2021/03/13

Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things: Bennett, Jane: Amazon.com.au: Books

Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things: Bennett, Jane: Amazon.com.au: Books


Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things Paperback – 4 January 2010
by Jane Bennett  (Author)
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 In Vibrant Matter the political theorist Jane Bennett, renowned for her work on nature, ethics, and affect, shifts her focus from the human experience of things to things themselves. Bennett argues that political theory needs to do a better job of recognizing the active participation of nonhuman forces in events. Toward that end, she theorizes a “vital materiality” that runs through and across bodies, both human and nonhuman. Bennett explores how political analyses of public events might change were we to acknowledge that agency always emerges as the effect of ad hoc configurations of human and nonhuman forces. She suggests that recognizing that agency is distributed this way, and is not solely the province of humans, might spur the cultivation of a more responsible, ecologically sound politics: a politics less devoted to blaming and condemning individuals than to discerning the web of forces affecting situations and events.
Bennett examines the political and theoretical implications of vital materialism through extended discussions of commonplace things and physical phenomena including stem cells, fish oils, electricity, metal, and trash. She reflects on the vital power of material formations such as landfills, which generate lively streams of chemicals, and omega-3 fatty acids, which can transform brain chemistry and mood. Along the way, she engages with the concepts and claims of Spinoza, Nietzsche, Thoreau, Darwin, Adorno, and Deleuze, disclosing a long history of thinking about vibrant matter in Western philosophy, including attempts by Kant, Bergson, and the embryologist Hans Driesch to name the “vital force” inherent in material forms. Bennett concludes by sketching the contours of a “green materialist” ecophilosophy.

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Product details
Publisher : Duke University Press (4 January 2010)
Language : English
Paperback : 200 pages
ISBN-10 : 0822346338
ISBN-13 : 978-0822346333
Dimensions : 15.24 x 1.09 x 22.86 cm
Best Sellers Rank: 73,408 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
176 in Human Geography (Books)
442 in Environmental Geology
506 in Political Philosophy (Books)
Customer Reviews: 4.6 out of 5 stars    83 ratings
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Review
"Bennett's is one of those books where, on finishing, you want to begin immediately again to experience the excitement and élan vital of eloquent, simple ideas presented in clear, concise and considered prose, wherein the presence of a generous, kind and unpretentious author speaks straight into your understanding. Vibrant Matter is fresh, alert, quiet and potent, a door opening in a stuffy room to let the outside in, which lets it speak so as to embolden us to breathe differently. It will redraw the boundaries of political thought; it's already doing so. Read it."--Mark Jackson "Emotion, Space and Society"

"For the sake of assuaging harms already inflicted we have always cobbled together publics that deal with vibrant matters of floods, fires, earthquakes and so on. For the sake of preventing unseen future harms, Bennett's book argues that we need to take a closer look at how we are embedded in a web of mutual affect that knows no bounds between living and nonliving, human and nonhuman. It is in this refreshingly naïve 'no-holds-barred' approach that Bennett's work has much to offer for a reconsideration of our role as thinking, speaking humans in a cosmos of vibrant matter that we continually depoliticize even in our efforts to 'protect' and 'save' the earth . . . a highly recommended read."--Stefan Morales "M/C Reviews"

"Jane Bennett's Vibrant Matter is an admirable book for at least three reasons. First, it is wonderfully written in a comfortable personal style, which is rare enough for academic books. Second, Bennett makes an explicit break with the timeworn dogmas of postmodernist academia. . . . The third point
that makes this book admirable is Bennett's professional position: Chair of
Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. That someone in a Political
Science department at an important university could write as candid a work
of metaphysics as Vibrant Matter is an encouraging sign. Perhaps philosophical speculation on fundamental topics is poised for a comeback throughout the humanities. "--Graham Harman "New Formations"

"Jane Bennett's Vibrant Matter is an important work, linking critical movements in recent continental philosophy, namely a vitalist tradition that runs from Bergson to Deleuze and even, on Bennett's reading, to Bruno Latour, and (on the other hand) a 'political ecology of things' that should speak to anyone conscious enough to be aware of the devastating changes underway in the world around us. There is good reason Bennett's book has, in short order, gained a wide following in disparate areas of political theory and philosophy."--Peter Gratton "Philosophy in Review"

"Orienting us to re-encounter both nature and familiar objects as newly strange and pulsing with 'thing-power, ' Bennett challenges our worn assumptions concerning the hierarchy between humans and things, the workings of causality, and our deep cultural attachment to matter and nature as inanimate. . . . Her book is surprising, refreshing, and troubling."--Lori J. Marso "Political Theory"

"Vibrant Matter is a fascinating, lucid, and powerful book of political theory. By focusing on the 'thing-side of affect, ' Jane Bennett seeks to broaden and transform our sense of care in relation to the world of humans, non-human life, and things. She calls us to consider a 'parliament of things' in ways that provoke our democratic imaginations and interrupt our anthropocentric hubris."--Romand Coles, author of Beyond Gated Politics: Reflections for the Possibility of Democracy

"Vibrant Matter represents the fruits of sustained scholarship of the highest order. As environmental, technological, and biomedical concerns force themselves onto worldly political agendas, the urgency and potency of this analysis must surely inform any rethinking of what political theory is about in the twenty-first century."--Sarah Whatmore, coeditor of The Stuff of Politics: Technoscience, Democracy, and Public Life

"This manifesto for a new materialism is an invigorating breath of fresh air. Jane Bennett's eloquent tribute to the vitality and volatility of things is just what we need to revive the humanities and to redraw the parameters of political thought."--Rita Felski, author of Uses of Literature
From the Back Cover
"This manifesto for a new materialism is an invigorating breath of fresh air. Jane Bennett's eloquent tribute to the vitality and volatility of things is just what we need to revive the humanities and to redraw the parameters of political thought."--Rita Felski, author of "Uses of Literature "
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Jamie
5.0 out of 5 stars Essential reading for anyone who wants to truely understand the world we live in.
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 23 November 2015
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Essential reading for anyone working in modern philosophical, archaeological or historical thought who wishes to truely understand the nature of things and the ability apparently inanimate objects have to influence the world around them. This is one of the two texts anyone interested in object agency should read and is the go to book for place, identiry and collective agency at the moment. One of the most influential works of its generation and builds on the work of other great philosophers.

