2021/07/15

Christian universalism - Wikipedia

Christian universalism - Wikipedia

Christian universalism

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Christian universalism is a school of Christian theology focused around the doctrine of universal reconciliation – the view that all human beings will ultimately be saved and restored to a right relationship with God. Christian universalism and the belief or hope in the universal reconciliation through Christ can even be understood as synonyms.[1]

The term Christian universalism was used in the 1820s by Russell Streeter in the Christian Intelligencer of Portland – a descendant of Adams Streeter who had founded one of the first Universalist Churches on September 14, 1785.[2][3][4] Christian universalists believe this was the most common interpretation of Christianity in Early Christianity, prior to the 6th century.[5][6] Christians from a diversity of denominations and traditions believe in the tenets of Christian universalism, such as the reality of an afterlife without the possibility of eternal punishment in hell.[7]

As a formal Christian denomination, Christian universalism originated in the late 18th century with the Universalist Church of America. There is currently no single denomination uniting Christian universalists, but a few denominations teach some of the principles of Christian universalism or are open to them. In 2007, the Christian Universalist Association was founded to serve as an ecumenical umbrella organization for churches, ministries, and individuals who believe in Christian universalism.

Unitarian Universalism historically grew out of Christian universalism but is not an exclusively Christian denomination. It formed from a 1961 merger of two historically Christian denominations, the Universalist Church of America and the American Unitarian Association, both based in the United States. In the academic world, theologians such as Karl Barth and Jürgen Moltmann are typically held to have supported a theology of universal reconciliation.[citation needed]

Beliefs[edit source]

In his Plain Guide to Universalism, the universalist Thomas Wittemore wrote, "The sentiment by which Universalists are distinguished, is this: that at last every individual of the human race shall become holy and happy. This does not comprise the whole of their faith, but, merely that feature of it which is peculiar to them and by which they are distinguished from the rest of the world."[8]

The remaining central beliefs of Christian universalism are compatible with Christianity in general:

  • God is the loving Parent of all people, see Love of God.
  • Jesus Christ reveals the nature and character of God and is the spiritual leader of humankind, see New Covenant.
  • Humankind is created with an immortal soul which death does not end—or a mortal soul that shall be resurrected and/or preserved by God—and which God will not wholly destroy.[9]
  • Sin has negative consequences for the sinner either in this life or the afterlife.

In 1899 the Universalist General Convention, later called the Universalist Church of America, adopted the Five Principles: the belief in God, belief in Jesus Christ, the immortality of the human soul, that sinful actions have consequence, and universal reconciliation.[10]

The inclusion of theosis as a sixth point is found in the statement of faith adopted in 2007 by the Christian Universalist Association.[11] In the context of Christian universalism, theosis— which can be translated as divinization or the process of being made more God-like—means to be made more Christ-like, or that all souls will ultimately be reconciled and conformed to the image of the glorified resurrected Christ.

Views on Hell[edit source]

Christian Universalists disagree on whether or not Hell exists. However, they do agree that if it does, the punishment there is corrective and remedial, and does not last forever.[12]

Purgatorial Hell and Patristic Universalism[edit source]

Purgatorial Universalism was the belief of some of the early church fathers, especially Greek-speaking ones such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Gregory of Nyssa. It asserts that the unsaved will undergo hell, but that hell is remedial (neither everlasting nor purely retributive) according to key scriptures and that after purification or conversion all will enter Heaven. Judaism teaches something similar – hell is an intense experience of cleansing, more an expression of kindness than a punishment.[13]

Fourth-century Christian theologian and Bishop Diodorus of Tarsus wrote: "For the wicked there are punishments, not perpetual, however, lest the immortality prepared for them should be a disadvantage, but they are to be purified for a brief period according to the amount of malice in their works. They shall therefore suffer punishment for a short space, but immortal blessedness having no end awaits them… the penalties to be inflicted for their many and grave sins are very far surpassed by the magnitude of the mercy to be shown to them."[14]

Ilaria Ramelli, a scholar of the Early Patristic history writes, "In the minds of some, universal salvation is a heretical idea that was imported into Christianity from pagan philosophies by Origen" (c.185–253/4).[15] Ramelli argues that this view is mistaken and that Christian theologians were the first people to proclaim that all will be saved and that their reasons for doing so were rooted in their faith in Christ.

Eternal Hell in Christian history[edit source]

Christian Universalists assert that the doctrine of eternal Hell was not a part of Christ's teachings nor even the early church, and that it was added in.[16] The first clear mention of endless misery is to be found in a work from 155-165 CE by Tatian.[17] Other early references to a Hell of infinite duration come from Latin church father Tertullian in the late 2nd and 3rd century.[18] According to Theologian Edward Beecher in the first four centuries there were six main theological schools and only one of them advocated the idea of eternal Hell.[19]

Origins of the idea of Hell as eternal[edit source]

Christian universalists point towards the mistranslations of the Greek word αιών (Lit. aion- an epoch of time), as giving rise to the idea of eternal Hell.[20][21] Dr. Ken Vincent writes "When it (aion) was translated into Latin Vulgate, 'aion' became 'aeternam' which means 'eternal."[20] He also states that the first written record of the idea of an eternal Hell comes from Tertullian, who wrote in Latin.

The second major source of the idea of Hell as eternal was the 4th-century theologian Augustine. According to author Steve Gregg, it was Tertullian's writings, plus Augustine's views and writings on eternal Hell which "overwhelmed" the other views of a temporary Hell. First Augustine's views of Hell were accepted in the early Latin Church, out of which rose the Roman Catholic church. Up until The Reformation Augustine's view of Hell as eternal was not questioned.[22]

Mistranslation of the Greek Word "Aion"[edit source]

About the word aion as having connotations of "eternal" or "temporal", the 19th century theologian Marvin Vincent wrote:

Aion, transliterated aeon, is a period of longer or shorter duration, having a beginning and an end, and complete in itself. Aristotle (peri ouranou, i. 9,15) says: "The period which includes the whole time of one's life is called the aeon of each one." Hence it often means the life of a man, as in Homer, where one's life (aion) is said to leave him or to consume away (Iliad v. 685; Odyssey v. 160). It is not, however, limited to human life; it signifies any period in the course of events, as the period or age before Christ; the period of the millennium; the mythological period before the beginnings of history.

The adjective aionios in like manner carries the idea of time. Neither the noun nor the adjective, in themselves, carry the sense of endless or everlasting. They may acquire that sense by their connotation, as, on the other hand, aidios, which means everlasting, has its meaning limited to a given point of time in Jude 6. Aionios means enduring through or pertaining to a period of time. Both the noun and the adjective are applied to limited periods.

