Cornelius Tacitus (c. 55-120)The Annals and The Histories
Pliny, the Younger (62-c. 114)Letters
Ptolemy (c. 90-168)The Almagest
Marcus Aurelius (121-180)The MeditationsMeditations
Galen (c. 130-201)On the Natural Faculties
Plotinus (205-270)The Six Enneads
Saint Augustine (354-430)ConfessionsThe City of God, and On Christian DoctrineConfessionsConfessions
Sixth through Tenth Centuries
Eleventh through Fourteenth Centuries
Omar Khayyam (c. 1050-c. 1123)The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)Summa Theologica
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)The Divine ComedyThe Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy
Boccaccio (1313-1375)The Decameron
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1345-1400)The Canterbury Tales and Troilus and CressidaThe Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales
Thomas à Kempis (1379-1471)The Imitation of Christ
Fifteenth Century
Nicolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)The PrinceThe Prince
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Francois Rabelais (1494?-1553?)Gargantua and Pantagruel
Sixteenth Century
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533-1592)Essays
William Gilbert (1540-1603)On the Loadstone and Magnetic Bodies
Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)The History of Don Quixote de la ManchaThe History of Don Quixote de la Mancha
Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)Advancement of LearningNovum Organum, and New AtlantisEssaysNew Atlantis and Essays
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)WorksWorks
Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)Doctor Faustus
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)Dialogues Concerning the Two New Sciences
Thomas Middleton (c. 1570-1627)The Changeling (see: The Plays of Thomas Middleton)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)Epitome of Copernican Astronomy and The Harmonies of the World
Ben Jonson (1572-1637)Volpone
John Donne (1572?-1631)Poems, including Devotions
William Harvey (1578-1657)On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in AnimalsOn the Circulation of the Blood, and On the Generation of Animals
John Webster (c. 1580-c. 1625)The Duchess of Malfi
Francis Beaumont (1584-1616) & John Fletcher (1579-1625)The Maid's Tragedy
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)Leviathan
Izaak Walton (1593-1683)The Compleat AnglerThe Life of John Donne, and The Life of George Herbert
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)Rules for the Direction of the MindDiscourse on the MethodMeditations on First PhilosophyObjections Against the Meditations and Replies, and The Geometry
Seventeenth Century
Thomas Browne (1605-1682)Religio Medici
John Milton (1608-1674)minor poems, Paradise LostSamson Agonistes, and AreopagiticaParadise LostAreopagitica and Tractate on Education
Moliere (1622-1673)Plays
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)works, including: Pensees and Provincial Letters
John Bunyan (1628-1688)Pilgrim's ProgressPilgrim's Progress
Christiaan Huygens (1629-1693)Treatise on Light
John Dryden (1631-1700)All for Love
John Locke (1632-1704)essays, including
Benedict de Spinoza (1632-1677)Ethics
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and Optics
William Penn (1644-1718)Fruits of Solitude
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)Journal of the Plague Year and Robinson Crusoe
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)Gulliver's TravelsGulliver's Travels
George Berkeley (1685-1753)The Principles of Human Knowledge A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)The Spirit of Laws
Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire (1694-1778)Candide
Eighteenth Century
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
Henry Fielding (1707-1754)The History of Tom Jones, A FoundlingThe History of Tom Jones, A Foundling
David Hume (1711-1776)An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)A Discourse on the Origin of InequalityA Discourse on Political Economy, and The Social ContractConfessions
Laurence Sterne (1713-1768)The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gent.The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gent.
Laurence Sterne (1713-1768)Tristam Shandy
John Woolmann (1720-1772)Journal of John Woolman
Adam Smith(1723-1790)An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsAn Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)The Critique of Pure ReasonFundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, and other works
Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774)She Stoops to Conquer
Thomas Paine (1737-1809)Rights of Man
Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
James Boswell (1740-1795)The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794)Elements of Chemistry
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)FaustFaustFaust
Alexander Hamilton(1757-1804), James Madison (1751-1836), and John Jay (1745-1829)The FederalistThe Federalist
Robert Burns (1759-1796)Tam O'Shanter
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)The Philosophy of Right and The Philosophy of History [Also: Phenomenology of Mind]
Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832)Ivanhoe and Talisman
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1772-1837)Analytical Theory of Heat
Jane Austen (1775-1817)Pride and Prejudice
American State PapersThe Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and The Constitution
Washington Irving (1783-1859)Alhambra
Stendhal (1783-1842)Red and the Black
The Brothers Grimm (Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm, 1785-1863, and Wilhelm Carl Grimm, 1786-1859)Grimm's Fairy Tales
James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)The Last of the Mohicans
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)Experimental Researches in Electricity
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)The Cenci
John Keats (1795-1821)Poetical Works
Nineteenth Century
Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870)The Three Musketeers [Available on the Web is The Man in the Iron Mask.]
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)EssaysEssays and English Traits
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)The Scarlet Letter
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)Becket
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)The Origin of Species [Also available on the Web is The Voyage of the Beagle.]The Origin of Species and The Descent of ManThe Origin of Species
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)Tales of Mystery and Imagination [See Selected Works of Poe.]
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin
William M. Thackeray (1811-1863)Vanity Fair
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)David CopperfieldGreat Expectations, Short Stories, and A Tale of Two Cities [Also available by Dickens on the Web are: A Christmas CarolThe Chimes, and The Cricket on the Hearth.]
Robert Browning (1812-1889)poems, several of which are in Dramatic Lyrics [Also see: Introduction to Robert Browning.]A Blot in the 'Scutcheon
Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855)Jane Eyre
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)Walden
Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883)Fathers and Sons
Emily Bronte (1818-1848)Wuthering Heights
Karl Marx (1818-1883)Capital
Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)Manifesto of the Communist Party
Walt Whitman (1819-1891)Leaves of Grass
George Eliot (1819-1880)The Mill on the Floss [Also available on the Web are Middlemarch: a study of provincial life and Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe.]
Herman Melville (1819-1891)Moby Dick; or, the WhaleMoby Dick; or, the Whale
Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867)Flowers of Evil
Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880)Madame Bovary
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881)The Brothers KaramzovThe Brothers Karamzov and Crime and Punishment
Count Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)War and PeaceAnna Karenina and War and Peace
Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)plays, including Peer Gynt and The Wild Duck
Jules Verne (1828-1905)Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea
Sir Richard Burton (1829-1890)Tales from the Arabian NightsTales from the Arabian Nights
Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)Alice's Adventures in Wonderland [Also available on the Web are:
Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888)Little Women
Mark Twain (1835-1910)Huckleberry Finn
Samuel Butler (1835-1902)The Way of All Flesh
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)Jude the Obscure and Return of the Native
William James (1842-1910)The Principles of Psychology
Henry James (1843-1916)Portrait of a Lady
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894)Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Treasure Island
Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893)Tales
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)Short Stories [Also available on the Web are The Importance of Being EarnestThe Picture of Dorian Gray, and Poems.]
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)The Origin and Development of PsychoanalysisSelected Papers on HysteriaThe Sexual Enlightenment of ChildrenThe Future Prospects of Psychoanalytic Therapy, and other essays
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)plays
Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)Heart of Darkness and Lord Jim [Also available on the Web are: The Secret AgentThe Secret Sharer, and The Shadow Line.]
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930)The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Anton Chekkov (1860-1904)plays
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)The Jungle Book
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)poems
Stephen Crane (1871-1900)The Red Badge of Courage
Jack London (1876-1916)Sea Wolf
James Joyce (1882-1941)A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Aldous Huxley (1894-1963)Brave New World
Twentieth Century
John Steinbeck (1902-1968)Of Mice and Men

Other Reading Lists

    Return to top
  • A Recommended Reading List

    from Appendix A of How to Read a Book, by Mortimer Adler and Charles Van Doren The Liberal Studies Great Books Program at Malaspina University-College bases its program on the list of Drs. Adler and Van Doren.
    1. Homer (9th Century B.C.?)
      Iliad
      Odyssey
    2. The Old Testament
    3. Aeschylus (c.525-456 B.C.)
      Tragedies
    4. Sophocles (c.495-406 B.C.)
      Tragedies
    5. Herodotus (c.484-425 B.C.)
      History
    6. Euripides (c.485-406 B.C.)
      Tragedies
    7. Thucydides (c.460-400 B.C.)
      History of the Peloponnesian War
    8. Hippocrates (c.460-377? B.C.)
      Medical Writings
    9. Aristophanes (c.448-380 B.C.)
      Comedies
    10. Plato (c.427-347 B.C.)
      Dialogues
    11. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
      Works
    12. Epicurus (c.341-270 B.C.)
      ``Letter to Herodotus'' ``Letter to Menoecus''
    13. Euclid (fl.c. 300 B.C.)
      Elements
    14. Archimedes (c.287-212 B.C.)
      Works
    15. Apollonius of Perga (fl.c.240 B.C.)
      Conic Sections
    16. Cicero (106-43 B.C.)
      Works
    17. Lucretius (c.95-55 B.C.)
      On the Nature of Things
    18. Virgil (70-19 B.C.)
      Works
    19. Horace (65-8 B.C.)
      Works
    20. Livy (59 B.C.--A.D. 17)
      History of Rome
    21. Ovid (43 B.C.--A.D. 17)
      Works
    22. Plutarch (c.45-120)
      Parallel Lives
      Moralia
    23. Tacitus (c.55-117)
      Histories
      Annals
      Agricola
      Germania
    24. Nicomachus of Gerasa (fl.c. 100 A.D.)
      Introduction to Arithmetic
    25. Epictetus (c.60-120)
      Discourses
      Encheiridion
    26. Ptolemy (c.100-170; fl. 127-151)
      Almagest
    27. Lucian (c.120-c.190)
      Works
    28. Marcus Aurelius (121-180)
      Meditations
    29. Galen (C. 130-200)
      On the Natural Faculties
    30. The New Testament
    31. Plotinus (205-270)
      The Enneads
    32. St. Augustine (354-430)
      On the Teacher
      Confessions
      City of God
      On Christian Doctrine
    33. The Song of Roland
      (12th century?)

