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AIRED OCTOBER 11, 2010
God in America

Film Description

Since the days when the Puritan "city on a hill" beckoned on the horizon of the New World, religious faith and belief have forged America's ideals, molded its identity and shaped its sense of mission at home and abroad.

For the first time on television, God in America explores the tumultuous 400-year history of the intersection of religion and public life in America, from the first European settlements to the 2008 presidential election. A co-production of AMERICAN EXPERIENCE and FRONTLINE, this six-hour series examines how religious dissidents helped shape the American concept of religious liberty and the controversial evolution of that ideal in the nation's courts and political arena; how religious freedom and waves of new immigrants and religious revivals fueled competition in the religious marketplace; how movements for social reform —from abolition to civil rights — galvanized men and women to put their faith into political action; and how religious faith influenced conflicts from the American Revolution to the Cold War.

Interweaving documentary footage, historical dramatization and interviews with religious historians, the six-part series is narrated by actor Campbell Scott and includes appearances by actors Michael Emerson (as John Winthrop), Chris Sarandon (as Abraham Lincoln) and Keith David (as Frederick Douglass), among others.

"The American story cannot be fully understood without understanding the country's religious history," says series executive producer Michael Sullivan. "By examining that history, God in America will offer viewers a fresh, revealing and challenging portrait of the country."

As God in America unfolds, it reveals the deep roots of American religious identity in the universal quest for liberty and individualism — ideas that played out in the unlikely political union between Thomas Jefferson and defiant Baptists to oppose the established church in Virginia and that were later embraced by free-wheeling Methodists and maverick Presbyterians. Catholic and Jewish immigrants battled for religious liberty and expanded its meaning. In their quest for social reform, movements as different as civil rights and the religious right found authority and energy in their religious faith. The fight to define religious liberty fueled struggles between America's secular and religious cultures on issues from evolution to school prayer, and American individualism and the country's experiment in religious liberty were the engine that made America the most religiously diverse nation on earth.

God in America comprises six 60-minute episodes.


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Features
ARTICLE
Introduction

Since the days when the Puritan "city on a hill" beckoned on the horizon of the New World, religious faith and belief have forged America's ideals, molded its identity and shaped its sense of mission at home and abroad.
ARTICLE
The Black Church

Read about the Black Church in America in this feature written by Marilyn Mellowes. Mellowes was principally responsible for the research and development of the series God in America and has served as its series producer.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: Early American Individuals

How Early American individuals' religious ideas and spiritual experiences have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: Early American Groups

How Early American religious ideas and spiritual experiences from different groups have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: Early American Events

How Early American religious events and spiritual experiences have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: Europe

How European religious ideas and individuals' spiritual experiences have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: Early America's Formation

How some of the Founding Fathers and their experiences with religion have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: Civil War and Reconstruction

How religious ideas and individuals' spiritual experiences during the Civil War and Reconstruction era have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: Confronting Modernity/Progressive Era

The 19th century marked a shift to modernity and progressive ideas in America. Read how religious ideas and individuals' spiritual experiences during this time have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: The Civil Rights Movement

How religious ideas and individuals' spiritual experiences belonging to the 20th century Civil Rights movement have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
People and Ideas: Cold War and Modern Era

How religious ideas and individuals' spiritual experiences during the Cold War/Modern era of the 20th Century have impacted American social, political and cultural life.
ARTICLE
Interview: Catherine Brekus

Catherine Brekus teaches American religious history at the University of Chicago Divinity School. She is the author of Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740-1845 and editor of The Religious History of American Women: Reimagining the Past. This is the edited transcript of an interview conducted on June 23, 2009.
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ADDITIONAL FUNDING FOR GOD IN AMERICA WAS PROVIDED BY

Henry David Thoreau

Henry David Thoreau




Henry David Thoreau


"...it represents Henry just as he was
in that summer...", said Eben J. Loomis
of this 1854 portrait of Thoreau
(by Samuel Worcester Rowse)



Biography

Henry David Thoreau was a complex man of many talents who worked hard to shape his craft and his life, seeing little difference between them. Born in 1817, one of his first memories was of staying awake at night "looking through the stars to see if I could see God behind them." One might say he never stopped looking into nature for ultimate Truth.

Henry grew up very close to his older brother John, who taught school to help pay for Henry's tuition at Harvard. While there, Henry read a small book by his Concord neighbor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature, and in a sense he never finished exploring its ideas -- although always definitely on his own terms, just as he explored everything! He and his brother taught school for a while but in 1842, John cut himself while shaving and died of lockjaw in his brother's arms, an untimely death which traumatized the 25 year old Henry. He worked for several years as a surveyor and making pencils with his father, but at the age of 28 in 1845, wanting to write his first book, he went to Walden pond and built his cabin on land owned by Emerson

While at Walden, Thoreau did an incredible amount of reading and writing, yet he also spent much time "sauntering" in nature. He gave a lecture and was imprisoned briefly for not paying his poll tax, but mostly he wrote a book as a memorial to a river trip he had taken with his brother, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers.

