Esther Mombo
Esther Moraa Mombo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 15 May 1957 Birongo Village in Kisii County, Kenya |
| Occupation | Professor of Theology |
| Title | Professor |
| Academic background | |
| Education | PhD- University of Edinburgh Master of Philosophy- Trinity College, Dublin Bachelor of Divinity-St.Paul's United Theological College |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Theology |
| Sub-discipline | African Women Theology |
| Institutions | St. Paul's University Limuru, Kenya |
| Main interests | Mission History, Interfaith Relations, Theology & Gender Studies |
Esther Moraa Mombo is a Kenyan female theologian and a full professor of theology in the school of theology at St. Paul's University, Limuru. She researches church history with a focus on mission history, interfaith relations and theology, and gender studies with a focus on African women's theologies, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS. She is the founder of the Tamar campaign in Kenya which acknowledges gender-based violence in society and empowers churches to address it. She is a founder member of The Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians St. Paul’s chapter in Kenya.
Early life and education
Esther Mombo was born on 15 May 1957 to Stanley Mombo Maikururi and Maria Vulimu Mombo[1] at Birongo Village in Kisii County, Kenya. Her father was a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and her mother was a Quaker. However, she was brought up by a Quaker grandmother who she referred to as her first pastor and theological educator.[2]
Mombo earned a Bachelor of Divinity degree from St Paul's United Theological College (now St. Paul's University, Limuru) and a Master of Philosophy degree from the Irish School of Ecumenics of Trinity College Dublin.[2] She returned to Kenya to teach at an Anglican bible college, where she became an Anglican herself.[3] Mombo completed her Ph.D. in 1998 at School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh as part of the Centre for the Study of Christianity in the Non-Western World.[4][5] She wrote her Ph.D. thesis on the topic "A historical and cultural analysis of the position of Abaluyia Women in Kenyan Quaker Christianity: 1902-1979."[6]
Career
Mombo started her teaching career at St. Paul's United Theological College, Limuru Kenya, (now St. Paul's University) in 1999 as a lecturer in historical studies and women's studies[2] and rose through the rank to become a full professor of theology at the school of theology in the same university. Since then, she has held various administrative posts at St. Paul's University, Limuru,[3] during a period when the institution moved from a theological college to a fully-fledged private ecumenical university.[7] Mombo worked in top management at the same university for fifteen years, from academic dean to Deputy Vice Chancellor Academic Affairs (2007 to 2013). She has also served as the Director of International Partnerships and Alumni Relations at St. Paul's University, Limuru.[8]
She has worked as an external examiner for postgraduate students in several universities including Africa International University, Kenyatta University, Makumira University in Tanzania, and in South Africa the University of KwaZulu-Natal and University of Pretoria.[9]
Mombo has served as a visiting professor at a number of academic institutions, including Candler School of Theology at Emory University, Brite Divinity School at Texas Christian University, the Graduate Institute of Theology at Yonseo University Seoul in South Korea, and the Ethiopian Graduate School of Theology (EGEST).[9]
Mombo is a member of numerous ecumenical committees, including the World Council of Churches' Commission on Education and Ecumenical Formation, the All Africa Conference of Churches' Advisor on Education,[10] Friends World Committee for Consultation,[11] American Friends Service Committee, Gianchere High School in Kisii County, and Umoja High School in Kiambu County.[9] Previously, she was a member of the Inter-Anglican Doctrinal and Theological Commission.[12]
She has served as a trustee of the Programme for Christian-Muslim relations in Africa, member of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians and the coordinator of East African region [13] installed as a Lay Canon Theologian at the Cathedral in 2017 and has served as a Lay Canon Theologian at Southwark Cathedral.[12]
She is the founder of the Tamar campaign in Kenya which acknowledges prevalence of gender-based violence in society and empower churches to address it.[11] She is a gender activist, working with religious organizations on issues of Gender and how patriarchy affects full participation of women in church and society.[13]
