2019/04/28

If the Oceans Were Ink: An Unlikely Friendship and a Journey to the Heart of the Quran: Carla Power: 0783324807769: Amazon.com: Books



If the Oceans Were Ink: An Unlikely Friendship and a Journey to the Heart of the Quran: Carla Power: 0783324807769: Amazon.com: Books





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If the Oceans Were Ink: An Unlikely Friendship and a Journey to the Heart of the Quran Paperback – April 7, 2015
by Carla Power (Author)
4.1 out of 5 stars 111 customer reviews
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PULITZER PRIZE FINALIST

NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST

Named A Best Book of the Year by The Washington Post and The Denver Post

“A vibrant tale of a friendship.... If the Oceans Were Ink is a welcome and nuanced look at Islam [and] goes a long way toward combating the dehumanizing stereotypes of Muslims that are all too common.... If the Oceans Were Ink should be mandatory reading for the 52 percent of Americans who admit to not knowing enough about Muslims.” ―The Washington Post

“Journalist Power writes about her year studying the Quran with a Muslim scholar she befriended while working at a think tank in London. For some, this will be a strong introduction to Islam. To others, it's fodder for discussion on the Sheikh's views, how Westerners (such as Power) interpret those views and the interplay of culture and religion.” ―The Denver Post

“For all those who wonder what Islam says about war and peace, men and women, Jews and gentiles, this is the book to read. It is a conversation among well-meaning friends--intelligent, compassionate, and revealing--the kind that needs to be taking place around the world.” ―Fareed Zakaria, author of The Post-American World

“With a journalist’s mind for the story, a born traveler’s heart for the adventure of crossing borders, and a seeker’s yen for the poetry and mysticism of belief, Power creates an exceptional record of a timeless quest.”― Merritt Tierce, a National Book Foundation “5 Under 35” honoree and author of Love Me Back

“An inspiring story of two [people] from different worlds who refuse to let religious and cultural differences, prejudice, and ignorance get in the way of their friendship, If the Oceans Were Ink is as thought-provoking as it is elegantly written. It takes a difficult, highly charged topic and puts it into terms that are not only understandable and eye-opening, but beautiful.”―Bustle (11 Beautifully Written Memoirs by Women)

“[Carla Power and Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi's] conversations break down stereotypes.... Power displays the diversity and intellectual richness of the practicing Muslim world, and shows how much we have to gain from mutual understanding.” ―Shelf Awareness

“Carla Power's intimate portrait of the Quran, told with nuance and great elegance, captures the extraordinary, living debate over the Muslim holy book's very essence. A spirited, compelling read.” ―Azadeh Moaveni, author of Lipstick Jihad

“Engaging … Together [Carla Power and the Sheikh] explore … the significance of veiling and unveiling, the struggle against unjust rulers and jihad, and contemporary wars. Power's narrative offers an accessible and enlightening route into a topic fraught with misunderstanding.” ―Publishers Weekly

“Unique, masterful, and deeply engaging. Carla Power takes the reader on an extraordinary journey in interfaith understanding as she debates and discovers the Quran's message, meaning, and values on peace and violence, gender and veiling, religious pluralism and tolerance.” ―John L. Esposito, University Professor and Professor of Islamic Studies, Georgetown University, and author of The Future of Islam

“Lively … Intelligent and exceptionally informative.” ―Kirkus Reviews

“A thoughtful, provocative, intelligent book.” ―Diana Abu-Jaber, author of Birds Of Paradise and The Language of Baklava

“Their yearlong debates on issues ranging from the veiling of women to calls for fatwas challenged their own understandings of religion, culture, politics, and friendship and offer powerful new insights into Islam.” ―Booklist

“If the Oceans Were Ink opens a door to the power of the Quran's lyrical and complex prose to inspire, comfort, and ignite hearts everywhere. A must read for anyone wishing to understand a global community's central spiritual source.” ―Dalia Mogahed, Director of Research, The Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, and co-author of Who Speaks for Islam?

“A former foreign correspondent for Newsweek raised partly in the Middle East and boasting a graduate degree in Middle Eastern studies from Oxford, Power spent a year reading the Quran with a longtime friend, Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi. Their experience led them beyond stereotypes to a constructive understanding for the text's call for peace and equality. Great for book clubs.” ―Library Journal

“There are many intriguing books that trace the encounter of Westerners with Muslims from traditional backgrounds. Some of these books are love stories, others are clashes. Carla Power's If the Oceans Were Ink is something more radical, magical, and much more relevant: a religious encounter mediated through a gentle friendship, one that is committed to a dialogue and a search for truth. In a world characterized by so much tension and polemic, Power offers what might be our best hope for a better tomorrow: an intelligent friendship. Most enthusiastically recommended.” ―Omid Safi, Director, Duke Islamic Studies Center
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About the Author

Carla Power writes for TIME and was a foreign correspondent for Newsweek. Her writing has appeared in Vogue, Glamour, The New York Times Magazine, and Foreign Policy. Her work has been recognized with an Overseas Press Club award, a Women in Media Award, and the National Women's Political Caucus's EMMA Award. She holds a graduate degree in Middle Eastern Studies from Oxford, as well as degrees from Yale and Columbia.

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Paperback: 352 pages
Shipping Weight: 10.7 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review: 4.1 out of 5 stars 111 customer reviews


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Biography
After a childhood spent split between the Midwest and the Middle East and Asia, I grew up interested in the relationship of Muslim societies and the West. I went on to study and write about Islam and Muslim issues as a journalist. But it wasn't until I sat down with my old friend Sheikh Muhammad Akram Nadwi to read the Quran that I found myself really engaging with the surprising ways they converged and diverged.
Having been raised moving around, I'm happy to continue doing so. I now live in England with my British husband and Brit-American kids, though I get back to the Midwest--and the Mid-East and Asia--as much as I can.


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Roger Deblanck

5.0 out of 5 starsAn Enlightening MemoirJanuary 16, 2017
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In her yearlong study under the guidance of renowned Islamic scholar Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi, journalist Clara Power gained profound insight and clarity of the Quran’s humane message of peace and inclusiveness. Her memoir is a remarkably moving tribute to the great knowledge and compassion that echo forth from the true teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Through her experiences, we can gain a deep appreciation for the beauty, complexity, and humanity of the Quranic verses. Power highlights how the Sheikh’s studies bear testament to the manifold contributions and significant influences women have made throughout the history of Islam. In fact, no religion has women playing so vital a role in its development than Islam. Too often over the centuries, it has been radicals and extremists who have polluted the true message of the Quran. In doing so, they have chosen to exploit laws and customs to carry out oppression, violence, and terror.

Power learned from the Sheikh how to return to a close examination of the Prophet’s sage words and deeds, which reveal the inspiring faith and universal values of the Quran. In its essence, Islam advocates devotion to prayer, focus on charity, and closeness to God. Islam espouses equal rights and justice, and an empowering form of humanity can be found in the life of the Prophet’s wisdom and actions. To be a true Muslim one must show loyalty to the Prophet’s sunna, his words and deeds. Through the Prophet’s vision and message, one finds a call for moderation of actions, acceptance of others, equality of all people, and piety towards God. Muhammad’s community of Muslims was to spread peace, feed the hungry, and honor kinships. The Prophet preached never to force beliefs on anyone. His hopes were to bring learning and understanding. He knew his limits and he taught to avoid anger, power, and wealth. He also taught his followers to be generous and demonstrate a gentle character. These attributes will ultimately help people relate to the true message of Islam. In fact, nowhere in Islam do hierarchies or divisions exist. Nor does compulsion. Islam not only tolerates differences, it values them as part of God’s design. The Quran stresses how no singular group has exclusive salvation, and it questions any group that claims only a singular path to paradise exists.

So why is Islam viewed with suspicion and fear? The Sheikh explained to Power how obsessive rules and laws have too often devolved into punitive measures and acts of extremism, which directly defy what the Prophet taught and stood for. Sadly, abandonment of Islam’s true message occurred over centuries with the decline of the traditional madrasa system. The intellect and moderation of Islam slowly deteriorated into the harsh words and practices of radicals. Extremists now conduct misguided readings of the Quran and settle on reckless interpretations. The Sheikh explains how Islam is about justice and how all fighting and protesting should be redirected into time spent for prayer and honoring God. Islamists have made Islam about political struggle, when they should be focused on piety. By making political power the only goal of Islam, extremists abandon the way of the Prophet’s teachings. Their quest for sharia law destroys their piety towards God. Real piety requires a commitment to one’s individual belief in honoring God and following the Prophet’s message of peace and understanding. State-endorsed Islam is nothing more than hypocrisy. Problems arise when Muslims chose identity politics over piety.

