2020/01/12

The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload: Daniel J. Levitin: 9780147516312: Amazon.com: Books



The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload: Daniel J. Levitin: 9780147516312: Amazon.com: Books





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New York Times bestselling author and neuroscientist Daniel J. Levitin shifts his keen insights from your brain on music to your brain in a sea of details.

The information age is drowning us with an unprecedented deluge of data. At the same time, we’re expected to make more—and faster—decisions about our lives than ever before. No wonder, then, that the average American reports frequently losing car keys or reading glasses, missing appointments, and feeling worn out by the effort required just to keep up.

But somehow some people become quite accomplished at managing information flow. In The Organized Mind, Daniel J. Levitin, PhD, uses the latest brain science to demonstrate how those people excel—and how readers can use their methods to regain a sense of mastery over the way they organize their homes, workplaces, and time.

With lively, entertaining chapters on everything from the kitchen junk drawer to health care to executive office workflow, Levitin reveals how new research into the cognitive neuroscience of attention and memory can be applied to the challenges of our daily lives. This Is Your Brain on Music showed how to better play and appreciate music through an understanding of how the brain works. The Organized Mind shows how to navigate the churning flood of information in the twenty-first century with the same neuroscientific perspective.


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Daniel J. Levitin
Editorial Reviews

Review


“[An] impressively wide-ranging and thoughtful work...The Organized Mind is an organized book, but it also rewards dipping in at any point, for there are fascinating facts and examples throughout.”—The Wall Street Journal

“From how not to lose your keys to how to decide when the risks of surgery are worth it, Levitin focuses on smart ways to process the constant flow of information the brain must deal with.”—The Washington Post

“[M]ore than a self-help book...Levitin's insights into sleep, time, socializing and decision-making are profound.”—San Jose Mercury News
“[An] ingenious combination of neuroscience and self-help.”—Kirkus Reviews

“Dan Levitin has more insights per page than any other neuroscientist I know. The Organized Mind is smart, important, and as always, exquisitely written.”—Daniel Gilbert, Harvard University, author of Stumbling on Happiness

“Combine genuine knowledge and scholarship with plain common sense and what do you get? A book that is really worth reading: Dan Levitin’s The Organized Mind.”—The Honorable George P. Shultz, 60th U. S. Secretary of State

“There are surprising parallels between Levitin’s work and mine. Today’s environment in war, business, and just about everything else has increased in speed and complexity to the point where the essential quality required for success is adaptability. The Organized Mind provides the latest neuroscience on cognitive adaptability and how to apply it to so that leaders can excel. It is a tremendous achievement, and a must read for leaders at every level.”—General Stanley McChrystal, U. S. Army (ret.)

“A brilliant and engaging book about the science of thinking. The Organized Mind provides the tools that we all need to understand and manage the deluge of information that assaults us every day.”—Jerome Groopman, MD and Pamela Hartzband, MD, Harvard Medical School, authors of Your Medical Mind

“A profound piece of work. Levitin documents the mismatch between our narrow bandwidth hunter-gatherer minds and the multitasking chaos of today’s world. He even shows us how to stay sane in environments that are constantly tempting us to stretch ourselves hopelessly thin.”—Philip E. Tetlock, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania

“An erudite synthesis of Levitin’s own contributions, recent advances in our understanding of attention and memory, and a deep perspective on the ways the human mind works.”—Stanley Prusiner, M.D. Nobel Laureate, director of the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco

“Daniel Levitin’s book follows in the ancient tradition of knowledge as a guide to a better life. Discover the creative power of organized thought, whether you are a writer or a scientist, a disorganized mess or a super robot seeking new frontiers of effectiveness.”—Eric Kaplan, co-executive producer and writer, The Big Bang Theory, writer, The Simpsons and Flight of the Conchords

“An eloquent spokesperson for our field. Levitin writes about the brain with an ease and familiarity that is captivating.”—The late David Hubel, Nobel Laureate in honor of discoveries concerning information processing in the human visual system

“Fascinating...Combing neuroscience and cognitive psychology, the Organized Mind underscores the critical importance of individuals taking charge of their own attentional and memory systems so they can lead optimally productive and satisfying lives. Invaluable insights are offered with regard to organizing our homes, social world, time, decision-making, and business world.”—Nadine J. Kaslow, Ph.D., president of the American Psychological Association and professor and vice chair, Emory University School of Medicine

“This book is far more than tips on how to think clearly and manage information overload. It is also a tour through some of the most exciting aspects of contemporary neuroscience and cognitive science, with a specific emphasis on implications for everyday life. Anyone who has ever wondered about the mind will find much that is fascinating and useful in these pages.”—Stephen Kosslyn, dean, Minerva Schools of Arts and Sciences at the Keck Graduate Institute, former chair, department of psychology, Harvard University

“Running a major PBS television series on tight budgets and turnarounds requires organization and efficiency and sometimes a little magic too. Levitin’s behind the curtain peek at the brain’s inner workings of decision-making provides that extra bit of magic—and would make a fascinating documentary in and of itself!”—Pamela Hogan, Emmy award-winning Producer for PBS

“In the age of TMI, we all need better organized minds. With characteristically clear prose and scientific insight, Dan Levitin gives us tips on how to get or mental closets in order. I really enjoyed this book.”—Joseph LeDoux, Center for Neural Science, New York University

“Dan Levitin has done it again. Having explained music and the brain, now he shows us the best, most effective ways to organize the rest of our life by giving us key insights into how the brain works. His style is so appealing, his knowledge so deep and practical, that we learn, from The Organized Mind, not only why we do what we do, but how, potentially, we can run our lives more smoothly, efficiently, and even happily.”—Cathy N. Davidson, director, The Futures Initiative, City University of New York

“Using the latest information on the brain and how it works, Levitin presents a series of ideas on how to organize one's life and business. Essential reading for anyone who aspires to be highly effective. Or even find their keys!”—David Eidelman, MD, dean of the McGill University Medical School