    34. The Nibelungenlied
      (13th century?)

      (Volsunga Saga
      as Scandinavian version)
    35. The Saga of Burnt Njal
    36. St. Thomas Aquinas (c.1225-1274)
      Summa Theologica
    37. Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
      The New Life
      On Monarchy
      The Divine Comedy
    38. Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1340-1400)
      Troilus and Criseyde
      The Canterbury Tales
    39. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
      Notebooks
    40. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
      The Prince
      Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy
    41. Desiderius Erasmus (c.1469-1536)
      The Praise of Folly
    42. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
      On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
    43. Sir Thomas More (c.1478-1535)
      Utopia
    44. Martin Luther (1483-1546)
      Table Talk
      Three Treatises
    45. Francois Rabelais (c.1495-1553)
      Gargantua and Pantagruel
    46. John Calvin (1509-1564)
      Institutes of the Christian Religion
    47. Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)
      Essays
    48. William Gilbert (1540-1603)
      On the Loadstone and Magnetic Bodies
    49. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)
      Don Quixote
    50. Edmund Spenser (c.1552-1599)
      Prothalamion
      The Faerie Queene
    51. Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
      Essays
      Advancement of Learning
      Novum Organum
      New Atlantis
    52. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
      Poetry and Plays
    53. Galieo Galilei (1564-1642)
      The Starry Messenger
      Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences
    54. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
      Epitome of Copernican Astronomy
      Concerning the Harmonies of the World
    55. William Harvey (1578-1657)
      On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals
      On the Circulation of the Blood
      On the Generation of Animals
    56. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
      The Leviathan
    57. Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
      Rules for the Direction of the Mind
      Discourse on the Method
      Geometry
      Meditations on First Philosophy
    58. John Milton (1608-1674)
      Works
    59. Moliere (1622-1673)
      Comedies
    60. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
      The Provincial Letters
      Pensees
      Scientific Treatises
    61. Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695)
      Treatise on Light
    62. Benedict de Spinoza (1632-1677)
      Ethics
    63. John Locke (1632-1704)
      Letter Concerning Toleration
      ``Of Civil Government''
      Essay Concerning Human Understanding
      Thoughts Concerning Education
    64. Jean Baptiste Racine (1639-1699)
      Tragedies
    65. Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
      Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
      Optics
    66. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716)
      Discourse on Metaphysics
      New Essays Concerning Human Understanding
      Monadology
    67. Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)
      Robinson Crusoe
    68. Jonathon Swift (1667-1745)
      A Tale of a Tub
      Journal to Stella
      Gulliver's Travels
      A Modest Proposal
    69. William Congreve (1670-1729)
      The Way of the World
    70. George Berkeley (1685-1753)
      Principles of Human Knowledge
    71. Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
      Essay on Criticism
      Rape of the Lock
      Essay on Man
    72. Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
      Persian Letters
      Spirit of Laws
    73. Voltaire (1694-1778)
      Letters on the English
      Candide
      Philosophical Dictionary
    74. Henry Fielding (1707-1754)
      Joseph Andrews
      Tom Jones
    75. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
      The Vanity of Human Wishes
      Dictionary
      Rasselas
      The Lives of the Poets
    76. David Hume (1711-1776)
      Treatise on Human Nature
      Essays Moral and Political
      An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding
    77. Jean Jaques Rousseau (1712-1778)
      On the Origin of Inequality
      On the Political Economy
      Emile
      The Social Contract
    78. Laurence Sterne (1713-1768)
      Tristram Shandy
      A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy
    79. Adam Smith (1723-1790)
      The Theory of Moral Sentiments
      Wealth of Nations
    80. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
      Critique of Pure Reason
      Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals
      Critique of Practical Reason
      The Science of Right
      Critique of Judgment
      Perpetual Peace
    81. Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)
      The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
      Autobiography
    82. James Boswell (1740-1795)
      Journal Life of Samuel Johnson, Ll.D.
    83. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794)
      Elements of Chemistry
    84. John Jay (1745-1829), James Madison (1751-1836), and Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804)
      Federalist Papers
      (together with Articles of Confederation, Constitution of the United States, and Declaration of Independence)
    85. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
      Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
      Theory of Fictions
    86. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
      Faust
      Poetry and Truth
    87. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830)
      Analytical Theory of Heat
    88. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
      Phenomenology of Spirit
      Philosophy of Right
      Lectures on the Philosophy of History
    89. William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
      Poems
    90. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)
      Poems Biographia Literaria
    91. Jane Austen (1775-1817)
      Pride and Prejudice
      Emma
    92. Karl von Clausewitz (1780-1831)
      On War
    93. Stendhal (1783-1842)
      The Red and the Black
      The Charterhouse of Parma
      On Love
    94. George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824)
      Don Juan
    95. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
      Studies in Pessimism
    96. Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
      Chemical History of a Candle
      Experimental Researches in Electricity
    97. Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
      Principles of Geology
    98. Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
      The Positive Philosophy
    99. Honore de Balzac (1799-1850)
      Pere Goriot
      Eugenie Grandet
    100. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
      Representative Men
      Essays
      Journal
    101. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
      The Scarlet Letter
    102. Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859)
      Democracy in America
    103. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
      A System of Logic
      On Liberty
      Representative Government
      Utilitarianism
      The Subjection of Women
      Autobiography
    104. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
      The Origin of Species
      The Descent of Man
      Autobiography
    105. Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
      Works
    106. Claude Bernard (1813-1878)
      Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
    107. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
      Civil Disobedience
      Walden
    108. Karl Marx (1818-1883)
      Capital
      (together with Communist Manifesto)
    109. George Eliot (1819-1880)
      Adam Bede
      Middlemarch
    110. Herman Melville (1819-1891)
      Moby Dick
      Billy Budd
    111. Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881)
      Crime and Punishment
      The Idiot
      The Brothers Karamazov
    112. Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880)
      Madame Bovary
      Three Stories
    113. Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)
      Plays
    114. Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)
      War and Peace
      Anna Karenina
      What is Art?
      Twenty-Three Tales
    115. Mark Twain (1835-1910)
      The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
      The Mysterious Stranger
    116. William James (1842-1910)
      The Principles of Psychology
      The Varieties of Religious Experience
      Pragamatism
      Essays in Radical Empiricism
    117. Henry James (1843-1916)
      The American
      The Ambassadors
    118. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900)
      Thus Spoke Zarathustra
      Beyond Good and Evil
      The Geneology of Morals
      The Will to Power
    119. Jules Henri Poincare (1854-1912)
      Science and Hypothesis
      Science and Method
    120. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
      The Interpretation of Dreams
      Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
      Civilization and Its Discontents
      New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
    121. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
      Plays and Prefaces
    122. Max Planck (1858-1947)
      Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory
      Where Is Science Going?
      Scientific Autobiography
    123. Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
      Time and Free Will
      Matter and Memory
      Creative Evolution
      The Two Sources of Morality and Religion
    124. John Dewey (1859-1952)
      How We Think
      Democracy and Education
      Experience and Nature
      Logic, the Theory of Inquiry
    125. Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
      An Introduction to Mathematics
      Science and the Modern World
      The Aims of Education and Other Essays
      Adventures of Ideas
    126. George Santayana (1863-1952)
      The Life of Reason
      Skepticism and Animal Faith
      Persons and Places
    127. Nikolai Lenin (1870-1924)
      The State and Revolution
    128. Marcel Proust (1871-1922)
      Remembrance of Things Past
    129. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
      The Problems of Philosophy
      The Analsysis of Mind
      An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth
      Human Knowledge; Its Scope and Limits
    130. Thomas Mann (1875-1955)
      The Magic Mountain
      Joseph and His Brothers
    131. Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
      The Meaning of Relativity
      On the Method of Theoretical Physics
      The Evolution of Physics (with L. Infeld)
    132. James Joyce (1882-1941)
      ``The Dead'' in Dubliners
      Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
      Ulysses
    133. Jaques Maritain (1882- )
      Art and Scholasticism
      The Degrees of Knowledge
      The Rights of Man and Natural Law
      True Humanism
    134. Franz Kafka (1883-1924)
      The Trial
      The Castle
    135. Arnold Toynbee (1889- )
      A Study of History
      Civilization on Trial
    136. Jean Paul Sartre (1905- )
      Nausea
      No Exit
      Being and Nothingness
    137. Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn (1918- )
      The First Circle
      The Cancer Ward