Returning to a loyal reading of the Quran reveals a great humanity based on reason and tolerance. Islam began with a command to read, so any call to arms is misguided because Islam demands its followers to think, pray, submit, and be patient in their quest to gain a closeness to God. This knowledge of returning to God is the cycle of life that the Prophet pursued. Carla Power learned through her studies with Sheikh Akram that the piety rooted at the heart of Islam calls for the defense of human rights and a devotion to individual consciousness over laws imposed by the state. Power’s memoir celebrates exactly what Islam expounds: that to practice true humanity, one must learn to see the whole of the world and learn to accept and understand others. If the Oceans Were Ink is among the most enlightening and open-minded books on discussing the humane faith of Islam and the Quran.

12 people found this helpful

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Gretchen @ My Life is a Notebook

4.0 out of 5 starsA must read if interestedMay 27, 2016
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I did not believe that Carla would be the right narrator in the beginning. She opens the book with the story of her early years, living around the world with her family in Egypt and Afghanistan and India and all these other places, while her father collected artifacts. My stomach dropped when I thought that she was going to believe herself worldly enough to have these discussions because she’d been places and seen things in a very privileged fashion.

Instead, she directly confronts her privilege. She calls out her past self for thinking that she knew a lot about other cultures and other religions even though she had never really engaged with them deeply. Throughout the book, she is constantly admitting her to own biases and beliefs and using them to challenge her own way of thinking–and the reader’s. Instead of feeling as though I was listening to someone who thought they were an authority on the subject, I truly believed I was listening to the genuine journey to understanding of someone with an academic background of knowledge in Islamic religion and culture. That, on it’s own, is priceless.

Then there is the nature of the man with whom she takes this journey, Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi. There is never any moment when either of them use his opinions as an end-all-be-all answer for all Muslims. Instead, we are led to a deep understanding of how he views the Quran the way he does, but also how others view it in different ways. We are never made to feel as if his answers are the “best” ones, though I grew to have a deep respect for him and his ideas.

A great deal of this comes from the fact that, while there are a lot of surprising places where Power and the Sheikh are in harmony, there are many places where they are not. The book does not shy away from these things, and instead investigates them on both sides. Sometimes, it is Power who showcases a shift in her worldview. In others, the Sheikh himself changes his opinion. It is a genuine dialogue of give and take.

I took this class in order to deepen my knowledge of other religions, and for the first time with these books I feel like that has been accomplished. Not only do I feel educated about some of the finer points of Islam and the Quran, but I have also come to an understanding of how the Quran can be interpreted and what it means to a variety of different Muslims. I also recognized myself taking a similar journey to Power while I was reading. I appreciated her blunt honesty with herself and her worldview, because it kept me from narrowing mine. If this is a topic that you are interested in, I completely recommend picking this up.

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John R. Sheehan

5.0 out of 5 starsBrilliant and Very Readable - a Book to add to your permanent collectionApril 26, 2018
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I should get a commission for the number of times I have recommended this book. If you want a sane and sober view of Islam, without trying to convert you to how wonderful it is or how horrible, if you seriously want to understand a different point of view without feeling you are being attacked, this is it. Gently written, with great compassion and yet without losing a point of view, this book walks you through some of the major questions that most westerners have without being aggressive or dismissive. I

I likened this book to my grandmother's fudge. My grandmother made fudge that was so rich, taking a bite would probably have put your system into terminal shock. You scraped little bits with your teeth, and let the richness melt in your mouth. This book, for me at least, was like that. I would read for a little, and then put the book aside to digest what I had read. It took me a while to get through, not because it was complex or difficult but because it was so rich, and provided so much stimulus for my own thought and reflection.

I continue to recommend this book, and this will be a book I will re-read several more times, I know. I am grateful to the friend who recommended it to me, and I am confident in recommending it to others.

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doaa

5.0 out of 5 starsAn amazing book with a smart message to muslims and non-muslims as wellMay 25, 2016
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An amazing book. An honest writer who describes an ideal Muslim family and their interactions in Western environment. The "sheikh" represents a pure pious Muslim who could smartly and peacefully adhere to the core of religion.."Clothes don't make you pious" "they protect piety when it is already there"..Also I was moved by his attitude and his respect to his religious principle, " the sheikh would caution his students not to repakage Islam to make it more acceptable to Westerners "..the way the sheikh explained sourat (or chapter) " Youssef" (or Joseph) in Quran is really very impressive..with a novel sensible sense!.. I enjoyed reading a book and I advise anyone who would really want to know more about Islam from a neutral and a rational point if view to read the book...this is a smart message to Muslims and non Muslims as well..an invitation that tells everyone start with your heart...

6 people found this helpful

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susie m

4.0 out of 5 starsFor a better understanding of Islam, both culturally & spirituallyJuly 18, 2017
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Many Americans are very interested in learning more about Islamic culture and religion, particularly as they relate to Western values. This book is a great place to start. I was impressed by the diversity and depth of views described here, as well as the author's thoughtful examination of her own biases as she absorbed surprising statements from the Sheikh. Ms. Power would do well to understand Christianity a little more, but all in all, I found, as she did, a deeper understanding of my own beliefs. I heartily recommend this book and am inspired to learn more about Islam and how all religions affect their intercultural relationships worldwide, both in conflict and compatibility.

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Bia

4.0 out of 5 starsAn important read amidst an East and West divideJuly 3, 2017
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If the Oceans were Ink comes at a crucial moment. While Islam has been around for thousands of years, prejudice towards its religious practices, born of the actions of extremists, has never been greater. Carla Power draws attention to an important distinction between these extremists—those that you see and hear in the media—and the everyday civilians who practice their faith much like anybody else: peacefully, and without using religion as an excuse for violent action. Power does this by returning to the text that informs Islam, the Quran, and extracting from it truths that teach empathy, respect, and more.

Because of the myths this book sets straight, and because of the time it dedicates to a religion and culture that many make assumptions about, If the Oceans were Ink is of humanitarian scope and importance. Through her work, Power encourages her readers to expand their minds in order to understand the complexity of a reality that has been repeatedly reduced to a “us versus them” narrative. In doing so, not only does she inform and educate, but she also gives her audience the tools with which to restructure their own, perhaps biased and otherwise unchallenged beliefs.

If the Oceans were Ink is easy to follow regardless of one’s background or knowledge in Islam teachings. It is largely structured by means of an extended interview wih Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi, who by his title of Sheikh is entitled to teach and guide others in Islamic faith. The Sheikh provides a range of views on various relevant issues, including child marriage, women’s rights, and other religions. Sheikh Akram is both progressive and conservative in different ways—making clear the fact that Western labels are inadequate for categorizing groups of people in the Middle East. Instead, political affiliations and views are more nuanced, requiring a specific understanding of individuals’ opinions.

I particularly enjoyed this book for the fact that its writer, Power, was consistently aware of her own biases and privileges given her position in this journalistic project. While her dedication to this issue clearly exemplified her questionings of the media and search for the truth, Power still acknowledged that there were ways in which her perspective could be increasingly understanding, and she sought to pursue this personal, positive change. Her motivations for interviewing the Sheikh and developing more direct contact with Islam were quite noble in my eyes, and I believe she also used this opportunity to help others see beyond assumption. In this sense, I believe that Power has used her platform to create positive change and plant a seed through which greater empathy and consideration might be developed.

I must add, furthermore, that going into this book I had my own biases, as most of what I knew of the religion of Islam was merely what I’d heard about from others in passing, or in the media. Largely, my knowledge composed of the prejudices and forms of oppression against Muslims that exist today, a great part of which comes from members of the United States. I was not an active participant in this prejudice but I did also disagree with many political differences existent in several Islamic countries, such as for example laws against women’s rights. If the Oceans were Ink sheds some light on the intricacies hidden behind these wide-sweeping laws, suggesting that there is much dissent within the culture itself, and that these elements are often separate entities from those of religion. Overall, this book encouraged me to question what I hear in the media and, in some cases, popular discourse, and to consider that what might be today construed as one truth is not what originally existed in the text, in the Quran.

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edsetiadi

5.0 out of 5 starsA beautifully written book on Islam that takes us back to basic: the reading of the Holy QuranJuly 4, 2015

This book is a perfect book for Ramadan reading, written by Carla Power, a secular Jewish journalist whom has 20 years+ unique friendship with a renowned Muslim scholar in Britain, Sheikh Mohammed Akram Nadwi.

