Workshop addressing loneliness in aged care oversubscribed - Australian Ageing Agenda

Workshop addressing loneliness in aged care oversubscribed - Australian Ageing Agenda

Workshop addressing loneliness in aged care oversubscribed



An online interactive and evidence-based workshop is aiming to help aged care workers develop and implement strategies to reduce the increasing loneliness and isolation that many aged care residents are experiencing.

Next Tuesday’s workshop, which is hosted by the National Ageing Research Institute, will also explore the psychology behind loneliness, what causes it and the common issues aged care recipients are experiencing.

“Loneliness and isolation have increased over the last two years as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic,” NARI senior principal research fellow and workshop facilitator Professor Colleen Doyle told Australian Ageing Agenda.
Professor Colleen Doyle

“A survey we collaborated on found that during the pandemic nearly half of residents experienced loneliness and a third experienced anxiety in response to COVID-19,” Professor Doyle said.

“Previous research has indicated that many residents have had no visitors even before the pandemic, and the pandemic restrictions on visitors has extended that social isolation to all the residents for long periods during lockdowns.”

The interest in the workshop also indicates the prevalence of the issues, she said. “The workshop is currently oversubscribed with a waiting list so the topic must be on people’s minds.”

Professor Doyle, an honorary professor at Swinburne University and Deakin University, and Marcia Fearn, a NARI research officer who has a background in psychology and social science, will lead the event.
Marcia Fearn

Ms Fearn is also the project coordinator for the BEFRIENDAS program, which involves training volunteers who visit aged care residents weekly to help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety and decrease loneliness and social isolation.

“Our befriending research has enrolled over 200 people living in residential aged care in the last two years, and we have found that among that group of people with depression symptoms, the addition of a new person making contact in whatever way is allowed by visiting restrictions has been welcomed and participants have been very happy with the contacts made,” Professor Doyle said.
Effective strategies

The workshop will involve a discussion of the strategies participants have found effective. It will also explore the evidence behind several approaches, such as social prescribing interventions like physical activity with friends, in person or online groups such as peer support and reading groups, and befriending.

“We outline in the workshop the need for strategies to be individualised and co-designed with the individual so not all strategies work for everyone,” Professor Doyle said.

The workshop addresses the first and fourth aged care standards – consumer dignity and choice and services and supports for daily living.

Strategies for tackling loneliness in aged care will be delivered over Zoom on Tuesday 22 February from 9:30am to 12:00pm.

Due to the high demand, NARI is planning a follow up workshop but has not set a date yet.

Training helps volunteers set boundaries - Australian Ageing Agenda

Training helps volunteers set boundaries - Australian Ageing Agenda

by Sandy Cheu August 28, 2019

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POSTED INCLINICALEXECUTIVERESEARCHSOCIAL & WELLBEING

Training helps volunteers set boundaries

Volunteers benefit from training sessions prior to getting to know residents, the early findings of a befriending study show.

The National Ageing Research Institute is a quarter of the way into a four-year research project looking at the impact that volunteer-led befriending has on the mental health of aged care residents (read more here).

To date, 38 volunteers aged 20 to 95 have attended a training session before befriending 38 residents at six Victorian residential aged care facilities.

NARI senior principal research fellow and project lead researcher Professor Colleen Doyle said early findings show that vounteers value the training before commencing their interactions with residents.

“The volunteers do think training is essential to help with the support of their befriending even though it’s a very simple idea of going to visit someone that is in residential aged care to talk with them about every day things,” Professor Doyle told Australian Ageing Agenda.

Professor Doyle will present early findings of the study at the Australian Association of Gerontology conference in Sydney in November, where she will also talk about what helps volunteers support aged care residents.

Professor Colleen Doyle

Professor Doyle said volunteers found the training sessions helpful because it dealt with setting boundaries about interactions with residents including respect, confidentiality and not providing or receiving financial support or gifts.

“We also give them some information 

• about communication skills with someone who may be having health issues, 
• how to handle a conversation with someone who is a stranger when they start out, 
• what sort of topics are good to talk about and the ones to avoid,”

 Professor Doyle said.

The training has also provided volunteers with information on conversing with residents and what to expect when visiting an aged care facility, she said.

“Some of our volunteers have never been to a nursing home before… so we try to prepare them for what they are going to see and what it’s going to feel like to walk into someone’s communal living space,” Professor Doyle said.

