2021/12/05

庭野日敬 - Wikipedia

庭野日敬 - Wikipedia

庭野日敬

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庭野 日敬
Statue of Niwano.JPG
庭野日敬銅像
肩書き立正佼成会開祖
個人情報
生誕
庭野 鹿蔵

1906年11月15日
死没1999年10月4日(92歳没)
宗教仏教
国籍日本の旗 日本
子供庭野日鑛
両親(父)庭野重吉
法名開祖日敬一乗大師
地位
過去の地位日本宗教連盟理事長
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庭野 日敬(にわの にっきょう、1906年(明治39年)11月15日 - 1999年(平成11年)10月4日、改名前は庭野鹿蔵)は、日本の宗教家で仏教系新宗教の在家教団立正佼成会の開祖(初代)会長。彼は立正佼成会を創立し、一代で一時期は信者公称約170万世帯700万人以上を擁する大教団に育てた。 また1979年(昭和54年)「宗教界のノーベル賞」といわれるテンプルトン賞の日本人初の受賞者でもある。

略歴[編集]

1906年(明治39年)11月15日、新潟県中魚沼郡十日町大字菅沼(現・新潟県十日町市菅沼)の農家に、庭野重吉の次男・庭野鹿蔵として生まれた。小学校を卒業後、16歳で上京。米穀店や薪炭店に勤め、漬物店や牛乳店を営む傍ら、自分の子供の病気をきっかけに信仰に目覚めた。易学修験道など様々な信仰遍歴を重ねた末、法華経信仰の道に入る。

1935年(昭和10年)に法華系新宗教教団の霊友会に入会し、当時教団幹部であった新井助信より法華経の講義を受け師事する。1938年(昭和13年)3月5日、かねてより師事する新井の強力な勧めもあり、庭野は長沼政(後の長沼妙佼副会長、脇祖)とともに霊友会を脱退し、国柱会出身の村山日襄ら他約30人の信者で法華経をよりどころとする大日本立正交成会を創立(初代会長…村山日襄・初代副会長…石原叔太郎)した。この会創立と共に庭野は日敬に改名し戸籍登録。創立当初の同会本部は庭野が当時経営していた東京・中野の牛乳販売店の2階に置かれた。会の草創期は早朝に牛乳配達を終えた後、自転車の荷台に長沼を乗せて深夜まで、2人3脚で寝る間も惜しんで布教に駆け回った。1943年(昭和18年)村山日襄会長、石原叔太郎副会長がそれぞれ退任。後継として実質の運営・指導者である庭野と長沼がそれぞれ「開祖会長」「副会長」に就任、名実ともに庭野会長・長沼副会長体制がスタートする。同会は、1948年(昭和23年)に立正交成会、1960年(昭和35年)に立正佼成会と改称。信者が車座になって互いに悩みを語り合う「法座」活動などで順調に教勢を伸ばした。

しかし、1950年代後半には、会の教勢が急速に伸びていく中、連日全国から馳せ参じる大勢の信者を受け入れる道場や宿泊施設が手狭なために本部施設・建設用地が慢性的不足に陥った。また教団の運営・管理部門を収容する施設や本部根本道場の建設が急務となる中、その教団施設建設用地の取得問題や、霊視・霊感による半ば強引な布教活動がマスコミから格好の批判の的となり、衆院法務委員会から参考人召喚を受ける。庭野はこの批判に対し反発・反論を行わず、信者代表や外部の学識経験者も交えた諮問委員会を設けて教団のあり方を見直し、事案に対しての調査内容を教団内外にそのまま発表した。

さらに当時教団内で、庭野より霊視・霊感に秀でた長沼のカリスマ性ゆえに、一部教団幹部より「長沼教祖・庭野会長待望論」や副会長の長沼を会長に擁して新教団独立を模索する動きが起こり、一部は庭野への式典出席拒否(例えば、出席を予定していた地方拠点の式典の日程を庭野に告げず1~2日前倒しで執り行って、そこに長沼を招聘するもの)などの排除行動にも顕れた。この動きは1957年(昭和32年)かねてより患っていた持病の悪化により長沼が死去した事で自然消滅し事態は収束した。しかし庭野は「待望論」を論じたり新教団の独立模索を主導した教団幹部の責任は一切追及せず、その後も従来と変わらず重用し続けた。