Awards and recognition
Mombo has received honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees from Virginia Theological Seminary (2007),[10] Church Divinity School of the Pacific (2023)[14] and her alma mater the University of Edinburgh (2023)[15] for her work of bringing to the fore issues of gender disparity and gender justice in Church and society.[2]
Mombo is recognized as one of the leading 20th century Anglican theologian in a book Twentieth Century Anglican Theologians: From Everlyn Underhill to Esther Mombo.[1]
Research and writing
Mombo is known for her research in missiology and HIV/AIDS thus her contention that in the context of HIV/AIDS and traditional rites of widow-inheritance, the church is challenged to offer more than just funeral services for the dead.[16] The missiological challenges and opportunities she unravelled include: rethinking the relationship between gospel and culture in the era of HIV/AIDS; developing a theology and spirituality to cope with the growth of a countervailing prosperity gospel; ameliorating the root causes of poverty that lie at the heart of HIV/AIDS pandemic; and engaging in rigorous moral advocacy on behalf of those most vulnerable in the society.[16]
Mombo is also known for championing for African women theology and examining how patriarchy affects full participation of women in church and society thus her philosophy, 'women are in pews men are at the pulpits'.[2] This is so because of the existing strong link between theology and ordination. In Africa, theological education was an investment, and churches invested in men. Some churches also were not open to ordination of women, so they had no reason to send women to study theology. To her, Women's ordination in Africa plays a vital role in helping to overcome gender inequality, poverty, violence and HIV/AIDS as 'it provides an important place for women to contribute to the wellbeing of people in society.[17]
As an African feminist theologian, Mombo propose that any theology that is going to be inclusive and global needs to interrogate the pervasive nature of patriarchy that continues to appear in church and society.[2] Therefore, she advocated and raised her voice to building an inclusive Church where both men and women will see themselves as children of God.[18]
Selected works
- Mombo, E. (2022). A Conversation about COVID‐19 and the Ecumenical House. The Ecumenical Review, 74(3), 463-474.
- Mombo, E. (2021). Theological Education and Women. That all may live!: essays in honour of Nyambura J. Njoroge, 30, 31.
- Mombo, E. (2021). In Search of the Women in the Archival Sources. Christian Interculture: Texts and Voices from Colonial and Postcolonial Worlds, 63-78.
- Mombo, E. (2019). Considerations for an Inclusive Global Theological Education: Old Issues, New Questions. The Ecumenical Review, 71(4), 449-460.
- Mombo, E. (2019). Expressions and Encounters: Experiencing the Histories and Theologies of African Christianity in the Collections of Pitts Theology Library: A Visiting Scholar’s Reflection. Theological Librarianship, 12(1), 16-23.
- Mombo, E. (2019). The Role of the Invisible but Visible Women in the 1913 Kikuyu Conference. In Costly Communion (pp. 243-251). Brill.
- Mombo, E. (2019). The Singing Mysticism: Kenyan Quakerism, the Case of Gideon WH Mweresa. Quakers and Mysticism: Comparative and Syncretic Approaches to Spirituality, 201-219.
- Mombo, E. (2019). Understanding World Christianity: Eastern Africa, written by Paul Kollman and Cynthia Toms Smedley. Mission Studies, 36(2), 345-346.
- Mombo, E. (2017). Mission and evangelism. Christianity in sub-Saharan Africa, 461-477.
- Mombo, E. (2017). Reconciliatory Peace in the Face of Terror: A Personal Appeal for Quaker Peace Building in Kenya. Christian Responses to Terrorism: The Kenyan Experience. Edited by Gordon L. Heath and David K. Tarus. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 123-131.
- Mombo, E. (2016). The revival testimony of second wives. In The East African Revival (pp. 153-161). Routledge.
- Mombo, E. (2015). Women in African Christianities. In Routledge Companion to Christianity in Africa (pp. 173-185). Routledge.
- Mombo, E. (2013). Mentoring Younger Scholars in Theological Education in Africa. Handbook of Theological Education in Africa, 858-868.
- Mombo, E. (2010). From Fourfold Mission to Holistic Mission: Towards Edinburgh 2010. Holistic Mission: God’s Plan for God’s People, 37-46.
- Mombo, E. (2009). Christians and Sexuality in the time of AIDS. The Ecumenical Review, 61(3), 359.