After two years (and two months), Thoreau returned to Concord -- a bare two miles away which he had visited frequently during his stay at the pond, having completed his experiment in living and his book. Unfortunately, few people were interested in purchasing his book, so he spent the next nine years, surveying and making pencils at times but primarily writing and rewriting (creating seven full drafts) Walden before trying to publish it. He supported himself by surveying and making a few lectures, often on his experience at Walden pond.

Many readers mistake Henry's tone in Walden and other works, thinking he was a cranky hermit. That was far from the case, as one of his young neighbors and Edward Emerson attest. He found greater joy in his daily life than most people ever would.

He traveled often, to the Maine woods and to Cape Cod several times, and was particularly interested in the frontier and Indians. He opposed the government for waging the Mexican war (to extend slavery) eloquently in Resistance to Civil Government, based on his brief experience in jail; he lectured against slavery in an abolitionist lecture, Slavery in Massachusetts. He even supported John Brown's efforts to end slavery after meeting him in Concord, as in A Plea for Captain John Brown.

Thoreau died of tuberculosis in 1862, at the age of 44. His last words were said to be "Moose" and "Indian." Not only did he leave his two books and numerous essays, but he also left a huge Journal , published later in 20 volumes, which may have been his major work-in-progress. Many memorials were penned by his friends, including Emerson's eulogy and Louisa May Alcott's poem, "Thoreau's Flute."

Over the years, Thoreau's reputation has been strong, although he is often cast into roles -- the hermit in the wilderness, the prophet of passive resistance (so dear to Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King) -- that he would have surely seen as somewhat alien. His work is so rich, and so full of the complex contradictions that he explored, that his readers keep reshaping his image to fit their own needs. Perhaps he would have appreciated that, for he seems to have wanted most to use words to force his readers to rethink their own lives creatively, different though they may be, even as he spent his life rethinking his, always asking questions, always looking to nature for greater intensity and meaning for his life.

Ann Woodlief




Biographical Readings

The Life and Times of Henry D. Thoreau by Elizabeth Witherell, with Elizabeth Dubrulle
Profile of Henry Thoreau by Thomas Hampson
Introduction to Thoreau by Bradley Dean
Henry David Thoreau. Wendell Glick, from the Heath Anthology Site.
Henry Thoreau as Remembered by a Young Friend by Edward Emerson
Three Thoreaus by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Robert Louis Stevenson & John Burroughs
Nathaniel Hawthorne on Thoreau


Major Thoreau Sites and other sites

Thoreau Institute Site Extensive materials on Thoreau's Life and digital collection of his Writings, including his correspondance.
The Writings of Henry David Thoreau. This valuable resource includes the Online Journal Transcript. See also the Princeton Editon Archives at the Thoreau Institute .
The Kouroo Contexture by Austin Brooks. An exhaustive--and continuing--survey of just about anything and anyone connected with Thoreau.


Texts

The Writings of Henry David Thoreau: The Digital Collection.
The Writings of Thoreau On-line
Henry David Thoreau On-line. A thorough collection of Thoreau's works in html, including some correspondence and many poems.

Walden Web Study Text.
Walking See also the Web Study Text [Meg Brulatour]
On Resistance to Civil Government. See also the Web Study Text. [Jessica Gordon and Ann Woodlief]

"Ktaadn" passage from The Maine Woods [Web Study Text]
The Thoreau Reader. [Richard Lenat]
Analysis and Notes on Walden.[the late Ken Kifer]
Audio/video reading of Walden by Gordon Mackenzie.
Select Bibliography on Thoreau
Henry David Thoreau: A Guide to Resources. Excellent links [Jone Johnson Lewis]
Thoreau's Lecturing Activities


Criticism

"Man Thinking About Nature: The Evolution of the Poet's Form and Function in the Journal of Henry David Thoreau 1837-1852", Honors thesis by S. H. Bagley
Bibliography of Selected Literary Criticism on Thoreau
Bibliography of Selected Literary Criticism on Walden
Introduction to the structure of Walden. A 15-minute audio file by Ann Woodlief, VCU, 1994.

Authors -- Texts--Transcendentalism

Authors -- Texts--Transcendentalism






Authors and Texts of American Transcendentalism
Major Authors

Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
[Sarah] Margaret Fuller


Minor Authors

Amos Bronson Alcott
Louisa May Alcott
Orestes A. Brownson
Reverend William Ellery Channing
[William] Ellery Channing II
Lydia Maria Child
James Freeman Clarke
Moncure Conway
George Willis Cooke
Christopher Cranch
Caroline Healey Dall
John Sullivan Dwight
Frederic Henry Hedge
Elizabeth Hoar
Theodore Parker
Elizabeth Parker Peabody
George and Sophia Ripley
Franklin Sanborn
Ellen Sturgis [Hooper] and Caroline Sturgis [Tappan]
Jones Very