長沼の没後、庭野は法華経と教義を基盤として教団の近代化と機構改革を図るとともに、信者に対しては個人救済から社会全体の救済へと会の運動・信仰の理念を発展させ、社会奉仕を目的とする「明るい社会づくり運動」、節約した食費を途上国援助などに寄せる「一食を捧げる運動」を提唱。ユニセフ支援、アフリカ援助アフリカに毛布を送る運動などに尽力した。また当時より(後年発足する四月会とも連携して)自由民主党などの支持団体として、政界にも発言力を持つ。

他宗派との宗教協力にも取り組み、日本宗教連盟理事長などを歴任。1965年(昭和40年)仏教徒はもとより異教宗教者として初めて第2バチカン公会議に招聘された。その際、当時のローマ教皇パウロ6世から諸宗教の宥和を説かれたことをきっかけに、国際的な諸宗教の対話による平和の実現を決意。世界宗教者平和会議(WCRP…国際連合経済社会理事会の専門部会の一つ)アジア宗教者平和会議(ACRP)を創立し、1970年(昭和45年)京都で開催された第一回世界宗教者平和会議(WCRPⅠ)を皮切りに宗教者が宗教協力と対話からもたらす平和活動を推進した。また1980年(昭和55年)6月、前年9月にイランの首都テヘランで発生したイランアメリカ大使館人質事件の早期解決と人質の解放を求め、実効指導者とされたホメイニ師と会談を行い、国連軍縮特別総会でも1978年(昭和53年)・1982年(昭和57年)・1988年(昭和63年)の3回、非政府組織や立正佼成会の代表として核兵器廃絶などを訴えた。

国内では新日本宗教団体連合会(新宗連…日本宗教連盟の協賛団体)創立に参画し、1951年(昭和26年)10月結成。(初代理事長はパーフェクトリバティー教団第2代教祖御木徳近)また日宗連との縁で日蓮宗はもとより天台宗とも繋がりを持ち、1987年(昭和62年)親交の深い山田恵諦第253代天台座主提唱による比叡山宗教サミットに長男で現・会長の庭野日鑛とともに出席、国内外を問わず宗教者同士との対話と協力を通じての平和活動に邁進した。

1979年(昭和54年)、宗教協力による平和活動の功績で「宗教界のノーベル賞」といわれるテンプルトン賞テンプルトン財団)を日本人で初めて受賞し、受賞会場のイギリスウィンザー城にて基調講演を行った。またこの他にも、アルベルト・シュヴァイツァー博士の生誕100年を記念して創設されたユニクェスト・シュバイツァー賞ローマ教皇庁大聖グレゴリウス勲章キリスト教・ユダヤ教国際協議会インターフェイス・メダリオン(宗教対話促進賞)など、数多の賞勲を受けた。

1991年(平成3年)11月15日、立正佼成会大聖堂(本部道場)で法燈継承式が挙行され、長男の庭野日鑛に会長位を委譲して初代「開祖」となった。この後も、ローマ教皇ヨハネ・パウロ2世とともに、バチカンで開かれた第6回世界宗教者平和会議(WCRP VI)に出席するなど引き続き宗教対話・宗教協力への活動を続けた。

1998年(平成10年)の秋に風邪を悪化させ入院、翌1999年(平成11年)3月には教団の式典に出席したものの、同年4月から再入院。1999年(平成11年)10月4日午前10時34分、東京都中野区の病院で老衰のため逝去。享年92。

葬儀・告別式は、開祖葬として同年10月10日、東京都杉並区和田二丁目の立正佼成会大聖堂で挙行。国内外の新宗教団体、仏教神道キリスト教などの各宗派宗教者の代表および政財界関係者、信者ら延べ約6万人参列、その列は杉並の本部周辺の道路にまで及び数キロメートルに渡り続いた。