    Return to top
  • The Library of America

    1. Herman Melville, TypeeOmooMardi
    2. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Tales and Sketches
    3. Walt Whitman, Poetry and Prose
    4. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Three Novels
    5. Mark Twain, Mississippi Writings
    6. Jack London, Novels and Stories
    7. Jack London, Novels and Social Writings
    8. William Dean Howells, Novels 1875-1886
    9. Herman Melville, RedburnWhite-JacketMoby Dick
    10. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Novels
    11. Francis Parkman, France and England in North America, vol. I
    12. Francis Parkman, France and England in North America, vol. II
    13. Henry James, Novels 1871-1880
    14. Henry Adams, NovelsMont Sant MichelThe Education
    15. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Essays and Lectures
    16. Washington Irving, History, Tales, and Sketches
    17. Thomas Jefferson, Writings
    18. Stephen Crane, Prose and Poetry
    19. Edgar Allan Poe, Poetry and Tales
    20. Edgar Allan Poe, Essays and Reviews
    21. Mark Twain, The Innocents AbroadRoughing It
    22. Henry James, Essays, American & English Writers
    23. Henry James, European Writers & The Prefaces
    24. Herman Melville, PierreIsrael Potter, The Confidence-ManTales, & Billy Budd
    25. William Faulkner, Novels 1930-1935
    26. James Fenimore Cooper, The Leatherstocking Tales vol. I
    27. James Fenimore Cooper, The Leatherstocking Tales vol. II
    28. Henry David Thoreau, A WeekWaldenThe Maine WoodsCape Cod
    29. Henry James, Novels 1881-1886
    30. Edith Wharton, Novels
    31. Henry Adams, History of the United States during the Administration of Jefferson
    32. Henry Adams, History of the United States during the Administration of Madison
    33. Frank Norris, Novels and Essays
    34. W.E.B. Du Bois, Writings
    35. Willa Cather, Early Novels and Stories
    36. Theodore Dreiser, Sister CarrieJennie GerhardtTwelve Men
    37. Benjamin Franklin, Writings
    38. William James, Writings 1902-1910
    39. Flannery O'Connor, Collected Works
    40. Eugene O'Neill, Complete Plays 1913-1920
    41. Eugene O'Neill, Complete Plays 1920-1931
    42. Eugene O'Neill, Complete Plays 1932-1943
    43. Henry James, Novels 1886-1890
    44. William Dean Howells, Novels 1886-1888
    45. Abraham Lincoln, Speeches and Writings 1832-1858
    46. Abraham Lincoln, Speeches and Writings 1859-1865
    47. Edith Wharton, Novellas and Other Writing
    48. William Faulkner, Novels 1936-1940
    49. Willa Cather, Later Novels
    50. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs and Selected Letters
    51. William Tecumseh Sherman, Memoirs

    Return to top
  • 99 Novels: The Best in English Since 1939, by Anthony Burgess

      1939

    1. Party Going, Henry Green
    2. After Many a Summer, Aldous Huxley
    3. Finnegans Wake, James Joyce
    4. At Swim-Two-Birds, Flann O'Brien

      1940

    5. The Power and the Glory, Graham Greene
    6. For Whom the Bell Tolls, Ernest Hemingway
    7. Strangers and Brothers (to 1970), C.P. Snow

      1941

    8. The Aerodrome, Rex Warner

      1944

    9. The Horse's Mouth, Joyce Cary
    10. The Razor's Edge, Somerset Maugham

      1945

    11. Brideshead Revisited, Evelyn Waugh

      1946

    12. Titus Groan, Mervyn Peake

      1947

    13. The Victim, Saul Bellow
    14. Under the Volcano, Malcolm Lowry

      1948

    15. The Heart of the Matter, Graham Greene
    16. Ape and Essence, Aldous Huxley
    17. The Naked and the Dead, Norman Mailer
    18. No Highway, Nevil Shute

      1949

    19. The Heat of the Day, Elizabeth Bowen
    20. Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell
    21. The Body, William Sansom

      1950

    22. Scenes from Provincial Life, William Cooper
    23. The Disenchanted, Budd Schulberg

      1951

    24. A Dance to the Music of Time (to 1975), Anthony Powell
    25. The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger
    26. The Chronicle of Ancient Sunlight (to 1969), Henry Williamson
    27. The Caine Mutiny, Herman Wouk

      1952

    28. Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison
    29. The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway
    30. The Groves of Academe, Mary McCarthy
    31. Wise Blood, Flannery O'Connor
    32. Sword of Honour (to 1961), Evelyn Waugh

      1953

    33. The Long Goodbye, Raymond Chandler

      1954

    34. Lucky Jim, Kingsley Amis

      1957

    35. Room at the Top, John Braine
    36. The Alexandria Quartet (to 1960), Lawrence Durrell
    37. The London Novels (to 1960), Colin MacInnes
    38. The Assistant, Bernard Malamud

      1958

    39. The Bell, Iris Murdoch
    40. Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, Alan Sillitoe
    41. The Once and Future King, T.H. White

      1959

    42. The Mansion, William Faulkner
    43. Goldfinger, Ian Fleming

      1960

    44. Facial Justice, L.P. Hartley
    45. The Balkans Trilogy (to 1965), Olivia Manning

      1961

    46. The Mighty and Their Fall, Ivy Compton-Burnett
    47. Catch-22, Joseph Heller
    48. The Fox in the Attic, Richard Hughes
    49. Riders in the Chariot, Patrick White
    50. The Old Men at the Zoo, Angus Wilson

      1962

    51. Another Country, James Baldwin
    52. An Error of Judgment, Pamela Hansford Johnson
    53. Island, Aldous Huxley
    54. The Golden Notebook, Doris Lessing
    55. Pale Fire, Vladimir Nabokov

      1963

    56. The Girls of Slender Means, Muriel Spark

      1964

    57. The Spire, William Golding
    58. Heartland, Wilson Harris
    59. A Single Man, Christopher Isherwood
    60. The Defence, Vladimir Nabokov
    61. Late Call, Angus Wilson

      1965

    62. The Lockwood Concern, John O'Hara
    63. The Mandelbaum Gate, Muriel Spark

      1966

    64. A Man of the People, Chinua Achebe
    65. The Anti-Death League, Kingsley Amis
    66. Giles Goat-Boy, John Barth
    67. The Late Bourgeois World, Nadine Gordimer
    68. The Last Gentleman, Walker Percy

      1967

    69. The Vendor of Sweets, R.K. Narayan

      1968

    70. The Image Men, J.B. Priestley
    71. Cocksure, Mordecai Richler
    72. Pavane, Keith Roberts

      1969

    73. The French Lieutenant's Woman, John Fowles
    74. Portnoy's Complaint, Philip Roth

      1970

    75. Bomber, Len Deighton

      1973

    76. Sweet Dreams, Michael Frayn
    77. Gravity's Rainbow, Thomas Pynchon

      1975

    78. Humboldt's Gift, Saul Bellow
    79. The History Man, Malcolm Bradbury

      1976

    80. The Doctor's Wife, Brian Moore
    81. Falstaff, Robert Nye

      1977

    82. How to Save Your Own Life, Erica Jong
    83. Farewell Companions, James Plunkett
    84. Staying On, Paul Scott

      1978

    85. The Coup, John Updike

      1979

    86. The Unlimited Dream Company, J.G. Ballard
    87. Dubin's Lives, Bernard Malamud
    88. A Bend in the River, V.S. Naipaul
    89. Sophie's Choice, William Stryon

      1980

    90. Life in the West, Brian Aldiss
    91. Riddley Walker, Russell Hoban
    92. How Far Can You Go?, David Lodge
    93. A Confederacy of Dunces, John Kennedy Toole

      1981

    94. Lanark, Alasdair Gray
    95. Darconville's Cat, Alexander Theroux
    96. The Mosquito Coast, Paul Theroux
    97. Creation, Gore Vidal

      1982

    98. The Rebel Angels, Robertson Davies

      1983

    99. Ancient Evenings, Norman Mailer

    Return to top
  • The Lifetime Reading Plan, by Clifton Fadiman (3rd edition)

    The Beginning

    1. Homer, The Iliad
    2. Homer, The Odyssey
    3. Herodotus, The Histories
    4. Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War
    5. Plato, Selected Works
    6. Aristotle, EthicsPolitics
    7. Aeschylus, The Oresteia
    8. Sophocles, Oedipus RexOedipus at ColonusAntigone
    9. Euripides, AlcestisMedeaHipploytusTrojan WomenElectraBacchae
    10. Lucretius, Of the Nature of Things
    11. Virgil, The Aeneid
    12. Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations

    The Middle Ages

    1. Saint Augustine, Confessions
    2. Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy
    3. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales

    Plays

    1. William Shakespeare, Complete Works
    2. Moliere, Selected Plays
    3. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Faust
    4. Henrik Ibsen, Selected Plays
    5. George Bernard Shaw, Selcted Plays and Prefaces
    6. Anton Chekhov, Uncle VanyaThree SistersThe Cherry Orchard
    7. Eugene O'Neill, Mourning Becomes ElectraThe Iceman ComethLong Day's Journey into Night
    8. Samuel Beckett, Waiting for GodotEndgameKrapp's Last Tape
    9. Contemporary Drama, edited by E. Bradlee Watson and Benfield Pressey