It is an enlightening book, written with the mission to 1. Debunk the [negative] myths and stereotypes surrounding Islam and Muslims 2. To differentiate between local customs (like burqa-wearing Taliban) and the religion 3. And more centrally for the book, to interpret the verses in the Holy Quran and show, for instance, why the so-called "verse of the sword" that Osama Bin Laden used to justify his actions was being misinterpreted.

It is a personal book, built around the personae of the Sheikh, following his amazing journey from a simple madrassa student in his village in India, to researcher in Oxford University, and to world renowned expert on Hadith. It is also a personal book for the author, where she can relate a lot of major historical events with her own story - from her childhood in Tehran, Delhi, Kabul, Cairo, to her work in an Islamic Think Tank and as a journalist covering the Middle East.

It is also a beautifully written book, with the highest respect dedicated to Islam and the Holy Quran. The title of the book itself is a testament to this, which is a poetic reference from a Quran verse:

Say, even if the ocean were ink For (writing) the words of my Lord, The ocean would be exhausted Before the words of my Lord were exhausted, Even if We were to add another ocean to it. (Al Kahf 18:109)

Reza Aslan's No God But God was enlightening, so did Karen Armstrong's Islam: a short story. But this book is different, it moved me, humbled me and able to connect me to the solemn and peaceful [real] religion of Islam, one verse of Quran interpretation at a time. The Sheikh's wisdom and teachings about Islam is very calming and reassuring, while the author's worldly knowledge gave me a new perspective on how to see the so-called "Islamic World" from a different light.

I will read and re-read the book for sure.

9 people found this helpful

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Mohammad Nawaz

5.0 out of 5 starsIt is sad and unfortunate that things have not been going well ...May 11, 2015
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It is sad and unfortunate that things have not been going well in the Islamic countries, and those involved in violence in the west and elsewhere are claiming to be carrying out their evil deeds in the name of Islam. Should we really blame it on the religion or the Quran? Since 9/11 I have read a number of books published in the west which without a second thought come out with certain partial quotations from the Quran and boldly assert that it preaches and encourages its followers to carry out inhuman activities against non-muslims. Almost all such quotes from the Quran are generally out of context. The authors tear them of the the total subject matter. It becomes very clear from reading such publications that many of their authors have never made any serious effort first to understand the true spirit of Islam and they have hastily come to certain wrongful conclusions which a serious and profound scholar of Islam even from another religion will not accept. Those who put the blame on the Quran and Islam mix up the meanings of their Quranic citations with the still prevailing ancient tribal cultures of the people of the many muslim countries. In addition, the lack of education, ignorance of large number of muslims and their extremely narrow understanding of Islam should not be overlooked. Very few non-muslim writers and none of the anti Islam ones have tried to capture the real spirit of the Quran keeping also in view the historical times when it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (over a period of 23 years) and the problems of that era which needed response and remedies. In this context, Carla Power deserves a hugh praise for studying Islam with a serious mind and has penetrated deeply into the purpose and meaning of various subjects in the Quran. Anyone who will read her book will realize that one should not form a hasty judgement and interpret verses from the Quran simply to support their argument as lawyers do in the courts. The book : If The Oceans Were Ink, is both for Muslims and non-Muslims. It contributes greatly to the interfaith understanding and harmony. The author deserves to be congratulated for being an impartial observer in reflecting on various subjects in the Quran.


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wrentzu

4.0 out of 5 starsTitle is misleading but the book is still very interesting.December 25, 2015
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The title is a bit misleading. I really thought it would be a book about the Quran with the author's teacher guiding things along. It's really not like that at all. She does spend a great deal of time with " The Sheihk " and he is absolutely her hero in the sense that she accepts anything that he says without question ; but what makes this book interesting and what carries things along is the author's own interesting story. I was much more interested in that.

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Lisa A Ushman

4.0 out of 5 starsVery informativeFebruary 28, 2016
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I read this book right before my church group visited a local mosque. I wanted to have a non-media influenced perspective on the Islamic religion. It did that very well, though the first portion of it, for me, was a slow read. I got this book because I saw it on a list of the best books published in 2015 and I had the desire to know the truth about this growing religion. I recommend it. I gave it only 4 stars, because the beginning pace bugged me, at the time.

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Apr 20, 2015Beth rated it it was amazing
I will admit that, coming into this book, I was extremely naive about Islam and the Quran. My sole hard-core belief was the same belief I ascribe to any serious religion - that there will always be those who pick and choose parts of their belief to harm others, whether it is gays in Christianity or "Westerners" in Islam. I'm not sure if my ignorance on this topic helped or hindered the reading of this book, but it certainly gave me a sense of peace about what could be possible between the 3 religions that are more similar than different.

Carla Power makes a strong case in this book that Islam and the Quran are much more than what many (including most jihadists) have been told. Repeatedly, the point is made to "Think!" - not just follow rote memorization. The Sheik, Mohammad Akram Nadwi, makes it his goal to try and teach people to think about the Quran - study and ask questions and *always* go back to the sources. This sort of encouragement to not just follow blindly is far different from my own Protestant upbringing. Power ties together her studies with Akram, as well as current and past events, to demonstrate that Islam is not a static religion, but one that can grow and learn in accordance with the Quran.

For those like myself with little or no knowledge of the Quran, this book is an elegantly written way to get a basic understanding. For those who are more well-versed in Islam and/or the Quran, this book is a way to "think" and to study and to learn more about the basic sources from the past. And for those who believe Islam is evil, this should be required reading. I firmly believe people are entitled to their own opinions, but I do believe that those opinions should at least be based on the further gaining of knowledge. A few half-truths, left unresearched, leads to nothing but stunted growth and rotten ideas.

Please do not think this book is a boring text - it is the furthest thing from it. It is interesting, and even comforting - sort of like the meetings over tea that Power often had with Akram during her year of studies. It is extremely well-written and her background as a journalist definitely shows. Something that could have been boring, dry or pushy ended up being much more intriguing than I anticipated. I find myself having finished this book and interested in learning more, so a hunt for further reading is in order.

Long story short? Read this. Knowledge is important, and should never stop. Islam is one of the fastest-growing religions in the world today, and it is imperative that we strive for a mutual understanding based on facts rather than panic and fear. (less)
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Mar 25, 2015jordan rated it it was ok
"If the Oceans were Ink” weaves together two narrative threads, either of which could have made for an interesting read. Unfortunately, neither narrative proves very satisfying. Carla Power, the author, decides to seek to understand the Quran. Given our world, one can hardly imagine a more useful intellectual pursuit. She forms a close relationship with an Islamic scholar, Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi, with whom she can study the text. Here then are those two threads: one, the friendship between an erudite Islamic scholar and a western secular woman journalist and the other an exploration of the Quran. And Islam. Neither story, however, ever develops sufficient power to become compelling. The story of the friendship lacks any tension whatsoever. As for the Quran, far from oceans of ink, Power offers an understanding of the text that is instead a narrow swimming lane.

No doubt Sheikh Akram is an engaging and erudite man of extraordinary learning. I would be eager to read more of his work. Islam is a rich tradition and it is interesting how he reaches back into that tradition in order to argue, for example, for gender equality. When it comes to learning with Akram, however, Power takes on the role of the empty vessel to be filled. Instead of offering any challenge to Akram’s understanding of Islam, she continually accepts his interpretation as if it were the “right” one. Yes, she more than once pays lip service to the diversity of Islam. As she correctly points out, there simply can’t be one reading of the Quran – or any sacred text with a group of believers --that is valid for 1.6 billion people. Yet time and again she circles back into the same paradigm: that Akram’s views, because she can without much difficulty square them with her western secular and liberal views are in some sense “right.” On the page, her passivity and acceptance makes for relationship that I can only describe as dull.

As you can imagine, this acceptance of Akramin turn runs into the book’s second shortcoming. Her exploration of the Quran never runs very deep. Nor does she seriously engage the inherent contradictions of the text. In reality, there are Muslims who read the Quran as a text advocating peaceful coexistence AND those who read it as requiring terrible violence. Both can make arguments from the text. Nor is the latter argument as easily dismissed as Power tries to assert, simply a failing to read the second half of a particular sentence. No they read the text. They read the whole text. Their conclusions arise out of differences of interpretation not a shortness of attention.