庭野日鑛会長は、庭野日敬開祖へ法号「開祖日敬一乗大師」を追贈。また、2000年(平成12年)10月1日には、庭野開祖を顕彰する「一乗宝塔」を立正佼成会本部内の法輪閣庭園に建立した。

著書[編集]

  • 『新釈法華三部経』(全10巻)
  • 『仏教のいのち法華経』
  • 『法華経の新しい解釈』
  • 『脚下照顧』(正・続)
  • 『瀉瓶無遺』
  • 『人生、心がけ』
  • 『開祖随感』
  • 『この道』

・『人間らしく生きる』

受賞歴・受章歴[編集]

参考文献[編集]

  • 開祖 庭野日敬 - 立正佼成会のサイト
  • 1999年(平成11年)10月4日付『朝日新聞』、「庭野日敬氏が死去 立正佼成会の開祖・国際対話に貢献」
  • 1999年(平成11年)10月21日付『朝日新聞』、「立正佼成会開祖・庭野日敬さん(惜別)」

関連項目[編集]

外部リンク[編集]

先代:
立正佼成会会長
初代
1938年3月5日 - 1991年11月15日
次代:
庭野日鑛

** Buddhism for Today: Interpretation of the Threefold Lotus Sutra: Nikkyo Niwano

https://www.scribd.com/document/19864111/Buddhism-for-Today

Buddhism for Today: A Modern Interpretation of the Threefold Lotus Sutra: Nikkyo Niwano
Amazon.com: Books



Buddhism for Today: A Modern Interpretation of the Threefold Lotus Sutra Paperback – December 15, 1989
by Nikkyo Niwano (Author)
4.5 out of 5 stars    13 ratings
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from AUD 22.70 
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This concise, readily understandable book is designed as a guide to one of the supreme scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism: the Threefold Lotus Sutra. 

The first publication of the complete sutra in English (Kosei, 1975) was widely acclaimed, and an ever-growing audience has been created for what is certainly among the greatest of the world's religious documents.

 Like the Bible and the Koran, however, the Threefold Lotus Sutra requires explanation by a gifted teacher, and it is for this reason that Niwano has written this guide. Giving careful consideration to the relationships among the thirty-two chapters of the sutra, he not only outlines the contents but also explains the major points.
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504 pages
Language
English
====
Bunno Kato
4.6 out of 5 stars 40
Paperback
36 offers from AUD 6.04
===
Editorial Reviews
From the Inside Flap
About the Author
Nikkyo Niwano, well-known author of such works on Buddhism as Shakyamuni Buddha and Buddhism for Today and winner of the 1979 Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress in Religion, is the founder of Rissho Kosei-kai, a lay Buddhist organization that numbers well over six million members throughout the world.

Product details
Publisher ‏ : ‎ Kosei Publishing Company; Fourth Printing edition (December 15, 1989)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 504 pages
===

Customer Reviews: 4.5 out of 5 stars    13 ratings
====
Top reviews from the United States
Threefold Lotus Kwoon
2.0 out of 5 stars same old religion problem
Reviewed in the United States on June 1, 2019
Verified Purchase
As a 40 plus year monk, I am so tired of the anglicised transliteration of Buddhism as a variation on the "faith and believe" model of Christianity and others applied to the Buddha's teaching and scholarship. It is appalling that such erudite teaching be violated to create yet another flavor of devotional manipulation and governance. 

I am very sad to have found this to be yet another transparent effort to support organised cultism

Buddhism is a single minded pursuit of scholarship to get control of one's own life and mind. Buddhism share a community of mind, not congregation. We are Bodhisattvas, helping one another to attain this mind. 

This book would have you think that BUddhism is another system of beliefs and hopeful thoughts on something like an after life. Well, news flash, the core concept of Buddhism is that everything happens here and now. No "after", no "before". No "soul", no "incarnations". No "faith", only perception. This is why enlightenment is also known as "awakening". 