Do not be fooled by the word political, this is not a work on politics it is a work on the political nature of things, political theorists will be disapointed and should just move on as it does not deal with winning votes.
6 people found this helpful
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Susie J
5.0 out of 5 stars Vitality of matter
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 10 December 2019
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This book has transformed my work as an artist. Brilliant and interesting ideas which need to be heard in this age of ecological breakdown and human agency still trying to be located at the top of the pecking order.
One person found this helpful
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David Rietti
5.0 out of 5 stars Vibrant!
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 2 March 2016
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A must read! bennet is core study for those interested in our world and how it works!
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Katherine S
5.0 out of 5 stars I could not put this book down. It's cogent ...
Reviewed in Canada on 8 October 2015
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I could not put this book down. It's cogent, passionate and profoundly engaging. Anyone interested in material culture or affect theory should read this.
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animal lover
2.0 out of 5 stars Two Stars
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David Rietti
5.0 out of 5 stars Vibrant!
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 2 March 2016
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A must read! bennet is core study for those interested in our world and how it works!
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Katherine S
5.0 out of 5 stars I could not put this book down. It's cogent ...
Reviewed in Canada on 8 October 2015
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I could not put this book down. It's cogent, passionate and profoundly engaging. Anyone interested in material culture or affect theory should read this.
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animal lover
2.0 out of 5 stars Two Stars
Reviewed in Canada on 30 October 2015
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not that interesting.
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stuffwrangler
4.0 out of 5 stars Why matter matters
Reviewed in the United States on 20 June 2017
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This is an exceptionally well reasoned religious tract that defines and the argues for the importance and,then, the value of a worldview in which 1) all matter is accorded a kind of equivalent respect, from human beings to animals microbes plants and other living things, as well as inorganic/inanimate matter, include stone, sand , metals, down to their molecular structure and sub-atomic components. In essence she "fuses" the reductionist and its opposite holistic or emergent properties of matter 2) This respect arises from the agency that all matter and assemblages of matter possess 3) this worldview should drive a more comprehensive understanding and humble respect for the complex interrelationships between matter and it temporal/multidimensional property of existence. In the end--the last few lines of the book-- she observes (concedes?) that her ontology consists of a kind of "Nicene Creed for materialists, which is quite elegant, and well worth the effort required to plough through dense arguments laced with generous helping of Spinoza, Kant, Nietzsche, Foucault, Deleuze, their disciples and numerous proponents of new wave environmentalism.
7 people found this helpful
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RDD
4.0 out of 5 stars A Fascinating Exploration of Humanity's Relation to Things
Reviewed in the United States on 12 April 2017
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In Jane Bennett’s "Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things", she explores the role of inanimate bodies and how humans interact with them. "Vibrant Matter" serves as Bennett’s manifesto for the benefits of anthropomorphizing. Bennett writes, “I believe it is wrong to deny vitality to nonhuman bodies, forces, and forms, and that a careful course of anthropomorphization can help reveal that vitality, even though it resists full translation and exceeds my comprehensive grasp. I believe that encounters with lively matter can chasten my fantasies of human mastery, highlight the common materiality of all that is, expose a wider distribution of agency, and reshape the self and its interests” (pg. 122). To this end, Bennett uses various case studies to expand her readers’ understanding of what agency is and who or what is capable of possessing and using agency. Some of these agents include worms, the electrical grid, and accumulations of detritus in a storm drain. Bennett writes with the goal of shaping consciousness in order to expand humanity’s understanding of its place in the world. She writes, “My hunch is that the image of dead or thoroughly instrumentalized matter feeds human hubris and our earth-destroying fantasies of conquest and consumption” (pg. ix).
Bennett examines the historical debate over a mechanistic or essential arrangement of life. Describing the situating of a basic essence in each subject, Bennett writes, “While I agree that human affect is a key player, in this book the focus is on an affect that is not only not fully susceptible to rational analysis or linguistic representation but that is also not specific to humans, organisms, or even to bodies: the affect of technologies, winds, vegetables, minerals” (pg. 61). She writes of these philosophers’ work, “Something always escaped quantification, prediction, and control. They named that something <i>élan vital</i>” (pg. 63). According to Bennett, Driesch’s goal “was not simply to gain a more subtle understanding of the dynamic chemical and physical properties of the organism but also to better discern what <i>animated</i> the machine” (pg. 71). This recalls the words Master Yoda spoke to Luke Skywalker on Dagobah, “For my ally is the Force, and a powerful ally it is. Life creates it, makes it grow. Its energy surrounds us and binds us. Luminous beings are we, not this crude matter. You must feel the Force around you; here, between you, me, the tree, the rock, everywhere, yes.” In sum, Bennett’s manifesto demonstrates the importance of resituating humanity’s place in the world by placing humanity within the world rather than outside of it.
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Josh Nieubuurt
5.0 out of 5 stars Vibrant enlightening work
Reviewed in the United States on 5 November 2020
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This text illuminates vital materialism reconfiguring the world as coffee and milk: an interaction bridged together in a delicious mish mash of human and non-human variants so fundamentally intertwined that it is nearly impossible to rethink of the world as a place of only humans as thing of agency. Truly a mind blowing dense work of scholarship
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vera long
5.0 out of 5 stars brilliant & eloquent
Reviewed in the United States on 21 January 2021
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Incredible..this is the best written book I’ve e Rt read...and I have read quite a few. brilliant
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G.E.
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent. Part of the New Materialism's must haves for serious researchers
Reviewed in the United States on 9 May 2015
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Uses Karen Barad's theory of Agential Realism. Thoughtful research.
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EtienneS
5.0 out of 5 stars An important read--and fun to think through
Reviewed in the United States on 11 July 2015
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I think this book--maybe more than any other--set the bar for the new work on vitalist materialism and object oriented ontology. It is not necessarily the most integrative book you will read on vital matter. It drifts around and some of the author's commitments are only sketched out and then--later--loosely realized, or just generally affirmed. But her overall claims and direct approach kept coming back to me. I've used this book in an advanced seminar and the students took to it more quickly than I did. I think it set the tone for work that was to come. An important read--and fun to think through.
5 people found this helpful
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Jeremy Viny
5.0 out of 5 stars Wonderful book!
Reviewed in the United States on 8 September 2018
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Bennett has a wonderful mind.
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mlynnsmiley
5.0 out of 5 stars Amazing
Reviewed in the United States on 30 April 2014
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Such a wonderful book. Jane Bennett has changed my views on "things" in a most profound way that has affected both my scholarship and my personal attitude toward the world of materials.
4 people found this helpful
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Michelle Rose
4.0 out of 5 stars A little fuzzy. I think Thomas Rickert laid it ...
Reviewed in the United States on 23 December 2017
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A little fuzzy. I think Thomas Rickert laid it out a bit more eloquently, but she's certainly painstaking in her logic. I don't think she took it far enough, though. Or maybe in the wrong direction. Individual bodies are ecologies, too, and they negotiate with other ecologies all the time. THAT'S the rhetorical battlefield. The trick is to keep it from turning into WWIII.
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Christopher Schaberg
5.0 out of 5 stars a fantastic book to think with
Reviewed in the United States on 12 June 2011
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I recently taught Jane Bennett's book "Vibrant Matter" in a class on Environmental Theory, and I found it intriguing, challenging, and completely rewarding. My students really seemed to enjoy grappling with Bennett's concepts and the way she weaves a variety of texts and examples together throughout the chapters. Even when Bennett's questions are left unanswered, this is a productive tactic: many of my students took up her open-ended questions in their papers, extending her observations and complex formulations and applying them to local matters. Bennett's book worked very well alongside Timothy Morton's book "The Ecological Thought," Jennifer Price's book "Flight Maps," Arun Agrawal's book "Environmentality," Kathleen Stewart's "Ordinary Affects," and Donna Haraway's book "When Species Meet" (among a few other shorter texts that we read in between these). While definitely demanding at times, the narrative of "Vibrant Matter" is so articulated and strong that the book stands out as a philosophical/theoretical *story*, of sorts. (This was another aspect of the book that made it very teachable.) Bennett's book is speculative and picaresque, but absolutely rigorous and totally genuine. "Vibrant Matter" may frustrate readers looking for step-by-step instructions for a 'political ecology' -- but if readers want a fantastic book to think with, a book that piques philosophical imagination and merges it with ecology, then "Vibrant Matter" is it.
52 people found this helpful
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Brian Kumm
5.0 out of 5 stars I like this book
Reviewed in the United States on 24 October 2015
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I like this book. It's not perfect or the most earthshaking book, but it's thoughtful and well composed. Really a lovely work. Recommend!
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Roger Todd Whitson
5.0 out of 5 stars One of the best philosophical books I've read in the past ten years.
Reviewed in the United States on 7 May 2012
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I don't agree with everything that Bennett says, but I do believe that Vibrant Matter encapsulates some of the most important (and most practical) applications of the object-oriented movement to date. Her discussion of the politics of the 2003 blackout, for instance, truly shows why thinking about matter as having agency matters. It's all-too-easy to try to locate fault within the consciousness of (usually one) person. Bennett shows us how metal, worms, and other seemingly non-human things effect our everyday lives. This is a vital book for the future of philosophy and political theory.
7 people found this helpful
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Cristobal C.
2.0 out of 5 stars Falls short.
Reviewed in the United States on 26 February 2013
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The book arises from an interesting premise, that of reformulating the claims of vitalism in a new light as a political project. But that's about as far as it gets: The human component is completely absent in the book, and eventually the project consists in learning to address the "demands" of object assemblages by developing "new methods of perception". I am sorry to say that this sounds like using things as mere sensors for the well being of humans. Ultimately I found the book to be full of flaws and unable (except on a nice chapter on metals) to affecting me or the classmates that read it in an emotional or political level.
5 people found this helpful
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Fred Seigneur
3.0 out of 5 stars Not a great read!
Reviewed in the United States on 15 January 2018
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Not a great read! The author babbles along page after page.
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Reviewer
1.0 out of 5 stars A terrible book in my opinion
Reviewed in the United States on 17 January 2016
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I bought this book to held write the theory chapter of my PhD thesis, which looks at material vs ideational factors and their effects on agency. I wish I could get a refund. At times I did not know whether I was reading a novel, or a textbook, whether I was reading a work of fiction or non-fiction. The book refuses to get to the point, and I am still left not knowing exactly what the author is trying to get at. A terrible book in my opinion.
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알라딘: 지구사의 도전 - 어떻게 유럽중심주의를 넘어설 것인가 | 조지형,김용우