As it happens, Power’s approach is curiously ironic. Power at one point explains the influence of the late Edward Said’s paradigm of Orientalism on her understanding of Islam. Her approach to Islam, however, resembles nothing so much as the liberal side of the Orientalist coin (if you’re unfamiliar with Said’s thesis, you can find a synopsis on Wikipedia). Instead of applying any analytical method to Akram’s narrative, she simply accepts it as true. Consider for example her presentation of the life of Mohammed and the Companions: Power merely accepts it as a historical truth, rather than as a source that would likely exhibit an obvious bias. There are no shortage of scholars who might have helped Power unpack the traditional narrative, but for her these are of little interest. Imagine if instead she had decided to study either the Hebrew Bible or the Christian Scripture with a rabbi or priest. It is almost impossible to imagine she would simply accept the narrative of Moses or Jesus as, you’ll pardon the pun, Gospel. Yet here she does just that. In so doing, she fails her reader on multiple levels.

On the textual level, her approach misses the Quran’s complexity. Really, it is almost impossible to explain why the Quran is a text like no other. Unlike other religious texts, the Quran follows no particular narrative thread. Instead, the Quran collects the Surahs without regard for sequential order. If you know the Bible, imagine Chapter 1 as Israel at Sinai and Chapter 2 being the rules of property and chapter 3 being the story of King Saul and chapter 4 as the rules of sacrifices and you’ll get an inkling of what this might look like. Oh, and also sprinkle the psalms through the text as well.

Further complicating Quranic study, the text itself is written in an extremely esoteric Arabic. Crucial aspects of the Quran contain language so obscure that it can only be understood through analogy, often tortured analogy. Consider for example the famed notion of the virgins of paradise. The word understood as virgin, “hur,” isn’t a noun at all, but an adjective meaning “white.” While it has come to be understood as meaning “virgins,” that isn’t at all clear in the text. (Indeed, one recent scholar, writing under the pseudonym Christoph Luxenberg, went so far as to argue that Syriac, not Arabic is the original language of the Quran, and that “hur” actually refers to white raisins. Fascinating to scholars, the idea went over in Islamic quarters about as well as you’d expect). Power’s belief in the supremacy of Akram’s understanding, however, denudes the Quran of such complexity. If the Quran contains much that conflicts with Power’s ideas of ethics or proper living, it doesn’t get much play here.

In the end, Power’s accepting of one view of Islam as true – and the one of which she can most easily approve – does a grave disservice to the faith she expresses a desire to understand. In some Christian quarters it has become fashionable to assert that events like the Crusades or the Blood Libel pogroms were “unchristian” and that therefore the perpetrators weren’t “real” Christians, and thus absolve Christianity of any responsibility. In the same vein, one hears great Islamic scholars like George Bush and Barak Obama opine that ISIS doesn’t represent “true Islam.” This of course if nothing more than prettifying hogwash. Muslims who engage in actions that we might find reprehensible draw from the same well as Power’s teacher. I may find some communities of my faith tradition wholly deplorable but writing them out would be intellectually dishonest. That she finds Sheikh Akram’s reading more attractive doesn’t make them any more true. Those who murdered Anwar Sadat and behead people in Iraq read from the same Quran Akram reads in Britain.

For the most part, westerners remain painfully ignorant about Islam. Power does a real service pointing out the depth of that ignorance. Whether one accepts or rejects the “clash of civilizations” narrative, there are countless reasons – practical, intellectual, aesthetic – for people to seek a deep understanding of Islam in all its richness. Clinging to ignorance should be unforgivable. Unfortunately, Power doesn’t so much as bring in the sun of understanding to banish this ignorance as use a candle to offer a tunnel of light to a destination she prefers. Rather than presenting Islam, she presents the Islam she as western intellectual happens to prefer. (less)
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Jun 10, 2015Salam Ch rated it liked it
"وَلَوْ أَنَّمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِن شَجَرَةٍ أَقْلَامٌ وَالْبَحْرُ يَمُدُّهُ مِن بَعْدِهِ سَبْعَةُ أَبْحُرٍ مَّا نَفِدَتْ كَلِمَاتُ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ "- سورة لقمان
" And if whatever trees upon the earth were pens and the sea [was ink], replenished thereafter by seven [more] seas, the words of Allah would not be exhausted. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise." -Surat Lukman.

Carla Power presents in "if the oceans were ink" a memoir for her encounter to study the Quran wit ...more
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Dec 13, 2016Roger DeBlanck rated it it was amazing
Shelves: non-fiction, favorites
In her yearlong study under the guidance of renowned Islamic scholar Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi, journalist Clara Power gained profound insight and clarity of the Quran’s humane message of peace and inclusiveness. Her memoir is a remarkably moving tribute to the great knowledge and compassion that echo forth from the true teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Through her experiences, we can gain a deep appreciation for the beauty, complexity, and humanity of the Quranic verses. Power highlights how the Sheikh’s studies bear testament to the manifold contributions and significant influences women have made throughout the history of Islam. In fact, no religion has women playing so vital a role in its development than Islam. Too often over the centuries, it has been radicals and extremists who have polluted the true message of the Quran. In doing so, they have chosen to exploit laws and customs to carry out oppression, violence, and terror.

Power learned from the Sheikh how to return to a close examination of the Prophet’s sage words and deeds, which reveal the inspiring faith and universal values of the Quran. In its essence, Islam advocates devotion to prayer, focus on charity, and closeness to God. Islam espouses equal rights and justice, and an empowering form of humanity can be found in the life of the Prophet’s wisdom and actions. To be a true Muslim one must show loyalty to the Prophet’s sunna, his words and deeds. Through the Prophet’s vision and message, one finds a call for moderation of actions, acceptance of others, equality of all people, and piety towards God. Muhammad’s community of Muslims was to spread peace, feed the hungry, and honor kinships. The Prophet preached never to force beliefs on anyone. His hopes were to bring learning and understanding. He knew his limits and he taught to avoid anger, power, and wealth. He also taught his followers to be generous and demonstrate a gentle character. These attributes will ultimately help people relate to the true message of Islam. In fact, nowhere in Islam do hierarchies or divisions exist. Nor does compulsion. Islam not only tolerates differences, it values them as part of God’s design. The Quran stresses how no singular group has exclusive salvation, and it questions any group that claims only a singular path to paradise exists.

So why is Islam viewed with suspicion and fear? The Sheikh explained to Power how obsessive rules and laws have too often devolved into punitive measures and acts of extremism, which directly defy what the Prophet taught and stood for. Sadly, abandonment of Islam’s true message occurred over centuries with the decline of the traditional madrasa system. The intellect and moderation of Islam slowly deteriorated into the harsh words and practices of radicals. Extremists now conduct misguided readings of the Quran and settle on reckless interpretations. The Sheikh explains how Islam is about justice and how all fighting and protesting should be redirected into time spent for prayer and honoring God. Islamists have made Islam about political struggle, when they should be focused on piety. By making political power the only goal of Islam, extremists abandon the way of the Prophet’s teachings. Their quest for sharia law destroys their piety towards God. Real piety requires a commitment to one’s individual belief in honoring God and following the Prophet’s message of peace and understanding. State-endorsed Islam is nothing more than hypocrisy. Problems arise when Muslims chose identity politics over piety.

Returning to a loyal reading of the Quran reveals a great humanity based on reason and tolerance. Islam began with a command to read, so any call to arms is misguided because Islam demands its followers to think, pray, submit, and be patient in their quest to gain a closeness to God. This knowledge of returning to God is the cycle of life that the Prophet pursued. Carla Power learned through her studies with Sheikh Akram that the piety rooted at the heart of Islam calls for the defense of human rights and a devotion to individual consciousness over laws imposed by the state. Power’s memoir celebrates exactly what Islam expounds: that to practice true humanity, one must learn to see the whole of the world and learn to accept and understand others. If the Oceans Were Ink is among the most enlightening and open-minded books on discussing the humane faith of Islam and the Quran. (less)
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Feb 23, 2015Josie rated it really liked it
A very thoughtful book. A secular journalist befriends a traditional Islamic scholar, Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi. For a year she meets with him to learn about the Quran and his faith. Surprisingly, his view is very broad in places where a Westerner might expect it to be narrow; women, education, reason, etc...His thoughts on veiling of women was fascinating. It should only be the woman's choice. Veiled, a woman becomes more than just her body or a sexual object for someone else. It seems surprisingly feminist in that way. Also, his emphasis on placing sacred text in the context in which it was written is necessary for a faithful reading. Educated clergy are a gift to the faith, not a detraction. He even changes his mind on a matter of theology by the arguments of two of his female students (to the astonishment of his male students!)
I've heard it said that when you learn of religions different from your own, you learn about your own religion in the process. While I admired and was humbled by aspects of this man's holiness, I found his faith to be utterly otherworldly, concerned largely with personal piety and fear of hell. At times it seemed the reason for good deeds and submission to Allah's will was in hopes of afterlife rewards. This world was just a way station to something greater (or grimmer) and a pious Muslim wouldn't get too involved in it. This may be good advice, but I find those "pie in the sky" theologies disturbing in any faith, including my own. It seems unloving and without compassion. A narrowing of vision perhaps that excluded too many and focused so much on the self and the self's spiritual scoreboard. The Sheikh seemed a very caring family man and a gentle friend to the author, but in the end, he concludes that because she is an unbeliever, she is bound for hell - and he says it nicely, with a smile.
Like the author, I found myself hoping he would present a more "modern" sensibility on certain topics. Indeed on some matters, he was amazingly egalitarian and enlightened. Much of his scholarly research has been to reclaim the heritage of women teachers and spiritual leaders in Islam's past. On other issues like homosexuality and the legitimacy of other religions, he remains very hard line with little of his fluid thinking on other matters. His condemnation of my faith, while kindly given, was very difficult and hurtful. We really have no authority to say these things to another, even in a "kind, I'm trying to save you" way.
All in all a fascinating peek at this holy book and faith which has something beautiful and challenging to say to us all. (less)
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Mar 10, 2016Tim rated it really liked it
Shelves: islam, islam-western-islam
There was much that was relatable in both Carla and Sheikh Akram. In Carla, I recognized the desire to understand, and even the desire for immersion that she inherited from her father when she observes that “I saw the transformative effect that crossing cultures had on him: it went beyond a value to become a survival strategy.” (location 567) Later, she alludes to the focus and clarity that is possible in displacement, not only in the obvious benefits of seeing something “foreign” up close, but also in the view it gives to the home culture: “For me, distance has always spurred engagement, if not enchantment. I was most attentive to Western culture when I was far away from it.”(location 3394)