Words which are habitually applied to things temporal or material cannot carry in themselves the sense of endlessness. Even when applied to God, we are not forced to render aionios everlasting. Of course the life of God is endless; but the question is whether, in describing God as aionios, it was intended to describe the duration of his being, or whether some different and larger idea was not contemplated.[23]

Arguments against the idea of eternal Hell[edit source]

Author Thomas Talbott states that if one believes in the idea of eternal Hell or that some souls will be destroyed, one must either let go of the idea that it is God's wish and desires to save all beings, or accept the idea that God wants to, but will not "successfully accomplish his will and satisfy his own desire in this matter."[24]

Author David Burnfield defends the postmortem view, that God continues to evangelize to people even after they die (1 Chron 16:34; Isa 9:2; Rom 8:35-39; Eph 4:8-9; 1 Pet 3:18-20; 4:6) The main problem with the traditional view – and one that has never been satisfactorily addressed – is how can one “accept Christ” if they have never heard of Christ, or were unable to understand the message for being too young or mentally handicapped, etc.

History[edit source]

See also: History of Christian universalism

According to the New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1912), over the first five hundred years of Christian history there are records of at least six theological schools: Four of these schools were Universalist (one each in Alexandria, Antioch, Caesarea, and Edessa–Nisibis), one taught conditional immortality (in Ephesus), and the last taught eternal hell (in Carthage or Rome).[25]

The Universalist Church of America, originally called the Universalist General Convention, emerged in the late 18th century from a mixture of Anabaptists, Moravians, liberal Quakers, and people influenced by Pietist movements such as Methodism.[26] Americans from these religious backgrounds gradually created a new denominational tradition of Christian Universalism during the 19th century. The Universalist Church of America grew to be the sixth largest denomination in the United States at its peak.

John Murray, who is called the "Father of American Universalism," was a disciple of the Welshman James Relly and promoted Relly's Universalist form of Methodism in America.[27] He was a central figure in the founding of the Universalist Church of America in 1793. He served as pastor of the Universalist Society of Boston and wrote many hymns.

Another important figure in early American Christian Universalism was George de Benneville, a French Huguenot preacher and physician who was imprisoned for advocating Universalism and later emigrated to Pennsylvania where he continued preaching on the subject. De Benneville was noted for his friendly and respectful relationship with Native Americans and his pluralistic and multicultural view of spiritual truth which was well ahead of his time. One of his most significant accomplishments was helping to produce the Sauer Bible, the first German language Bible printed in America. In this Bible version, passages teaching universal reconciliation were marked in boldface.[28]

Other significant early modern Christian Universalist leaders include Elhanan Winchester, a Baptist preacher who wrote several books promoting the universal salvation of all souls after a period in purgatory, who founded the first Universalist church in Philadelphia, and founded a church that ministered to African American slaves in South Carolina;[29] Hosea Ballou, a Universalist preacher and writer in New England;[30] and Hannah Whitall Smith, a writer and evangelist from a Quaker background who was active in the Holiness movement as well as the women's suffrage and temperance movements.[31]

A separate branch of Christian Universalism that arose in the early 20th century was the Primitive Baptist Universalists, also called "No-Hellers." They were a group of Baptists in the central and southern Appalachian Mountain region of the United States that taught universal reconciliation and, like Hosea Ballou, embraced the "Ultra-Universalist" position that there is no literal hell beyond earth.[32]

The Unity School of Christianity, founded in 1889 by Charles and Myrtle Fillmore, has taught some Universalist beliefs such as God's total goodness, the divine nature of human beings, and the rejection of the traditional Christian belief that God condemns people to hell.[33]

The Universalist Church of America gradually declined in the early to mid 20th century and merged with the American Unitarian Association in 1961, creating the modern-day Unitarian Universalist Association, which does not officially subscribe to exclusively Christian theology. Christian Universalism largely passed into obscurity for the next few decades with the end of the Universalist Church as a separate denomination. However, the Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship remains as an organization for Christians from the Unitarian Universalist tradition and liberal Christians interested in Unitarianism and Universalism.[34]

Some Christians from a Pentecostal background who were involved in the Latter Rain Movement of the 1940s and 1950s came to believe in the ideas of Christian Universalism on their own, separately from the Universalist Church tradition. They emphasized the teachings of universal reconciliation and theosis. These ideas were spread primarily through newsletters and traveling evangelists from the 1950s to 1980s, and were not typically identified by the term "Universalism." The only significant organization representing these beliefs that emerged within the Charismatic tradition was the Home Missions Church, a loosely organized network of ministers and house churches founded in 1944.

Universal reconciliation and pre-modern Christianity[edit source]

Main article: Universal reconciliation

Yale Professor of Philosophy Keith DeRose points out that in the Christian Scriptures there are verses which point to universal reconciliation and verses which point to destruction or eternal punishment for some. If we look only to scripture, he argues that Universalism is not only based in scripture, but has a stronger scriptural backing than the position of destruction or eternal damnation. Like early Christians, he points to Purgatorial Hell, a temporary place of cleansing of sin that will be necessary for some as a way to reconcile these seeming differences.[35]

Modern types[edit source]

There are three general types of Christian Universalism today – Evangelical Universalism, Charismatic Universalism, and Liberal Christian Universalism – which by themselves or in combination with one another describe the vast majority of currently existing and identifiable versions of Christian Universalist belief and practice.

Evangelical Universalism[edit source]

The type of Christian Universalism that departs the least from orthodox or traditional Protestant Christian doctrine is Evangelical (Christian) Universalism, also called Biblical or Trinitarian Universalism. Evangelical Universalists hold to conservative positions on most theological or doctrinal issues except for the doctrine of hell, in which case they assert universal reconciliation instead of eternal torment.[36] They tend to emphasize the substitutionary atonement of Jesus Christ for the sins of all humanity as the basis for their Universalism.

In 2006 a mainstream evangelical writer, revealed[37] as Robin Parry in 2009, under the pseudonym of "Gregory MacDonald" (taken from the names, Gregory of Nyssa and George MacDonald) released a book The Evangelical Universalist.[38] In 2008 this inspired the creation of a forum,[39] featuring "Gregory MacDonald" and Thomas Talbott, to discuss Evangelical Universalism and related topics. Evangelical Universalists derive a large part of their beliefs from Evangelicalism and Reformed theology. Many of them come from an Evangelical Christian background, but they may or may not identify with this movement and seek to remain with it.