알라딘: 지구사의 도전

지구사의 도전 - 어떻게 유럽중심주의를 넘어설 것인가  | 지구사 연구소 총서 3  
조지형,김용우 (엮은이)서해문집2010-09-25
---
기본정보432쪽

책소개

유럽중심주의에 대한 비판과 극복이 세계질서의 중심이 변하는 것만으로 또는 역사가의 역사인식이 변하는 것만으로 해결되지 않는다는 문제의식에서 출발한 책이다. 근대성과 식민성으로 왜곡된 세계현실과 역사인식이 모두 변함에 따라 유럽중심주의를 대체할 새로운 언어와 논리구조, 역사관을 개발해야 한다는 사명 아래 이뤄진 '지구사global history'를 이야기한다.

기존 유럽중심주의 세계사에 '지구사'로 도전장을 내민 국내외 석학들의 연구성과를 한데 모았다. 특히 이름만으로도 큰 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 세계적 석학들이 참여했다. 거대사를 창시한 지구사 분야 최고의 석학 데이비드 크리스천, 미국 세계사학회 창립멤버인 제리 벤틀리, 포스트식민주의 분야 대표 학자 아리프 딜릭 등이다.

지구사는 어떻게 유럽중심주의를 넘어설 것인가? 이 책은 다양한 방식으로 이 질문을 제기하고 해답을 구한다. 제1부는 사학사적 관점에서 연구경향과 성과를 검토함으로써 유럽중심주의에 대한 도전과 이를 통한 극복 가능성 문제를 검토한다. 2부에서는 구체적 연구사례를 통해 지구사가 유럽중심주의를 어떻게 극복하고 있는지를 보여준다. 마지막으로, 3부에서는 시간적으로 보다 긴 안목으로, 공간적으로 보다 넓은 시각으로 유럽중심주의 극복 문제를 성찰할 것을 촉구한다.
----
목차
감사의 글
들어가는 글: 유럽중심주의를 넘어 지구사로 / 조지형

제1부 사학사적 검토, 비판 그리고 쟁점
동아시아의 유럽중심적 역사관의 극복 / 임상우
지구사의 미래와 역사의 재개념화 / 조지형
다양한 유럽중심의 역사와 해결책들 / 제리 벤틀리
탈중심화하기: 세계들과 역사들 / 아리프 딜릭
집단중심주의를 넘어 보편사로: 문제와 도전 / 외른 뤼젠

제2부 새로운 역사서술과 가능성
지구사를 위한 ‘보편’의 모색 / 김용우
유럽중심주의 논쟁과 세계화 시대의 새로운 역사인식 / 조승래
지구사 접근방법과 “문명화 사명” 문제 / 위르겐 오스터함멜
한말 세계사 저?역술서에 나타난 세계 인식 / 백옥경

제3부 지구사의 관점과 시선: 보다 길고 보다 넓게
새로운 상상의 공동체: 종족사에서 인류사로 / 데이비드 크리스천
역사의 기후: 네 가지 테제 / 디페시 차크라바르티

주석
원전출처
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저자 및 역자소개
조지형 (엮은이) 

2013년 현 이화여자대학교 사학과 교수. 이화여자대학교 지구사연구소장, 아시아세계사학회(AAWH) 회장, 한국거대사연구회장이다. 미국 헌법의 인신보호영장 조항에 관한 논문으로 역사학 박사학위를 받았다. 주로 미국 헌법, 미국 연방 대법원 판례, 지구사(global history), 거대사(big history) 등을 연구하고 있다. 법제처 자문위원 등으로 활동한 바 있으며, 한국미국사학회 총무이사, 한국아메리카학회 연구이사, 이화여자대학교 연구처장 등을 역임했다. 저서로는 『헌법에 비친 역사』, 『랑케&카: 역사의 진실을 찾아서』, 『지구사의 도전』(공저), 『지구화 시대의 새로운 세계사』(공저), 『미국인의 사상과 문화』(번역), 『왜 유럽인가』(공역) 등 다수가 있다. 접기
최근작 : <빅 히스토리 15 : 세계는 어떻게 연결되었을까?>,<미국헌법의 탄생>,<사법권의 독립> … 총 24종 (모두보기)
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김용우 (엮은이) 

이화여자대학교 지구사연구소 연구교수. 현 문화사학회 편집위원 및 이민인종연구회 운영위원. 대표적인 연구로는 《호모 파시스투스: 프랑스 파시즘과 반혁명의 문화혁명》, 《대중독재》 등이 있다.
최근작 : <지구사의 도전>,<대중독재 3>,<대중독재 2> … 총 7종 (모두보기)
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출판사 제공 책소개


《지구사의 도전》은 유럽중심주의에 대한 비판과 극복이 세계질서의 중심이 변하는 것만으로 또는 역사가의 역사인식이 변하는 것만으로 해결되지 않는다는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 또 근대성과 식민성으로 왜곡된 세계현실과 역사인식이 모두 변함에 따라 유럽중심주의를 대체할 새로운 언어와 논리구조, 역사관을 개발해야 한다는 사명 아래 이뤄진 지구사global history를 이야기한다.