In the Sheikh’s view of Islam the theme that most struck me was his focus on kindness and compassion and how he draws a line from that to the justice of Islam. Justice is ultimately a form of love, of a desire for a universal good past all lesser agendas. It goes past politics, culture and “religion” in its institutional form and extends to God Himself.

For if God is bigger than we can imagine, then God must truly transcend. It’s where we see the universality of Islam. My own attraction to the faith started as an intellectual search through a discarding of the past. I was stepping away from what I’d been taught early in life in a search for the authentic. I discovered something on my own terms, and that discovery has resonated in the sense that I am now able to embrace the new as well as the old. Like anything that has truth at its essence, the focus on the particular grants clarity to the universal. God is closer than we can imagine, yet transcendent. One God, many manifestations. The truth in Islam is reflected for me just as much in Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism. The Real is reflected precisely because I’m seeing it in one focused way rather than trying to glimpse it from all possible vantage points. The Sheikh says at one point “If Allah had pleased, He would have created all people alike, yet Allah has bestowed on man the potential for intellect and will, hence people have diverse beliefs, thoughts, and tendencies.” (location 3479) This comes from the Qur’an itself in 5:48 among other places. Where the Sheikh and I would disagree is his belief that only Muslims (capital M) carry the ultimate true religion.

The Qur’an speaks to Muslims in the lower case “m”...muslim meaning “One who submits to God”. Islam as an institutional religion with its centuries of accumulated history wasn’t around when the Qur’an was revealed. This, the Sheikh too acknowledges, and he sees this as a call to get past culture and politics to a focus on God, which for him means a focus on character. There is a chapter where he is challenged on this by Mona, a student who sees justice as extending to the here and now in the sense of fighting corrupt leaders, particularly in the context of the Arab Spring. The Sheikh didn’t see this as important as a focus on improving the self. I would take a bit of both – fight corruption but don’t let it consume you, transcend it or you’ll become what you’re trying to avoid.

Carla wanted to see Islam through the Qur’an as interpreted by the Sheikh, who she was drawn to from his remarkable studies on the influence of women in Islamic history. She too hoped for more truth in universals through a focus on particulars. For the Sheikh, his plan was to take her back to “basics” with Islam as focused first on the Qur’an and then the Sunnah of the Prophet. The Sheikh is not a Salafist in this sense, but would have more of a traditional approach as seen by someone like Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Sheikh Akram respects the work done by classical Islamic scholars, but also challenges that work in his recognition of the impact of culture, even in his own habits. To him, it’s about a return to The Qur’an and Sunnah, and Carla acts a bit shocked when she is told that so many Muslims don’t study the Qur’an or even read it as they should, instead relying on others to interpret it for them.

The book has an amazing tone of openness and a willingness to learn from both parties and is not afraid to express disagreements, uncomfortable ideas, traditions or facts, including the age of Aisha, whether or not the Qur’an authorizes domestic abuse, issues of women’s rights and of course jihad. It’s a healthy discussion, and one that is encouraged by Islam itself.“The term that appears most frequently in the Quran, after “Allah,” is ilm, or knowledge. Islam began with the command, “Read.” And the Sheikh’s own message was not a call to arms, but a plea to his students: “Think!”” (location 4206)
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Jul 26, 2015John Kaufmann rated it liked it
Shelves: philosophy-religion, sociology-socscience
Very mixed about this book. I could have given it 2-stars or 4-stars. I enjoyed reading it, and it challenged some of my preconceptions/prejudices. That's what a good book is supposed to do, right?

But at the same time, I found it hard to accept much of what the protagonist (the Muslim cleric the author befriended) said about Islam - I was questioning and critiquing a lot of what he said and what the author accepted, at least on the surface. I couldn't help wondering at times whether the author was condoning some of the comments (she is/was quite open and even sympathetic toward Islam), or whether she was just a journalist reporting on what her friend was teaching. (She did voice her own skepticism on a few issues, such as over how women are treated and the reflexive anti-Jewish attitudes expressed even by this cleric.)

In any event, I couldn't help thinking that if this cleric that she befriended is among the most liberal and Western that Islam has to offer, well, it's still quite conservative by contemporary western standards (and many Muslims probably prefer it that way). (The author reminds us that it's only 200-300 years ago the West was much the same, and is still no paragon of liberalism or tolerance.) Furthermore, as liberal and open and accepting as this cleric is, much of what he had to say is, by his own admission, not even accepted within his immediate family and faith community, much less by Islam as a whole. That doesn't mean most Muslims are terrorists, of course, or even that they are supportive of the extremists; but it does suggest that there remains an inherent tension between Muslim religion/culture and the West. The author didn't go there.

The protagonist argues that the Quran (and in particular the Hadith, the direct commentary and teachings of Muhammed and his immediate companions) is more liberal and tolerant than common perception, and that the more intolerant and extreme positions that have come to be identified with Islam in recent years are interpretations that have accrued by clerics over the centuries and contradict Muhammed's message. I'm not sure that's accurate based on other stuff I've read, but I'm also not sure it's even relevant.

All-in-all, it's a good book and worth reading. It is a more enjoyable way to learn about Islam than many of the drier, more "scholarly" books. Just don't enter it thinking it is the "truth" about Islam, or even that it's accurate or representative (maybe it is, but maybe it isn't). It does portray, however, one piece of the mosaic that makes up Islam, and deserves our attention.(less)
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May 08, 2016Edwin Setiadi rated it it was amazing
This book is a perfect book for Ramadan reading, written by Carla Power, a secular Jewish journalist whom has 20 years+ unique friendship with a renowned Muslim scholar in Britain, Sheikh Mohammed Akram Nadwi.

It is an enlightening book, written with the mission to 1. Debunk the [negative] myths and stereotypes surrounding Islam and Muslims 2. To differentiate between local customs (like burqa-wearing Taliban) and the religion 3. And more centrally for the book, to interpret the verses in the Holy Quran and show, for instance, why the so-called "verse of the sword" that Osama Bin Laden used to justify his actions was being misinterpreted.

It is a personal book, built around the personae of the Sheikh, following his amazing journey from a simple madrassa student in his village in India, to researcher in Oxford University, and to world renowned expert on Hadith. It is also a personal book for the author, where she can relate a lot of major historical events with her own story - from her childhood in Tehran, Delhi, Kabul, Cairo, to her work in an Islamic Think Tank and as a journalist covering the Middle East.

It is also a beautifully written book, with the highest respect dedicated to Islam and the Holy Quran. The title of the book itself is a testament to this, which is a poetic reference from a Quran verse:

Say, even if the ocean were ink For (writing) the words of my Lord, The ocean would be exhausted Before the words of my Lord were exhausted, Even if We were to add another ocean to it. (Al Kahf 18:109)

Reza Aslan's No God But God was enlightening, so did Karen Armstrong's Islam: a short story. But this book is different, it moved me, humbled me and able to connect me to the solemn and peaceful [real] religion of Islam, one verse of Quran interpretation at a time. The Sheikh's wisdom and teachings about Islam is very calming and reassuring, while the author's worldly knowledge gave me a new perspective on how to see the so-called "Islamic World" from a different light. (less)
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Apr 10, 2015Lindsay rated it it was amazing
Shelves: adult, non-fiction, biographymemoir, progress-and-commentary
It took me one whole month to read this because it is a sitting and thinking book, though not in an inscrutable way...just so much food for thought. And I chose to pick it up in time for holiday/life madness.