Some Evangelical Universalists avoid using the word "Universalism" to describe their beliefs, perhaps because of the negative connotations of this word among conservative Christians. Alternative terms that are in use among Evangelical Universalists include the "Larger Hope" or "Blessed Hope" and the "Victorious Gospel."[40]

Charismatic Universalism[edit source]

Some Christians with a background in the Charismatic movement or Pentecostalism have developed a version of Universalism which could be called Charismatic (Christian) Universalism. Charismatic Universalists usually do not call their theology "Universalism" but commonly refer to their specific beliefs by the terms "Reconciliation" (shorthand for universal reconciliation, the doctrine of apocatastasis) and "Sonship" (shorthand for "Manifest Sonship" which is a variant of the doctrine of theosis).[41] The term "Feast of Tabernacles" is used by some Charismatic Universalists as a term for their post-Pentecostal spiritual tradition, reflecting a symbolic interpretation of this Jewish festival as an entrance into a fuller knowledge and relationship with God and understanding of God's plan for humanity.[42]

Charismatic Universalism is marked by its emphasis on theosis; the idea that the return of Christ is a body of perfected human beings who are the "Manifested Sons of God" instead of a literal return of the person of Jesus;[43] the idea that these Sons will reign on the earth and transform all other human beings from sin to perfection during an age that is coming soon (a version of millennialism);[44] and the absolute sovereignty of God, the nonexistence or severe limitation of human free will, and the inevitable triumph of God's plan of universal reconciliation.[45] Some see similarities to the teachings of Jacob Arminius, a Dutch theologian who tried to modify John Calvin's teachings about predestination.

Many Charismatic Universalists meet in house churches or do not belong to a church at all. Most of the evidence of Universalism existing as a school of thought within the Charismatic movement is found in a large number of internet-based ministries that are informally networked with one another.[46]

Liberal Christian Universalism[edit source]

Liberal Christian Universalists include some members of mainline Protestant denominations, some people influenced by the New Age and New Thought movements, some people in the emerging church movement, some Unitarian Universalists who continue to follow Jesus as their primary spiritual teacher, and some Christians from other religious backgrounds who may or may not attend church.

Liberal Christian Universalism emphasizes the all-inclusive love of God and tends to be more open to finding truth and value in non-Christian spiritual traditions compared to the attitude of other forms of Christian Universalism, while remaining generally Christ-centered.[47] In contrast to Evangelical Universalism, Liberal Christian Universalism views the Bible as an imperfect human document containing divine revelations, is not necessarily Trinitarian, and often downplays or rejects blood atonement theology in its view of the crucifixion of Jesus.[48] Some Liberal Christian Universalists believe in mystical philosophies such as panentheism and process theology, Gnostic or New Age ideas such as the preexistence and reincarnation of the soul,[49] and New Thought ideas such as the law of attraction.[50]

The Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship is an organization for Liberal Christian Universalists, especially those who belong to the Unitarian Universalist Association. The Liberal Catholic Church, the Catholic Universalist Church and the Unity Church are liberal Christian denominations which teach some Universalist beliefs.[51][52][53]

Hybrid types[edit source]

Former Pentecostal Bishop Carlton Pearson's "Gospel of Inclusion" appears to be a hybrid between Charismatic and Liberal Christian Universalism. He is now a minister in the United Church of Christ, a liberal Christian denomination, but continues to believe in some ideas and practices of Pentecostal or Charismatic forms of Christianity. Pearson has also incorporated some New Age and New Thought teachings into his message.[54] Brian McLaren is a Christian leader in the emerging church movement who is sympathetic to the idea of Universalism but does not embrace it.[55]

A number of ministers and evangelists connected with Restoration Nation conferences are Universalists who draw from both the Evangelical and Charismatic traditions.[56] One notable example is Robert Rutherford, a minister from Georgia (USA) who was a finalist on The Learning Channel's 2006 reality TV series "The Messengers."[57] Another example is Dick King, an independent Charismatic Baptist pastor in North Little Rock, Arkansas, whose church left the Southern Baptist Convention in 2004.[58]

The Christian Universalist Association is putting forth a message which seeks common ground among all major contemporary types of Christian Universalism.[59]

Modern proponents of Christian Universalism[edit source]

The conversion of Bishop Carlton Pearson to a form of Universalism and his subsequent excommunication by the Joint College of African-American Pentecostal Bishops in 2004 caused Christian Universalism to gain increased media attention because of Pearson's popularity and celebrity status.[60]

In 2007, Eric Stetson and Kalen Fristad gathered a group of thirteen ministers and evangelists from several denominations to found the Christian Universalist Association, an interdenominational organization for churches, ministries, and individuals who believe in Christian Universalism.[61] About the current state of Christian Universalism, they state: "Many Christian philosophers, theologians, writers, and scholars are coming to believe in a Universalist interpretation of Christianity. A rapidly growing number of books are being published on the subject of Christian Universalism. Hundreds of Christian Universalist websites have exploded across the internet over the past few years, run by people with a wide variety of religious backgrounds and viewpoints. It appears that Universalism is beginning to develop into one of the most significant ecumenical movements among Christians of our time."[62]

Disagreements[edit source]

There are many religious issues on which Christian Universalists disagree with each other, depending on their theological background and denominational tradition. Some examples include:

  • Various views of atonement
  • Whether non-Christians can be saved in Christ (inclusivism), or whether salvation occurs only after profession of belief in the Lordship of Jesus Christ (exclusivism).
  • Whether Christian Universalists should attend denominational churches in the hope of converting them, or should start their own new churches, or should leave the organized church entirely.[63]

See also[edit source]

References[edit source]