If you are interested in Buddhism, please read the ample scholarship of sutras and Mahayana scholarship. I guarantee it will serve you well.

One person found this helpful
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Allan Carpenter
5.0 out of 5 stars Don't Read the Lotus Sutra Without This Book!
Reviewed in the United States on January 8, 2006
Verified Purchase
To generalize a bit, Americans, and modern people as whole, want to get "straight to the sources", and today's Buddhists are no different. Unfortunately, when western Buddhists pick up the Lotus Sutra without any preparation, they're left befuddled. It all seems so multi-leveled, symbolic, and dream-like. Where is the practical side of this sutra? How can this be the most important sutra for millions of Mahayana Buddhists?

Luckily, we have Nikkyo Niwano's enjoyable book as a guide. Niwano was the founder of the second-largest Buddhist organization in Japan, and he manages to make the Lotus Sutra accessible, understandable, and even applicable to everyday life. Having studied the sutra his entire adult life, Niwano anticipates many of the questions the reader will have when he or she encounters the Lotus Sutra. No matter what faith tradition you belong to (Buddhist or otherwise), you'll find reading this book rewarding and frequently enlightening. Although profound, this isn't a work for scholars: its a work for laypeople, practicing the dharma in everyday life.
19 people found this helpful
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Rhonda Wilsoon
5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
Reviewed in the United States on August 4, 2017
Verified Purchase
An excellent companion to the Lotus Sutra.
One person found this helpful
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Bonnie
5.0 out of 5 stars I like Nikkyo Niwano's interpretation
Reviewed in the United States on September 13, 2015
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I like Nikkyo Niwano's interpretation, and its beautiful; however, in the spirit of true Buddha it is important that each person interprets the Lotus Sutra through their own life experience.
3 people found this helpful
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NR
5.0 out of 5 stars I am reading it now and this has to be ...
Reviewed in the United States on February 6, 2015
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I am reading it now and this has to be the vest book on The Lotus Sutra thank you very much for this book ! Yours Truly, Neil
2 people found this helpful
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Gerald Aitken
5.0 out of 5 stars Good for independent Buddhists
Reviewed in the United States on January 10, 2016
Verified Purchase
Excellent for an independent Nichiren Buddhist.
3 people found this helpful
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pha1248
5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
Reviewed in the United States on October 12, 2014
Verified Purchase
Very good book. It helps a lot. I strongly recommend it.
One person found this helpful
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John J. Petry
5.0 out of 5 stars A good general study guide for Buddhism
Reviewed in the United States on November 16, 2010
This translation has been recently updated but the essentials remain the same. Niwano's work is a condensed version of a Japanese language multi-volume scholarly commentary of the Lotus Sutra done many years ago by priests of the Nichiren Shu lineage in Japan. I do not mean to disparage his efforts by using the term condensed as he took an extensive, extremely comprehensive scholarly work and presents the essential points in terms non-scholars can understand. If I had any criticism for this work at all it would be that it is still overly influenced by a Japanese mindset which can be sometimes difficult for a Westerner to follow. The underemphasis of women as well as the Japanese overemphasis of societal duty and ancestral worship are not truly in keeping with the Lotus Sutra or the Japanese monk, Nichiren Shonin, who provided the doctrinal underpinnings for the original work. Still it is the most comprehensive of the English language study guides on the Lotus Sutra and while the Shinju Suguru "Introduction to the Lotus Sutra" is more modern and easier to read, it is not nearly as complete as this work is. Anyone seeking to understand the meaning of the words written in the "King of the Sutras" should buy this book and the Shinju Suguru book and use them in any study of the Lotus Sutra or they likely will be completely lost.
6 people found this helpful