As a non-believer who happens to love Islam (as well as hailing from St. Louis), I enjoyed much of Carla Power's perspective going into a year long study with her friend and colleague, Sheik Mohammad Akram Nadwi. She had a foundation and was curious, and she often calls herself out on her own ignorance, privilege, and assumptions. It was so enlightening to hear the Sheik's point of view--in these days of strict black and white, it was awesome to hear confident yet humble lessons from a conservative (though progressive--in the ways traditional Islam has always been historically) Muslim. I felt Power's friction, too, on the moments they did clash, but always it roots down a deeper exploration. After a chapter or two reading the e-book on loan from the library, I realized I just needed to buy the dang thing--this is the first book in forever that prompted me to highlight the text and put in stickies. I am so excited to explore all the feminist and otherwise progressive Muslims referenced throughout...marked up the bib quite well, too. While the book was not without some detractors, it provided me a beautiful reading experience (in the end, I was tearing up a bit) and no doubt has developed my own understanding of Islam a little more. (less)
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May 06, 2015Vera rated it it was amazing
Carla Power writes with a novelist's elegant eye, taking readers on an intimate, personal journey into the heart of a religion that has been an enigma to most Western readers. Refreshingly open and honest, Power neither seeks to defend Islam nor to malign it; rather, she unpacks elements of the religion that we may have heard reference to but with little context. And she does it with the help of a companion, Sheikh Mohammad Akram Nadwi who grew up steeped in it. Together they peel away layers of meaning from the text of the Quran and the cultures that have evolved around it. Who was Mohammad and how did the book get written? Do women really count less than men in Islam? Why is the Quran open to such widely divergent interpretations? What's the deal with the 72 virgins? Power weaves her own story of growing up American, secular and nomadic across the Middle East and South Asia in the 1970s and 80s with Nadwi's upbringing in a village and then a madrasa in northern India. Their personal histories converge in Oxford, England where, against a global backdrop of war and cultural barriers, they work together to tease out a deeper understanding of the world's fastest-growing religion. This book is a must-read for policymakers, journalists, community leaders, and anyone (Muslim or non-Muslim) who is interested in a clear, humanist picture of what Islam is all about. (less)
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Dec 04, 2015Ina Cawl rated it it was amazing
i honestly enjoyed this book although it will be diffcult for non muslims to fully understand many words in the book
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Apr 15, 2017Quo rated it liked it
Recommends it for: Those with a very minimal exposure to Islam
Recommended to Quo by: League of Women Voters selection at local library
Shelves: reviewed
There are essentially two books within If the Oceans Were Ink: An Unlikely Friendship and a Journey to the Heart of the Quran by Carla Power, a curious blending of Islamic scholar Sheik Akram's interpretation of the Qur'an (Koran) and an embedded autobiographical sketch of the author's childhood & family, with the profile of the sheik being much more compelling. In fact, I wished that Carla Power had been much less personally involved in the book itself and simply had let Sheik Akram act as the driving force. That said, I suspect that the editorial mission was to allow this book to serve as a preamble for those with no previous exposure to Islam or the Middle East. The author takes on the task of experiencing or interpreting the Qur'an as a "cultural cartographer" with Sheik Akram, an Indian-born Muslim scholar living in the U.K. as her guide.

My point of discontent is that I felt that Carla Power was never fully invested in a thorough exploration of the Qur'an as opposed to merely completing her assignment of spending most of one year with an Islamic scholar. Power's view of the Qur'an seemed simplistic at best & with reference to the most important Islamic book, she indicates: "I had no clue", an odd admission for someone with considerable journalistic experience who spent parts of her childhood in various Islamic countries and who has a degree from Oxford. We learn that the author's father was a depressive law professor in St. Louis & a Quaker and her mother an English professor & a "cultural Jew". And like her father, someone whose view of Islam was that of an "Orientalist", someone with an aesthetic appreciation of Islam rather than viewing it as a living tradition, Carla Power expresses that both were "most at home when farthest from it."

We do learn that prior to Muhammad, pilgrims made an annual visit to Mecca to worship the 360 idols or tribal gods contained in the Kabba much as the ancient Druids made pilgrimages to the area that now is said to serve as the repository for St. Stephen's bones & the Christian pilgrimage site at Santiago de Compostela in NW Spain. Also, initially Muhammad led a multi-faith community at Medina that included Jews & pagans. In 632, 10 years after the flight to Medina, the Hejira & after battling the Meccans & building the first mosque, Mohammad returns to Mecca in triumph & smashes the idols within the Kabba. These are fundamental details to a comprehension of the Qur'an and Islam.

Sheik Akram is from a small town near Lucknow in northern India & is viewed as a liberal cleric because he is has a less doctrinaire reading of the Qur'an and Islam in general, particularly as relates to women. Akram's view is that "the whole world is a mosque" and calls for a "muscular submission to Allah". He states that "whether in Lucknow or Liverpool, pray and change yourself & not the system". Thus, Akram laments both the American focus on individualism (vs. the Muslim focus on continuity) and those Muslims who attempt at all costs to recreate the age of Muhammad rather than to use the Qur'an as a guide to a living faith. Akram has written a controversial book, based on extensive research, Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in Islam with coverage of Muhammad's 11 wives & in particular, wife #3, Aisha, who was a jurist, a military commander & an Islamic scholar. Meanwhile, wife #10, Saffiya, was a Jewish convert to Islam.

At a seminar aimed at young British Muslims seeking spouses, the sheik is asked about feminism, child brides & the role of women within Islam but not about the absence of female imams or sheiks. It seems that Muslim women today are better educated & better-off in general but still secondary to men, though there has been a gradual evolution according to Akram, whose own views seem to be evolving. According to the sheik, Islam is "not just an identity but a means of knowing (cultivating) God's presence", for "Allah demands faith & action." In spite of a seeming openness to other religions, Sheik Akram suggests that Jews & Christians must accept Muhammad as a prophet in order to reach heaven. And, the Christian concept of the Trinity represents the ultimate sin against Islam as "God doesn't need any partners".

The segments of If the Oceans Were Ink that I most enjoyed were those when Akram speaks of his own relationship with Islam, including his views on how Islam has allowed cultural aspects to change since Muhammad's time. especially with relation to the role of women. Sheik Akram is described as an "extremist quietist" & is firmly apolitical. He tells Muslims to "change yourself & not the system!". Akram cites the assault on the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center on 9/11 and the reaction to that attack, the so-called "War on Terror", suggesting that both the bombers and the responders were obsessed with external threats, with both seeming as symmetrical as the Twin Towers, blaming each other instead of developing Taqwa, or God-consciousness.
The jihadis blamed the west for the ills of the Muslim world, while the American hawks exaggerated the threat from the jihadis. Neither was willing to look at what was really ailing their societies, thought Akram. In the Muslim case, it was their mistaken turn away from piety to identity politics. In the United States, it was a moral decline & an unquenchable desire for eating, drinking, money & sex. True freedom means freedom from desire. True freedom means freedom of thinking and if your mind just follows your desires--how to make more money, how to eat more, drink more, have more things--it's really worse than slavery.The sheik, who also has a degree from Oxford, has described his own life as a "deft shuffle between tradition & exploration." Late in the book, the former nun & British author, Karen Armstrong, is quoted as stressing the need to "focus on reconciliation & not retaliation."