유럽중심주의를 넘어 지구사로!

지금까지 세계사는 유럽중심주의에 갇혀 있었다. 유럽중심주의는 유럽인들만의 역사사유방식이 아니라 근대세계를 구축한 시각인 동시에 담론이며, 자본주의 체제와 밀접하게 관계를 가지면서 식민지와 전 세계에 구조적으로 강요된 출세와 부국강병의 담론이자 지식체계다. 세계질서의 중심 이동 또는 역사가의 역사인식 변화만으로 유럽중심주의를 비판하거나 극복할 수는 없다. 역사연구에서 유럽중심주의를 대체할 새로운 시각이 필요하다. 이에 새로운 세계사 혹은 ‘지구사global history’가 혁명적 역할을 담당할 수 있다. 이 책에선 기존 유럽중심주의 세계사에 ‘지구사’로 도전장을 내민 국내외 석학들의 연구성과를 한데 모았다.
특히 이름만으로도 큰 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 세계적 석학들이 참여했다. 거대사를 창시한 지구사 분야 최고의 석학 데이비드 크리스천David Christian 그리고 1990년 창간호부터《세계사 저널》의 편집장을 맡고 있으며 미국 세계사학회 창립멤버인 제리 벤틀리Jerry H. Bentley, 모더니티 연구의 대표자로서 포스트식민주의 분야 대표 학자 아리프 딜릭Arif Dirlik과 ‘서발턴 연구’에서 특별한 위치를 차지하고 있는 디페시 차크라바르티Dipesh Chakrabarty, ‘역사이론’ 분야의 대표적 학자인 외른 뤼젠J?rn R?sen, 독일 세계사 연구의 대표주자인 위르겐 오스터함멜J?rgen Osterhammel 등이다. 이들은 이 책에서 각기 자신의 분야에서 최고의 자리에 있으면서, ‘지구사의 도전’이라는 한 주제 아래 나름의 연구성과로 빛을 발하고 있다.


유럽중심주의에 대한 사학사적 검토, 비판 그리고 쟁점을 논하다
지구사는 어떻게 유럽중심주의를 넘어설 것인가? 이 책은 다양한 방식으로 이 질문을 제기하고 해답을 구한다.
제1부는 사학사적 관점에서 연구경향과 성과를 검토함으로써 유럽중심주의에 대한 도전과 이를 통한 극복 가능성 문제를 검토한다. “동아시아의 유럽중심적 역사관의 극복”(제1장)에서 임상우가 유럽중심주의를 정의하면서 동아시아 역사학계의 수용과 내재화 문제를 중심으로 성찰한다면, “유럽중심주의의 극복과 역사의 재개념화”(제2장)에서 조지형은 새로운 세계사 혹은 지구사 분야의 제도적 발전과 연구방법을 중심으로 유럽중심주의를 비판한다. 또 제리 벤틀리는 “다양한 유럽중심의 역사와 해결책들”(제3장)을 통해 최근의 지역연구와 지구사 연구성과를 긍정적으로 평가하는 반면, 아리프 딜릭은 “탈중심화하기: 세계들과 역사들”(제4장)에서 지구사 연구성과로 두드러진 쟁점이 무엇인가를 설명한다. 또 “집단중심주의를 넘어 보편사로: 문제와 도전”(제5장)에서 외른 뤼젠은 유럽중심주의를 더 넓은 중심주의, 집단중심주의ethnocentrism라는 맥락 안에 놓고 성찰한다.


새로운 역사서술과 가능성을 꿈꾸다
제2부에서는 구체적 연구사례를 통해 지구사가 유럽중심주의를 어떻게 극복하고 있는지를 보여준다. 김용우가 “지구사를 위한 ‘보편’의 모색”(제6장)에서 극복 가능성을 검토한다면, “유럽중심주의 논쟁과 세계화 시대의 새로운 역사인식”(제7장)를 통해 조승래는 퍼시피시즘Pacificism을 극복한 문화인류학자 그렉 드닝Greg Dening의 연구에서 가능성을 높이 평가하고 있으며, 위르겐 오스터함멜은 “지구사와 ‘문명화 사명’의 문제”(제8장)에서 전 지구적 지성사의 가능성을 타진한다. 또한 백옥경은 19세기~20세기의 전환기에 구성하기 시작한 한국의 세계사 인식을 살펴 “한말 세계사 저?역술서에 나타난 세계 인식”에서 유럽중심주의를 극복할 수 있는 대안적 세계사 인식의 가능성을 도출하고자 한다. 이들은 새로운 접근방법, 새로운 연구주제, 새로운 역사서술방식 등에서 유럽중심주의를 극복할 가능성이 있다고 판단하고 있다.


더 길고 더 넓게 지구사의 시선을 바꾸다
제3부에서는 시간적으로 보다 긴 안목으로, 공간적으로 보다 넓은 시각으로 유럽중심주의 극복 문제를 성찰할 것을 촉구한다. 데이비드 크리스천은 “새로운 상상의 공동체: 종족사에서 인류사로”(제10장)에서 역사시간을 근대뿐 아니라 천 년, 만 년으로까지 연구대상 시간을 확장하면서 성찰하는데 반해, “역사의 기후: 네 가지 테제”(제11장)에서 디페시 차크라바르티는 인류가 지질적 행위자로서 인류세를 만들어나갔다는 사실에 초점을 두고 기후와 자연을 역사범주에 포함시키고자 한다. 이들은 유럽인을 인간의 전형典型으로 상정하는 유럽중심주의와 전통적인 역사학의 공범관계를 문제시하고 자연과 인간, 무생물과 생물, 우주와 인간 등의 상호의존관계에 대한 심층적인 연구가 필요하다는 문제의식에서 출발한다.


자기성찰의 지구사를 위해
유럽중심주의를 극복하는 것은 역사학뿐 아니라 다른 학문 분야와도 깊게 관련된다. 단순히 민족국가 또는 유럽을 중심으로 생각하는 습관을 뛰어넘는 것만으로는 부족하다. 동아시아, 아시아, 아프로-유라시아, 지구와 같이 보다 넓은 지역을 기준 틀로 , 다양한 기준에 따른 시대구분으로 중장기적 흐름과 역사적 의미를 살펴야 한다.
사실, 이 책은 이런 난해한 모험을 시도한다. 유럽중심주의가 하루만에 만들어지지 않은 것처럼, 이를 극복하는 작업도 하루만에 되지 않는다. 이 작업은 당연히 오랜 세월이 소요될 것이며, 역사가는 단지 그 과정 속에서 기존 역사가 가진 한계와 역사가가 가진 상상력의 한계를 뛰어넘으려 노력해야 한다. 여기에 지구사를 연구하는 주된 목적과 이 책이 가진 의미가 있다.
지구사를 통해 인류역사를 바라보는 것은 불행히도 우리에게 스며든 유럽중심주의 때문에, 역사가가 자신을 망각한 채 스스로 유럽중심주의의 십자군이 되어 인류역사의 지구적 맥락을 거부하며 유럽의 보편적 우월성을 확대재생산하는 경우도 자주 볼 수 있다. 심지어는 유럽인보다 더 유럽중심적인 주장과 논리를 세우는 경우도 심심치 않게 있다. 현재의 글로벌 헤게모니와 지식권력에 굴하거나 타협하지 않고 우리가 먼저 스스로 지치지 않는 자기성찰을 계속 경주해야 한다. 이를 통해 유럽중심주의에 갇힌 세계사를 넘어 지구사로 나아갈 수 있다.