  1. ^ Gregory MacDonald. All Shall Be Well (2011), p. 1: ‘At the most simple level Christian universalism is the belief that God will (or, in the case of “hopeful universalism,” might) redeem all people through the saving work of Christ.’
  2. ^ Russell Streeter Familiar conversations: in which the salvation of all mankind is ... – Page 266 1835 "We now come to those distinguished men, MURRAY and WINCHESTER, who, as our oppo- sers would have people believe, were the inventors and first preachers of Christian Universalism."
  3. ^ not Russell Streeter. The Christian repository: Volume 9 – Page 218 Church of the United Brethren in Christ (1800–1889) – 1829 "In a piece entitled Christian Universalism, in the Christian Intelligencer, volume 3d, page 4, he wrote the following: "The Editor," speaking of himself, "deems it a solemn obligation to protest against proceedings calculated to make an"
  4. ^ The journal of Unitarian Universalist history: Volumes 26–28 Unitarian Universalist Historical Society – 1999 "The adoption of the name Christian Universalist can, nevertheless, be explained plausibly in the context of Dean's debate with Aesop. "
  5. ^ Vincent, Ken R. (July/August 2006). "The Salvation Conspiracy: How Hell Became Eternal". The Universalist Herald. See also: J.W. Hanson. Universalism: The Prevailing Doctrine Of The Christian Church During Its First 500 Years. Boston and Chicago: Universalist Publishing House, 1899. Archive: Prevailing Tentmaker.org.
  6. ^ Hanson, John Wesley. Universalism: The Prevailing Doctrine of the Christian Church During its First Five Hundred Years. ISBN 978-0559563157.
  7. ^ Vincent, Ken R. (January/February 2006). "Where Have All the Universalists Gone?". The Universalist Herald.
  8. ^ "Plain Guide to Universalism Chapter 2, Paragraph 1". Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2017-03-14.
  9. ^ Hanson, J.W. (1888). "Destroy Soul and Body in Hell". The Bible Hell(4th ed.). Boston: Universalist Publishing House.: "The immortal soul is not meant, but the life. As though Jesus had said: 'Fear Not those who can only kill the body, but rather him, who if he chose could annihilate the whole being.'"
  10. ^ "Historic and Universalist Professions of Faith". Auburn University. n.d. sec. Five Principles of Faith. Archived from the original on 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  11. ^ "The Christian Universalist Association > About Us / FAQ". Christianuniversalist.org. 2007-05-17. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  12. ^ [1] Archived 2016-08-26 at the Wayback Machine Plain Guide to Universalism Chapter 2, Section III There are some Universalists who hold to punishment after death, nevertheless, we are glad to hail them as Universalists. They agree with us in our views of the great consummation, -- all punishment, in their view, is disciplinary, and they denounce punishment, either in this world or the next, having any other object, as cruel and unjust.
  13. ^ Moss, Aron. "Do Jews Believe in Hell?". Chabad.org. Retrieved 25 February2020.
  14. ^ J. W. Hanson, citing Assemani Bib. Orientalis, III, p. 324.
  15. ^ Ramelli, Ilaria (2019). A Larger Hope?, Volume 1: Universal Salvation from Christian Beginnings to Julian of Norwich. Cascade Books. ISBN 9781610978842.
  16. ^ McMillen, Jacob "How & When The Idea of Eternal Torment Invaded Church Doctrine" [2]
  17. ^ "Tatian's Address to the Greeks, chap. XIII. & XIV". Retrieved 3 August2017.
  18. ^ [3]The Salvation Conspiracy: How Hell Became Eternal "The first person to write about Eternal Hell was the Latin North African Tertullian"
  19. ^ Edward Beecher, "HISTORY OF OPINIONS ON THE SCRIPTURAL DOCTRINE OF RETRIBUTION"[4] "What, then, was the state of facts as to the leading theological schools of the Christian world, in the age of Origen, and some centuries after? It was, in brief, this: There were at least six theological schools in the Church at large. Of these six schools, one, and only one, was decidedly and earnestly in favor of the doctrine of future eternal punishment. One was in favor of the annihilation of the wicked. Two were in favor of the doctrine of universal restoration on the principles of Origen, and two in favor of universal restoration on the principles of Theodore of Mopsuestia."
  20. ^ Jump up to:a b "The Salvation Conspiracy: How Hell Became Eternal".
  21. ^ ""Eternal" Punishment (Matthew 25:46) Is NOT Found In The Greek New Testament". www.tentmaker.org.
  22. ^ Gregg, Steve. All You ever Wanted to Know about Hell p.130=131
  23. ^ Vincent, Marvin. "Note on Olethron Aionion (eternal destruction)". Word Studies in the New Testament. Archived from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  24. ^ Talbott, Thomas, "Heaven and Hell in Christian Thought", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), forthcoming URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/heaven-hell/>. "Theists who accept the traditional idea of everlasting punishment, or even the idea of an everlasting separation from God, must either reject the idea that God wills or desires to save all humans and thus desires to reconcile them all to himself (see proposition (1) in section 1 above) or reject the idea that God will successfully accomplish his will and satisfy his own desire in this matter "
  25. ^ "Christian Universalism". The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. New York, London: Funk and Wagnalls Company. 12: 96.
  26. ^ "The Christian Universalist Association > History of Universalism". Christianuniversalist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  27. ^ "James Reilly" Archived 2008-04-14 at the Wayback Machine. UUA.org, "History: Early Modern". ChristianUniversalist.org.
  28. ^ "George de Benneville". 5-temp.uua.org. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  29. ^ "Elhanan Winchester" Archived 2008-08-20 at the Wayback Machine. UUA.org, "Biographies: Elehan Winchester". TentMaker.org.
  30. ^ "Hosea Ballou". 5-temp.uua.org. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  31. ^ "Hannah Whitall Smith". Tentmaker.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  32. ^ "The Christian Universalist Association > History of Universalism". Christianuniversalist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  33. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions about Unity". Unityonline.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  34. ^ "Who Are The UU Christians?". Uuchristian.org. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  35. ^ http://campuspress.yale.edu/keithderose/1129-2/#11
  36. ^ "Evangelical Universalism – Oxymoron". JasonClark.church February 25, 2008.
  37. ^ Parry, Robin (2009-08-29). "Theological Scribbles: I am the Evangelical Universalist". Theologicalscribbles.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  38. ^ MacDonald, Gregory (a pseudonym). The Evangelical Universalist. 2006. ISBN 1-59752-365-8
  39. ^ "Forum". Evangelicaluniversalist.com. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  40. ^ Amirault, Gary. "Tentmaker Ministries battles for the Victorious Gospel of Jesus Christ". Tentmaker.org. Tentmaker Ministries. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  41. ^ "From The Candlestick to the Throne, Part 33, The Church in Ephesus" (section "I Will Remove Your Candlestick"). Author refers to "the teaching or doctrine of reconciliation, sonship and the kingdom".
  42. ^ "Chapter 7 The Feast of Tabernacles". gods-kingdom-ministries.org, and "Coming into Light prt 1". ToSeekTheLight blog.
  43. ^ See "ID69" Archived 2008-07-19 at the Wayback Machine and "ID349" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine. HearingtheTruthofGod.com.
  44. ^ "ID269" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback MachineHearingtheTruthofGod.com.
  45. ^ "Free Moral Agent-Eby", Tentmaker.org, and "ID116" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine. HearingTheTruthOfGod.com].
  46. ^ "is one of the largest collections of links to Charismatic Universalist websites, ministries, house churches and groups". Sigler.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  47. ^ Non-Christian. SaviorOfTheWOrld.net. Example of this view.
  48. ^ See "Deity of Christ", "(section "Christian Universalism 'Endorsed' by Jesus Seminar" Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, and "Metaphysical Bible" Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine, NewBeginningMinistries.com.
  49. ^ See Oneness True Spiritual Life" Archived 2008-09-10 at the Wayback Machine, "Conclusion" and "Reincarnation". SavioroftheWorld.com.
  50. ^ See "Pastor compares church". SPTimes.com, July 14, 2007. and "You are not your DNS" Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine. Newbeginningsministryies.com.
  51. ^ "See especially the section entitled "The Liberal Catholic Act of Faith"". Members.tripod.com. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  52. ^ "Unity". Bible.ca
  53. ^ "Who we are: Teachings". UnityOnline.org.
  54. ^ "New Thought Ministries of Oregon – NTMO.org Homepage". Ntmo.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  55. ^ See "Brian's rejection that he is a Universalist" Archived 2009-08-08 at the Wayback Machine. See "Mark Driscoll criticizes fellow Evangelical Brian McLaren for his "denial of hell" and other liberal theological ideas."Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine See also "McLaren discusses his struggle" with the doctrine of eternal hell and his unwillingness to embrace and preach it. Beliefnet.com.
  56. ^ "Videos of many conference speakers"[permanent dead link]. Restoration-nation.tv.
  57. ^ See "Meet the Messengers" Archived 2008-07-05 at the Wayback Machine. Discovery.com, and Robert Rutherford blog.
  58. ^ "Our Journey" Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Machine. Indian Hills Church.
  59. ^ "The Christian Universalist Association > A Unique Spiritual Movement". ChristianUniversalist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  60. ^ "'Inclusionism' deemed heresy". Washington Times. WashTimes.com. 2004-04-20. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  61. ^ "The Christian Universalist Association > Special Events > Founding Board Meeting". ChristianUniversalist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  62. ^ "The History of Universalism (Part Two)".
  63. ^ "Should we Form Universalist" and "FAQ: Organization" offer two very different views on this subject.