The volunteers also appreciate receiving ongoing support over the phone or email, she said.

Professor Doyle said a few volunteers have left the study and a few residents have passed away but no residents have opted out.

The study will continue to recruit volunteers and residents on an ongoing basis and conduct field work for another two years.

Professor Doyle said it was too early to investigate whether volunteer-led befriending reduced loneliness and depression among the residents.

The study is expected to report by mid-2022.

NARI’s project, which received a $652,000 grant, is among seven studies to share in $5 million in a program jointly funded by beyondblue and the National Health and Medical Research Council to the improve mental health of older Australians in (read more here).

The Australian Association of Gerontology conference will take place at the International Convention Centre Sydney on 5 – 8 November. Find out more here.

Australian Ageing Agenda is a media partner to AAG.

Comment below to have your say on this story

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Theories of Ageing - Physiopedia

Theories of Ageing - Physiopedia




Theories of Ageing
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Biological Ageing


Most people will live to experience aging. Age-related deterioration is affecting an ever-growing number of people. Although the process is unavoidable, it is important to understand the process. As a physiotherapist, we might be able to positively influence aspects that maintain or engender better health and wellness as a person ages, treating and ameliorating symptoms of common conditions associated with aging.

In the past, maximum life span (the maximum biological limit of life in an ideal environment) was not thought to be subject to change with the process of aging considered non-adaptive, and subject to genetic traits. In the early 1900s, a series of flawed experiments by researcher Alexis Carrel demonstrated that in an optimal environment, cells of higher organisms (chickens) were able to divide continually, leading people to believe our cells to potentially possess immortal properties. In the 1960’s Leonard Hayflick[1] disproved this theory by identifying a maximal number of divisions a human cell could undergo in culture (known as the Hayflick limit), which set our maximal life span at around 115 years. Life span is the key to the intrinsic biological causes of aging, as these factors ensure an individual’s survival to a certain point until biological aging eventually causes death.

There are many theories about the mechanisms of age-related changes, and they are mutually exclusive, no one theory is sufficiently able to explain the process of aging, and they often contradict one another. A literature review[2] highlights that centenarians have healthy ageing because of the delay in processes like physiological decline and age-related diseases or syndromes. The review discusses that genetic component which plays an important role in longevity. The researchers suggest that biology of centenarians yields a key for intervention to promote healthy ageing in the general population.


Modern biological theories of aging in humans currently fall into two main categories: programmed and damage or error theories.
The programmed theories imply that aging follows a biological timetable (regulated by changes in gene expression that affect the systems responsible for maintenance, repair and defense responses), and the damage or error theories emphasize environmental assaults to living organisms that induce cumulative damage at various levels as the cause of aging[3].

These two categories of theory[4] are also referred to as non-programmed aging theories based on evolutionary concepts (where ageing is considered the result of an organism’s inability to better combat natural deteriorative processes), and programmed ageing theories (which consider ageing to ultimately be the result of a biological mechanism or programme that purposely causes or allows deterioration and death in order to obtain a direct evolutionary benefit achieved by limiting lifespan beyond a species-specific optimum lifespan (Figure 1).


Figure 1: Evolutionary cost/ benefit of additional lifespan vs. age.

Curve 1: Modern non-programmed aging theories – The evolutionary value of further life and reproduction is effectively zero beyond some species-specific age.

Curve 2: Modern programmed aging theories – There is an evolutionary cost associated with surviving beyond a species-specific age.

Curve 3: Medawar’s concept – The evolutionary value of survival and reproduction declines with age following a species-specific age[4].

Goldsmith's review of modern programmed (adaptive) theories of biological ageing investigates how organisms have evolved mechanisms that purposely limit their lifespans in order to obtain an evolutionary benefit.
Theories of Ageing

This video gives a good introduction to the theories of aging


[5]


In his review of the modern theories of ageing, Jin[3] highlights three sub-categories of the programmed theory, and four sub-categories of the damage or error theory, and also relates some to how these might be observed in ageing populations.
The Programmed Theory

1) Programmed Longevity, which considers ageing to be the result of a sequential switching on and off of certain genes, with senescence being defined as the time when age-associated deficits are manifested.
2) Endocrine Theory, where biological clocks act through hormones to control the pace of ageing.
3) Immunological Theory, which states that the immune system is programmed to decline over time, leading to an increased vulnerability to infectious disease and thus ageing and death.
The Damage or Error Theory