“The Organized Mind reads like a movie— not the dry tome you might expect. It’s an exciting tour through the science of productivity and how to best manage your thinking to get things done—and be more creative at the same time.”—David Allen, author of Getting Things Done
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About the Author


Daniel J. Levitin, Ph.D., is the New York Times bestselling author of This Is Your Brain on Music, The World in Six Songs, The Organized Mind, and Weaponized Lies. His work has been translated into 21 languages. An award-winning scientist and teacher, he is Founding Dean of Arts & Humanities at the Minerva Schools at KGI, a Distinguished Faculty Fellow at the Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley, and the James McGill Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Music at McGill University, Montreal, where he also holds appointments in the Program in Behavioural Neuroscience, The School of Computer Science, and the Faculty of Education. Before becoming a neuroscientist, he worked as a session musician, sound engineer, and record producer working with artists such as Stevie Wonder and Blue Oyster Cult. He has published extensively in scientific journals as well as music magazines such as Grammy and Billboard. Recent musical performances include playing guitar and saxophone with Sting, Bobby McFerrin, Rosanne Cash, David Byrne, Cris Williamson, Victor Wooten, and Rodney Crowell.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.




One of the best students I ever had the privilege of meeting was born in communist Romania, under the repressive and brutal rule of Nicolae . Although his regime collapsed when she was eleven, she remembered well the long lines for food, the shortages, and the economic destitution that lasted far beyond his overthrow. Ioana was bright and curious, and although still young, she had the colors of a true scholar: When she encountered a new scientific idea or problem, she would look at it from every angle, reading everything she could get her hands on. I met her during her first semester at university, newly arrived in North America, when she took my introductory course on the psychology of thinking and reasoning. Although the class had seven hundred students, she distinguished herself early on by thoughtfully answering questions posed in class, peppering me with questions during office hours, and constantly proposing new experiments.


I ran into her one day at the college bookstore, frozen in the aisle with all the pens and pencils. She was leaning limply against the shelf, clearly distraught.

“Is everything all right?” I asked.

“It can be really terrible living in America,” Ioana said.

“Compared to Soviet Romania?!”

“Everything is so complicated. I looked for a student apartment. Rent or lease? Furnished or unfurnished? Top floor or ground floor? Carpet or hardwood floor . . .”

“Did you make a decision?”

“Yes, finally. But it’s impossible to know which is best. Now . . .” her voice trailed off.

“Is there a problem with the apartment?”

“No, the apartment is fine. But today is my fourth time in the bookstore. Look! An entire row full of pens. In Romania, we had three kinds of pens. And many times there was a shortage—no pens at all. In America, there are more than fifty different kinds. Which one do I need for my biology class? Which one for poetry? Do I want felt tip, ink, gel, cartridge, erasable? Ballpoint, razor point, roller ball? One hour I am here reading labels.”

Every day, we are confronted with dozens of decisions, most of which we would characterize as insignificant or unimportant—whether to put on our left sock first or our right, whether to take the bus or the subway to work, what to eat, where to shop. We get a taste of Ioana’s disorientation when we travel, not only to other countries but even to other states. The stores are different, the products are different. Most of us have adopted a strategy to get along called satisficing, a term coined by the Nobel Prize winner Herbert Simon, one of the founders of the fields of organization theory and information processing. Simon wanted a word to describe not getting the very best option but one that was good enough. For things that don’t matter critically, we make a choice that satisfies us and is deemed sufficient. You don’t really know if your dry cleaner is the best—you only know that they’re good enough. And that’s what helps you get by. You don’t have time to sample all the dry cleaners within a twenty-four-block radius of your home. Does Dean & DeLuca really have the best gourmet takeout? It doesn’t matter—it’s good enough. Satisficing is one of the foundations of productive human behavior; it prevails when we don’t waste time on decisions that don’t matter, or more accurately, when we don’t waste time trying to find improvements that are not going to make a significant difference in our happiness or satisfaction.

All of us engage in satisficing every time we clean our homes. If we got down on the floor with a toothbrush every day to clean the grout, if we scrubbed the windows and walls every single day, the house would be spotless. But few of us go to this much trouble even on a weekly basis (and when we do, we’re likely to be labeled obsessive-compulsive). For most of us, we clean our houses until they are clean enough, reaching a kind of equilibrium between effort and benefit. It is this cost-benefits analysis that is at the heart of satisficing (Simon was also a respected economist).

Recent research in social psychology has shown that happy people are not people who have more; rather, they are people who are happy with what they already have. Happy people engage in satisficing all of the time, even if they don’t know it. Warren Buffett can be seen as embracing satisficing to an extreme—one of the richest men in the world, he lives in Omaha, a block from the highway, in the same modest home he has lived in for fifty years. He once told a radio interviewer that for breakfasts during his weeklong visit to New York City, he’d bought himself a gallon of milk and a box of Oreo cookies. But Buffett does not satisfice with his investment strategies; satisficing is a tool for not wasting time on things that are not your highest priority. For your high-priority endeavors, the old-fashioned pursuit of excellence remains the right strategy. Do you want your surgeon or your airplane mechanic or the director of a $100 million feature film to do just good enough or do the best they possibly can? Sometimes you want more than Oreos and milk.

Part of my Romanian student’s despondency could be chalked up to culture shock—to the loss of the familiar, and immersion in the unfamiliar. But she’s not alone. The past generation has seen an explosion of choices facing consumers. In 1976, the average supermarket stocked 9,000 unique products; today that number has ballooned to 40,000 of them, yet the average person gets 80%–85% of their needs in only 150 different supermarket items. That means that we need to ignore 39,850 items in the store. And that’s just supermarkets—it’s been estimated that there are over one million products in the United States today (based on SKUs, or stock-keeping units, those little bar codes on things we buy).