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Nikkyō Niwano

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Nikkyō Niwano
KCSG
Statue of Niwano.JPG
Statue of Niwano at Rissho Kosei-kai headquarters
President of Risshō Kōsei Kai (RKK)
Great Teacher of the One Vehicle
In office
March 5, 1939 – November 15, 1991
Assumed office
March 5, 1939
Preceded byNone, office created
Succeeded byNichiko Niwano
1st President of Risshō Kōsei Kai
Personal details
BornNovember 15, 1906
Niigata PrefectureJapan
DiedOctober 4, 1999 (aged 92)
NationalityJapanese
Spouse(s)Sai Niwano
ChildrenNichiko Niwano (son)
RelativesKosho Niwano (Granddaughter)
Known forReligious work, founder of Risshō Kōsei Kai
Awards
WebsiteRisshō Kōsei Kai

Nikkyō Niwano KCSG (庭野日敬Niwano Nikkyō, 1906–1999) was one of the founders and the first president of the Buddhist organization Risshō Kōsei Kai.

Early life[edit]

Born on November 15, 1906, to farmers, Nikkyō had a humble life in a small town. Later in his youth, he moved to Tokyo to work, where he began to study several different religions. During his studies, he attended a sermon on the Lotus Sutra and became a Buddhist.

Risshō Kōsei Kai[edit]

Mr Niwano had been actively involved with the Buddhist group Reiyūkai, and it was then that he encountered Ms. Myoko Naganuma and led her to convert to Reiyūkai. In 1938 they both attended a leaders meeting where the leadership of Reiyūkai made several comments stating that the Lotus Sutra was outdated. After discussing this matter with each other, they decided that they could not belong to an organization which held this type of view.[1] On March 5, 1938, they founded Risshō Kōsei Kai, holding the first meeting in Mr Niwano's house.

Niwano was to be the President and Naganuma to be the vice-president. As the organization grew he gave up his job as a milkman and devoted himself full-time to the ministry. He became involved in interfaith activities and helped to found the World Conference of Religions for Peace in 1970. During this time he became involved in numerous religious and cultural conferences and gatherings, some of which include the Asian Conference on Religion and Peace and the 6th WCRP in Italy, where he presided over the WCRP alongside Pope John Paul II.[2] He also spoke on several occasions as the United Nations calling for world peace and the abolition of nuclear arms.

In 1991 he stepped down as president and was succeeded by his eldest son, Nichiko Niwano. Although retired, he continued to participate in interfaith and peace activities.

Awards[edit]

In 1979 he was awarded the Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress in Religion. In 1992 he was made a Knight Commander with the Silver Star of the Order of St. Gregory the Great by the Vatican. In 1993 Mr Niwano was awarded the Interfaith Medallion from the International Council of Christians and Jews. Daniel Montgomery quotes that "no Buddhist leader in the World has become more widely known or showered with honours than him."[3]

Death and legacy[edit]

Nikkyo Niwano died on October 4, 1999. He was cremated and some of his ashes were placed in the Precious Stupa of the One Vehicle, a small stupa located on the grounds of the groups headquarters. He is remembered for his interfaith work and his calls for global peace and disarmament. While many people around the world regard him with the highest respect, some criticism occurred shortly after his death regarding the large fortune that he left behind, many claiming that this was un-Buddhist.[4]

Works[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Rissho Kosei-kai Buddhist Church of Hawaii"rkhawaii.org. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15.
  2. ^ "About Rissho Kosei-kai, a Buddhist organization"rk-world.org. Archived from the original on 2010-04-04. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
  3. ^ Montgomery, Daniel (1991). Fire in the Lotus, The Dynamic Religion of Nichiren. London : Mandala, ISBN 1852740914, page 232.
  4. ^ http://search.japantimes.co.jp/member/member.html?nn20000907b8.htm[permanent dead link]

Further reading[edit]

  • Shinozaki, Michio T. (2001). Peace and Nonviolence from a Mahayana Buddhist Perspective: Nikkyo Niwano's Thought. Buddhist-Christian Studies 21, 13-30

External links[edit]

Buddhist titles
Preceded by
None
Director General Rissho Kosei-kai
March 5, 1938–March 28, 1943
Succeeded by
Himself as President
Preceded by
none
President of Rissho Kosei-kai
March 28, 1943–November 15, 1991
Succeeded by