- Mombo, E. (2008). Decent Care and HIV: A Holistic Approach. In Restoring Hope: Decent Care in the Midst of HIV/AIDS (pp. 96-101). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
- Mombo, E. (2008). The ordination of women in Africa: A historical perspective. Women and ordination in the Christian churches: international perspectives, 123-43.
- Mombo, E. (2005). Missiological challenges in the HIV/AIDS Era: Kenya. Theology today, 62(1), 58-66.
- Mombo, E. (2004). Why Women Bishops are Still on the Waiting List in Africa. Harris and Shaw (2004), 163-167.
- Mombo, E. (2000). Theological Education in Africa. Ministerial Formation, 89, 39-45.
Co-authored works
- Kabue, Samuel; Mombo, Esther; Galgalo, Joseph; Peter, C. B., eds. (2012). Disability, Society and Theology. Voices from Africa. Zapf Chancery. ISBN 978-9966-7341-7-4.
- Wafula, R. S.; Mombo, Esther; Wandera, Joseph, eds. (2016). The Postcolonial Church: Bible, Theology, and Mission. Borderless Press.
- Mombo, Esther; Nyiramana, Cecile (2019). Mending broken hearts, rebuilding shattered lives: Quaker peacebuilding in East and Central Africa. Quaker Books. ISBN 978-1-907123-95-5.
- Chirongoma, Sophia; Mombo, Esther, eds. (2021). Mother Earth, Postcolonial and Liberation Theologies. Fortress Academic. ISBN 978-1-9787-1161-7.
- Chitando, Ezra; Mombo, Esther; Gunda, Masiiwa Ragies, eds. (2021). That all may live! Essays in honour of Nyambura J. Njoroge. University of Bamberg Press. ISBN 9783863098117.
- Kaunda, Chammah J.; Longkumer, Atola; Ross, Kenneth R.; Mombo, Esther, eds. (2021). Christianity and COVID-19: Pathways for Faith. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-52229-7.
References
- School of Divinity Edinburgh (7 December 2023). Professor Esther Mombo awarded Honorary Doctor of Divinity from the University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 19 June 2024 – via YouTube.
- Nagaju, Muke (28 March 2024). "Re-imagination of an inclusive and liberating Church in Esther Mombo's Theology: Exploring the inclusion of single women ordination in Presbyterian Church in Rwanda". Queen of Sheba: East and Central African Women's Theologies of Liberation. University of Bamberg Press.
- Corey, Emmy (2020). "Esther Mombo (1957–)". In Burns, Stephen; Cones, Bryan; Tengatenga, James (eds.). Twentieth Century Anglican Theologians: From Evelyn Underhill to Esther Mombo. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 217–225. ISBN 978-1-119-61118-9.
- Stanley, Brian (2011). "Founding the Centre for the Study of Christianity in the Non-Western World". In Burrows, William R.; Gornik, Mark R.; McLean, Janice A. (eds.). Understanding World Christianity: The Vision and Work of Andrew F. Walls. Orbis Books. pp. 51–59. ISBN 9781608330218.
- "Esther Mombo". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- Mombo, Esther Moraa (1998). A historical and cultural analysis of the position of Abaluyia Women in Kenyan Quaker Christianity: 1902-1979 (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
- "Interview with Professor Esther Mombo : Sexuality and Religion Network in East Africa". serene.leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- KENYATTA UNIVERSITY (2022). "Centre for Gender Equity and Empowerment".
- "Prof. Esther Mombo". St. Paul’s University. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- "Esther Mombo". Henry Center. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- "Author Bio". langhamliterature.org. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- "Professor Esther Mombo". Southwark Cathedral. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- "Undoing the Lies that lead: Approaches to Dismantling Patriarchal Theology and Advancing Gender Equality"" (PDF). Women Leading Change: 5. 2022.
- "Commencement 2023". Church Divinity School of the Pacific. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- "Honorary DD Conferred upon Centre Alumna, Professor Esther Mombo". Centre for the Study of World Christianity. 29 November 2023.
- Esther, Mombo. "Missiological Challenges in the HIV/AIDS Era: Kenya". Theology Today. 62 (1): 58–66. doi:10.1177/004057360506200107.
- Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs. "A Discussion with Esther Mombo, St. Paul's University". berkleycenter.georgetown.edu. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- Mombo, Esther (1 January 2019). "Considerations for an Inclusive Global Theological Education". The Ecumenical Review. 71 (4): 449–460. doi:10.1111/erev.12442.
Further reading
- Kwaka-Sumba, Truphosa; le Roux, Elisabet (2019). "African Women's Leadership: Realities and Opportunities". In Priest, Robert; Barine, Kirimi (eds.). African Christian Leadership: Realities, Opportunities, and Impact. Langham Publishing. pp. 135–154. ISBN 978-1-78368-751-0.
- Muke, Nagaju (2024). Re-imagination of an inclusive and liberating Church in Esther Mombo’s Theology : Exploring the inclusion of single women ordination in Presbyterian Church in Rwanda. In Loreen Maseno, Esther Mombo, Nagaju Muke, u. a. (Hrsg.), Queen of Sheba : East and Central African Women’s Theologies of Liberation (Circle Jubilee Volume 2), Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press, S. 225–239, doi: 10.20378/irb-94431.
External links
Cunningham Lecture: 'The God of Mama Rabecca Jumba' (2023), via YouTube
Authority control databases
Categories: 1957 births
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh School of Divinity
World Christianity scholars
Women Christian theologians
Kenyan Anglicans
Converts to Anglicanism from Quakerism
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The thesis argues that the Abaluyia culture and philosophy prescribed a largely marginal role for women and in turn was absorbed into and dominated the thinking of EAYM. Second the thesis recaptures the story of the women concerned making them primary rather than secondary voices in their own history.
Missionary inability to grasp the issues involved allowed the Quaker elders to make policies which often reflected the patriarchal views of Abaluyia society. The thesis also examines the nature of mission work among Abaluyia women, and argues that much of the mission discussion about women was prescriptive, confining the ideal Abaluyia woman to her function as mother and homemaker.
The discussion shows how missionaries assumed an ideal universal understanding of womanhood and how this affected Abaluyia women's roles in the church and in the wider society.
Finally the thesis assesses the role of women in pastoral ministry by discussing the nature of training at Friends Bible Institute (FBI) and the type of ministry open to women. Using Rasoah Mutua, the first woman graduate from FBI, the thesis shows that the traditional Friends championing of spiritual equality for men and women in the church has not been realised in EAYM.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
QUAKER GLOSSARY
DEDICATION IX
TABLE OF
MAPS AND FIGURES
INTRODUCTION .........„ ...„.............1
1 WOMEN IN TRADITIONAL ABALUYIA .............13
1.1 INTRODUCI'ION.. 13
1.2 THE ABALUYIA PEOPLE...... 14
1.3 ENGOKO IDEOLOGY. .... .........„..20
1.3.1 FOOD CONSUMPTION. ......................,......................................... .......22
1.3.2 ECONOMIC POWER. . 24
1.3.3 REPRODUCTION.
1.3.4 NAMING CEREMONY ...............
1.3.5 THE FIRST ANCESTRAL RITE ON BEHALF OF A CHILD..
1.3.6 TSING'ANO (FOLK TALES.).......................... . ..28
1.4 THE RITES OF .............29 CLITORIDECTOMY.. .......30
1.4.2 TATTOOS .
1.4.3 MORAL PREPARATION ....................... . .......33
1.5 MARRIAGE... ..................34
1.6 UVUKWI(BRIDEWEALTH) .. .............35
1.7 FORMS OF MARRIAGE. .
1.7.1 IMBALIKA (POLYGYNY) .............38
1.7.2 LEVIRATE
1.8 RITUALS OF DEATH....42
1.8.1 AMAGENGÅ (LIGHTING THE FIRE OF THE DEAD). ....
1.8.2 THE SACRIFICE TO THE SPIRIT.
1.8.3 LIKUNZAKALA (WIDOWHOOD) ....
1.8.4 THE MOURNING RITUALS..
1.8.5 THE EATING RITUALS.
1.8.6 MOBILITY RESTRICTIONS
1.8.7 LOVEGO (THE HAIR SHAVING RITE.) ........................
1.9 THE NOTION OF
1.10 CONCLUSION..............
2 THE QUAKER MOVEMENT: THE ROLE OF WOMEN WITHIN THE
MOVEMENT LEADING UP TO THE FOUNDATION OF THE QUAKER
2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................. .