All this ignoring and deciding comes with a cost. Neuroscientists have discovered that unproductivity and loss of drive can result from decision overload. Although most of us have no trouble ranking the importance of decisions if asked to do so, our brains don’t automatically do this. Ioana knew that keeping up with her coursework was more important than what pen to buy, but the mere situation of facing so many trivial decisions in daily life created neural fatigue, leaving no energy for the important decisions. Recent research shows that people who were asked to make a series of meaningless decisions of just this type—for example, whether to write with a ballpoint pen or a felt-tip pen—showed poorer impulse control and lack of judgment about subsequent decisions. It’s as though our brains are configured to make a certain number of decisions per day and once we reach that limit, we can’t make any more, regardless of how important they are. One of the most useful findings in recent neuroscience could be summed up as: The decision-making network in our brain doesn’t prioritize.

Today, we are confronted with an unprecedented amount of information, and each of us generates more information than ever before in human history. As former Boeing scientist and New York Times writer Dennis Overbye notes, this information stream contains “more and more information about our lives—where we shop and what we buy, indeed, where we are right now—the economy, the genomes of countless organisms we can’t even name yet, galaxies full of stars we haven’t counted, traffic jams in Singapore and the weather on Mars.” That information “tumbles faster and faster through bigger and bigger computers down to everybody’s fingertips, which are holding devices with more processing power than the Apollo mission control.” Information scientists have quantified all this: In 2011, Americans took in five times as much information every day as they did in 1986—the equivalent of 175 newspapers. During our leisure time, not counting work, each of us processes 34 gigabytes or 100,000 words every day. The world’s 21,274 television stations produce 85,000 hours of original programming every day as we watch an average of 5 hours of television each day, the equivalent of 20 gigabytes of audio-video images. That’s not counting YouTube, which uploads 6,000 hours of video every hour. And computer gaming? It consumes more bytes than all other media put together, including DVDs, TV, books, magazines, and the Internet.

Just trying to keep our own media and electronic files organized can be overwhelming. Each of us has the equivalent of over half a million books stored on our computers, not to mention all the information stored in our cell phones or in the magnetic stripe on the back of our credit cards. We have created a world with 300 exabytes (300,000,000,000,000,000,000 pieces) of human-made information. If each of those pieces of information were written on a 3 x 5 index card and then spread out side by side, just one person’s share—your share of this information—would cover every square inch of Massachusetts and Connecticut combined.

Our brains do have the ability to process the information we take in, but at a cost: We can have trouble separating the trivial from the important, and all this information processing makes us tired. Neurons are living cells with a metabolism; they need oxygen and glucose to survive and when they’ve been working hard, we experience fatigue. Every status update you read on Facebook, every tweet or text message you get from a friend, is competing for resources in your brain with important things like whether to put your savings in stocks or bonds, where you left your passport, or how best to reconcile with a close friend you just had an argument with.

The processing capacity of the conscious mind has been estimated at 120 bits per second. That bandwidth, or window, is the speed limit for the traffic of information we can pay conscious attention to at any one time. While a great deal occurs below the threshold of our awareness, and this has an impact on how we feel and what our life is going to be like, in order for something to become encoded as part of your experience, you need to have paid conscious attention to it.

What does this bandwidth restriction—this information speed limit—mean in terms of our interactions with others? In order to understand one person speaking to us, we need to process 60 bits of information per second. With a processing limit of 120 bits per second, this means you can barely understand two people talking to you at the same time. Under most circumstances, you will not be able to understand three people talking at the same time. We’re surrounded on this planet by billions of other humans, but we can understand only two at a time at the most! It’s no wonder that the world is filled with so much misunderstanding.

With such attentional restrictions, it’s clear why many of us feel overwhelmed by managing some of the most basic aspects of life. Part of the reason is that our brains evolved to help us deal with life during the hunter-gatherer phase of human history, a time when we might encounter no more than a thousand people across the entire span of our lifetime. Walking around midtown Manhattan, you’ll pass that number of people in half an hour.

Attention is the most essential mental resource for any organism. It determines which aspects of the environment we deal with, and most of the time, various automatic, subconscious processes make the correct choice about what gets passed through to our conscious awareness. For this to happen, millions of neurons are constantly monitoring the environment to select the most important things for us to focus on. These neurons are collectively the attentional filter. They work largely in the background, outside of our conscious awareness. This is why most of the perceptual detritus of our daily lives doesn’t register, or why, when you’ve been driving on the freeway for several hours at a stretch, you don’t remember much of the scenery that has whizzed by: Your attentional system “protects” you from registering it because it isn’t deemed important. This unconscious filter follows certain principles about what it will let through to your conscious awareness.

The attentional filter is one of evolution’s greatest achievements. In nonhumans, it ensures that they don’t get distracted by irrelevancies. Squirrels are interested in nuts and predators, and not much else. Dogs, whose olfactory sense is one million times more sensitive than ours, use smell to gather information about the world more than they use sound, and their attentional filter has evolved to make that so. If you’ve ever tried to call your dog while he is smelling something interesting, you know that it is very difficult to grab his attention with sound—smell trumps sound in the dog brain. No one has yet worked out all of the hierarchies and trumping factors in the human attentional filter, but we’ve learned a great deal about it. When our protohuman ancestors left the cover of the trees to seek new sources of food, they simultaneously opened up a vast range of new possibilities for nourishment and exposed themselves to a wide range of new predators. Being alert and vigilant to threatening sounds and visual cues is what allowed them to survive; this meant allowing an increasing amount of information through the attentional filter.

Humans are, by most biological measures, the most successful species our planet has seen. We have managed to survive in nearly every climate our planet has offered (so far), and the rate of our population expansion exceeds that of any other known organism. Ten thousand years ago, humans plus their pets and livestock accounted for about 0.1% of the terrestrial vertebrate biomass inhabiting the earth; we now account for 98%. Our success owes in large part to our cognitive capacity, the ability of our brains to flexibly handle information. But our brains evolved in a much simpler world with far less information coming at us. Today, our attentional filters easily become overwhelmed. Successful people—or people who can afford it—employ layers of people whose job it is to narrow the attentional filter. That is, corporate heads, political leaders, spoiled movie stars, and others whose time and attention are especially valuable have a staff of people around them who are effectively extensions of their own brains, replicating and refining the functions of the prefrontal cortex’s attentional filter.