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저자 소개

* 조지형
이화여자대학교 사학과 교수. 한국미국사학회 총무이사 역임. 현 이화여대 지구사연구소장, 아시아세계사학회(AAWH) 사무총장. 대표적인 연구로는 《지구화 시대의 새로운 세계사》, 《랑케&카: 역사의 진실을 찾아서》 등이 있다.

* 임상우
서강대학교 사학과 교수. 현 서강대 국제지역문화원 원장 및 한국사학사회장. 대표적인 연구로는 《막스베버 연구: 역사와 정치》, 《21세기 역사학 길잡이》 등이 있다.

* 제리 벤틀리Jerry H. Bentley
하와이대학교(University of Hawai`i) 사학과 교수. 현 세계사저널(Journal of World History) 편집위원장. 대표적인 연구로는 《전통과 만남Traditions and Encounters》, 《고대 세계의 만남: 교류사로 읽는 문명 이야기Old World Encounters》 등이 있다.

* 아리프 딜릭Arif Dirlik
역사저술가. 미국 듀크대학교(Duke University) 사학과 교수, 오레곤대학교 사학과 및 인류학 나이트 석좌교수(Knight Professor) 역임. 대표적인 연구로는 《전 지구적 자본주의에 눈뜨기After the Revolution》, 《포스트모더니티의 역사들Postmodernity’s Histories: The Past As Legacy and Project》 등이 있다.

* 위른 뤼젠J?rn R?sen
독일 에센 문화과학연구소 시니어 펠로우(senior fellow). 에센 문화과학연구소(Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut) 소장 역임. 대표적인 연구로는 《문화과정의 역사Geschichte im Kulturprozeß》, 《역사에서의 의미와 재현Meaning and Representation in History》 등이 있다.

* 김용우
이화여자대학교 지구사연구소 연구교수. 현 문화사학회 편집위원 및 이민인종연구회 운영위원. 대표적인 연구로는 《호모 파시스투스: 프랑스 파시즘과 반혁명의 문화혁명》, 《대중독재》 등이 있다.

* 조승래
청주대학교 역사문화학과 교수. 한국서양사학회장, 문화사학회장, 호서사학회장 역임. 대표적인 연구로는 《공화국을 위하여: 공화주의의 형성과정과 핵심사상 》, 《쿠엔틴 스키너의 자유주의 이전의 자유》 등이 있다.

* 위르겐 오스터함멜J?rgen Osterhammel
독일 콘스탄츠대학교(University of Konstanz) 사학과 교수. 대표적인 연구로는 《지구화: 간단한 역사Globalization: A Short History》, 《식민주의: 이론적 개관Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview》 등이 있다.

* 백옥경
이화여자대학교 사학과 교수. 한국여성사학회 총무이사, 한국사상사학회 총무이사 역임. 현 이화여대 이화사학연구소장. 대표적인 연구로는 《한국사회사상사》, 《조선전기 역관연구》 등이 있다.

* 데이비드 크리스천David Christian
호주 맥콰리대학교(University of Macquarie) 사학과 교수, 이화여자대학교 지구사연구소 WCU 석좌교수. 현 호주 왕립학술원 회원, 네덜란드 왕립학술원 명예회원. 대표적인 연구로는 《시간의 지도: 거대사 개론Maps of Time: Introduction to Big History》, 《거대사: 세계사의 새로운 대안This Fleeting World: A Short History of Humanity》 등이 있다.

* 디페시 차크라바르티Dipesh Chakrabarty
미국 시카고대학교 사학과 로렌스 킴톤 석좌교수(Lawrence A. Kimpton Distinguished Service Professor). 대표적인 연구로는 《유럽을 변방화하기Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference》, 《노동계급사 재고찰: 벵갈Rethinking Working-Class History: Bengal 1890-1940》 등이 있다. 접기
---
구매자 (1)
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공감순 
     
유럽중심주의를 넘어설 수 있는 가능성의 단초들을 제공하는 지구사. 다만 좀더 그림이 그려지길 희망함.  구매
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Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy: Saito, Kohei: 9781583676400: Amazon.com: Books

Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy: Saito, Kohei: 9781583676400: Amazon.com: Books



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Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy Paperback – October 24, 2017
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 Reveals the ideal of a sustainable ecosocialist world in Marx’s writings

Karl Marx, author of what is perhaps the world’s most resounding and significant critique of bourgeois political economy, has frequently been described as a “Promethean.” According to critics, Marx held an inherent belief in the necessity of humans to dominate the natural world, in order to end material want and create a new world of fulfillment and abundance—a world where nature is mastered, not by anarchic capitalism, but by a planned socialist economy. Understandably, this perspective has come under sharp attack, not only from mainstream environmentalists but also from ecosocialists, many of whom reject Marx outright.

Kohei Saito’s Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism lays waste to accusations of Marx’s ecological shortcomings. Delving into Karl Marx’s central works, as well as his natural scientific notebooks—published only recently and still being translated—Saito also builds on the works of scholars such as John Bellamy Foster and Paul Burkett, to argue that Karl Marx actually saw the environmental crisis embedded in capitalism. “It is not possible to comprehend the full scope of [Marx’s] critique of political economy,” Saito writes, “if one ignores its ecological dimension.”

Saito’s book is crucial today, as we face unprecedented ecological catastrophes—crises that cannot be adequately addressed without a sound theoretical framework. Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism shows us that Marx has given us more than we once thought, that we can now come closer to finishing Marx’s critique, and to building a sustainable ecosocialist world.
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About the Author
Kohei Saito received his PhD from Humboldt University in Berlin. He is currently a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow and visiting scholar at the University of California Santa Barbara.
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Publisher : Monthly Review Press (October 24, 2017)
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Ron M.
4.0 out of 5 stars A Deep Dive Into Marx's Notebooks
Reviewed in the United States on March 3, 2020
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If you haven't cracked open a book on Karl Marx or Friedrich Engels since you were in college, this is as good a place to start as any. There's been a cottage industry in secondary works devoted to scrutinizing Marx's extensive and largely unpublished notebooks, a running compendium of his thoughts and pet theories. Author Kohei Saito mines them for any indications of what the father of socialism might have written on the subject of Nature and capital's relationship to it. Unsurprisingly, it is as manipulative and exploitive of it as it is of Labor. The reader's joy derives from seeing how Saito, who personally translated this English version of the original published in German, threads the needle from Das Kapital to Feuerbach and beyond.
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Alain Vezina
5.0 out of 5 stars L'écologisme de Marx enfin rendu indiscutable. La rupture métabolique ...
Reviewed in Canada on February 25, 2018
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L'écologisme de Marx enfin rendu indiscutable. La rupture métabolique d'avec la nature apparaît clairement comme une redoutable promesse du capitalisme, identifiée par Marx il y a plus de 150 ans. S'il avait vécu de nos jours, Marx se soucierait de promouvoir la permaculture et le biorégionalisme. Une longue et intéressante discussion de l'évolution de l'agronomie, telle qu'il l'a étudiée sur plus de 15 ans, occupe la partie centrale du livre. Ce livre devrait être perçu comme une lecture indispensable chez tous ceux qui viennent aux études environnementales selon une trajectoire intellectuelle ou académique dominée par les sciences naturelles.
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Santiago Andrade
5.0 out of 5 stars Masterful!
Reviewed in Brazil on November 9, 2017
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Kohei Saito's work is of fundamental importance for deepening the understanding of the ecological dimension of Marx's thought. With this work, the author is part of a consolidated bibliographic tradition and captained by names such as Paul Burkett, John B. Foster, Ian Angus and Fred Magdoff, among others. Saito offers an indispensable perspective on the unfinished construction of the criticism of Marx's political economy, pointing to the main contradiction of capitalism: the disruption of the metabolic exchange between man and nature.
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Jürgen Rahlmeyer
5.0 out of 5 stars Ökosozialismus
Reviewed in Germany on April 11, 2020
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Danke! Gern wieder! Ist auch auf Deutsch erschienen!
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Karl Marx's Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy
by Kohei Saito
 4.31  ·   Rating details ·  35 ratings  ·  6 reviews
Reveals the ideal of a sustainable ecosocialist world in Marx's writings