1) Wear and tear theory, where vital parts in our cells and tissues wear out resulting in ageing.
2) Rate of living theory, that supports the theory that the greater an organism's rate of oxygen basal, metabolism, the shorter its life span
3) Cross-linking theory, according to which an accumulation of cross-linked proteins damages cells and tissues, slowing down bodily processes and thus result in ageing.
4) Free radicals theory, which proposes that superoxide and other free radicals cause damage to the macromolecular components of the cell, giving rise to accumulated damage causing cells, and eventually organs, to stop functioning.
Further Theories


Trindade et al[6] provide a different viewpoint again, stating that to understand the evolution of ageing, we have to understand the environment-dependent balance between the advantages and disadvantages of extended lifespan in the process of spreading genes. These researchers have developed a fitness-based framework in which they categorise existing theories into four basic types: secondary (beneficial), maladaptive (neutral), assisted death (detrimental), and senemorphic aging (varying between beneficial to detrimental).

Some of the more commonly discussed theories and their relation to ageing are summarised below:

Disengagement Theory[7]
Refers to an inevitable process in which many of the relationships between a person and other members of society are severed & those remaining are altered in quality.
Withdrawal may be initiated by the ageing person or by society, and may be partial or total.
It was observed that older people are less involved with life than they were as younger adults.
As people age they experience greater distance from society & they develop new types of relationships with society.
In America there is evidence that society forces withdrawal on older people whether or not they want it.
Some suggest that this theory does not consider the large number of older people who do not withdraw from society.
This theory is recognised as the first formal theory that attempted to explain the process of growing older.

Activity Theory[8]
Is another theory that describes the psychosocial ageing process.
Activity theory emphasises the importance of ongoing social activity.
This theory suggests that a person's self-concept is related to the roles held by that person i.e. retiring may not be so harmful if the person actively maintains other roles, such as familial roles, recreational roles, volunteer & community roles.
To maintain a positive sense of self the person must substitute new roles for those that are lost because of age. And studies show that the type of activity does matter, just as it does with younger people.

The Neuroendocrine Theory[9][10]
First proposed by Professor Vladimir Dilman and Ward Dean MD, this theory elaborates on wear and tear by focusing on the neuroendocrine system.
This system is a complicated network of biochemicals that govern the release of hormones which are altered by the walnut sized gland called the hypothalamus located in the brain.
The hypothalamus controls various chain-reactions to instruct other organs and glands to release their hormones etc. The hypothalamus also responds to the body hormone levels as a guide to the overall hormonal activity. But as we grow older the hypothalamus loses it precision regulatory ability and the receptors which uptake individual hormones become less sensitive to them. Accordingly, as we age the secretion of many hormones declines and their effectiveness (compared unit to unit) is also reduced due to the receptors down-grading
The Free Radical Theory[9]
This now very famous theory of aging was developed[11] by Denham Harman MD at the University of Nebraska in 1956. The term free radical describes any molecule that has a free electron, and this property makes it react with healthy molecules in a destructive way.
Because the free radical molecule has an extra electron it creates an extra negative charge. This unbalanced energy makes the free radical bind itself to another balanced molecule as it tries to steal electrons. In so doing, the balanced molecule becomes unbalanced and thus a free radical itself.
It is known that diet, lifestyle, drugs (e.g. tobacco and alcohol) and radiation etc., are all accelerators of free radical production within the body.
The Membrane Theory of Aging
The membrane theory of aging was first described[12] by Professor Imre Zs.-Nagy of Debrechen University, Hungary. According to this theory it is the age-related changes of the cell's ability to transfer chemicals, heat and electrical processes that impair it.
As we grow older the cell membrane becomes less lipid (less watery and more solid). This impedes its efficiency to conduct normal function and in particular there is a toxic accumulation
The [9] Decline Theory[9]
The mitochondria are the power producing organelles found in every cell of every organ. Their primary job is to create Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and they do so in the various energy cycles that involve nutrients such as Acetyl-L-Carnitine, CoQ10 (Idebenone), NADH and some B vitamins etc.
Enhancement and protection of the mitochondria is an essential part of preventing and slowing aging. Enhancement can be achieved with the above mention nutrients, as well as ATP supplements themselves