There are indeed insights into the Qur'an within If the Oceans Were Ink but I thought that the book often resembled a transcribed author's journal, "Travels With Carla" as it were and I had expected a more in-depth interchange between Carla Power & Sheik Akram. *If permitted, I would have rated the book as 3.5 vs. just a 3. (Thus, perhaps a 4* rating for Sheik Akram and a 3* rating for Carla Power.) (less)
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May 09, 2017R Nair rated it liked it
Islam is a beautiful religion in itself, unfortunately it also may be the most misinterpreted one at the present times. Not only westerners but also many easterners still remain largely ignorant of what Islam truly is. I don't claim to be an expert, but having grown up in a country where one can peacefully study in a catholic school that stands about 5 meters away from a Hindu temple while most of your friends in the said school are Sikh and Muslim kids reciting morning prayers from the Bible, gives you a unique perspective about the internal structure of faith and how easy it is to not be butthurt over what a book or a polititian says. This book provides that perspective but unfortunately not in real depth. If the book had gone into the deeper contentious issues in Islam along with the innumerable ideas in it that are a klaxon of peace and tolerance instead of the chapters dealing with the cultural and socio-economic background of the Islamic Scholar and the author's friendship with him, then this would have been a far more interesting book. But as it is, it is compelling reading and can work as a candle in the dark for those looking to understand the scholarly secular philosohpical interpretation of the Quran in greater depth. (less)
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‘신의 나라’ 일본과 ‘무종교’의 일본 - 서정민(徐正敏)|論座 - 朝日新聞社の言論サイト



‘신의 나라’ 일본과 ‘무종교’의 일본 - 서정민(徐正敏)|論座 - 朝日新聞社の言論サイト




‘신의 나라’ 일본과 ‘무종교’의 일본

-‘8백만’의 신과 99.9% ‘무종교인’ 클래스-

서정민 메이지가쿠인대학 교수(종교사), 그리스도교연구소 소장


2019年04月28日

徐正敏

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*이 기사는 필자가 한국어와 일본어 2개국어로 집필하였습니다. 일본어판도 함께 읽어 주시기 바랍니다.


필자가 재직 중인 메이지가쿠인대학, 일본의 사립대학 중 다수가 기독교계 대학인데, 기독교 대학의 교수, 직원, 재학생 대부분은 ‘무종교인’이다= 필자 제공
--------------

그대들은 종교를 가졌는가, 종교에 관심이 있는가

필자는 대학에서 주로 종교사 과목을 가르친다. 매년 개강 후 첫 시간이면, 100명 전후의 클래스에서 질문을 한다.

"종교를 가진 이가 있는가, 아니면 종교에 관심이 있는 이가 있는가?"

돌아 오는 대답은 대개 지난 수년간 다름이 없다. 100명 중, 클래스에 따라 한 사람 정도가 종교가 있다고 대답하거나, 아니면 전무하다. 그리고 100명이면 7-8명 정도가 종교에 관심이 있다고 답하는데, 그 정도도 많은 편에 속한다.

그런데 필자의 클래스는 더구나 종교의 역사, 혹은 직접적으로 그리스도교를 학습해야 하는 클래스인데도 그렇다. 그런 면으로 보면 필자는 대단히 불우한 교수이다.

종교도 거의 가지지 않았고, 그에 대한 관심조차도 없는 학생들에게 일단 종교에 대한 관심을 불러 일으켜서, 다시 그것을 가르쳐야 하는 셈이다. 벽을 바라보고 강의를 하는 형국이라고 할까, 공허한 독백을 늘어놓는 강의라 할까, 아무튼 극한 직업임에 틀림이 없다.

그런 필자의 클래스로 대표되는 일본의 대다수 젊은 세대, 특히 엘리트라 할 수 있는 집단일수록 종교가 무엇이냐고 물으면, 종교가 없는 ‘무종교’이다.

더구나 지금까지도, 앞으로도 종교에는 딱히 관심이 없다거나, 없을 것이라는 반응이 일반적이다.

그렇다면 정녕 이러한 일본의 ‘무종교’ 대세 현상은 역사적으로 그런 것이며, 일본은 본래부터 ‘무종교’의 나라일까?

‘신의 나라’[神國] 일본

그렇지가 않다.

일본은 종교학자들이 이르기를 전통적으로, 종교문화사적으로 볼 때 가장 많은 신이 있고, 그 신을 섬기는 문화권으로 분류된다.

보통 일본의 신을 8백만으로 헤아린다. 신이 8백만이 있다는 것은 셀 수 있는 수준이 아니라 세상 그 어떤 것도, 그 어떤 형상도 다 신이 될 수 있다는, 다신교 최고 단계의 경우가 아닐 수 없다. 일본 종교의 기저가 되는 신도(神道)는 세계적으로도 대표적 다신교 종교인 것이다.

아무튼 근본적으로 일본의 역사는 지극히 종교적이며, 종교와 더불어 각 지역 군락의 삶이 형성되었다. 곳곳에 남아있는 종교적 제의와 축제가 다 그 흔적이 아닐 수 없다.

더구나 외래 종교라 할 수 있는 불교도 일본을 기반으로 다시 꽃피어 났다. 오랜 역사를 자랑하고, 특색과 규모를 뽐내는 일본의 불교문화 역시 세계적인 것이 아닐 수 없다.

그러나 일본이 종교와 신의 나라요, 그런 문화를 지닌 것을 역사적 측면으로만 볼 수는 없다.
지속적인 신종교의 생산, 현재까지 횡행되는 일부 종교의 사회적 범람 현상도 일본의 종교문화적 특성을 드러내고 있다. 즉 일본은 지극히 종교적으로 민감한 사회이다. '신도'는 헤아릴 수도 없는 여러 신들을 섬긴다. 그리고 지금도 계속하여 신이 생산되는 문화이다. 경우에 따라서는 앞으로 만화의 ‘캐릭터’나 ‘로봇’이 신이 될지도 모르는 가능성도 전혀 없지는 않다.

그리고 더 하나, 뼈아프게도 1995년 3월 20일 도쿄 한 복판에서 ‘옴 진리교’의 테러, 그런 종교사회적 충격으로 세계를 놀라게 한 나라이다.

무슨 이유인지 아사하라 쇼고(麻原彰晃)라는 저급한 종교적 카리스마가 일본의 일부 엘리트 지성과 또한 평범한 사람들을 극단적으로 뇌쇄시킬 수 있는 사회이다.

또한 한국에서는 사실 변방이던 통일교가 일본의 보통 사람들을 다수 현혹시켰고, 그들의 희생을 기반으로 일정한 세력을 형성하였다. 지금 현재도 일본사회는 새로운 종교적 창안과 활력이 힘을 발휘하는 사회이다. 수많은 신흥종교가 활동하고 앞으로도 생산될 가능성이 높은 사회 중 하나이다.

'종교'의 나라에서 ‘무종교’의 나라로

일본의 근대국가는 ‘근대 천황제 이데올로기’를 창출했다. 강력한 일본의 중앙집권적 국민통합의 이데올로기로는 최고의 유효성을 지녔다. 그리고 그것은 ‘초종교’의 수준으로 모든 종교적 권위를 초월했다.

'신도'에서 분리된 ‘국가신도’는 ‘비종교’로 규정되었다. 그러나 그 단계는 ‘종교 위의 종교’로 온 국민의 숭앙 대상이 되었다.

그리고 근대일본은 급속히 세속 문명을 받아 들였다. 빠른 속도로 모든 전근대적 사고를 뛰어 넘어 과학과 합리적 이성의 인간문명에 집중하였다.

종교는 ‘비합리’이거나 ‘초점 밖의 요소’가 되었다. 이는 지성적 훈련의 수준에 정비례하였다. 지식인 엘리트일수록 종교는 열외이고, 이성과 과학이 중시되었다. 종교는 점점 전통으로서 문화의 구색을 맞추는 정도에 머물렀다.
아직도 국가신도의 특징을 지니고 있는 야스쿠니신사(靖国神社)= 필자 제공


‘무종교’라고 부르는 하나의 종교

그러나 인간은 종교적 존재이며, 종교는 인간의 선택이 아니라, 필수적 영역이다.

자신을 ‘무종교’요, 종교에 관심이 없는 존재로 여길 때 종교의 개념은 대단히 좁은 개념이다. 즉 그리스도교, 불교, 이슬람교, 유교, 신도, 토속종교, 신종교 등등, 그런 구체적 현상종교 집단에 소속되었느냐 아니냐, 그런 종교에 관심이 있느냐 없느냐로 판단하는 측면이다.

그러나 종교를 조금 넓은 범주로 본다면, 자신에게 종교가 없다는 무종교인에게는 바로 그 ‘무종교’가 그들의 종교라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 ‘무종교’라고 하더라도 ‘유신론적 무종교’와 ‘무신론적 무종교’로 다시 구분할 수 있다. 더 나아가면, 인간은 종교적 존재인데, 그것을 단순히 좁은 의미의 신앙이나, 종교적 생활에만 기준이 있지 않다. 한 인간이 살아가는 일상적 가치의 바탕과 더하여 궁극적 가치관, 그리고 최종적 삶의 선택, 죽음에 대한 견해, 역사와 사회에 대한 전반적 이해와 행동 준거, 때에 따라서는 자신이 가장 소중하게 여기는 것 등등을 모두 종교라는 관념의 범주에 넣을 수 있다.

더욱 현실적인 측면도 있다.