Further reading[edit source]

  • Bressler, Ann Lee (2001). The Universalist Movement in America, 1770–1880. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Ezekiel Stone Wiggins Universalism unfounded being a complete analysis and refutation of the system Published 1867 in Nepean, Ontario Universalism unfounded
  • Cassara, Ernest, ed. (1971). Universalism in America: A Documentary History of a Liberal Faith. Skinner House Books.

External links[edit source]

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Christianity for People Who Aren’t Christians: James Emery White

Christianity for People Who Aren’t Christians: Uncommon Answers to Common Questions (Audio Download): James Emery White, Tom Parks, Recorded Books: Amazon.com.au: Books



Christianity for People Who Aren’t Christians: Uncommon Answers to Common Questions Audible Logo Audible Audiobook – Unabridged

James Emery White (Author), Tom Parks (Narrator), Recorded Books (Publisher)
4.8 out of 5 stars    109 ratings

 ---
Are you tired of getting the standard cookie-cutter answers to questions you aren't even asking?

This candid book offers uncommon answers to both classic and bleeding-edge questions you may have about Christians and Christianity, such as:

Is there a God?

Why do the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus matter?

Why is there so much suffering in the world?

Why do Christians think there is only one way to know God?

How do I reconcile the Bible's picture of Christ's followers with the actual Christians I know who have disappointed me?

Covering such topics as astrophysics, social justice, and acceptance of the LGBTQ community, this one-of-a-kind book is perfect for anyone skeptical of Christianity who values honest answers to their honest questions.

---
Customer reviews
4.8 out of 5 stars

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Leah S
5.0 out of 5 stars Fantastic book!
Reviewed in Canada on 17 June 2020
Verified Purchase
Read this book so quickly. White is a fantastic writer who is engaging, funny, and honest. Highly recommend for anyone who is “on the fence” about Christianity, but also for long time followers of Jesus!

 
Jeremy Manuel
5.0 out of 5 stars A Great Resource, But I Do Wonder How Non-Christians Would Respond to This Book
Reviewed in the United States on 6 November 2019
Verified Purchase
Christianity for People Who Aren't Christians by James Emery White is a book geared towards non-believers. In it he attempts to answer some of the big questions that people have when coming towards faith and particularly faith in Christianity. He starts out with the bigger questions and then narrows his focus as he goes.

He starts out with the questions of whether it is reasonable to believe there is a god in the first place, not even focusing on if that god is the God of the Bible or not. He then moves to that question afterwards continuing on to focus on Jesus and then the Bible. He ends up focusing on the church and even the failing of the church to act like Christians in their own walks.

All of these questions are approached in a relevant conversational way, but White approaches these subjects at a very intellectual level. While done in a relatable way, you can tell he's done his research and the book contains lots of citations and references to other works. I also feel he has a fairly good pulse on the questions that people are asking in regards to faith.

Now that's not to say I thought the book was perfect (honestly I'd probably be rating it a 4.5 if I could). I think my biggest question is wondering how many people would actually pick this up who aren't Christians, which is a big question since this book is definitely geared towards that group. As a Christian myself I view this as a great resource, but I wonder how many non-Christians would be interested in a book like this? I only say this because I came to faith in my late teens. My lack of faith was more of a lack of interest and awareness than it was due to a lack of answers. So I just wonder if I would have even been interested in a book like this at that time.

There were also a couple of small issues that stuck out to me too as I was reading the book. The one that bothered me the most was that I felt he kind of brushed off the pain that denominations can cause people. I felt like this was an important one because I feel that some people will have experienced great pain at the hands of a denomination that placed its own precepts over the Bible and hurt people in that process. He didn't explore that side of things very well in my opinion. While I agreed that denominations aren't bad and are often due to our preferences, I also feel that there is a dark side to denominations that needed to be named a bit more than was. Again, this is mainly because I think being hurt by a certain denomination is a real thing for people who may have grown up in the church, but not fit a certain denominational model that was equated to what Christianity was all about.

Overall, I really enjoyed Christianity for People Who Aren't Christians. I really enjoy the way that White approaches his topic and you can tell it is from someone who interacts with these questions on a fairly regular basis. However, I was left wondering how many non-Christians will access this work that was crafted for them. I hope many do, but maybe that's more of the job of Christians who have read the book than of the book on its own.
Read less
11 people found this helpful

 = ===
 
CourtneyT
5.0 out of 5 stars An Exceptional and Thought Provoking Read
Reviewed in the United States on 6 November 2019
Verified Purchase
I am a skeptic, always questioning everything. I am particularly cautious of accepting anything I read about faith and religion. 

I am also a Christian. It took me years to come around to Christianity due to my skeptical nature and my tendency to analyze an issue from every possible angle before forming an opinion regarding the same. I respect James Emery White for being honest about his own faith journey, and appreciate that he has written a book that feels like it was written with me - and every other person who has ever questioned or is currently questioning whether or not there is a God - in mind. Dr. White's book has depth and is not judgmental towards those of us who ask extra questions and insist upon more exacting proofs. Regardless of what you believe now or choose to believe after reading this book, I highly recommend you give it a go. It is thought provoking.
7 people found this helpful

 
Walter Cooper
5.0 out of 5 stars Honest answers to questions that people are really asking.
Reviewed in the United States on 5 November 2019
Verified Purchase
In Christianity for People Who Aren’t Christians, James Emery White combines his knowledge and experience as a pastor, theologian, and student of culture to bring answers to questions people are really asking. This book systematically walks through Christian truth (and tradition) with an eye and ear toward the type of person Dr. White deals with daily… inquiring, questioning, curious, sometimes antagonistic, unbelievers. Most of these are young and aren’t interested in the “shallow” answers they might have heard growing up.

The book begins with presenting God, “Is He Real or Not?” and moves through typical and atypical questions with answers that are conversational but laden with Biblical, historical, and inspirational truth.