These highly successful persons—let’s call them HSPs—have many of the daily distractions of life handled for them, allowing them to devote all of their attention to whatever is immediately before them. They seem to live completely in the moment. Their staff handle correspondence, make appointments, interrupt those appointments when a more important one is waiting, and help to plan their days for maximum efficiency (including naps!). Their bills are paid on time, their car is serviced when required, they’re given reminders of projects due, and their assistants send suitable gifts to the HSP’s loved ones on birthdays and anniversaries. Their ultimate prize if it all works? A Zen-like focus.




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Product details

Paperback: 544 pages
Publisher: Dutton; Reprint edition (September 1, 2015)
Language: English


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Biography
Daniel J. Levitin is Founding Dean of Arts & Humanities at the Minerva Schools at Keck Graduate Institute (KGI) in California. He is also the James McGill Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Music at McGill University, Montreal. "This Is Your Brain on Music" , "The World in Six Songs", "The Organized Mind" and "A Field Guide to Lies" (republished in paperback as "Weaponized Lies") were all #1 best-sellers. His work has been translated into 22 languages. Before becoming a neuroscientist, he worked as a session musician, sound engineer, and record producer, contributing to records by Stevie Wonder, Steely Dan, Joni Mitchell, and Blue Oyster Cult. He has published extensively in scientific journals as well as music magazines such as Grammy and Billboard. Recent musical performances include playing guitar and saxophone with Sting, Bobby McFerrin, Rosanne Cash, David Byrne, Cris Williamson, Victor Wooten, and Rodney Crowell.

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Top Reviews

Michael Tapp

3.0 out of 5 stars If you have the patience, "Thinking, Fast & Slow" is more worth your timeReviewed in the United States on November 8, 2015
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Because we are more inundated with information than any of our ancestors being organized is a far more important trait than ever before. The Organized Mind is pretty much an updated version of Thinking, Fast and Slow for the information age. If you’re looking for the real source text I rec reading TF&S and Csikszentmihalyi’s Flow. Levitin
adds the equivalent of a Wired article on top of the knowledge already in TF&S and Flow.

In the end I got a lot out of this book and it’s going to change how I organize my day to day life. I’m a freelancer(ultimately I’m my own boss) and how I organize my time impacts how much money I take home. Ironically, this book could have been better organized. The author goes on a ton of tangents and the editor should have reigned him in more, but for me it was still worth the read. I rec the kindle version so you can make highlights(and the hardback version is comically large). I hope another author writes a book tackling the issue of staying on task in the Information Age. Social media platforms are designed to distract us and I don't think we are going to make any huge advancements as a species if we’re constantly checking our Twitter feeds.

90 people found this helpful

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Michael Book

1.0 out of 5 stars Another evolution book.Reviewed in the United States on November 21, 2018
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I was very disappointed that the whole premise of the way the author thinks our mind works is from an evolution over long periods of time. His faith in the process of complete random chance is greater than mine! I find the authors conclusions to be suspect and not sure how this book made any best sellers list. Suckers like me i guess.

16 people found this helpful

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katarinaism

4.0 out of 5 stars I found this book to be excellent at explaining how present-day society has led to information ...Reviewed in the United States on January 21, 2016
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I found this book to be excellent at explaining how present-day society has led to information overload. I'm in my mid-twenties, and recall growing up and perusing my parents' formidable library whenever I had a question for a school project. How times have changed! Levitin outlines how the internet has changed the way we take in and process information. We used to struggle to find information sources, requiring a trip to the library to check out a book and flick through the indices to look up certain topics. Now, information is a click away, searchable .pdfs and Ebooks are readily available, and the challenge now is not access to information (at least in most American households) but how to identify reliable sources and process information without getting overwhelmed. This ubiquity and sheer volume of digital information has helped greatly in terms of efficiency in research and in my case, the medical field, but the downsides are that unreliable information can be easily perpetuated, and that the Internet can often be a distracting place (though the potential wealth of knowledge is enormous).

Levitin puts words to my thoughts about modern society - one thing that struck me was his explanation of record collections and how they've been replaced by mp3's. He writes nostalgically about how the record collection used to be a reflection of the owner's personal interests and taste in music, and how it was a collated collection. He writes about how mp3's have replaced the record collection and that since the cost of mp3's is much lower than records and the physical space taken up by an mp3 is nonexistent (save for the device it is carried on), the threshold for someone to add a song to their 'collection' is much lower and people consume music in a much more ephemeral way. While I am of the age group that didn't really grow up on records, I can sort of relate as a child of the "mix CD" era and then later the "iPod/Zune era" which was replaced by the "iPhone/multimedia device" era and now the streaming era. In each subsequent phase, the idea and soul behind a music collection has been diluted from 'owning '(if you can ever own music) a record or song in a physical form, to having a digital file which served as a surrogate, and now to subscribing to a digital service where songs may be added to your playlist or are selected for you based on your preferences. I've had difficulty articulating/defending my fondness for my beloved Zune (which I kept from 2007-2014 until the screen finally shattered from an accidental drop) and now my iPod which serves the sole purpose of carrying my music and nothing else. I relish the idea of my music in one simple storage device, which may not sound convenient but from a neural perspective makes sense in that I use it if and only if I'm listening to music, and I do not use my other computers or devices to listen to music.

I also liked the tips in the book about how to organize oneself and the flashcard method of writing tasks down on a flashcard and flipping through them daily to see what needs to be done was appealing to me. In my profession as with many, there's an endless list of to-do's which pile up and can often be forgotten if they aren't immediately written down.