Karl Marx, author of what is perhaps the world's most resounding and significant critique of bourgeois political economy, has frequently been described as a "Promethean." According to critics, Marx held an inherent belief in the necessity of humans to dominate the natural world, in order to end material want and create a new world of fulfillment and abundance--a world where nature is mastered, not by anarchic capitalism, but by a planned socialist economy. Understandably, this perspective has come under sharp attack, not only from mainstream environmentalists but also from ecosocialists, many of whom reject Marx outright.

Kohei Saito's Karl Marx's Ecosocialism lays waste to accusations of Marx's ecological shortcomings. Delving into Karl Marx's central works, as well as his natural scientific notebooks--published only recently and still being translated--Saito also builds on the works of scholars such as John Bellamy Foster and Paul Burkett, to argue that Karl Marx actually saw the environmental crisis embedded in capitalism. "It is not possible to comprehend the full scope of [Marx's] critique of political economy," Saito writes, "if one ignores its ecological dimension."

Saito's book is crucial today, as we face unprecedented ecological catastrophes--crises that cannot be adequately addressed without a sound theoretical framework. Karl Marx's Ecosocialism shows us that Marx has given us more than we once thought, that we can now come closer to finishing Marx's critique, and to building a sustainable ecosocialist world. (less)
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Rhys
Jul 10, 2019Rhys rated it really liked it
A very interesting and well written book on the historical material condition in Marx's thought, and it is an important addition to the emerging ecosocialist movement.

"Recently, some ecosocialists, in contrast to Marx, have come to stress the 'monistic synthesis' of society and nature: “Not the separation from, but the terms of humanity’s place within nature, is crucial to understanding the conditions of capitalist renewal (if any) and crisis.” However, this understanding overlooks Marx’s original insight that the constitutive condition of the capitalist regime is the separation of humans from nature. The unity of humanity and nature exists transhistorically from an abstract general perspective, in that human labor not only always modifies nature, but is also a part of nature and conditioned by it. What Marx’s analysis shows is the historical deformation of the relationship between humans and nature in modern capitalist society, which is based on the alienation of nature. Marx investigates, as the primary task of his political economy, how this material condition of social production is transformed and deformed under capitalistically constituted social relations" (p.258).

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Naeem
Apr 15, 2019Naeem rated it it was amazing
Review of Kohei Saito’s Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism: Capitalism, Nature and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy

Saito shows that capitalism is the fount of our ecological problems. That therefore ecological problems are best understood through Marx’s framework. He wishes to overcome the stereotype held by many ecologists who see Marx as a naïve Promethean – as someone who believes that humans can overcome all natural limits. He builds on the work of John Bellamy Foster and Paul Burkett whose books revive the overlap between ecological concerns and Marxism. But Saito claims to go further by showing how ecological concerns are essential for Marx’s critique of political economy, his critique of capitalism, and his vision of the future.

The point for Saito is to show how ecology and Marxism are indispensable to each other:

"I will demonstrate that Marx’s ecological critique possesses a systematic character and constitutes an essential moment within the totality of his project of Capital. Ecology does not simply exist in Marx’s thought—my thesis is a stronger one. I maintain that it not possible to comprehend the full scope of his critique of political economy if one ignores its ecological dimension.” [I read this in a format that makes page numbers variable, so no page numbers, sorry.]

I found Saito’s analysis compelling and submitted totally to the details of his analysis. He re-reads notebooks written in the later parts of Marx’s life and shows that Marx’s Promethean optimism was supplanted by his extensive exploration of the natural sciences in order to show how capital accumulation is limited by nature itself. The book is clearly written and well argued. It also illuminates elements well beyond Saito’s explicit themes, for example: Marx’s takes on alienation, religion, value, technological development, and socialism/communism.

I find Saito convincing in the same way I find Foster’s and Burkett’s books compelling. The relationship between humans and nature is foundational for Marx’s entire corpus. Indeed, implicitly or explicitly, every philosophy has to come to terms with this relationship. It is just that Hegel and Marx are explicit with their takes on this relationship.

My problems concern Saito’s willingness, indeed his eagerness to remove the Hegelian elements in Marx’s work. My critique of Saito amounts to one claim: he underplays Marx’s commitments to showing the positive side of capitalism. Saito himself quotes Marx as wishing to show, “the great civilizing influence of capitalism.” And, yet this influence is downplayed by Saito in order to turn Marx into a figure made ready for contemporary popular needs.

If, as I suspect, Saito hides Marx’s Prometheanism, I wonder what might count as a defense of Prometheanism. I aim to provide one below.

Saito wants to analogized how capital treats labor with how capital treats nature. On the face of it, there is perhaps no problem here: both are subjected to the logic of profit making and capital accumulation; both are made subservient to the principle of quid pro quo; both are treated as “fictional commodities” – to use Polanyi’s language.

Saito claims that nature “suffers” just like workers suffer. And, that as the necro-economics of capitalism create a kind of death for laborers, so also capitalism kills nature. I don’t think this analogy holds. We can ascertain human suffering by speaking directly with humans. Not so for nature; nature never tells us anything directly. Any understanding of nature’s suffering requires humans speaking for nature – a speaking which cannot be separated from particular human politics.

The second problem with this analogy is that while humans can die, we can even extinguish our own species (and many more besides). But this is not true for nature -- it cannot die. We can change nature, we can transform it, but we cannot kill it. Not only does this claim violate the first law of thermodynamics (not necessarily a problem for me since I don’t believe in the second law), it also misunderstands the enormity of nature relative to the human. If Saito means that humans can transform the planet so that it is no longer inhabitable by humans or even by all animal species then this is what he should say. The “death of the planet” is only a death for a limited part of nature, not for nature itself.

The question we can ask is why Saito is unable to say this. Why insist on the analogy between labor’s death and nature’s death? This loose use of language either betrays his otherwise tight argument. Or, it betrays his anxiously tight grip on making sure that a Marxian analysis does not slip towards Hegelian ideas.