One of my favorite aspects of each of Dr. White’s books is his respect for the dignity of unbelievers. This book is no different. Whether it is a question about the existence of God or something far more current like “What does God really say about LGBTQ issues? (and other cultural issues), Dr. White believes Christianity and the Bible have answers that need to be heard. These questions are pressing on the hearts and minds of non-Christians and must be answered with respect, consideration, and honesty.

Dr. White does not shy away from identifying short comings of the church (historically and currently) but gives answers that will challenge the heart of a person turned off by a tradition he or she considers outdated and stale.

I encourage unbelievers and believers to read this book. Often we fail ourselves and those around us because we have no or little foundation for what we believe. I highly recommend this book.
Read less
5 people found this helpful
= = =
 
beareft
3.0 out of 5 stars kind of disappointed
Reviewed in the United States on 30 December 2019
Verified Purchase
I loved this book until he hit the topic of Creation. He switched over to the logical science explanation and statistics about the earth's ( and universe's ) age because it didn't make sense to him that God COULD create the world in 6 days. He answered the Creation account was poetic and not to be taken literally. The problem of carbon dating (and etc. ) is you are making the assumption that everything was created without age. Man was made full grown, animals, plants, the planet, stars... God did not need to take time to create- he created time. You can't take away what God describes as fact because it doesn't follow what science says......
5 people found this helpful
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====
Christianity for People Who Aren't Christians: Uncommon Answers to Common Questions
by James Emery White

 4.33  ·   Rating details ·  80 ratings  ·  19 reviews


"I wish this book had been around when I was an atheist and started to seek God. It's a no-nonsense, practical, and insightful guide that will help all those on a quest for spiritual truth. If you're investigating whether there's any substance to the Christian faith, you must read this important book."--Lee Strobel, former award-winning legal editor of the Chicago Tribune and bestselling author of more than twenty books

***

In our post-Christian age, the old answers for skeptics are no longer cutting it. Why? Because they largely seek to answer the wrong questions. Our world is changing, and while the gospel never changes, the way we talk about it and learn about it must.

Christianity for People Who Aren't Christians answers both classic and bleeding-edge questions that skeptics have about the faith, such as

- Is there a God?
- Why do the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus matter?
- Why is there so much suffering in the world?
- Why do Christians think there is only one way to know God?
- How do I reconcile the Bible's picture of Christ's followers with the actual Christians I know who have disappointed me?

Covering such topics as astrophysics, social justice, and acceptance of the LGBTQ community, this one-of-a-kind book is perfect for those skeptical of Christianity and for those who love them and want to keep the line of communication open. (less)
====
 Average rating4.33  ·  Rating details ·  80 ratings  ·  19 reviews
===

Write a review
Danielle Hammelef
Nov 26, 2019Danielle Hammelef rated it it was amazing
As soon as I read the premise of this book, I knew I had to read it. I requested and received a copy from the publisher, who only asked that I review it honestly.

Raised as a Catholic myself, I have always considered myself a Christian, but have always felt in my heart that I lacked the connection to what it really means to call myself a Christian. This author, in a conversational and sometimes humorous tone, took me step by   step through the questions I've always had about God, Jesus, and the church, even providing scientific evidence in historical cases. I truly believe this book will help more people who already consider themselves Christians and believers, as this book has already made a huge difference in my life. Here are just a few of my eye-opening quotes from the book:

p. 110 "The best and simplest definition of grace is ... getting what you don't deserve and not getting what you do....Second chances."

p. 145 "It's [The Bible] not a human book. It was written by humans, but as they were moved by God. It refects their personalities, vocabulary, and writing style, but the act of writing was stirred by God."

P. 199 "Christians may disappoint you, but Jesus won't."

p. 200 "God cares deeply about every human being on this planet--he loves them and wants to be in a relationship with them."

I will keep this book and open it often in my faith journey, especially the prayer included in the final chapter. highly recommended. (less)
flag2 likes · Like  · see review


Tom Greentree
May 05, 2021Tom Greentree rated it really liked it
A book that actually addresses someone who is considering the Christian faith or interested in knowing more, without assuming knowledge and without being patronizing. There are very few like this. Helpful.
flag1 like · Like  · comment · see review


Conrade Yap
Dec 25, 2019Conrade Yap rated it really liked it
What does it mean to share the gospel? What about those who don't understand the Christian language or common lingos? Is there are way to share the gospel simply without expecting pre-requisite knowledge from the hearers? Yes there is a way. Author and pastor James Emery White shows us the way to answer common questions that non-Christians ask, and how we could answer them.

He tackles the question of God by asking: "What kind of God do you believe in?" Going into the sciences and the question of origins, White raises question after question from the perception of the seeker. How do life begin? What made it come together? Is the idea of supernaturalism realistic? White approaches the topic from a scientific angle, asking probing questions to show readers that all of the human race begin with significantly common ground. Things happen from something. We are more than simply a body of DNA. He makes a strong case that without God, explaining life does not make sense. He asks questions about morality, about family, and things which society at large are concerned about. Science is great but it can only cover limited ground.


There is an interesting article from an atheist blogger who lists the things that would not have occurred if there is a God. The atheist lists all the negative things such as poverty, genocide, atrocity, loneliness, death, and so on. The underlying presumption is that God can only exist if these suffering effects are non-existent. It is like saying that God can only be in existence if He had sterilized life! In fact, rather than to argue against evil as the reason against God, the fact that there is goodness in human soul is a strong argument against atheism. Other topics covered include:

- What to make of God's wrath?
- Who is Jesus?
- Is Jesus God?
- Why did Jesus come?
- His death and resurrection?
- Significance of the resurrection?
- The impact and reality of sin.
- Different ways to God?
- Existence of heaven and hell
- The Bible
- The Church and the many denominations

What about Christians are are plainly unChristian? (Legalistic, Judgmental, Hypocritical, Intolerant, and Sexist)
...
My Thoughts
==============
White has two main objectives in writing this book. First, he wants to explain the faith for non-Christians especially those without any "foundational knowledge." This is covered mostly in the first few chapters of the book. Second, he tries to answer some common objections to the faith. Between the two, I find that White does a better job answering the second question than the first. In fact, the book tends to deal with the second question more. For a book that is intended for non-Christian readers, White starts well by engaging in science and technology to build the bigger common space for discussion.