2.2 QUAKERISM ........................................................ . .. . .. .........50
2.3 QUAKERISM IN .......56
2.4 THE IMPACT OF DIVISIONS ON WOMEN ................................. . „ ..62
2.5 REVIVAL AND ITS IMPACT ON AMERICAN
2.6 QUAKERS AND MODERN MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. ...............................................67
2.7 QUAKER WOMEN AND FOREIGN MISSIONS....... ........................................................68
2.8 WOMEN AND FOREIGN MISSIONS. . .......75
2.9 CONCLUSION. .................................................................79
3 MISSIONARIES AND ABALUYIA: THE EMERGENCE OF EAST AFRICA
YEARLY MEETING OF FRIENDS. • „........80
3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................... 80
3.1.1 THE CONTEXT — ...80
3.2 FRIENDS AFRICA INDUSTRIAL MISSION .....................................................................86
3.2.1 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MISSION STATIONS ....
3.2.2 EVANGELISM...... ........93
3.2.3 LANGUAGE .................................
3.3 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. .... .
3.3.1 AGRICULTURE
3.3.2 MEDICAL WORK.
3.4 CHURCH MEMBERSHIP.......... 106
3.5 CHURCH STRUCTURE. .
3.5.1 MONTHLY
3.5.2 FORMATION OF A YEARLY MEETING.. . 110
3.6 CONCLUSION ................................................................... ......... 118
4 QUAKERS AND THE STATUS OF ABALUYIA WOMEN. .................................„.....119
4.1 INTRODUCTION ..... — . — ... .............1 19
4.2 THE PERCEPTION OF ENGOKO . . . ..........................120
4.3 UVUKWI (BRIDEWEALTH). . . .......125
4.4 IMBALIKA (POLYGYNY)................................................. ............. 131
4.5 LEVIRATE MARRIAGE. . ....137
4.6 QUAKER MARRIAGE MADE IN LUYIA SOCIETY. . ...139
4.7 CONCLUSION .................. 145
5 MISSION WORK AMONG ABALUYIA WOMEN .........„..„.„.....................„.„...........148
5.1 INTRODUCr10N .......................................... 148
5.2 CHRISTIAN MOTHERS...... . . ...149
5.2.1 CHRISTIAN HOMES . .................152
5.3 CHRISTIANITY, CLOTHES AND SEWING. .................................,.. ... 155
5.3.1 DIVISION OF LABOUR. . . . .. 157
5.4 EDUCATION FOR 161
5.5 EVALUATION OF MISSION WORK AMONG WOMEN ...... . . ... . .... .174
6 THE DEVELOPMENT OF OMUGANDA GH'A A VAKÄLI IN EAVM
6.1 INTRODUCTION • ..... • 1 78
6.2 PIONEER WOMEN. . .........178
6.3 SEPARATE MEETINGS: SUNDAY, HALHAMISI AND IJUMAA — . ......... 183
6.3.1 ESTHER FORD AND THE GROWTH OF PRAYER GROUPS.. ... . .. ...............185
6.3.2 FROM PRAYER GROUPS TO REGIONAL MEETING 1935- 1945 .....................188
6.4 THE WOMEN'S YEARLY MEETING .191
6.4.1 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A YEARLY MEETING. ... ..195
6.4.2 FREEDOM TO HEAR WOMEN PREACH AND TEACH............ ....................... 195
6.4.3 LEADERSHIP AUTONOMY. . 198
6.4.4 INTERACTION w1TH THE OUTSIDE WORLD. ............................200
6.4.5 FINANCIAL AUTONOMY .... ...201
6.4.6 FREEDOM TO REVIEW SOME OF THE OLD ISSUES............. . . ..........204
6.5 THE ACTIVITIES OF THE WOMEN'S YEARLY MEETING. .............209
6.5.1 KAKAMEGA CHURCH PROJECT ..... ... ..........209
6.5.2 THE PRISON MINISTRY. ............................... ... ........211
6.6 A WOMAN'S CO-ORDINATOR: . .... ..... .........216
6.7 CONCLUSION ........................221
7 ORGANISATIONAL DYNAMICS OF EAYM AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR WOMEN: THE CASES OF MARIA ATIAMUGA AND KERAN NYAMUSI
ALFAYO.