My only criticism of the book was that it sometimes uses a lot of medical terminology that can be confusing to the layperson. I'm a neurologist-in-training, so I found it to be right up my alley but I did notice that Levitin uses a lot of medical terms (ie., epigenetic, GABA) without always explaining through them.

However, overall, this was a thought provoking and fascinating book about how the brain processes information and how to best utilize our most powerful tool to focus on important information and tune out the noise.

28 people found this helpful

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Sunyata

1.0 out of 5 stars UselessReviewed in the United States on August 18, 2019
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This books read as if I just printed off the first 100 results of various Google searches and then dropped a huge stack of paper in front of you and walked out of the room. No real flow, repetitive. The way the information is presented does not connect with lived day-to-day experience in the slightest, and the book really makes no attempt to connect with the reader at all. I would actually say it is basically unreadable.

5 people found this helpful

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Kindle Customer

3.0 out of 5 stars Lots of information, not so well organized (!)Reviewed in the United States on May 27, 2015
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I enjoyed the book and learned many new ways to organize thinking. The author emphasizes the value of "outsourcing" knowledge outside of ourselves, in notes and other writings. It's okay to have a "junk drawer" where you keep things or ideas that can't be categorized elsewhere.

Ironically, the greatest flaw in the book is its organization - paragraphs and sections seem to just flow into each other, like a stream of consciousness. If only the author more carefully organized the sections according to ideas or other schemes, then it would have been easier to find topics later, and to know what to expect from each chapter. Instead, it seems a bit like a literary junk drawer.

24 people found this helpful

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a professor

5.0 out of 5 stars I feel a lot better about myself having read this bookReviewed in the United States on February 9, 2019
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The author explains how our brains work, how they become cluttered, and why multi-tasking and doing too much at once is not only bad for your brain but overwhelming. By a well know near-scientist who writes for lay people. Could be edited down a bit, but you can read it in short sittings so that is OK. I like his explanation of why I think I am loosing short term memory, but actually I am not. Just seems that way because I try to do too much. Brain overload. Too much electronic communication. Go for the zen.

5 people found this helpful

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R. Pearson

5.0 out of 5 stars One of my favorites finds if the year.Reviewed in the United States on January 3, 2018
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One of the best books I've stumbled upon in the last year. An eye opening and intriguing book filled with plenty of useful information. I encourage everyone to give it a chance and decide for oneself if it's the book for you. I would also like to say that it does need an update considering the rapid expansion of influence social media has on the masses.

6 people found this helpful

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jonahwell
3.0 out of 5 stars Interesting, but scattergunReviewed in the United Kingdom on March 27, 2017
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There is lots of information in this book. Ironically, it doesn't feel organised at all!

Sometimes it is a neuroscience textbook, talking about aspects of the brain and experiments in the field. Other times it is a self help book, telling you how to buy clothes.

It is still worth a read as there is lots of good content, but be aware that the links between the sections may catch you by surprise.

24 people found this helpful

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Blueberry
3.0 out of 5 stars A cluttered, disorganised book about sorting out clutter and being organisedReviewed in the United Kingdom on February 16, 2018
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This book had some very useful tips and interesting information in it, but you had to wade through pages and pages of irrelevant and repetitive text to get to it. With some decent editing this book could have been cut down to about a third, and be much more readable for it. I lost count of the number of times the author talked about most of us having a junk drawer where we keep things we have no other place for ...

10 people found this helpful

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G. Johnson
1.0 out of 5 stars Completely Misses the PointReviewed in the United Kingdom on January 2, 2020
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For a book that, in my view, is aimed at those that feel overwhelmed with the amount of information we have to process on a daily basis, Levitin sure likes to completely fail to get to the point in a direct, organised manner.
There seems to be no real flow or structure to the chapters. Instead page after page is filled with slightly patronising and endless examples that end up making you ask yourself what was the chapter about in the first place.
If I’m going to review a book based on the very purpose of what it is designed to achieve and educate the reader with, this is possibly the worst book I’ve ever read.
Completely ‘overloads’ you with information that could be more to the point, and funnily enough, is not at all organised.


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Mr Ali
2.0 out of 5 stars No coherent theme in the bookReviewed in the United Kingdom on January 23, 2016
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I could not make out anything from this book. The writer has anything what came in the mind and there is no organisation of the material.
I could not read all the book

10 people found this helpful

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wibbler
5.0 out of 5 stars It's a great book, wish I'd read it decades agoReviewed in the United Kingdom on July 25, 2019
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I was going to give the book 4 stars, except I've lost the book, just spent hours looking for it and as I can't find it can't comment further and don't want to mark down just because I have a disorganised mind. It's good enough that I'm going to ask for a replacement copy for Christmas.


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2020/01/11

1912 Quakers - SANTRM National Redress Scheme and AYM


Quakers - SANTRM - MfWfB - National Redress Scheme

RMSANT Clerk

Mon, Dec 30, 2019, 9:45 PM (12 days ago)

Friends,

It is not our normal practice to hold a Meeting for Worship for Business in January. However, we will hold a special MfWfB on Sunday January 12th, at 1 pm at the Meeting House, following a request from the AYM Presiding Clerk for regional meetings to meet before Standing Committee in mid-January in order to discuss AYM’s decision to join the National Redress Scheme for victims of child sexual abuse (NRS). It is important to understand that we may be liable for inappropriate activities that may have taken place on properties held or operated by Friends. An agenda will be published for consideration, prior to the meeting.



Please find attached:

Standing Committee Briefing Paper
National Redress Scheme
With kind regards


David Barry (Co-Clerk SANTRM)

0425 29 22 88



2 Attachments

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SANTRM – Meeting for Worship for Business Sunday January 12, 2020, at 1:00 pm Adelaide Meeting House


Friends,

As previously indicated, SANTRM is holding a special Meeting for Worship for Business to discern the right response to AYM’s proposal to join the National Redress Scheme (NRS). https://www.nationalredress.gov.au/

The National Redress Scheme is in response to the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.