The Cross-Linking Theory[13]

The Cross-Linking Theory of Aging is also referred to as the Glycosylation Theory of Aging. In this theory it is the binding of glucose (simple sugars) to protein, (a process that occurs under the presence of oxygen) that causes various problems.
Once this binding has occurred the protein becomes impaired and is unable to perform as efficiently. Living a longer life is going to lead to the increased possibility of oxygen meeting glucose and protein and known cross-linking disorders include senile cataract and the appearance of tough, leathery and yellow skin.
Further information on video

In addition to these explanations, you can see several presentations about the biological theories of ageing on YouTube:

The Wear and Tear Theory:


The ageing Academy’s series on Aging: Stem Cells, long Lived Proteins, Cell Programming, Gene Expression:


A Big Think monologue by Michio Kaku looking at what enzymes like Telomerase and Resveratrol offer:


[14]





See also - Policy and Initiatives Focused on the Older Population


Parkinson’s Programme

A programme of online courses by Bhanu Ramaswamy

References

↑ Hayflick L. Theories of biological aging. Experimental Gerontology. 1985; 20:145-159. Accessed 25 September 2018.
↑ Borras C, Ingles M, Mas-Bargues C, Dromant M, Sanz-Ros J, Román-Domínguez A, Mallench-Gimeno L, Gambini J, Viña J. Centenarians: An excellent example of resilience for successful ageing. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2019 Dec 31:111199.
↑ Jump up to:3.0 3.1 Jin K. Modern biological theories of ageing. Aging Dis. 2010; 1(2): 72–74. Accessed 25 September 2018.
↑ Jump up to:4.0 4.1 Goldsmith TC. Modern evolutionary mechanics theories and resolving the programmed/non-programmed aging controversy. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2014; 79 (10): 1049 - 55.
↑ Piled higher and deeper. Theories if ageing Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jc4yK0zZ-cQ (last accessed 23.5.2019)
↑ Trindade LS, Aigaki T, Peixoto AA. A novel classification system for evolutionary aging theories. Front Genet. 2013; 6 (4): 25. Accessed 25 September 2018.
↑ Achenbaum WA, Bengtson VL. Re-engaging the Disengagement Theory of Aging: on the history and assessment of theory. Development in Gerontology. Gerontologist. 1994; 34(6): 756–763.
↑ Diggs J. Activity Theory of Aging. In: Loue S.J., Sajatovic M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health. Springer, Boston, 2008.
↑ Jump up to:9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Weinert BT, Timiras PS. Invited review: theories of aging. Appl Physiol. 2003; 95: 1706–1716. Accessed 25 September.
↑ Dean W. Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging: Chapter 2 Adaptive Homeostat Dysfunction. Accessed 25 September 2018 fromhttps://warddeanmd.com/articles/neuroendocrine-theory-of-aging-chapter-2/
↑ Harman, D. Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol. 1956;11 (3): 298–300.
↑ Zs.-Nagy I. The Membrane Hypothesis of Aging. Florida: CRC Press, 1994.
↑ Zs.-Nagy I, Nagy K. On the role of cross-linking of cellular proteins in aging. Mech Ageing Dev. 1980; 14 (1–2): 245-251.
↑ Big ThinkMichio Kaku: How to Reverse Aging | Big Think Available fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV3XjqW_xgU&feature=emb_logo

Productive Aging | Encyclopedia.com

Productive Aging | Encyclopedia.com

Productive Aging
Views 2,215,554Updated


PRODUCTIVE AGING

In the formative years of gerontology as a field of study, considerable attention was paid to the frailties and limitations associated with the advancing years of older people. This attention to both the physical and psychosocial aspects of aging provided the essential foundation for an understanding of the challenges facing an aging society. Older adults were often viewed as a "deserving poor," worthy of public intervention after a lifetime of contributions. In the decade that followed the 1971 White House Conference on Aging, programs and services for older people experienced substantial expansion in their array of services and levels of funding. Perhaps no other single volume stirred the passion of the public in this regard more than the 1975 Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Robert N. Butler, Why Survive? which chronicled the "tragedy" of growing old in America.