    Narratives

    1. John Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress
    2. Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe
    3. Jonathon Swift, Gulliver's TravelsA Modest ProposalMeditations upon a BroomstickResolutions when I Come to be Old
    4. Laurence Sterne, Tristram Shandy
    5. Henry Fielding, Tom Jones
    6. Jane Austen, Pride and PrejudiceEmma
    7. Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights
    8. William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair
    9. Charles Dickens, Pickwick PapersDavid CopperfieldBleak HouseGreat ExpectationsHard TimesOur Mutual FriendLittle Dorrit
    10. George Eliot, The Mill on the FlossMiddlemarch
    11. Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in WonderlandThrough the Looking Glass
    12. Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge
    13. Joseph Conrad, Nostromo
    14. E.M. Forster, A Passage to India
    15. James Joyce, Ulysses
    16. Virginia Woolf, Mrs. DallowayTo the LighthouseOrlandoThe Waves
    17. D.H. Lawrence, Sons and LoversWomen in Love
    18. Aldous Huxley, Brave New WorldCollected Essays
    19. George Orwell, Animal FarmNineteen Eighty-Four
    20. Thomas Mann, The Magic Mountain
    21. Franz Kafka, The TrialThe Castle, Selected Short Stories
    22. Francois Rabelais, Gargantua and Pantagruel
    23. Voltaire, Candide and Selected Works
    24. Stendhal, The Red and the Black
    25. Honore de Balzac, Pere GoriotEugenie Grandet
    26. Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary
    27. Marcel Proust, Remembrance of Things Past
    28. Andre Malraux, Man's Fate
    29. Albert Camus, The PlagueThe Stranger
    30. Edgar Allan Poe, Short Stories and Other Works
    31. Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, Selcted Tales
    32. Herman Melville, Moby DickBartleby the Scrivener
    33. Mark Twain, Huckleberry Finn
    34. Henry James, The Ambassadors
    35. William Faulkner, The Sound and the FuryAs I Lay Dying
    36. Ernest Hemingway, Short Stories
    37. Saul Bellow, The Adventures of Augie MarchHerzogHumboldt's Gift
    38. Miguel de Cervantes de Saavedra, Don Quixote
    39. Jorge Luis Borges, LabyrinthsDreamtigers
    40. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude
    41. Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol, Dead Souls
    42. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, Fathers and Sons
    43. Feodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, Crime and PunishmentThe Brothers Karamazov
    44. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, War and Peace
    45. Vladimir Nabokov, LolitaPale FireSpeak, Memory
    46. Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn, The First CircleCancer Ward

    Philosophy, Psychology, Politics, Essays

    1. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan
    2. John Locke, Second Treatise of Government
    3. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
    4. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
    5. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto
    6. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra,

    Selected Other Works

    1. Sigmund Freud, Selected Works
    2. Niccolo Macchiavelli, The Prince
    3. Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Selected Essays
    4. Rene Descartes, Discourse on Method
    5. Blaise Pascal, Thoughts
    6. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America
    7. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Selected Works
    8. Henry David Thoreau, WaldenCivil Disobedience
    9. William James, The Principles of PsychologyPragmatism and Four Essays from The Meaning of TruthThe Varieties of Religious Experience
    10. John Dewey, Human Nature and Conduct
    11. George Santayana, Skepticism and Animal Faith, Selected Other Works

    Poetry

    1. John Donne, Selected Works
    2. John Milton, Paradise LostLycidasOn the Morning of Christ's NativitySonnetsAreopagitica
    3. William Blake, Selected Works
    4. William Wordsworth, The Prelude, Selected Shorter Poems, Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, 1800
    5. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Ancient MarinerChristabelKubla KhanBiographia LiterariaWritings on Shakespeare
    6. William Butler Yeats, Collected PoemsCollected PlaysThe Autobiography
    7. T.S. Eliot, Collected Poems and Collected Plays
    8. Walt Whitman, Selected Poems, Democratic Vistas, Preface to the first issue of Leaves of Grass (1855), A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Roads
    9. Robert Frost, Collected Poems
    10. Poets of the English Language, edited by W.H. Auden and Norman Holmes Pearson
    11. The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, edited by Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair

    History, Biography, Autobiography

    1. Basic Documents in American History, edited by Richard B. Morris The Federalist Papers, edited by Clinton Rossiter
    2. Jean Jacques Rousseau, Confessions
    3. James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson
    4. Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams
    5. Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip IICivilization and Capitalism 15th-18th Century

    Annex

    1. William H. McNeill, The Rise of the West Will and Ariel Durant, The Story of Civilization
    2. Samuel Eliot Morison, The Oxford History of the American People Page Smith, A People's History of the United States
    3. Alfred North Whitehead, Science and the Modern World
    4. Alfred North Whitehead, An Introduction to Mathematics
    5. E.H. Gombrich, The Story of Art
    6. Mortimer J. Adler and Charles Van Doren, How to Read a Book

    Return to top
  • Recommended Reading in Great Literature, Lake Forest Library, Lake Forest, Illinois

    Ancient World

    1. The Bible
    2. Aristophanes, The Birds
    3. Aristotle, Poetics
    4. Homer, OdysseyIliad
    5. Horace, Odes, etc.
    6. Pindar, Olympians, etc.
    7. Plato, Republic
    8. Sophocles, Oedipus Rex
    9. Theocritus, Idylls
    10. Virgil, Aeneid, etc.
      For background & lighter reading
    11. E. Hamilton, Mythology, etc.
    12. M. Renault, The King Must Die, etc.
    13. J. William, Augustus

    Middle Ages

    1. Bede, History of the English Church and People
    2. Beowulf
    3. A.C. Cawley, Everyman & Miracle Plays
    4. G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales
    5. Dante, Divine Comedy
    6. W. Langland, Piers the Ploughman
    7. T. Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur
      For background & lighter reading
    8. Ackerman, Backgrounds to Medieval Literature
    9. J. Gardner, Grendel
    10. M. Stewart, The Crystal Cave, etc.
    11. T.H. White Once and Future King

    Renaissance & 17th Century

    1. M. Cervantes, Don Quixote
    2. J. Donne, Collected Poems
    3. J. Dryden, MacFlecknoe, etc.
    4. B. Jonson, Epigrams, Plays
    5. C. Marlowe, Poems, Doctor Faustus
    6. J. Milton, Paradise LostL'Allegro
    7. W. Shakespeare, Sonnets, Plays
    8. E. Spenser, Shephearde's Calender

    18th Century

    1. H. Fielding, Joseph Andrews
    2. T. Gray, Elegy in a Country Churchyard
    3. S. Johnson, Life of Milton, etc.
    4. A. Pope, Rape of the Lock, etc.
    5. J. Swift, Gulliver's Travels

    19th Century

      Poetry
    1. M. Arnold, Dover Beach
    2. R. Browning, Collected Works
    3. S.T. Coleridge, Ancient Mariner
    4. E. Dickinson, Collected Works
    5. J. Keats, Collected Works
    6. E.A. Poe, The Raven
    7. P.B. Shelley, Collected Works
    8. A. Tennyson, Idylls of the King, etc.
    9. W. Whitman, Leaves of Grass
    10. W. Wordsworth, Collected Works
      Prose
    11. J. Austen, Pride and Prejudice
    12. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre
    13. E. Bronte, Wuthering Heights
    14. L. Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
    15. W. Cather, My Antonia, etc.
    16. J. Cooper, Last of the Mohicans
    17. C. Dickens, Great Expectations, etc.
    18. F. Dostoyevsky, Crime & Punishment, etc.
    19. G. Eliot, Adam Bede
    20. R.W. Emerson, American Scholar, etc.
    21. G. Flaubert, Madame Bovary
    22. T. Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, etc.
    23. N. Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, etc.
    24. W. Irving, Legend of Sleepy Hollow
    25. H. Melville, Billy BuddMoby Dick, etc.
    26. W. Scott, Ivanhoe, etc.
    27. W.M. Thackery, Vanity Fair
    28. H.D. Thoreau, Walden
    29. L. Tolstoy, War and Peace
    30. M. Twain, Huckleberry FinnRoughing It

    Late 19th & 20th Century

      Drama
    1. S. Becket, Waiting for Godot
    2. B. Brecht, Mother Courage
    3. A. Chekhov, Cherry Orchard
    4. L. Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun
    5. H. Ibsen, A Doll's House, etc.
    6. A. Miller, Death of a Salesman
    7. E. O'Neill, Ah Wilderness, etc.
    8. Pirandello, Six Characters in Search...
    9. G.B. Shaw, PygmalionMajor Barbara, etc.
    10. A. Strindberg, Miss Julie, etc.
    11. J. Synge, Playboy of the Western World
    12. O. Wilde, The Importance of Being Ernest
    13. T. Wilder, Our TownSkin of Our Teeth
    14. T. Williams, Streetcar Named Desire
      Poetry
    15. W.H. Auden, Collected Works
    16. e.e. cummings, Collected Works
    17. T.S. Eliot, Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
    18. R. Frost, Collected Works
    19. G.M. Hopkins, Collected Works
    20. A.E. Housman, Collected Works
    21. T. Roethke, Collected Works
    22. W.B. Yeats, Collected Works
      Essays, Short Stories, Expository Works
    23. J. Didion, Collected Works
    24. A. Dillard, Collected Works
    25. L. Eiseley, Immense Journey, etc.
    26. J. McPhee, Collected Works
    27. F. O'Connor, Collected Works
    28. Saki (Munro), Collected Short Stories
    29. L. Thomas, Collected Works
    30. J. Thurber, Carnival, etc.
    31. E.B. White, Essays
      Prose
    32. S. Anderson, Winesburg, Ohio
    33. J. Conrad, Lord JimHeart of Darkness
    34. W. Faulkner, Sound and the Fury
    35. F.S. Fitzgerald, Great Gatsby
    36. E.M. Forster, A Passage to India
    37. J. Galsworthy, Forsyte Saga
    38. E. Hemingway, The Sun also Rises
    39. A. Huxley, Brave New World
    40. H. James, The Ambassadors, etc.
    41. J. Joyce, Portrait of the Artist..., etc.
    42. D.H. Lawrence, Women in Love
    43. S. Lewis, Main Street
    44. J. Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath
    45. V. Woolf, To the Lighthouse
    46. R. Wright, Native Son