How so? I will come to that. But first a third problem.

Saito admits that humans differ from other animals because their interaction with nature is self-conscious. Human interaction with nature is called “labor”:

“Marx argues that human beings are decisively different from other animals due to their unique productive activity, that is, labor. Labor enables a “conscious” and “purposive” interaction with the external sensuous world…”

“…it is only humans who are able to change their purposeful interaction with nature in the process of natural and social metabolism.”

Labor allows nature to be, as Saito says, “linked to itself;” and therefore labor humanizes nature. The following logic rests behind these claims, a logic that Saito implies but is uneager to expose:

Nature creates many species; nature creates the human species; nature creates the species that performs labor; labor allows nature to be “linked to itself”; and, labor “humanizes nature.” Therefore, nature creates a species whose purpose to transform and humanize nature.

Another way to say this is as follows: the teleology of nature and humans is bound together. Nature produces the species whose purpose it is to transform nature. Therefore, nature’s purpose is to transform itself via humans. Capitalism act as the dynamic force that brings this change into its hyperactive phase and most productive phase.

All this is implicit and often explicit in both Hegel and in Marx. Saito cannot make too much of this because, stated as such, there is no negative charge to capitalism’s transformation of nature.

Indeed, that charge can be read as positive in the following way: “Capitalism is the means by which nature transforms itself via human institutions. This transformation changes nature from being a brute fact which cannot be accounted for or known thoroughly into something that results from the aesthetic designs of humans. Humans can know nature because they have re-created it.”

It can also be read neutrally: “Capitalism is the means that nature uses to transform itself. However, we do not yet know if human design will change nature for the better or for the worse.”

It is this positive or neutral charge that Saito has to disavow if he is to keep faith with what he thinks of as Marx’s critique political economy. The positive or neutral relationship between capitalism and nature would, thinks Saito, go against Marx’s spirit, and certainly against the mainstream of ecological thinkers (except those taking an explicitly Hegelian line, such as James Lovelock, Frederick Turner, or Murry Bookchin).

For me, much depends on the temporal span within which we make these arguments. If the temporal span is long or infinite then Marx’s Promethean commitments come to full view. Marx rightly rages against the arguments for scarcity provided by Malthus and Ricardo. He understands that scarcity is created not by nature but by society, specifically by the commitment to hierarchy. It is hierarchy that creates scarcity. Displacing the construction of hierarchy to nature makes hierarchy eternal.

There is no denying these elements of Marx as they are a valuable part of his heritage. To his credit Saito highlights these parts of his work. Nevertheless, the grounding of scarcity in society presents a danger; it can make Marx seem a Promethean. Here Saito shows his trump card: those who would do so have to explain why Marx spent so much of his energies trying to find the limits of capital in nature in the later part of his life – the parts of Marx’s life that Saito examines so carefully.

Here I think my explanation of temporal span adds to Saito’s. Suppose we say that Marx worked within three temporal horizons. The first I have mentioned, the infinite abstract theoretical space of logic. Here, scarcity is created by social hierarchy the solution to which is the infinite abundance of human creativity. But Marx can be read to consider two other temporal spans. At first, he seemed to believe that the collapse of capitalism was imminent. When the revolutions around 1848 did not produce the kind of changes he anticipated, he pushed back his idea of how long it might take for capitalism to collapse. It was perhaps this search of this middle range temporal collapse that motivated his search for locating the natural limits of industrial agriculture via the study of the natural science, especially organic chemistry.

My explanation keeps intact, the Hegelian influences in Marx’s thought – especially the rejection of scarcity as nature-given (in the long run) while also explaining Marx’s commitment to a search for the limits of capitalism in nature (in the medium run).

One can have it both ways: Marx the Hegelian with a teleological view of human and natural history which validates human creativity and undermines the convenient assumption of natural scarcity. With Marx the profound critic of capitalism whose political economy and ecology are one.

Saito brings out the logical simultaneity of Marx’s ecology and his political economy. This is his gift to us. But to the degree that Saito feels it necessary to hide Marx’s Hegelian, teleological, and aesthetic themes, the cost of highlight Marx the ecologist is a loss of faith and confidence in Marx’s fuller corpus. This anxiety is the Lacanian Real of Saito’s book.

At the end of the day, I can boil down to these questions: does capitalism only “distort” human purpose? Or does it both “distort” and “realize” that purpose? To assert the distortion without exploring the realization is, I want to assert, to have misunderstood the difference between capitalism and capital. That is, it is not to have understood the difference between the becoming and the being, between the history and logic of wealth production.
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Andrew
Apr 01, 2019Andrew rated it it was ok
Shelves: history, political-science
I'm guessing this book was not for me. For your reference, I am a public policy Master's student and a Marxist who is not totally opposed to anarchism. I'm currently taking a class on Contemporary Marxism in the lit department where we are discussing completely arcane concepts from many Italian authors, in addition to some classics like Black Marxism. Now that you know where I'm coming from, you know how to measure the rest of this review.

I understand what Saito is trying to do here. He badly wants to convince us that Marx cared about ecology. Which. . . okay?

In other words, let's say he succeeded (spoiler: I'm not saying he succeeded): then so what? Where does that leave us? What does it change? What does it matter? Nowhere does Saito say how this new revelation should shape our behavior going forward. He certainly doesn't explain how it should inform any modern ecological practices. If I'm not mistaken he doesn't actually reference praxis at all. This is as puzzling as it is disappointing in a book called Karl Marx's Ecosocialism which was written in 2017.

Let me repeat that statement: this is a book about ecosocialism WRITTEN IN 2017 which barely mentions the looming climate catastrophe. It is one of the most egregious examples of ivory tower head-up-your-own-assedness I've ever seen.

Ok, so maybe I'm being unfair here. Coming up with actionable steps to battle climate catastrophe was clearly not within Saito's stated scope for this project. I happen to think that makes his stated scope shitty, but hey that's a subjective call. A fairer question would be does Saito succeed within his scope? I'd argue that he doesn't.

Though I'm sure Saito himself would object to this characterization, he basically has two main claims. One is that Marx is unfairly maligned for his earliest writings in which he was cavalier about productivism, essentially ignoring the environmental impact of industrialization. The second is that he came to care deeply about ecology over the last decades of his life, which we would have seen if he had ever finished volumes 2 & 3 of Capital himself.

Saito mostly convinces on the first account, using Marx's notebooks to say that right around the time of the Communist Manifesto Marx began investigating agronomy and became extremely interested in soil health, deforestation, etc. Fine, I'll grant that. His earliest writings were written in ignorance and he changed his mind over time.

The second claim, however, is woefully unsupported. At the end of Part 2 I was left with the impression that the chief supports for this claim is that Marx really liked two agronomists named Liebig and Fraas. Which. . . okay? But Saito neglects to show where Marx incorporated these mens' beliefs outside of a few random passages in Capital and Grundrisse. And worse, he imputes meanings onto phrases that Marx used: -- "nature," "harmony," "unity," etc. -- which it's not at all clear that Marx meant in the same way we use them today. He certainly never mentions "sustainability" or "collapse" or "ecosystem." Ultimately, Saito wildly overstates his case that Marx was preoccupied with environmental issues.