By 1980, the early years of growth in social programs for elderly Americans had slowed, and considerable effort went into maintaining those that had been developed during the previous two decades. While this was generally a time of social program retrenchment, many of the programs designed for elderly persons were left intact.

Perhaps as a reaction to the prevailing public perception that aging was synonymous with decline and disease, Robert Butler became concerned by the perception and misrepresentation that older people were less able to participate fully in society than their younger counterparts, and that they were a costly burden on a vital nation. Butler introduced the term productive aging at the 1983 Salzberg Seminar in an attempt to reflect a more balanced view of the capabilities and potential of older people. According to Butler, "Many people express concern about the costs and dependency of old age. . .I wanted to stress the mobilization of the productive potential of the elders of society" (Butler and Gleason, 1985, p. xii).


While the contemporary aging network remains composed primarily of professionals focused on the problems associated with growing old, the field has made strides to examine the normative aspects of aging and the positive contributions of older adults in modern society. Better balance has been given to the significant contributions of older people in terms of volunteering, helping with children and grandchildren, assisting friends and family who are sick, and professional achievements through work and hobbies. Begun as a broad concept to counter the negative images associated with being old, the term productive aging came into wider use in the 1990s, and along with its wider use came efforts to better define the term.

Definition

In 1993, Caro, Bass, and Chen defined productive aging to be "any activity by an older individual that contributes to producing goods or services, or develops the capacity to produce them (whether or not the individual is paid for this activity)." Research by Caro and Bass (1995), conducted under the auspices of The Commonwealth Fund's Americans Over 55 at Work Program, sought to measure the extent of participation by Americans age fifty-five and older who were engaged in work, caregiving of grandchildren or great-grandchildren, caring for sick friends or relatives, and educational training associated with career preparation. Kevin A. Coleman (1995) developed a conservative economic estimate of the cost to replace the value of these specific contributions of older people—it was well over $121 billion dollars.

Alternatives to the above definition have also been proposed. For the most part, the literature reveals consistent agreement among authors that the term include activities that can be measured and that have some direct or indirect economic value. However, there is some disagreement regarding the breadth of activities to be included in the definition. For example, Herzog et al. (1989) includes doing housework as part of the definition. Housework is also included under the rubric of productive aging in John W. Rowe and Robert L. Kahn's study on successful aging (1998).

Some controversy

Using an econometric word such as productive in association with aging has also raised some controversy in the gerontology scholarly community. Critics have asked whether this means that a person who is not contributing in an economically measurable manner is "unproductive?" (Holstein, 1992). In the activities cited as part of productive aging, for example, personal enrichment is not included. Meditation, religious reflection, personal growth, reminiscence, physical exercise and sports, entertainment, and education for expressive purposes are all outside the definition of productive aging, though these are important activities undertaken by many older individuals.


The response by proponents of productive aging has been that there are many activities undertaken by older people that are of great value to older people, as well as to society. Aging productively does not negate these valuable and important activities. Personal enrichment and growth is part of an individual's struggle to find meaning in life. Further, productive aging, while valuable, does not, nor does it intend to, represent the ultimate aspiration of the aging experience. Productive aging is not intended to be an idealized form of aging.

Of concern to many advocates for older adults, however, is that for those elders who choose to engage in productive aging, there is an uneven playing field where older people encounter specific prejudices, cultural traditions, and genuine barriers. They argue that this is unfair, counterintuitive, and discriminatory, and that it needs to be remedied. A society in which older individuals may contribute without facing ageism is indeed a goal worth struggling for.

Variables that influence productive aging

There are at least four distinct categories of variables that influence the productive engagement of older people: environmental variables, situational variables, individual variables, and social policy (Bass and Czso, 2001). The environmental variables that influence individual productive participation include the general state of the economy, the norms within a distinct culture or subculture, larger world events (such as war), political developments, demographic changes, and cohort membership. These variables are largely outside the control of the individual, but, in some respects, they can be influenced by social policy. It is less likely, for example, for an older person to find employment in an economic recession than in a time of low unemployment.


Situational variables include prescribed roles, obligations and responsibilities, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, organizational circumstances, traditions, community context, and health. For the most part, an individual has little choice over situational variables; they are part of the individual's milieu. The way in which these circumstances are configured, however, can create either constraints or opportunities for productive aging.