    Contemporary

      Prose
    1. K. Amis, Lucky Jim
    2. J. Baldwin, Go Tell it on the Mountain
    3. S. Beckett, Murphy
    4. J. Barth, The End of the Road
    5. R. Bradbury, The Martian Chronicles
    6. A. Burgess, EnderbyA Clockwork Orange
    7. A. Camus, OutsiderPlague
    8. R. Ellison, Invisible Man
    9. F.M. Ford, The Good Soldier
    10. J. Gardner, October Light
    11. W. Golding, Lord of the Flies
    12. J. Heller, Catch-22
    13. J. Herriot, All Creatures Great & Small
    14. J. Knowles, A Separate Peace
    15. H. Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird
    16. N. Mailer, Armies of the Night
    17. T. Morrison, Song of Solomon
    18. G. Orwell, Animal Farm1984
    19. A. Paton, Cry the Beloved Country
    20. J.D. Salinger, Catcher in the Rye
    21. J.R.R. Tolkien, Lord of the Rings
    22. J. Watson, The Double Helix

    Return to top
  • Classics Revisited and More Classics Revisited by Kenneth Rexroth

      From Classics Revisited

    1. The Epic of Gilgamesh
    2. Homer, The Iliad
    3. Homer, The Odyssey
    4. Beowulf
    5. Njal's Saga
    6. Job
    7. The Mahabharata
    8. The Kalevala
    9. Sappho, Poems
    10. Aeschylus, The Oresteia
    11. Sophocles, The Theban Plays
    12. Euripides
    13. Herodotus, History
    14. Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War
    15. Plato, The Trial and Death of Socrates
    16. Plato, The Republic
    17. The Greek Anthology
    18. Lucretius, On the Nature of Things
    19. Livy, Early Rome
    20. Julius Caesar, The War in Gaul
    21. Petronius, The Satyricon
    22. Tacitus, Histories
    23. Plutarch, Parallel Lives
    24. Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
    25. Apuleius, The Golden Ass
    26. Medieval Latin Lyrics
    27. Tu Fu, Poems
    28. Classic Japanese Poetry
    29. Lady Murasaki, The Tale of Genji
    30. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales
    31. Rabelais, The Adventures of Gargantua and Pantagruel
    32. Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo
    33. Thomas More, Utopia
    34. Machiavelli, The Prince
    35. Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur
    36. Montaigne, Essays
    37. Cervantes, Don Quixote
    38. Shakespeare, Macbeth
    39. Shakespeare, The Tempest
    40. Webster, The Duchess of Malfi
    41. Ben Jonson, Volpone
    42. Izaak Walton, The Compleat Angler
    43. John Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress
    44. Tsao Hsueh Chin, The Dream of the Red Chamber
    45. Giacomo Casanova, History of My Life
    46. Henry Fielding Tom Jones
    47. Laurence Sterne, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gent.
    48. Restif de la Bretonne, Monsieur Nicolas
    49. Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
    50. Stendhal, The Red and the Black
    51. Baudelaire, Poems
    52. Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
    53. Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass
    54. Dostoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov
    55. Gustave Flaubert, A Sentimental Education
    56. Tolstoy, War and Peace
    57. Rimbaud, Poems
    58. Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, Journal
    59. Mark Twain, Huckleberry Finn
    60. Chekhov, Plays

      From More Classics Revisited

    61. The Song of Songs
    62. Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching
    63. Euripides, Hippolytus
    64. Aristotle, Poetics
    65. Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius
    66. The Bhagavad-Gita
    67. Ssu-Ma Chien, Records of the Grand Historian of China
    68. Catullus
    69. Virgil, The Aeneid
    70. The Early Irish Epic
    71. Sei Shonagon, The Pillow Book
    72. Abelard and Heloise
    73. Heike Monogatari
    74. St. Thomas Aquinas
    75. The English and Scottish Popular Ballad
    76. Racine, Phedre
    77. Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe
    78. Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders
    79. Jonathon Swift, Gulliver's Travels
    80. Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
    81. Choderlos de Laclos, Dangerous Acquaintances
    82. Gilbert White, A Natural History and Antiquity of Selbourne
    83. Robert Burns
    84. William Blake
    85. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
    86. Honore de Balzac
    87. The Journal of John Woolman
    88. Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers
    89. Francis Parkman, France and England in North America
    90. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin
    91. Frederick Douglass
    92. Ivan Turgenev, Fathers and Sons
    93. Arthur Conan Doyle, ``Sherlock Holmes''
    94. Alexander Berkman
    95. Leo Tolstoy, The Kingdom of God is within You
    96. H.G. Wells
    97. William Butler Yeats, Plays
    98. Ford Madox Ford, Parade's End
    99. Franz Kafka, The Trial
    100. Herbert Read, The Green Child
    101. William Carlos Williams, Poems

    Return to top
  • The UWM Bookstore's Select 100 as of April, 1989

    1. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain
    2. Animal Farm, Orwell
    3. Art of War, Sun Tsu
    4. As I Lay Dying, Faulkner
    5. Atlas Shrugged, Rand
    6. The Bible
    7. Brave New World, Huxley
    8. Brothers Karamazov, Dostoevsky
    9. Candide, Voltaire
    10. Canticle for Liebowitz, Miller
    11. Catch-22, Heller
    12. Catcher in the Rye, Salinger
    13. City in History, Mumford
    14. Clockwork Orange, Burgess
    15. Color Purple, Walker
    16. Communist Manifesto, Marx & Engels
    17. Complete Works, Shakespeare
    18. Confederacy of Dunces, Toole
    19. Confessions, St. Augustine
    20. Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky
    21. Crucible, Miller
    22. Cry, the Bleoved Country, Paton
    23. Dancing Wu-Li Masters, Zukav
    24. Divine Comedy, Dante
    25. Doctor Zhivago, Pasternak
    26. Don Quixote, Cervantes
    27. Double Helix, Watscon
    28. Dune Trilogy, Herbert
    29. Elements of Style, Strunk & White
    30. Entropy, Rifkin
    31. Ethan Frome, Wharton
    32. Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury
    33. Farewell to Arms, Hemingway
    34. Faust, Goethe
    35. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Thompson
    36. Federalist Papers, Hamilton, Madison, Jay
    37. Flatland, Abbott
    38. Forbidden Colors, Mishima
    39. Foundation Trilogy, Asimov
    40. Fountainhead, Rand
    41. Free to Choose, Friedman
    42. Godel, Escher, Bach, Hofstadter
    43. Gone with the Wind, Mitchell
    44. Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck
    45. Gravity's Rainbow, Pynchon
    46. Great Expectations, Dickens
    47. Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald
    48. Gulliver's Travels, Swift
    49. Handmaid's Tale, Atwood
    50. Hiroshima, Hersey
    51. How Democracies Perish, Revel
    52. Iliad, Homer
    53. Invisible Man, Ellison
    54. Jane Eyre, Bronte
    55. Leaves of Grass, Whitman
    56. Little Prince, St. Exupery
    57. Lord of the Flies, Golding
    58. Lord of the Rings, Tolkien
    59. Madame Bovary, Flaubert
    60. Man's Search for Meaning, Frankl
    61. Mere Christianity, Lewis
    62. Moby Dick, Melville
    63. Monkey Wrench Gang, Abbey
    64. My Antonia, Cather
    65. 1984, Orwell
    66. Odyssey, Homer
    67. Of Human Bondage, Maugham
    68. Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck
    69. Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway
    70. On the Road, Kerouac
    71. One Hundred Years of Solitude, Garcia Marquez
    72. Origin of Species, Darwin
    73. Paradise Lost, Milton
    74. Plague, Camus
    75. Pride and Prejudice, Austen
    76. Prince, Machiavelli
    77. Qu'ran
    78. Republic, Plato
    79. Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Shirer
    80. Road Less Travelled, Peck
    81. Room of One's Own, Woolf
    82. Sand County Almanac, Leopold
    83. Second Sex, de Beauvoir
    84. Seven Story Mountain, Merton
    85. Siddhartha, Hesse
    86. Slaughterhouse Five, Vonnegut
    87. Small Is Beautiful, Schumacher
    88. Steppenwolf, Hesse
    89. Stranger, Camus
    90. Stranger in a Strange Land, Heinlein
    91. Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn
    92. Tao of Physics, Capra
    93. Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu
    94. Third Wave, Toffler
    95. Ulysses, Joyce
    96. Unsettling of America, Berry
    97. Utopia, More
    98. Walden, Thoreau
    99. War and Peace, Tolstoy
    100. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Pirsig