I must say that the title of the book is captivating already. Imagine having a book written by a Christian for non-Christians. That takes a lot of courage. For White to be able to do this is commendable. The tone is inviting. White probes and asks questions like a seeker or non-believer might ask. Right from the onset, he invites readers to have a "healthy amount of doubt." Some Christians might find this taboo, but it is altogether an act of faith to let people begin where they are. If the gospel is true and steadfast, we should not afraid of it being challenged. All legitimate doubts are worth engaging with. After all, positively speaking, doubts are like questions to help us get closer to the truth. Readers ought to give themselves permission to ask open and honest questions. White not only asks questions about faith and doubt on behalf of non-believers, he addresses the sad case of evangelicals's negative image. He does this in chapter 7 by giving us a list of problems associated with Christianity that turn non-Christians off. Rightly or wrongly, the big five, legalism, judgmentalism, hypocrisy, intolerance, and sexism are things that give evangelicals a bad name. Rather than take the defensive approach, White humbly admits that we are the problem. He then shows us that there is a difference between Jesus and those who claim to follow Jesus. We cannot let the latter derail us from seeking the truth. It would be a pity if we abandon faith just because of a few bad apples. I like the quiet defense done in a way that does not dismiss the critiques but show readers that there are more similarities than differences in how we all see the world and culture around us. That said, we cannot expect everyone to agree with the author or the approach he has taken. There is a wide spectrum of non-believers. Some will never be convinced no matter how the arguments are placed. These are not the kind of readers White is aiming at. The people who would find the book reasonable and acceptable would be those who are open to the truth, and not afraid to ask probing questions about Christianity and also what they are currently believing. This takes humility on all sides. Just like White has adopted a posture of openness and humility, readers who would benefit most would also be those who would reciprocate.

This book gives us a fresh and unassuming approach to apologetics.

James Emery White is the founding and senior pastor of Mecklenburg Community Church in Charlotte, North Carolina; president of Serious Times, Inc., a ministry that explores the intersection of faith and culture and hosts this website, ChurchAndCulture.org which features his messages and blogs; ranked adjunct professor of theology and culture at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, where he also served as their fourth president; and author of more than twenty books that have been translated into ten languages.

Rating: 4 stars of 5.

conrade
This book has been provided courtesy of Baker Books and NetGalley without requiring a positive review. All opinions offered above are mine unless otherwise stated or implied. (less)
flagLike  · comment · see review


Jeremy Manuel
Nov 05, 2019Jeremy Manuel rated it it was amazing
Shelves: christianity, culture, apologetics
Christianity for People Who Aren't Christians by James Emery White is a book geared towards non-believers. In it he attempts to answer some of the big questions that people have when coming towards faith and particularly faith in Christianity. He starts out with the bigger questions and then narrows his focus as he goes.

He starts out with the questions of whether it is reasonable to believe there is a god in the first place, not even focusing on if that god is the God of the Bible or not. He then moves to that question afterwards continuing on to focus on Jesus and then the Bible. He ends up focusing on the church and even the failing of the church to act like Christians in their own walks.

All of these questions are approached in a relevant conversational way, but White approaches these subjects at a very intellectual level. While done in a relatable way, you can tell he's done his research and the book contains lots of citations and references to other works. I also feel he has a fairly good pulse on the questions that people are asking in regards to faith.

Now that's not to say I thought the book was perfect (honestly I'd probably be rating it a 4.5 if I could). I think my biggest question is wondering how many people would actually pick this up who aren't Christians, which is a big question since this book is definitely geared towards that group. As a Christian myself I view this as a great resource, but I wonder how many non-Christians would be interested in a book like this? I only say this because I came to faith in my late teens. My lack of faith was more of a lack of interest and awareness than it was due to a lack of answers. So I just wonder if I would have even been interested in a book like this at that time.

There were also a couple of small issues that stuck out to me too as I was reading the book. The one that bothered me the most was that I felt he kind of brushed off the pain that denominations can cause people. I felt like this was an important one because I feel that some people will have experienced great pain at the hands of a denomination that placed its own precepts over the Bible and hurt people in that process. He didn't explore that side of things very well in my opinion. While I agreed that denominations aren't bad and are often due to our preferences, I also feel that there is a dark side to denominations that needed to be named a bit more than was. Again, this is mainly because I think being hurt by a certain denomination is a real thing for people who may have grown up in the church, but not fit a certain denominational model that was equated to what Christianity was all about.

Overall, I really enjoyed Christianity for People Who Aren't Christians. I really enjoy the way that White approaches his topic and you can tell it is from someone who interacts with these questions on a fairly regular basis. However, I was left wondering how many non-Christians will access this work that was crafted for them. I hope many do, but maybe that's more of the job of Christians who have read the book than of the book on its own. (less)
flagLike  · comment · see review
Walter Cooper
Nov 08, 2019Walter Cooper rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
In Christianity for People Who Aren’t Christians, James Emery White combines his knowledge and experience as a pastor, theologian, and student of culture to bring answers to questions people are really asking. This book systematically walks through Christian truth (and tradition) with an eye and ear toward the type of person Dr. White deals with daily… inquiring, questioning, curious, sometimes antagonistic, unbelievers. Most of these are young and aren’t interested in the “shallow” answers they might have heard growing up.

The book begins with presenting God, “Is He Real or Not?” and moves through typical and atypical questions with answers that are conversational but laden with Biblical, historical, and inspirational truth.

One of my favorite aspects of each of Dr. White’s books is his respect for the dignity of unbelievers. This book is no different. Whether it is a question about the existence of God or something far more current like “What does God really say about LGBTQ issues? (and other cultural issues), Dr. White believes Christianity and the Bible have answers that need to be heard. These questions are pressing on the hearts and minds of non-Christians and must be answered with respect, consideration, and honesty.

Dr. White does not shy away from identifying short comings of the church (historically and currently) but gives answers that will challenge the heart of a person turned off by a tradition he or she considers outdated and stale.

I encourage unbelievers and believers to read this book. Often we fail ourselves and those around us because we have no or little foundation for what we believe. I highly recommend this book. #forpeoplewhoarent
(less)
flagLike  · comment · see review


MaryAnn Bell
Dec 07, 2019MaryAnn Bell rated it it was amazing
In our post-Christian age, the old answers for skeptics are no longer cutting it. Why? Because they largely seek to answer the wrong questions. Our world is changing, and while the gospel never changes, the way we talk about it and learn about it must.

Christianity for People Who Aren't Christians answers both classic and bleeding-edge questions that skeptics have about the faith, such as

- Is there a God?
- Why do the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus matter?
- Why is there so much suffering in the world?
- Why do Christians think there is only one way to know God?
- How do I reconcile the Bible's picture of Christ's followers with the actual Christians I know who have disappointed me?

Covering such topics as astrophysics, social justice, and acceptance of the LGBTQ community, this one-of-a-kind book is perfect for those skeptical of Christianity and for those who love them and want to keep the line of communication open.



My Thoughts: This is a wonderful book for those interested in apologetics and evangelism. The reader will find great answers to many questions from those who don't understand or believe in our Lord and Savior. I recommend that all Christians read this book to have answers on hand.