7.1 ... . .........223
7.2 THE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCrURE OF EAYM......224
7.3 THE LEADERSHIP AND ADMINISTRATION OF EAYM..........227
7.3.1 THE BOOK OF DISCIPLINE......... . ........228
7.3.2 THE CONSTITUTION.............. ................................229
7.4 THECASESOFMARIAATIAMUGA AND KERAN NYAMUSI ALFAYO. . .......234
LIFE OF MARIA ATIAMUGA BEFORE BEING ELECTED DEPUTY CLERK...234
7.4.2 THE LIFE OF KERAN NYAMUSI ALFAYO........237
7.4.3 MARIA ATIAMUGA THE BOARD MENIBER...... ..................238
7.4.4 ATIAMUGA THE DEPUTY PRESIDING CLERK.. ........240
7.5 REASONS AGAINST WOMEN LEADERSHIP. ...........245
7.5.1 THE CULTURAL FACTOR.. . ...................................„.,.....245
7.5.2 PREJUDICE AGAINST WOMEN. ................247
7.5.3 THE METHOD OF ELECTING LEADERS. . ............248
7.5.4 TINTE FOR THE MEETINGS. ............................250
7.6 EAYM AND THE WOMEN'S YEARLY MEETING. .......................................................252
7.7 CONCLUSION —.............256
8 MINISTRY IN EAVM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF WOMEN
8.1.............259
8.2 ........................260
8.1.1 SCRIPTURAL AUTHORITY ABOVE SPIRITUAL AUTHORITY......261
8.3 FRIENDS BIBLE INSTITUTE.......................................................263
8.3.1 BACKGROUND TO FRIENDS BIBLE INSTITUTE.................264
8.3.2 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FRIENDS BIBLE INSTITUTE... .......270