Return to top

Great Links to and from This Page

  • Mercer University - Great Books Discussion Cafe
  • Great Books - University of Victoria, BC
  • The Western Canon and NEW Great Books Webring
  • Intellectual History is one of many web bibliographies in the Horus History Links
  • The Great Books page is the "somewhat official" page for the "Liberal Studies Great Books Program" at Malaspina University-College. Students get a BA in Liberal Studies from the University of Victoria after their 2 years in the Program (equivalent to 60% of their 3rd and 4th years at the College). The program is modelled on similar programs at Berkeley (1960's) and one now at St. John's College.
  • Rutgers's William Dowling's A Reading List for English Majors
  • Thomas L. Long vade mecum ::: "There is only one thing in the world worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about."--O.F.O.W. Wilde
  • Cecelia Franco White's Best of the Web list
  • Shimer College Home Page

    Great Books WebRing Home | Next | Previous | Random ]

  • Starting Point
  • Kang-nam Oh ·한국 기독교의 배타성 – 그 전개와 전망

    Facebook


    Kang-nam Oh
      · 
    한국 기독교의 배타성 – 그 전개와 전망


    11월16일 토론토 부근에 있는 University of Waterloo 한국문화 강좌 시간 특강을 하고 돌아왔습니다.  이 학교는 한국학 과목이 아주 활발하여 1년에 약 500명 가량의 학생들이 한국어와 한국문화 과목을 수강하고 있다고 합니다.  제가 여기서 영어로 한 강의 내용을 요약해서 페친들과 나누고 싶어 컴을 열었습니다.
    --------
    강의 제목은 Korean Christianity: Past, Present and Future 였습니다.  한국 종교 전반에 대한 강의는 강의 담당 교수가 이미 다루었다고 해서 저는 기독교, 그것도 개신교의 배타성을 중심으로 강의했습니다.  영어 인용문은 혹시 참고하실 분들이 계실까 해서 번역과 함께 올렸습니다.  
    ----------

    서론
     
    우선 시작하기 전에 미국 시카코 대학 종교학과 교수로 유명한 요아킴 바흐 교수의 글을 인용했습니다.
    “진리를 사랑하기 위해서 비진리를 증오해야 한다는 것은 사실이다.  그러나 당신 자신의 믿음을 고양하기 위해 다른이의 믿음을 증오하고 비하하여야 한다는 것은 사실이 아니다.”
    It is true that to love truth you must hate untruth, but it is not true that in order to exalt your own faith you must hate and denigrate those of another.  - Joachim Wach

    개신교

    개신교는 중국에 선교사로 가 있던 Dr. John Ross(1842-1915)의해 한국에 소개되었지만 본격적인 선교는 1884년 Dr. Horace N. Allen (1858-1932), Horace G. Underwood (1859-1916), Henry G. Appenzeller (1858-1902) 등의 도착으로 본격화.  그후 미국, 캐나다, 호주, 영국 등의 선교사들이 내한.
    선교사들은 전도 뿐 아니라 교육기관과 병원등을 설립하고, 더러는 한국 독립운동을 돕기도 하여, 초기 선교사들과 개신교 신자들은 일반인들로부터 존경을 받았다. 
    개신교는 1970년대와 1980년대 도시화와 경제적 관심의 고조와 함께 비약적으로 확장.
    그러나 현 기독교인의 절대다수는 이른바 근본주의 기독교인들.
    이들의 특징은 성경 문자주의, 기독교만 진리 종교라는 배타주의.
    무속에서 받아들인 새벽기도와 통성기도. 

    개신교의 배타성

    전통적으로 한국인들 일반은 여러 종교에 대해 관대한 편.  1886년 한국에 온 선교사 Homer B. Hulbert는 이런 한국인들의 태도를 다음과 같이 기술.
    “독자들이 명심해야 할 사항은 (한국인들 사이에서는) 다른 종교에 대한 적대감이 없다는 것이다.  일반적으로 말할 수 있는 것은 원만한 한국인들은 사회에 나가면 유교인이 되고 철학적 사고를 할 때는 불교인이 되고, 위급한 문제에 봉착하면 정령숭배자(무속인)가 된다.  ….the reader must ever bear in mind...that there is no antagonism between the different cults…As a general thing, we may say that the all-round Korean will be a Confucianist when in society, a Buddhist when he philosophises and a spirit worshipper when he is in trouble. “
    이런 관용적이고 심지어 혼합주의적인 태도가 근래 기독교인들 사이에서는 찾아보기 힘들다. 이와는 반대로 이웃 종교에 관용적인 태도를 보이는 것을 용납하지 않는다.  특히 불교에 대해서는 심한 배타성을 보이고 있다.

    몇 가지 예

    30년 전 서울 감리교 신학대학 대학원장이었던 변선환 목사가 “교회 밖에도 구원이 있다”고 발언했다고 해서 교수직, 목사자격도 박탈당하고 결국은 교단에서부터도 축출되었다.
    다른 한 가지 예는 강남대학교 이찬수 교수는 부처님에게 절했다는 이유로 교수직에서 해임되었다.
    한 가지만 더. 어느 기독교 광신자가 김천 개운사에 들어가 불상을 훼손하고 기물을 파괴했는데, 서울기독교대학교 손원영 교수는 불교계에 사과하고 법당 복구비용을 위해 모금 운동을 전개. 그 이유로 교수 재임용에서 탈락.  아직도 법정 투쟁 중.
    대부분의 그리스도인들은 그리스도인이 되는 것은 한국의 전통적인 종교나 철학사상을 배격해야만 하는 것으로 믿고 있는 듯.  마치 영국 시인 키플링(Rudyard Kipling)이 “동은 동, 서는 서, 이 둘은 결코 만나지 못하리“(“East is east and west is west, and ne’er the twain shall meet.”)라고 한 말을 그대로 신봉하는 듯.
    반세기도 전 독일의 종교학자 하일러(Friedrich Heiler, 1892-1967)가 한 말이 한국 기독교인들에게 그대로 적용되는 것 같다.
    “우리는 이런 배타적인 신학자들이 그리스도와 벨리알, 빛과 어둠, 진리와 거짓은 같이할 수 없다고 계속해서 반복하는 말을 들을 수 있다.(One can hear such exclusivist theologians say over and over again that there is no communion between Christ and Belial, light and darkness, truth and deceit.)”


    왜 배타적이 되었는가?
    몇 가지 가능한 이유를 생각해 본다.

    첫째, 그리스도교에 전통적으로 들어가 있는 배타적 경향 때문.  그리스도교에는 오랫동안 “교회 밖에는 구원이 없다 (Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus.”는 입장을 견지해 왔다.
    Thomas Merton도 이를 지적, 그리스도인들이 “다른 종교를 만날 때 거의 모든 그리스도인들은 ‘본능적으로’ 그것이 ‘상대적인 사상체계’ 혹은 경쟁적인 이데올로기, 혹은 이상한 세계관, 더욱 간단히 ‘거짓 종교’라고 치부했다.(When encountered the other faith, most Christians, “instinctively” reacted to it as “a rival system of thought’ or a ‘competing ideology’ or an ‘alien world view’ or more simply a ‘false religion’.)” 
    둘째, 한국에 들어온 선교사들이 기본적으로 근본주의 기독교 선교사들이었다는 점.  중국이나 일본에 들어간 선교사들에 비해 한국으로 들어온 선교사들은 ‘청교도적 열정과 웨스레적인 열성(Puritanic zeal and Wesleyan fervor)’으로 무장되어 있었다.  따라서 한국에는 근본주의 기독교가 휩쓸게 되었다. “fundamentalism held sway in the Korean peninsula.”
    Homer Hulbert나 George Heber Jones, 그리고 Canada 선교사 James S. Gale(1863-1937, 이분은 성경번역, 사전편찬, 문학번역 등 한국 문화발전에 지대한 공헌) 같은 예외적인 이들도 있었지만 근본주의를 개선하기는 역부족이었다.
    셋째, 한국 기독교는 한국 전통 종교들의 도전에 접해보지 못했다.  한국 기독교는 한국 종교와 특별히 대화하거나 관계를 맺을 필요를 느끼지 못했다.  따라서 한국 재래 종교의 더욱 깊은 뜻을 간파하지 못한 채 기독교 우월주의를 고수할 수 있었다.
    넷째, 한국 교회의 최고 관심사는 될 수 있는대로 많은 헌금을 걷는 것. ‘성공한 교회’란 헌금액수가 가장 큰 교회.  따라서 내 종교만 올바른 종교, 다른 종교에 눈돌리지 말라는 태도가 필요.
    -------
    다원주의 (Religious Pluralism)

    종교적 배타주의는 물론 한국에만 있는 것은 아니다.  캐나다 학자로서 하버드 세계종교 연구소 원장으로 오래 근무한 윌프레드 캔트웰 스미스(Wilfred Cantwell Smith) 교수도 지적한 것처럼 “일반적으로 거의 모든 종교체계들은 외부인들에게 어리석거나 심지어 그로테스크하게 보이지 않는다면 적어도 고려짝인 무엇처럼 보이기 마련이다.(“most religious systems seem quaint, if not silly or even grotesque, to outsiders.”)
    그러나 한국과는 달리 근래 서양 기독교에서는 이런 배타주의가 오늘처럼 다문화적이고 다종교적인 시대에는 바람직하지도 않고 유지될 수도 없다(neither plausible nor tenable)는 사실에 동의하는 학자들이 많다고 하는 사실에 주목할 필요가 있다. 