I'll stop there since I'm not being nice. I was unimpressed with both Saito's goal and his execution. I'm giving an extra star for his impressive research, which was clearly painstaking and comprehensive. It just frustrates me endlessly to see brilliant people expend valuable brainpower on such navel-gazing tasks.

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Dec 06, 2017HappyHarron rated it it was amazing  ·  review of another edition
Shelves: leftism
Fantastic analysis, refutes many popular conceptions about Marx's Prometheanism and theory of history. A must read for those interested in not only current scholarship on Marx but how Marx can contribute to leftist eco-politics today. (less)
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Harry Allard
Mar 21, 2020Harry Allard rated it really liked it
Convincingly illustrates Marx's development of ecological ideas, and his recognition of the importance of mankind's metabolism with nature. Really shows Marx's scientific curiosity, which differs greatly from many later, dogmatic communists. Interesting to read Marx's changing understanding of agricultural failure, deforestation, and even climate change. Shatters the claims of a rigid, anthropocentric Prometheanism in Marx's worldview, and highlights the ahistoric nature and short-sightedness of an un-ecological, blindly production-focused communism. (less)
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Jordan
Apr 21, 2018Jordan rated it really liked it
Meticulously researched and well-argued account of Marx's ecological thought with special attention paid to his notebooks and letters. (less)
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================
Kohei Saito
Rank Associate Professor
Degree Ph.D. in Philosophy from Humboldt University Berlin
Personal website N/A
Phone +81 6 6605 2275
E-mail saito at econ.osaka-cu.ac.jp (please replace “at” with “@”)
Education
2009 B.A. : Wesleyan University (Government)
2012 M.A. : Free University Berlin (Philosophy)
2015 Ph.D. : Humboldt University Berlin (Philosophy)
Carreer
2016 : Overseas Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Visiting Scholar, Department of Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara
2017- : Associate Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Osaka City University
Class Taught
Theories of Modern Capitalism

About Me
My research field is Marxian economics. Every day, I think about how Marx’s theory can be meaningfully applied to today’s society.

Message to Students
Train your logical and critical thinking by reading as many books as possible during your four years at university. I will help you!

Research Field
Economic Thought, Contemporary Capitalism

Research Keywords
Ecology, Welfare State, Basic Income, Capital

Affiliated Academic Organizations
Japan Society of Political Economy; Japan Society for the History of Economic Thought; Society for the History of Social Thought; Hegel Society of Japan

Selected Publications:
Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2017).
“Beyond Recognition in Capitalism: Hegel’s Critique of Fichte’s Category of the ‘Person’ and the Emergence of Antagonistic Totality in the System of Ethical Life,” in Andrew Buchwalter (ed.), Hegel and Capitalism (New York: The State University of New York Press, 2015), pp.35-51.
“Das Fraas-Exzerpt und der neue Horizont der Marx’schen Stoffwechseltheorie,” in: Marx-Engels-Jahrbuch 2014 (Berlin: De Gruyter 2015), pp.117-140.
“Revolution and Democracy: Marxism vs. Post-Marxism”, nyx vol. 5 [written in Japanese].

MR Press launches pathbreaking new books on ecosocialism | Climate & Capitalism

MR Press launches pathbreaking new books on ecosocialism | Climate & Capitalism


MR Press launches pathbreaking new books on ecosocialism
November 1, 2017
Kohei Saito, Ian Angus, Fred Magdoff and Chris Williams offer powerful, historically grounded arguments and a way forward for society and the earth

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Kohei Saito, Ian Angus, Fred Magdoff and Chris Williams offer powerful, historically grounded arguments and a way forward for society and the earth

Over the last three decades, Monthly Review has stood out as a major source of ecosocialist analysis. This has been especially evident in recent months, with the publication by Monthly Review Press of three pathbreaking books:

  • Kohei Saito: Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy
  • Ian Angus: A Redder Shade of Green: Intersections of Science and Socialism
  • Fred Magdoff and Chris Williams: Creating an Ecological Society: Toward a Revolutionary Transformation
Saito’s Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism is an extraordinarily important work that both deepens and extends our analysis of how Marx sought to integrate ecological materialism and an understanding of ecological crisis into his critique of political economy. Saito gives new significance to what has been called Marx’s theory of metabolic rift, by showing how Marx used his concept of social metabolism (Stoffwechsel) to ground his value analysis in the ecological conditions of production, incorporating a conception of natural limits. At the same time, he brings critical new evidence to bear by exploring the ways that Marx continued to develop this ecological critique, and to deepen its significance for his critique of capital, as revealed in his little-known or still unpublished natural-scientific notebooks.

Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism thus represents an enormous expansion of our understanding of Marx’s oeuvre, reinforcing and extending the interpretations offered in earlier works such as Paul Burkett’s Marx and Nature (1999) and John Bellamy Foster’s Marx’s Ecology (2000). The widespread failure for many years to recognize Marx’s contributions to ecology was mainly a product, Saito argues, of the biases of so-called Western Marxism, which deemphasized the materialist aspect of Marx’s thought. “If the ‘material’ becomes integrated” into interpretations of Marx’s system, Saito argues, his “texts open the way to ecology without much difficulty” (262).

Following upon his major work Facing the Anthropocene (Monthly Review Press, 2016), Angus’s A Redder Shade of Green consists of a set of elegant and necessary interventions in debates related to ecosocialism and science. It is divided into five parts: (I) “Natural Science and the Making of Scientific Socialism,” (II) “Responding to the Anthropocene,” (III) “Numbers Are Not Enough,” (IV) “Saving Species, Saving Oceans,” and (V) “Toward an Ecological Civilization.”

Over the course of the book, Angus takes on critical issues such as Marx’s relation to science and Darwin; the denial of the Anthropocene concept by some on the left; the growth of ecomodernism; “The Return of the Population Bombers”; biodiversity; and “The Myth of ‘Environmental Catastrophism.’” The brilliance and succinctness of this analysis and its concrete engagement with crucial debates make A Redder Shade of Green at once a useful introduction to ecosocialist thought for the uninitiated and a valuable corrective for readers already well-versed in ecological Marxism.

Magdoff and Williams’s Creating an Ecological Society is perhaps the most comprehensive yet accessible analysis currently available of the changes needed to cope with the world’s growing ecological and social crises. Written by scholars equally versed in natural and social science, it is full of concrete considerations of the radical praxis demanded by the depredations of capitalist society. It is a book full of revolutionary hope, characterized not only by its rejection of business as usual, but also its illuminating description of the countless things we can do to transcend the status quo and to create an ecological civilization. Magdoff and Williams do not play down the rupture with existing social relations that this would require. As they write:

“The word revolution is currently used by all manner of people in very different contexts…. It is therefore important to define what we mean by revolution, which to us means the total rearrangement of social power and its reconstitution on the basis of substantive equality. In other words, the only way to create an ecologically based society is by creating a classless society based on cooperation and the democratic decisions of the entire population. Only by overturning current social relations is it possible to create a society compatible with the well-being of the planet and its people.”

What makes these three books so important is that they reinforce each other in theory and practice, moving from classical historical materialism toward present ecological and social struggles in an almost seamless way. Taken together, they offer both a powerful, historically grounded argument and a way forward for society and the earth. Now it is a question of putting that knowledge and vision into practice.

From the “Notes from the Editors” column in Monthly Review, November 2017