8.4 WOMEN AND THEOLOGICAL ........274
8.4.1 THE CONTEXT OF WOMEN'S TRAINING.. ..275
8.4.2 TRAINING BEFORE 1964. ....................... . .. ....275
8.4.3 TRANNG AFTER 1964,............................ .......278
8.4.4 TRAINNG AFTER 1976..................................... ...........282
8.5 THE CONCEPT OF MINISTRY......„...............................................285
8.5.1 THE PASTOR......„................ . ..... . ...........................286
8.52 THE PREACHER. ..................................... ........286
8.6 PASTORAL MINISTRY . .......288
8.6.1 RITUAL POWER ..... ......289
8.7 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATION.....294
8.8 THEOLOGICAL ..... .............297
9 CONCLUSION .....„...........................300
9.1 REPLACEMENT OF ENGOKO AS A RE-MEMBERING OF HISTORY..........303
9.2 REPLACEMENT OF ENGOKO AND BIBLE INTERPRETATION............. .........306
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
10.1 ARCHIVAL SOURCES — ...............308
10.1.1 EAYM KAIMOSI OFFICE. . ........„...........308
10.1.2 KENYA NATIONAL ARCHIVES (RNA). ............308
10.1.3 FRIENDS LIBRARY LONDON...... ......308
10.1.4 FRIENDS WORLD CONFERENCE OF CONSULTATION (FWCC) OFFICE IN
LONDON........................................................ ... .......309
10.1.5 SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES (SOAS)....... ..........309
10.2 ORAL INTERVIEWS. ... ...........309
10.2.1 PERSONAL INTERVIEWS..... . . ..............................309
10.2.2 INTERVIEWS ON FILE AT ST. PAUL'S UNITED THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE
LIMURU. (SPUTC). ... ...... ...............3 12
10.3 PUBLISHED MATERIAL. .......313
10.3.1 BOOKS ON QUAKERISM... .........„313
10.3.2 GENERAL BOOKS..... . — .............................317
10.3.3 PAMPHLETS. .........333
10.3.4 ARTICLES..........................................................335
10.4 UNPUBLISHED WORK.............346
11 APPENDICES..„......„..„.................
11.1 APPENDIX 1: INTERVIEW PLAN ...................................................348
1 1.2 APPENDIX Il. MINUTES OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, AMERICAN FRIENDS BOARD OF
MISSION, RICHMOND, INDIANA, SEPTEMBER 17-18, 1934. ... . ...............349
1 1.3 APPENDIX Ill: CONSTITUTION OF EAST AFRICA YEARLY MEETING OF FRIENDS. (AS
FIRST ADOPTED IN 1963) ...........351
11.4 APPENDIX IV: QUESTION AND ANSWERS FOR CHURCH MEMBERSHIP. .......357
11.5 APPENDIX V: WOMEN'S YEARLY MEETING CONFERENCES FROM 1950 TO
1979 . ..........359
1 1.6 APPENDIX VI: WOMEN GRADUATES OF FRIENDS BIBLE INSTITUTE 1943 -
1996. ........................................................................360
11.7 APPENDIX Vll: PRESIDING CLERKS OF EAYM BETWEEN 1946 -1979.......„362
1 1.8 APPENDIX VIII. MARRIAGE REGISTRARS IN EAYM UP TO 1979..............363
12 APPENDIX vm. PHOTOGRAPHS OF SOME PEOPLE REFERRED TO IN THIS
Maps and Figures
Figure I: The Image of a woman in Kenya ............. . 176
Figure 2: Structure of EAYM. . 258
Map 1: The Provincial divisions in Kenya
Map 3: The Quaker Mission stations............................... 10
Map 4: Abaluyia Groups 15
Map 5: Abaluyia Locations .......................................... ... ...... .... 84
Map 6: Yearly Meetings in East Africa....................................... . 227
Map 2: The districts of Western province .........................
Kenya is located astride the Equator on the East Coast of Africa. It borders Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan in the north, Uganda in the west, Tanzania in the south, and the Indian Ocean in the East. It covers an area of 583,000 sq. km (225,000 sq. miles). The capital city of Kenya is Nairobi. Mombasa the main port is situated on the Indian Ocean and Kisumu another major town is situated on Lake Victoria. Kenya is divided into eight provinces namely: - Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi, North East, Nyanza, Rift Valley and Western Province. The provinces range in geographical size from the small Nairobi Province to the much larger Eastern and Rift Valley Provinces. The Provinces also range in population from the densely populated Nairobi Province, to the sparsely populated North East.
Prof. Esther Mombo
African Church History
Verified email at spu.ac.ke
WomenGender relations
ArticlesCited byPublic access
Title
Cited byYearKenya reflections
E Mombo
Other voices, other worlds: The global church speaks out on homosexuality … 14 2006
Relationship and challenge in Kenya and East Africa
E Mombo, SM Mwaluda
Transformation 17 (1), 36-41 10 2000
Missiological challenges in the HIV/AIDS Era: Kenya
E Mombo
Theology today 62 (1), 58-66 9 2005
Religious fundamentalism and attitudes towards sexual and gender minorities and other marginalized groups among religious leaders in Kenya
DK Mbote, E Mombo, ZB Mutongu, C Alaro, A Mkutu, TGM Sandfort
Pastoral Psychology 70 (2), 167-178 7 2021
Facing our fears: The impact of a 4-day training intervention to reduce negative perspectives on sexual and gender minorities among religious leaders in Kenya
DK Mbote, E Mombo, ZB Mutongu, A Mkutu, A Ciarleglio, TGM Sandfort
The Journal of Sex Research 59 (5), 587-598 4 2022
Reflections on Peace in the Decade to Overcome Violence.
E Mombo
Ecumenical Review 63 (1) 2 2011
Impact of Religion on Stigma and Access to HIV Services for Key Populations in Kenya
J Blevins, E Mombo, R Jones, M Kiser, A Kone, E Lemon
APHA 2017 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 4-Nov. 8) 2017
Lytta Basset, Eric Fassin, Timothy Radcliffe (eds), Christians and Sexuality in the time of AIDS.
E Mombo
The Ecumenical Review 61 (3), 359-361 2009
Christians and Sexuality in the time of AIDS
E Mombo
The Ecumenical Review 61 (3), 359 2009
Relationship and challenge in Kenya and East Africa
SM Mwaluda, E Mombo
2000