    예를 들어:

    John Hick: 우주가 지구를 중심으로 돌고 있다고 하는 프톨레미적 시각(the Ptolemaic perspective)처럼 종교가 내 종교를 중심으로 돌고 있다는 종교적 프톨레미 시각을 버리고 내 종교를 포함한 모든 종교가 모두 진리의 태양을 중심으로 돈다는 “코페르니쿠스적 시각”을 채택해야 한다. 
    Arnold Toynbee: “배타주의적 심성(exclusive-mindedness)”은 죄된 심성인데 그 죄는 바로 교만의 죄이다. 
    Aldous Huxley: “다른 모든 형태의 제국주의와 마찬가지로 신학적 제국주의도 영구적 세계 평화에 위협적 존재가 된다(Like any other form of imperialism, theological imperialism is a menace to permanent world peace.)”
    Heinrich Ott, 기독교 배타주의의 이론적 근거를 제공한 칼 바르트의 후계자인 하인리히 오트가 캐나다에 왔을 때 한 말: “인간적이란 것이 무엇을 의하는지 알기 위해서는 모든 종교전통들의 공헌을 고려하지 않고는 불가능하다(Understanding what it means to be human cannot be done without taking into consideration the contributions of all religious traditions.)” 
    Mircea Eliade: 세계적으로가장 유명한 시카고대학 종교학자: “실로 우리는 이미 전지구적 문화에 접근하고 있다.  오래지 않아 아무리 국지주의적인 역사가, 철학자, 신학자라 하더라도 다른 대륙, 다른 종교 신도들 출신의 동료들과의 대화를 통해 자기의 문제를 생각하고 자기의 신념을 형성하지 않을 수 없게 될 것이다. (Indeed, we are already approaching a planetary culture, and before long even the most provincial historian, philosopher or theologian will be compelled to think through his problem and formulate his beliefs in dialogue with colleagues from other continents and believers in other religions.)  
    Paul Knitter: 다른 이름으로는?(“No Other Name?”)
    Max Müller: “하나의 종교만 아는 사람은 아무 종교도 모른다.”
    Hans Küng: “종교 간의 대화가 없으면 종교 간의 평화가 없고, 종교 간의 평화가 없으면 세계 평화가 있을 수 없다.”
    -------

    종교 다원주의를 위한 몇 가지 시안(Some Tips for Religious Pluralism)

    첫째,한국 그리스도인들은 한국의 전통 종교에 대한 그들의 이해를 더욱 심화시킬 필요가 있을 것이다.  특히 모든 것이 보는 시각에 따라 다를 수밖에 없다는 일종의 시각주의(perspectivalism)에 해당되는 화쟁론(和爭論)의 주창자 원효(元曉, 617-686)나 새로운 의식의 변화를 중심의 성학(聖學)을 강조하는 퇴계나 율곡 같은 분들의 사상체계를 깊이 들여다 볼 필요가 있을 것이다. 
    둘째, 좀 더 광범위한 시각으로 보아, 한국 그리스도인들은(한국 그리스도인들뿐 아니라 세계 그리스도인들, 나아가 현대를 살아가는 모든 사람들은) 15세기 니콜라우스 쿠자누스(Nicolaus Cusanus, 1401-1464)가 주장한 ‘반대의 일치(coincidentia oppositorum)’ 혹은 ‘양극의 조화’의 뜻을 깊이 새길 필요가 있다. 칼 융은 이를 자각하는 것이 정신적 성숙의 극치라고 했다.
    반대의 일치란 ‘빛이 파동도 되고 입자도 된다’고 하듯 ‘이것도 저것도’라고 하는 ‘도도주의’(both/and mentality)이다. 
    사실 이것은 거의 모든 종교에서 추구하는 이상이라 할 수 잇다.

    몇 가지 예: (그림을 보여드리고 싶은데, 그림이 올라오지 않네요.)


    - 음양의 조화
       태극무늬
    - 십자가 Cross  
       가로 세로의 길이가 같은 십자가
    - David stern, the Star of David 
       세모를 두개 겹친 것
    - Fish - Ixthus, ἰχθύς)
      두개의 원이 겹치는 것을 오려내 물고기처럼 보이는 것
    - Swastika, "conducive to well-being" 
       불교의 만자























    이 말은 세상에 ‘독불장군’이 있을 수 없다는 것이다. 모두가 상호의존 상호관계 속에 있다는 것.(Interdependence and inter-relatedness).
    따라서 독립적으로 혼자만 진리라는 일방적 주장을 성립불가하다는 것. (No one religion is independent. No one is an island!)
    셋째, 한국 그리스도인들은 그리스도교가 지금 퇴조되고 있다는 사실을 간파할 필요가 있다.  기독교는 산업화된 국가에서는 점점 사라지고 있는 실정.  탈종교화(Irreligion).  탈종교화의 대표. 스칸디나비아 3국(“Society without God”)을 비롯한 유럽.  심지어 미국에서도. 미국 고등학교 졸업생 중 69%에서 94%가 교회도 졸업한다고.  미국 보수 목사의 책 (Josh McDowell, The Last Christian Generation.)
    John Shelby Spong 성공회 주교: 미국에서 제일 큰 졸업동창회는 교회졸업동창회.
    많은 젊은이들, 종교는 no, 영성을 o.k. (Spirituality, but no Religion, SBNR)
    이런 판국에 인습적이고 표피적 기독교만 진리 종교라고 외치는 것은 의미없는 일.
    -----

    어떻게 할까?

    사라져 가는 표층종교를 대신할 21세기 대안 종교는. 무엇? 경외심을 강조하는 Aweism, 아하! 경험을 중요시하는 Ahaism.  우주에 편만한 신비에 눈 떠서 이를 보고 신기해하고 놀라워하고 경외하고 아하!하고 외칠 수 있는 심성, 감수성, 공감능력을 강조하는 새로운 종교, 우리에게 지금 여기에서 "풍요로운 삶'을 가져다 줄 수 있는 새로운 종교!
    ------

    결론 

    종교학계의 거장 Huston Smith의 말: 우리는 다른이들의 종교에 귀 기울어야 한다.“ 한국 기독교인들의 경우 불교, 유교, 천도교, 원불교 등은 ‘다른이들’의 종교가 아니라 ‘우리들의’ 종교, 적어도 우리들의 일부. 얼마나 더 주의 깊게 귀 기울어야 하겠는가? 서로 다른 종교는 경쟁적이 아니라 상호보완적임(not competitive but complementary)을 깊이 깨달아야.
    위대한 종교 사상가 폴 틸리히(Paul Tillich)의 말: ”모든 살아있는 종교의 깊이에는 종교 자체가 그 중요성을 잃어버리는 경지가 있다. (In the depth of every living religion there is a point at which the religion itself loses its importance

    ===
    49 comments
    박희승
    잘 보았습니다!
    (((_)))
    Reply6 d
    전병렬
    상호보완적인 종교. 불교와 천주교입니다. 개신교, 이슬람교 제외. 힌두교 포함한 상호보완적 내외부적 신앙과 수행이 진정한 종교입니다. 좋은 글 잘보았습니다. 좋아요
    Reply6 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    전병렬 맞습니다. 감사합니다.
    Reply18 h


    Sehoon Oh
    잘 읽고 공유합니다.
    Reply6 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    오세훈 고맙습니다.
    Reply18 h


    Minjeong Seok
    저도 가서 직접 강연을 들을 수 있었음 얼마나 좋았을까요🥲 이렇게 포스팅으로 올려주셔서 고맙습니다 🥰♥️
    Reply6 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    Minjeong Seok 이 글이 강연의 내용을 거의 옮긴 거나 마찬가지인데요. 암튼 감사합니다.
    Reply18 h
    Minjeong Seok
    Kang-nam Oh 정말정말 고맙습니다 🥰
    Reply15 h


    유인걸
    한국인들에게 아직도 일신교가 완전히 소화되지 못하였읍니다.일신교란개념자체가 조선민족애게는 충격이었으니까요.
    Reply6 d
    이기동
    좋은 글 감사합니다. 특히 기독교 자체의 배타성에 대해서 생각중입니다. 혹시 구약이나 신약성서, 또는 교부시대의 배타성에 대한 내용이 있을까요? 대부분의 종교가 집단을 이루고, 내집단과 외집단을 구분하려면 배타성은 종교성 집단의 필연적인 귀결같습니다
    Reply6 dEdited
    Kang-nam Oh
    이기동 옳은 말씀입니다. 그러나 제 어머니가 저에게는 실존적 절대성을 가지고 있지만 그렇다고 남의 어머니를 폄하하는 것은 올바르지 못한 것이겠지요.
    Reply18 h