일본은 현재 세계적으로 ‘무종교' 정체성을 지닌 인구가 많은, 더구나 젊은 세대 대부분이 그런 자기인식을 지닌 국가이다.

그러나 일본의 국경을 나서는 순간, 이웃 한국은 반수 이상의 인구가 종교를 가졌다고 답하는 상황이다. 그 또한 열의 깊은 신앙심으로, 종교적 가치가 스스로의 삶을 좌우하는, 궁극성의 지수가 높은 종교 신앙인이 다수 편재한 나라이다. 중국의 경우는 많은 인구가 여러 요인에 의해 종교 인구로 급격히 이동하고 있는 현상을 보인다.

그리고 문화적으로, 지리적으로 깊이 연관된 아시아 일대에서는 ‘무종교’라고 하는 개념이 무엇인지도 모르는, 인구의 거의 전체가 종교 내의 영역에 편재되어 있다. 불교와 이슬람교가 양대 산맥을 이루고 있는 동남아시아와 중앙아시아, 힌두교가 전체를 주도하는 큰 인구의 인도, 이슬람교의 종주인 서아시아 중동이 잇닿아 있다.

혹시 일본의 젊은 세대와 유사한 종교적 인식이 많다고 평가할 수 있는 구미 여러 나라의 경우를 비교해 볼 수는 있으나, 역시 그들은 전통적인 기독교 정체성에 다수가 철저히 근거하고 있어서 경우가 다르다.
즉 일본의 대세인 ‘무종교’를 하나의 종교라고 전제하지 않는다면, 일본문화의 세계적 소통, 세계인과의 커뮤니케이션에 심각한 장벽이 가로놓일 가능성이 있다. 이런 이유에서도 일본의 ‘무종교 현상’을 하나의 독특한 ‘종교 현상’으로 상정하는 것이 필요하다
'정치'는 '종교' 없이는 설명이 안 된다

세상과 역사를 ‘정치’로 볼 수도, ‘경제’로 볼 수도, ‘문화’로 볼 수도, 그리고 ‘종교’로도 볼 수 있다. 물론 그 밖에도 볼 수 있는 영역이 많다.

그래서 그들 각 분야의 ‘눈’은, 역사에서 각각 ‘사관’을 만든다. 사관이란, 단순한 물리적 시점(視點)에만 머물지 않고, 때로는 신봉되는 ‘이데올로기’이기도 하다.

필자는 간혹 세상과 정치를 종교의 관점으로 본다. 혹자는 말한다. 종교로 볼 수 있는 것이 얼마나 될까, 특히 종교적 가치가 거의 무너져 내리고 있는 현대문명의 시대에서 누가, 아니 다수가 종교 같은 것에 관심이나 있을까? 이런 논조는 일본에서 더욱 팽배하다. 아예 종교에는 관심이 없다. ‘무종교’, 아니 더 나아가 ‘무신론’ 사회이다.

그런데 그 ‘무종교’와 ‘무신론’을 하나의 ‘종교적 신념’으로 보는 것을 전제로 해 본다.

‘종교적 신념’이란, 제한된 개인의 영역에서 복을 빌고, 윤리를 세우고, 죽음 이후의 불확실성을 담보하는 분야, 즉 ‘생명보험’ 같은 개념에만 머물지 않는다. ‘정치’의 ‘내면’이 되고, ‘경제’의 ‘동력’이 되며, 보이지 않게 ‘문화’의 ‘우상’도 된다. 그리고 극한 ‘전쟁’의 ‘배경’도 되고, 비극적 ‘인류 파국’의 원인도 된다. 부정적 ‘예언’의 근거도 되며, 빛나는 ‘미래’의 비전(vision)도 된다.

찬찬히 돌아보자. ‘정치’를 ‘정치’로 설명하기가 더 쉬운지, ‘종교적 신념’의 현상으로 설명하기가 더 쉬운지. 아랍 도처에서 진행되었고, 지금도 계속되는 ‘전쟁’, 꽃잎 같은 청년들의 ‘자살폭탄’, 천황 폐하의 은덕을 구가하며, 대양에 흩어져 날리던 눈발처럼 가녀린 몸을 날린 ‘가미가제(神風)특공대’, 오히려 종교적 신념 보다 더한 ‘분노’로 형제와 부모를 겨누어야 했던 한국 ‘동족상잔’의 전쟁, 정치적 카리스마라고는 도저히 해석되지 못할 수많은 역사의 ‘독재자’들과 그들을 향한 ‘군중의 함성’, 그리고 ‘반역’, 도대체 그것을 정치만으로 어떻게 설명할 수 있는가.

결국은 그것이 ‘종교’이거나, 아니면 적어도 ‘유사종교’에 준하는 것으로 이해할 수밖에 없다. 역사는 그렇게 점철되었다.

대개 현대 정치를 ‘밥상’을 잘 차려줄 수 있는 지도자에게 대중이 집중한다고 말한다. 그래서 ‘경제적 함수’와 ‘정치적 리더십’의 관계를 가장 적절한 상관관계로 해석한다. 일리 있는 말이다.

그러나 원래 ‘민중’에게 ‘밥’은 ‘종교’이다. 그리고 때로는 ‘굶어도, 배부른 환각’이 ‘종교’이다. ‘정치’는 ‘종교적 패러다임(paradigm)’에 의지하지 않고는 아무 것도 할 수 없다.

다만 지금 필자가 말하는 ‘종교’는 크고, 넓은 개념의 ‘종교’이다. 우리 개인들에게 '종교'가 있던, 없던, ‘종교’로 세상과 역사를 읽어 보기를 권한다. 생각보다 아주 잘 보인다. 그만큼 중요한 ‘동력’이다.

대단한 종교의 나라로서 일본


일본의 신종교 ‘행복의 과학’= ‘행복의 과학’ 홈페이지로부터



그런데 개인, 공동체, 문화권의 종교적 감수성이나 성향을 형태적으로 구분해 볼 수 있다.

한 개인이나 공동체가 현재의 상황을 최고의 순간으로 인식하고, 가장 좋은 이상으로 현재를 유지, 지속하는데 있다고 생각한다고 전제하자. 그것을 ‘M 타입’으로 부르자.

그와는 달리 지금 현재는 극심한 고통의 때이고 말도 안 되는 순간이며, 사실은 지나간 어느 때 그 때가 최고였다고 생각하는 부류가 있다고 치자. 지난 날의 영광을 부르짖고 그 때 그 시절로 돌아가기를 원하는 그런 부류를 ‘P 타입’이라고 부르자.

또 하나 지금의 고통은 말 할 것도 없으며, 지나가버린 때조차 극한의 시간이었고, 오직 언젠가 새 세상이 와서, 천지가 개벽(開闢)할 혁명의 때가 오기를 기다리는 부류가 있다고 치자, 그들은 ‘F 타입’이라고 부르자.

과연 이들 중 우리들 자신, 우리 공동체는 어디에 속하는가?

종교적 감수성으로는 그 중 ‘F 타입’이 가장 강력한 타입이다. 이들이야말로 진정 ‘메시아’를 기다리고, 새로운 세상의, 새로운 카리스마를 찾아 헤매거나, 아니면 ‘천지개벽’을 꿈꾸는 이들이다.

비교하자면 한국 종교문화의 한 특징은 역사로부터 ‘F 타입’이 다수인 특성이 강하다. 그러나 일본도 뒤지지 않는다. 신종교가 득세하는 일본도 ‘F 타입’이 강한 특징이 엿보인다.

일본도 결국 종교의 나라이다.

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筆者




서정민(徐正敏) 메이지가쿠인대학 교수(종교사), 그리스도교연구소 소장

대구 출생. 연세대학교 신과대학 및 대학원 수료, 일본 도시샤(同志社)대학 박사학위 취득. 연세대학교 신과대학 및 연합신학대학원 교회사 교수, 신과대학 부학장 역임. 일본 메이지가쿠인대학 초빙교수, 객원교수를 거쳐, 현재 정년보장 교수. 아시아종교사, 한일기독교사, 한일관계사 전공. 유학시절을 포함하여 10년 이상 일본에 체류하며, 아시아의 종교, 문화, 사회, 정치, 특히 한일관계를 연구하고 있다. 주요저서로는 『일본기독교의 한국인식』(한울, 2000), 『한국교회의 역사』(살림, 2003), 『제중원과 초기 한국기독교』(연세대학교 출판부, 2003), 『언더우드가 이야기』(살림, 2005), 『이동휘와 기독교』(연세대학교 출판부, 2007), 『한국가톨릭의 역사』(살림, 2015) 이외, 한국어와 일본어 저서 50여 권.