The Commonwealth Government adopted the recommendation from the Royal Commission that the evidence base for the Redress scheme should be a ‘reasonable likelihood that abuse occurred’. Redress Scheme staff contacted the AYM Secretary to notify us that there were ‘claims against Quakers’. It has subsequently been clarified that the claims did not relate to The Friends’ School which had already joined the NRS. They are different claims.

Information provided by the NRS includes the following:

Under the Scheme an institution is considered responsible for child sexual abuse if “it was responsible for the abuser having contact with the child”.



Circumstances for determining an institution’s responsibility could include...if the abuse occurred on institutional premises; where activities of the institution took place; or in connection with the activities of the institution.2

We do not know how many claims have been made citing Quakers (individuals or Meetings) nor

what is being claimed. There may be one or several incidents relating to one or more Meetings over time. Information on claims is only provided once an organisation has gone through all the steps required to join the scheme.

Joining is voluntary. Many institutions have already joined as means to address mistakes in the past and of demonstrating a commitment to future child safety.

Organisations wishing to join the scheme have only until June 30th 2020 to complete the registration process. [Note: After June 30th 2020 organisations against which a claim has been made that have not joined the scheme will be listed publicly.]

Joining the scheme requires:


  • Confirming the organisational structure used for an application
  • Demonstrating our capacity to fund Redress
  • Providing current and historical information about all our Meetings (going back as best we can up to 100 years)
  • Completing an agreement to participate
  • Signing a memorandum of understanding
The discernments we must make at the special Meeting for Worship for Business are:

Does SANTRM agree to join the National Redress Scheme?
If so:
Who should be appointed to the role of National coordinator?

Who should be appointed within SANTRM to organise the required information gathering? (The Friend appointed can expect any necessary support from RM. For instance a letter authorising them to search the Archives etc.)


With kind regards

David Barry (Co-Clerk SANTRM)

0425 29 22 88





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SC12.19 Standing Committee Zoom Webinar Saturday December 14th 2019 

Briefing and background notes 

The webinar is designed to provide SC with background information to consider and discern: Should YM join the National Redress Scheme (NRS) for people who have experienced institutional child sexual abuse? The Government adopted the recommendation from the Royal Commission that the evidence base for the Redress scheme should be a ‘reasonable likelihood that abuse occurred’. 

Redress Scheme staff contacted AYM Secretary (JS) to notify us that there were ‘claims against Quakers’. JS clarified that the claims did not relate to The Friends’ School which had already joined the NRS. 

They are different claims. We do not know how many claims have been made citing Quakers (individuals or Meetings) nor what is being claimed. There may be one or several incidents relating to one or more Meetings over time. 

Information on claims is only provided once an organisation has gone through all the steps required to join the scheme. [The Government adopted the recommendation from the Royal Commission that the evidence base for the Redress scheme should be a ‘reasonable likelihood that abuse occurred’.] 

National Redress Staff at the Department of Social Services run two-hour webinars providing a comprehensive overview to the scheme. JS and AZ have both participated in an overview webinar. A day-long fuller briefing session must be done in person. JS has completed this. [I’ll ask her to speak about this session during the webinar.] 

What does YM need to do to join the scheme? Joining is voluntary. Many institutions have already joined as means to address mistakes in the past and demonstrating a commitment to future child safety. Organisations wishing to join the scheme have only until June 30th 2020 to complete the registration process. [Note: After June 30th 2020 organisations against which a claim has been made that have not joined the scheme will be listed publicly.] 

Roger Sawkins, Jacque Schultze and I will meet via Zoom this coming week to work through questions regarding the institutional structure and finances we would bring to frame and support the application. 

Joining the scheme now requires: 
o Confirming the organisational structure used for an application 
o Demonstrating our capacity to fund Redress 
o Providing current and historical information about all our Meetings (going back as best we can up to 100 years) 
o Completing an agreement to participate 
o Signing a memorandum of understanding 

RS, JS and AZ conferred with Nelson File regarding the resources and time required within The Friends’ School to join the scheme. 
They are considerable, Friends, and we need to be clear regarding what will be required of Friends in each Meeting, and work for the AYM Secretary should we join. The application will require significant time and co-ordinated responses from Australian Ffriends--worshipping groups, Local Meetings, Regional Meetings—providing timely, accurate information to the AYM Secretary to complete all data entry components required by the Commonwealth Department.

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the Peace Boat will dock in Port Adelaide on Monday, January 13

RMSANT Clerk

Sat, Jan 4, 9:39 AM (7 days ago)
to bcc: me
   
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Ffriends,

We are advised that the Peace Boat will dock in Port Adelaide on Monday, January 13, 2020 • 5:30 PM to 8:00 PM

image.png

The Peace Boat is dropping anchor in five Australian cities this January. Come aboard for a tour of this floating university and participate in an action-based workshop on nuclear issues. Listen, learn, discuss and activate! Whether it’s advocating to your local council, parliamentary representatives or super fund, now is the time to push for meaningful action.
The Port Adelaide edition will explore South Australian campaigns against nuclear waste and uranium mining as well as the movement for the nuclear weapon ban treaty. Your hosts are experienced nuclear-free activists and people directly impacted by the industry. 
The details of the evening workshop are outlined in the attached link.  Aboriginal Elder, Waniwa (Lucy) Lester, whose husband Lester was blinded following the nuclear testing in SA will be attending.

https://actionnetwork.org/events/all-aboard-peace-boat-workshop-in-port-adelaide?source=direct_link&&link_id=2&can_id=0591d301d1f07bd9c597f2d2a52b10cc&email_referrer=email_677908&email_subject=all-aboard-peace-boat-returns

In peace
David Barry (Co-Clerk SANTRM)
0425292288

"이건 아마겟돈"···'기후 재앙' 호주 산불, '기후 자살'은 아닐까 [정리뉴스]