    최택진
    복습하게 되는 기회여서 좋았습니다!
    Reply5 d
    최택진
    국민일보 4월 여론조사 결과라네요! 1,000명 샘플. 코로나19로 더 짙어진 것 같아요. 신천지와 오십보 백보 같은 한국 개신교. 일반 국민들 의식 속에서 저런 인식이 면면히 흐르고 있다는 거. 대안은 무엇일지? 음...
    May be an image of text that says "종교별 이미지 친근한 불교 포용적인 상생하는 엄숙한 보수적인 이건한 세속적인 공감하는 개신교 배타적인 방적 도덕적인 헌신적인 진정성있는 희생적인 천주교 물질적인 위선적인 진보적인 보적인"
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    최택진 좋은 자료 보여주셔서 감사합니다. 개신교가 문제네요.
    Reply18 h


    Kihyun Han
    위대한 종교 사상가 폴 틸리히(Paul Tillich)의 말: ”모든 살아있는 종교의 깊이에는 종교 자체가 그 중요성을 잃어버리는 경지가 있다. (In the depth of every living religion there is a point at which the religion itself loses its importance.)
    저는 그래서 오염된, 한국교회의 '하나님'이라는 이름 대신 '다오라신'이라고 작명하여 부르고 있지요^^ 수고하고 무거운 짐 진 자는 (종교가 있든 없든, 무슨 종교를 믿든, 성향이 어떻든) 다 내게로 오라고 하신 예수님 말씀에서 따온 것이지요.
    표층종교에서 벗어나 심층종교로 나아가도록 깨달음 주시는 박사님께 늘 감사드립니다.
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    Kihyun Han 한 선생님, 오랜만에 반갑습니다. "다오라신"--재미있는 발상이네요. 배타의 정 반대 개념이네요.^^
    Reply18 h


    Hachun Sung
    선생님, 조리있고 사려깊은 충언의 말씀 잘 읽었습니다. 개신교(기독교)는 문자주의로 대표되는 종교 근본주의에서 벗어나 타종교를 제대로 이해하는 종교다원주의적 사유를 받아들여야 한다는 것이 취지로 읽혔습니다. 그런데, 저는 생각이 다릅니다. 한국 개신교인은 기독교를 근본주의로 선택했다면 그것을 종교다원주의적 경향으로 방향을 바꾸어야 한다면, 기독교를 버릴 지언정 종교다원주의적 경향이 주류가 되지는 않을 것이라고 봅니다. 최근 오구라 기조 교토대 교수는 그의 <조선사상사>에서 한국인은 사상의 순수성을 고수한다고 합니다. 주지하듯이, 불교가 들어오면 불교의 조선이 되고, 주자학이 들어오면 주자학의 조선이 되고, 기독교가 들어오면 기독교의 한국이 됩니다. 그 반대 방향은 우리 민중이 선택하지 않았습니다. 이러한 점으로 볼 때, 다음 세대가 기독교를 버리고 다른 사상이나 종교를 선택할 지언정 위와 같은 논의는 상당히 이상적인 것이 아닌가 합니다. 감사합니다.
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    Hachun Sung 좋은 생각 감사합니다. 기독교를 신봉하는 것은 좋습니다만 다른 종교를 거짓종교라고 규정하는 일은 없었으면 하는 마음입니다. 지금은 사실 기성 종교, 표층 종교는 그 어느 것이든 힘을 잃어가고 있는 것이 현실인 것 같습니다. 감사합니다.
    Reply18 h


    이경일
    아직도 그리고 여전히 한국의 기독교는 충분히 그리고 넉넉하게 그 특유의 배타성에 흠뻑 빠져 해어나오지 못하고 허둥데는 모습데로 살아가야할 운명인가? 심히 부끄럽고 어지럽기까지 합니다.
    주여, 어서 오시옵소서!
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    이경일 이 목사님과 같은 생각을 가진 그리스도인들이 점점 많아지기를 바랍니다. 감사합니다.
    Reply18 h


    Hum Kim
    공부 잘 했습니다. 감사합니다.🍒
    Reply5 d
    Jeongwoo Bae
    👍👏
    Reply5 d
    Hyuk Tae Kwon
    교수님 요하킴 바흐 교수님 말을 이름과 함께 외워둡니다.
    교수님 좋은 글을 이렇게 공개해 주시니 정말 감사합니다.
    자기 주장이 아니라 사람에게 유익한 이런 글을 보는 것은 큰 행운입니다.이기주의를 벗어난 극소수의 자부심으로 살아야겟지요.
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    Hyuk Tae Kwon 좋게 봐주셔서 감사합니다. 그쪽은 이제 여름이 되어 가겠네요. 좋은 계절 즐기시기 바랍니다.
    Reply18 h
    Hyuk Tae Kwon
    Kang-nam Oh 예 교수님 세계에서 몰려드는 다양한 사람들과 재미있는 시간을 보내고 있습니다.
    Reply16 h


    Julie Jeong
    오교수님,
    이렇게 대중들에게 종교를 "논"해야 하는 것 조차도 저에겐 불편할 때가 있어요.
    그래도 "머리 (Head, Brain)" 로 살고 있는 삶에서 "가슴 (Heart)으로 사는 방향을 제시해 주는 가르침이 있어야 하겠기에 오교수님같은 분이 계신다고 생각해요.
    오교수님의 열정에 감사드려요.
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    Julie Jeong 좋은 말씀 감사합니다. 좋은 대화가 이어지기 바랍니다. 건강하세요.
    Reply18 h


    고영의
    잘 읽었습니다. 오늘 신천지가 대구에서 대규모 집회를 대놓고 했다고 해요. 샘 말씀처럼 종교가 사회를 걱정하게 하는 시대네요 ㅜㅜ
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    고영의 잘 읽어주셨다니 고마워요. 코로나는 잘 극복하셨겠지요? ㅎㅎ
    Reply18 h


    호우선사
    오타; '결론' 부분의 '상호보와작임' -> '상호 보완적임'
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    호우선사 오타 지적 감사합니다. 고쳐넣었습니다.
    Reply18 h


    호우선사
    영상 사료 및 문헌 사료상, 독일계 천주교 신부단이 이조선말에 많이 이조선에 파송되어 왔었슴. 유투브에도 영상 자료가 적잖이 남아 있슴.
    Reply5 d
    태영최
    꾸벅
    새벽에 기도하셨어요.
    예수님께서!
    그래서 한국교회에서 새벽기도 한 거지요.
    Reply5 d
    류제동
    근본주의 극복을 위해서 우리나라 그리스도인들이 이 책도 많이 읽어야겠다는 생각이 듭니다.^^
    http://aladin.kr/p/QPlSY
    경전이란 무엇인가
    ALADIN.CO.KR
    경전이란 무엇인가
    경전이란 무엇인가
    Reply5 dEdited
    Kang-nam Oh
    류제동 좋은 책 번역하셨네요. 많이 읽히기 바랍니다.
    Reply18 h
    류제동
    Kang-nam Oh 고맙습니다.^^
    Reply17 h


    Joon Park
    잘 배웠습니다. Exclusivity가 결국은 superiority로 발전한다는 것. 그런데 우리 기독교는 이와는 반대로 Christ의 humility를 가르치는 것이지요. 그러니 그런 기독교는, 말씀해 오신대로, 처음부터 없었던 것지요.
    Reply5 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    Joon Park 그렇군요. 감사합니다.
    Reply18 h


    Maria Roering
    잘 읽었습니다. 모든 종교가 서로 상호보완적이어야 한다는 말씀 좋았습니다. 그래야 다름 속에서도 같음을 찿아낼수 있기 때문이란 생각도 곁들여 봅니다. 감사합니다.
    Reply4 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    Maria Roering 감사합니다. 상호보완적--좋은 말이지요.
    Reply18 h


    Richard C. Choe
    Thank you for sharing your lecture notes, Dr. Oh. It was great to hear you in Toronto.
    What would be the appropriate English words for 표층종교 and 심층종교?
    Reply3 dEdited
    Kang-nam Oh
    Richard C. Choe 'Surface Religion' and 'Indepth Religion' may be close to 표층종교 심층종교. The proper English word for 심층종교 is mysticism. 
    But "신비주의" is a misleading word in Korea, and that is why I call it "심층종교." 

    It was nice to know that you heard my lecture in Toronto.
    Reply18 h
    Richard C. Choe
    Kang-nam Oh Thank you, Dr. Oh. It was great to see you after so many years. Thank you for deepening and widening our understanding of who we are in relation to God and with one another. Peace.
    Reply12 hEdited


    Misael Park
    https://cafe.naver.com/yooyoonjn/2406
    오강남 "한국 기독교의 배타성 – 그 전개와 전망" Korean Christianity: Past, Present and Future
    CAFE.NAVER.COM

    오강남 "한국 기독교의 배타성 – 그 전개와 전망" Korean Christianity: Past, Present and Future
    오강남 "한국 기독교의 배타성 – 그 전개와 전망" Korean Christianity: Past, Present and Future
    Reply1 d
    Kang-nam Oh
    미사엘 님, "대립의 조화" "도도주의"의 상징 그림을 찾아서 넣어 주셔서 대단히 감사합니다.
    Reply18 h


    Wan Hong Lee
    대부분 목회자들이 교회를 이용하여 먹고 사는 일로 여기기에 교인을 세뇌하는 것이 현실이 아닐까요?
    Reply13 h
    지관