Individual variables are those that are most frequently discussed when examining productive outcomes. These variables include motivation, drive, creativity, attitude, aptitude, habits, gender, race, ethnicity, physical features, and genetic profile. While there is often room for adjustment of individual variables, some variables are inherited and cannot be changed. Individualized variables can influence one's interest in productive participation.


Finally, and perhaps least considered in its influence, is social policy. Social policy determines government and employer policies, pension policy, organizational rules, taxation regulations, priorities, and public and private programs.

Impingement from any one of these four categories can limit the extent to which a person chooses to participate in a productive aging activity. Alternatively, an incentive or encouragement from any of these variables, particularly from social policy, can encourage greater participation. It is here where economists, policymakers, and planners have begun to consider ways in which policies can remove barriers and provide incentives to encourage those who choose to participate in some form of productive activity.

Policy considerations

Through the efforts of The Commonwealth Fund and other allied research efforts, it is possible to quantify the scope of the daily contributions that older adults provide to their employers, families, and communities. But, as many elders point out, they face constant barriers in their desire to remain in the mainstream of activity. Age discrimination in employment continues to be a part of everyday life. Colleges and universities remain focused on developing programs to attract young people and are less interested in attracting older adults interested in retraining; vestiges of depression-era policies designed to encourage the retirement of older people to make room for younger workers remain in practice; incentives exist to encourage older people to remove themselves from significant roles; and social and economic disincentives frequently confront those who want to remain economic contributors. These are the policies and practices that proponents of productive aging seek to change.

Economists point out that the economic challenges of the early twenty-first century are quite different than that of the previous century. Contrary to having vast supplies of young skilled labor, the nation has been faced with modest economic growth, a limited supply of skilled labor, and an aging population. The United States will need to develop strategies to respond to these changing economic and demographic conditions. According the Hudson Institute, in their report Workforce 2020, should America continue to experience even limited economic growth, sustained skilled-labor shortages loom on the horizon. Economists argue that rather than encouraging early retirement of older workers, public policy needs to be directed toward retraining and engaging the available talent.

Productive aging calls into question the lost opportunities to both society and the individual through policies or practices of articulated withdrawal of older people from productive activity. Policies, from Social Security to private pension policies, need to be considered in light of the changing economic landscape and the overall benefits to the individual, the tax base, and the economy, should older people choose to be engaged in productive activity well into their later years. While productive aging is not the holy grail of aging, it does raise questions about the enhanced roles some older people may choose to play in a modern and mature society.

Scott A. Bass

See also Aging; Education, Disengagement; Volunteer Activities and Programs.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bass, S. A. Older and Active: How Americans over 55 Are Contributing to Society. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.

Bass, S. A., and Caro, F. G. "Productive Aging: A Conceptual Framework." In Productive Aging: Concepts, Cautions, and Challenges. Edited by N. Morrow-Howell, J. E. Hinterlong, and M. W. Herraden. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

Bass, S. A.; Kutza, E. A.; and Torres-Gil, F. M. "Diversity in Aging: The Challenges Facing the White House Conference on Aging." InDiversity in Aging: Challenges Facing Planners & Policymakers in the 1990s. Edited by S. A. Bass, E. A. Kutza, and F. M. Torres-Gil. Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1990. Pages 175–183.

Butler, R. N. Why Survive? New York: Harper & Row, 1975.

Butler, R. N., and Gleason, H. P. Productive Aging: Enhancing Vitality in Later Life. New York: Springer, 1985.

Caro, F. G.; Bass, S. A.; and Chen, Y.-P. "Introduction: Achieving a Productive Aging Society." In Achieving a Productive Aging Society. Edited by S. A. Bass, F. G. Caro, and Y.-P. Chen. Westport, Conn.: Auburn House, 1993. Pages 3–25.

Caro, F. G., and Bass, S. A. "Dimensions of Productive Engagement." In Older and Active: How Americans Over 55 Are Contributing to Society. Edited by S. A. Bass. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. Pages 204–216.

Coleman, K. "The Value of Productive Activities of Older Americans." In Older and Active: How Americans Over 55 Are Contributing to Society. Edited by S. A. Bass. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. Pages 169–203.

Estes, C. L. The Aging Enterprise. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1983.

Herzog, A.; Kahn, R.; Morgan, R.; Jackson, J.; and Antonucci, T. "Age Differences in Productive Activities." Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 44 (1989): 129–138.