If you know someone who is doubting, a skeptic, if you have questions, or just want to learn more about apologetics, this is the book to read. It's not a huge thick book on theology, just the right size to answer all the questions that may come up. Certainly, a must-read for anyone. (less)
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Scott
Jan 03, 2022Scott rated it it was ok
This book is a good attempt and has great information and things to think about.
It is also well written

I hope that the good of this book can be useful

But with regards to a higher purpose of Christian though

I find it to be to go over the same wishy washy trite and unconvincing arguments

This book is not a good idea for Christianity for non Christians

As a Christian, I find that when it comes to certain arguments and rhetoric it does no good to use these strategies since they are weak and unhelpful.

For example the lunatic, liar, lord, legend thing just seems hollow and flat

It hurts my brain and makes me sad. It seems duplicitous. Are Christians aware these are thing arguments? Or are they trying to pull a fast one on us.

I am a Christian and a believer. I don’t believe the title is ingenuous because it is an apologetic for non Christians to turn to faith but uses arguments that feel dissatisfying.

This leads to even deeper misunderstandings between Christians and non Christians because the Christian may become complacent and confused at why non Christians have not taken up a shoddy argument.

And then believing their beliefs rest in firm arguments don’t live out the Christian life and remain convinced that people will use their understanding through books such as these to get there

I appreciate this writing style thank you (less)
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Joan
Nov 06, 2019Joan rated it liked it  ·  review of another edition
White's book is a good addition to the genre of defending or explaining Christianity. His goal is twofold. He wants to explain Christianity to people who have little or know knowledge of it and answers some of the most common questions about Christian faith.

Having read a number of books on Christian apologetics, I did not find anything earth shakingly new in this one. White's writing style is very conversational rather than academic which would appeal to many thinking about investigating Christianity. He came to Christian faith as an adult so understands many of the questions people have about it. He draws frequently on the thoughts of C. S. Lewis, one who came to Christian faith later in life and excelled in well thought out answers to questions about Christianity.

White addresses many of the issues people question today. His exploration of them may satisfy faith seekers or at least get them moving on a path toward Christian faith. I suggest believers give this book to a friend they know is questioning faith. Read it first then continue the discussion with your own personal insights.

I received a complimentary egalley of this book from the publisher. My comments are an independent and honest review. (less)
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Beverly Jones
Feb 19, 2020Beverly Jones rated it really liked it
This is a great book for people who are on the fence about Christianity and its teachings. The author digs deep and answers the hard questions in a way that those whose faith is wary can relate. White uses a nonjudgmental approach that will resonate well with apprehensive readers. He touches on all subjects including creation, suffering, Biblical stories, characteristics of Jesus, and much more. This would be a great Bible study for emerging believers. I have been a Christian for many years and I benefitted from this book, as well. A lot of the information and answered questions in this book are subjects that really opened my eyes and made me think. I believe that is an important characteristic for defining a great book. Whether using this as a teaching tool or a way to answer all the religious questions on your personal spiritual journey, you will definitely gain insight and understanding from this book. Thanks so much to BakerBooks and the author for the chance to read and review this book! (less)
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Nancy Larimer
Nov 22, 2019Nancy Larimer rated it it was amazing
Christianity for People Who Are Not Christians by James Emery White is a non fiction book. James Emery White has wonderful experience as a pastor , theologian to write this book. It addresses the many questions that skeptics ask about Christianity. The book is well written and very easy to read and understand. I like the variety of questions the author addresses. So often people have a wide range of questions when they try to decide if Christianity is right for them. Lee Strobel who is a known author was an atheist. He says He wishes this book was available when He was wrestling with his questions. I highly recommend this book . I appreciate the publisher for allowing me to read and review this book. It is an excellent resource for the Christian and the non Christian. The opinions are my own . I am posting my review on facebook, my blog, Amazon, Goodreads, CBd.com (less)
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Alice  Wallace
Dec 11, 2019Alice Wallace rated it really liked it  ·  review of another edition
This author was the pastor of the church I attended for a year in Charlotte. He is very adept at speaking to the issues that non-believers in Christianity have. I have been a Christian since I was six, and I understand my faith is true because I’ve experienced God’s presence for so long. I don’t have as many questions. But even for me, this book was worthwhile reading. I think it could easily and safely be given to the person who has an interest in knowing more about the Christian faith and who is willing to honestly think through their doubts and questions. The title is appropriate. (One caveat for the literal creationist: the author does not believe in a literal 24 hour, 7 day creation. But this should NOT keep anyone from using the book to aid the searching person.) (less)
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Viktor Nilsson
Jun 28, 2020Viktor Nilsson rated it really liked it  ·  review of another edition
I like the author's humble and open attitude, although there where just a few too many "aha - I bet you could never imagine christians being ths liberal!"-moments. I read this book because I want to explore christianity, and see what religious belief can give you. This book provides some of that, but I would say that it is mostly an exploration into what Christianity is, in more factual terms. I could have done without the first few chapters because I don't think any religion should be proven or disproven. That said, I came to appreciate all aspects in the end, since on the whole it all provides a clear introduction into what it means to be a christian. An easy and quite comfortable read, even for somebody who won't agree to all the reasoning. (less)
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Jeremiah Cannon
Nov 02, 2019Jeremiah Cannon rated it it was amazing
For anyone who is skeptical of Christianity - this book is FOR you! I don’t merely mean one you should get, but one that was written for you to better understand the claims of Christianity. It was written so that many of your questions can be answered. It was written so that your Christian friends could understand what to share with you. It was written for YOUR benefit. It answers many questions I wrestled through and explains things every believer needs to be aware of. So whether you are skeptical or a believer, GET THIS BOOK! (less)
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Jamie Richardson
Dec 26, 2021Jamie Richardson rated it really liked it
Relatable, easy to read, and useful. This is a good read for the common skeptic or cynic. White breaks things down simply, which naturally leads to a few more technical questions going unanswered. However, I consider it a great starting place to some of the most common questions regarding Christianity.
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Stacy
Nov 05, 2019Stacy rated it it was amazing
I’ve thoroughly enjoyed this book, and I think you will, too! If you or anyone you know has questions about Christianity or you’d like to learn more about your faith (it’s like Theology 101!), I’d highly recommend it!
#forpeoplewhoarent
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Jennie
Nov 23, 2019Jennie rated it liked it
A good book for those who struggle with faith, have questions (but don't want to ask), or new to faith. The author answers common questions of those who are not or new to Christianity and gives a broad overview of Christianity and history. (less)
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Julia 
Mar 01, 2020Julia rated it really liked it
This is an excellent book for those who are asking questions about the Christian faith or looking for a book to give to friends who may be searching. The author is engaging, empathetic and explains faith well. I highly recommend.
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Gaynell
Jun 13, 2020Gaynell rated it it was amazing
Although I am already a Christian, I read the book. I gained some insight that I hadn't had with the reading. This book is good for the Christian and the -Christian alike. I really liked the way it was written. Anyone could understand the language. (less)
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Glenda
Feb 10, 2020Glenda rated it it was amazing
Very informative book; well written
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