"이건 아마겟돈"···'기후 재앙' 호주 산불, '기후 자살'은 아닐까 [정리뉴스]

"이건 아마겟돈"···'기후 재앙' 호주 산불, '기후 자살'은 아닐까 [정리뉴스]
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기사입력2020.01.10. 오후 6:06
최종수정2020.01.10. 오후 10:44
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원본보기호주 멜버른의 abc뉴스 니콜 애셔가 지난해 12월31일 트위터에 올린 사진. 애셔는 사진에 이렇게 덧붙였다. “이것이 지금 말라쿠타에서 벌어지고 있는 일이다. 엄마와 아이가 보트에 올라타 (불길로부터) 몸을 피했다. 사람들은 ‘시내에서 가스통 폭발하는 소리가 계속 들렸고, 많은 집들이 불에 탔다’고 설명했다.” | 니콜 애셔 트위터 캡처
사람들은 해변으로 달려갔다. 거센 불길이 마을을 덮쳤기 때문이다. 바다로 피신하라는 의미의 사이렌이 요란했고, 가스통들이 터지는 소리가 들렸다. 휴대폰 크기만한 불덩어리가 불쑥 불쑥 떨어졌다. 한낮인데 사방은 검고 붉었다. 불길은 나중엔 해안가까지 ‘진격’했고 일부는 배를 타야 했다. 열흘 전 호주 빅토리아주 말라코오타 해안가 마을에선, 이처럼 4000여명의 주민과 관광객들이 해안으로 달려가는 재난영화 같은 상황이 벌어졌다.

영국 일간 ‘가디언’에 따르면 말라코오타 주민들은 자신이 겪은 상황을 ‘아마겟돈’에 비유했다. 당시 가족들과 함께 배에 올라탔던 에이미 세비지는 BBC 기자에게 이렇게 말했다. “(얼마나 이러고 있어야 하는지) 알 수 없다는 것이 가장 무서웠다”


원본보기지난해 12월 31일 말라코오타 해안가에서 다시 배로 옮겨타 불길로부터 몸을 피한 주민들. 말쿠타|AFP연합뉴스
호주 대륙이 5개월째 불타고 있다. 그저 불길을 잡기 어려운 수준이 아니다. 피난행렬, 붉은 하늘, 군함까지 동원한 구조, 농장과 집을 지키려다가 사망한 사람들…. 호주의 시민들은 지금 ‘기후재앙’에 직면했다.

호주는 광활한 산림과 초목, 코알라와 캥거루를 연상시키는 국가이지만 실은 화석연료를 가장 많이 쓰는 나라 중 하나다. 소설가 리처트 플래너건은 뉴욕타임즈에 이렇게 기고했다. “지금 호주는 기후자살을 하고 있다(기고문 제목)” 기후변화를 외면한 응분의 대가를 치르고 있는 것 아니냐는 얘기다.

호주는 2016년 비영리단체들로부터 ‘기후악당국 4개국’ 중 한곳으로 지목됐는데 당시 이름을 나란히 올린 국가가 바로 한국이다. 지금도 호주나 한국이나 모두 기후대응 불량국가다. 독일 민간연구소 ‘저먼 와치’가 온실가스 배출량과 정부 에너지 정책 등을 반영해 내놓은 ‘기후변화대응지수’ 순위를 보면 58개국 중 호주는 53번째, 한국은 55번째다. 지금 한국사회가 호주에 벌어진 기후위기를 심각하게 받아들여야 하는 이유다. 호주 산불에 대해 우리가 알아야 할 것들을 정리했다.
원본보기호주 뉴사우즈웨일스주(NSW)의 나우라 지역에서 지난달 31일(현지시간) 현지 소방관들이 나무에 붙은 불을 끄기 위해 물을 뿌리고 있다. 나우라|AFP연합뉴스
■피해 동물 10억 마리… 일부는 멸종 위기에

호주 산불의 심각성을 가장 극명하게 보여주는 숫자는 ‘10억마리’라는, 헤아리기도 힘든 수준의 피해동물 규모다. 인간은 도망칠 수 있었지만 야생동물들은 불에 무방비로 노출됐다. 동물 10억마리가 피해를 입었을 것이란 추정은 시드니대 생태학자 크리스토머 딕먼이 내놓은 것으로 그는 이달 초까지만 해도 5억마리로 파악을 하고 있었다. 하지만 불이 호주 뉴사우즈웨일즈(NSW)주에서 빅토리아주로 번지며 추정치를 대폭 늘릴 수 밖에 없었다.

그러나 이마저도 정확한 규모가 아니다. 산불이 완전히 잡히기 전까지는 얼마나 많은 동물이 죽었는지 정확히 조사할 방법이 없다. 또 박쥐를 제외한 새와 파충류, 포유류를 포함하는 대신 곤충, 개구리 등은 제외돼 실제 숫자는 훨씬 많을 것으로 추정된다.


원본보기지난 5일 호주 뉴사우즈웨일스주(NSW)의 코바고 지역의 한 농장. 코바고|로이터연합뉴스
특히 호주의 상징인 코알라의 경우 산불 발생 이후 8000마리 넘게 목숨을 잃었다. 서식지의 80%가 파괴돼 전문가들은 코알라가 ‘기능적 멸종’ 상태에 들어갔다고 보고 있다. 기능적 멸종 상태는 특정 종의 개체 수가 너무 줄어 더 이상 생태계에서 역할을 하지 못하면서 장기적 생존 가능성이 낮다는 뜻이다. 코알라 외에 주 남동부에만 서식하는 회색머리날여우박쥐와 캥거루섬에서만 사는 유대류 동물 두나트도 떼죽음을 당했다. 가축도 예외는 아니다. 당국은 소 10만 마리가 이번 산불에 목숨을 잃을 것이라고 보고 있다. 송아지에게 젖을 먹이기를 멈춘 젖소가 늘었다는 보고도 나온다.