Holstein, M. "Productive Aging: A Feminist Critique." Journal of Aging and Social Policy 4, no. 3/4 (1992): 17–33.

Judy, R. W., and D'amico, C. D. Workforce 2020. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hudson Institute, 1997.

Quinn, J., and Burkhauser, R. "Retirement and the Labor Force Behavior of the Elderly." In The Demography of Aging. Edited by L. G. Martin and S. H. Martin. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1994. Pages 50–101.

Rowe, J. W., and Kahn, R. L. Successful Aging. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998.
Encyclopedia of Aging

Patoral Care Support Volunteer Wayville, Eldercare | SEEK Volunteer

Patoral Care Support Volunteer Wayville, Eldercare | SEEK Volunteer

Patoral Care Support Volunteer Wayville

Eldercare

Our Residential Aged Care homes have Chaplain's who work closely with the elders, their families, staff and volunteers to provide holistic care in mind body and spirit. They support the religious beliefs of individuals and provide a care plan and resident desired outcomes. This is a very special opportunity which will be suitable for someone who is experienced and has the right skills and personal giving's to be able to make a difference in the living experiences. This role may include if agreed upon, leading guided meditation, sacred readings or rituals according to the residents faith and beliefs.

Previous experience working as a Chaplain, studying psychology, counselling or related field required. We need someone who can commit to set day/s to work alongside our Chaplains and with residents in an Aged Care Environment.

Current influenza vaccine is a requirement for this role.

===

• Wayville SA
• Seniors & Aged Care

Type of work

Companionship & Social Support, Counselling & Help Line, Seniors & Aged Care

Suitable for

Skilled Volunteers

Commitment

Regular - more than 6 months

Training

Volunteer Corporate Training, site and role orientation, Pastoral Care & Dementia Education

Time required

Times and days can vary and can be set with Chaplain directly

Requirements

• National Police Certificate
• Others

Please Note: * During the Covid-19 pandemic, organisations should be providing all necessary Covid-19 safety protection measures for volunteers following the advice of both the State or Territory Governments and the Federal Government.Your safety and wellbeing is your priority. Familiarise yourself with the most up-to-date requirements and advice from the Australian and NT and SA State Governments. * As each organisation provides different levels/types of insurance, volunteers are reminded to check with the organisation as to the type of insurance provided for volunteers (e.g. Volunteer Personal Accident Insurance). * Best practice volunteer involvement recommends that a volunteer role should not be more than 15-16 hours per week.

Apply

Sejin Pak [호주생활] 봉사활동: palliative care 말기간병 환자의 라이프 스토리 기록자

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[호주생활] 봉사활동: palliative care 말기간병 환자의 라이프 스토리 기록자

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- <말기간병 환자의 라이프 스토리 기록>이라는 봉사활동에 대하여는 약 10년 전부터 알고, 관심을 가지고 있었는데, 7년 전에 뇌졸증을 격는 어머니와 같이 지내며 경험하게 되었다. 은퇴하면 언제인가 이 일을 봉사활동으로 해보려 했는데, 몇일 전에 내가 대장암으로 수술을 받았던 바로 그 병원에 한 자리가 광고에 나와서 우선 온라인으로 신청해 놓았다.

- <말기간병 환자의 라이프 스토리기록>이라는 일은 환자가 자기의 일생에 대해 이야기하고 들어주는 사람이 있다는 자체가 하나의 테라피가 될 수 있다는 이해로 부터 시작한다. 거기서 결과물이 생기는 것은 부차적이라고 본다. 한번에 한시간 씩 문답을 통해 이야기를 듣는 것을 여섯 번 해서, 그 녹음된 기록을 풀어쓰고, 편집하여, 하나의 작은 책으로 만드는 것이다. 물론 기록자는 훈련을 받아야 한다. 그리고 처음에는 경험이 많은 기록자가 멘토로 봐 준다고 한다. 나는 사회학 필드워크 경험자이니, 그것도 도움이 될거라 생각한다.

- 이 일은 한번 시작하면 최소한 일년을 하기로 한다는 동의을 해야 한다고 한다. 나의 다른 스케줄들과 부디치는 경우가 생길지 조금은 걱정이나, 그건 그때 해결하는 것으로 생각하고 신청했다.

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11崔明淑, 박정미 and 9 others

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