원본보기지난해 12월22일 호주 커들리 크릭 지역에서 코알라가 구조되는 모습. 물을 급하게 마시고 있다. 커들크릭|AP연합뉴스
전문가들은 이번 산불로 대륙 내 생물다양성이 파괴될 것을 우려한다. 호주는 세계 최대 생물다양성 중심지 중 하나다. 수백만 년 이상 고립돼 인간의 영향 없이 동물 진화가 이뤄지면서 독특한 생태계가 형성됐다. 약 244종의 포유류가 오직 호주에서만 서식한다. 호주 뉴잉글랜드대 생태학자 마누 손더스는 “숲에는 수백만의 개체가 있고, 수백 종의 생물들이 서로 의지해 살고 있다. 이것은 마치 사슬의 연결고리와 같아서 한 종을 잃으면 이와 연결된 다른 종들도 잃게 된다”고 말했다. 실제 보호식물이 사라진 일부 지역에서는 두나트 등 작은 동물들이 여우 등에 의해 희생되고 있다.


원본보기

호주에선 자원봉사자들이 나서서 불길에 갇힌 코알라를 구해내고 있다. 사진은 다친 코알라를 돌보고 있는 모습. 캥거루섬|EPA연합뉴스
호주 국립대학의 생태학자 사라 레지 또한 “수백 종의 생물이 이 산불의 영향을 받았다. 그 중에는 수십 종의 멸종위기종이 포함돼있다. 이 사건으로 인해 일부가 멸종 위기에 처할 것이며, 멸종되지 않는다 하더라도 이것은 그들에게 ‘끝의 시작’이 될 것”이라고 경고했다.

한편 덥고 건조한 날씨까지 이어지면서 소방당국은 불길을 잡는 데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 기상당국은 3월까지 평균보다 더 덥고 건조한 날씨가 계속돼 사태가 더 악화될 가능성이 있다고 보고 있다. 셰인 피츠시몬스 NSW주 산불방재청(RFS)장 또한 2월이 돼야 화재에 영향을 미칠 만큼 비가 내릴 것이라고 경고했다.

관련뉴스 보기>>

호주 산불 다섯 달째, 야생동물 10억마리 폐사…보호종 날여우박쥐 멸종위기

핏빛 하늘…호주 산불 “최악의 상황”

‘그을린 호주’ 어루만져주는 손길


원본보기지난해 12월31일 위성사진으로 본 호주 산불 모습. AP연합뉴스

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■왜 산불이 계속되나…기후변화에 의한 극강의 ‘고온건조’

호주에서 대규모 산불이 장기화되고 있는 것은 ‘이상기후’ 때문일 가능성이 높다. 호주는 현재 여름철이고 이 시기 원래 덥고 건조했지만, 최근에는 이례적인 수준의 고온건조함이 계속되고 있다. 불 나기 쉽고 끄기는 어려운 기후가 형성된 것이다. 호주와 맞닿은 인도양 해수면 온도의 변화, 약화된 남극진동 등 호주를 고온건조하게 만든 요인들에 대해 학자들은 기후변화와 관련이 있다는 분석을 내놓고 있다.


원본보기호주 기상청의 인도양 다이폴에 관한 설명 | 호주 기상청 유튜브 캡처
호주 대륙의 ‘건조함’를 심화시킨 요소 중 하나는 ‘인도양 다이폴(인도양 쌍극자·Indian Ocean Dipole)’이다. 인도양 다이폴은 인도양 동·서부의 수온이 주기적으로 바뀌는 현상을 말하는데 ‘양의 주기’에 들어서면 인도양 서부의 수온이 오른다. 이때 인도양 동부에 위치한 호주대륙에선 전국이 바짝 마르고 비가 거의 오지 않는다. 공기 중 수분이 인도양의 뜨거운 쪽으로 빨려들어가기 때문이다.

과학자들에 따르면 인도양 다이폴 현상은 최근 더 빈번해지고 심해졌는데, 그 이유로 지구온난화가 지목되고 있다. 미국의 해양과학자 캐롤라인 우멘호퍼는 지난해 11월 ‘가디언’지에 “지구가 뜨거워진 지난 50년 동안 인도양 다이폴이 더 일상화됐다는 연구결과가 있다”고 설명했다. 지난해 250만명이 침수 피해를 입은 아프리카의 대규모 홍수 역시 ‘인도양 다이폴’ 때문이라는 분석이 나온다. 홍수가 일어난 아프리카 지역들은 인도양 동부에 있다.


원본보기호주 기상청의 남극진동 관련 현상에 관한 설명 | 호주 기상청 유튜브 캡처
호주 산불을 악화시킨 또다른 요인은 ‘남극진동’이다. 남극과 북극에는 이곳의 찬 바람이 중위도 지역으로 흘러내려오지 못하게 하는 ‘바람 장막’이 띠의 형태로 둘러져 있는데, 이 장막의 세기가 주기적으로 달라지기 때문에 ‘진동’이라 부른다. (북극진동이 약화되면 한국엔 혹독한 추위가 몰려온다.)

바람 장막 반경이 줄어드는 남극진동 '음의주기'가 오면 호주 대륙은 뜨겁고 건조해진다. 멜버른 모나시대학 ARC기후변화센터 연구팀이 지난 37년간의 기후자료를 분석해 보니 남극진동이 약해질 때 호주 대륙의 고온·건조한 정도는 4~8배 심해졌다고 한다.

올해 남극진동의 세기는 약해졌는데, 그 결과는 극단적으로 나타났다. 여름 ‘초입’이었던 지난해 12월17일 호주의 전국 평균 기온은 섭씨 40.8도로 나타나 최고 기록을 경신했다. 그런데 이 기록은 다음날인 18일 곧바로 깨졌다. 그날의 전국 평균 기온은 41.8도였다. 호주의 뉴사우스웨일즈주립대 사라 퍼킨스 커크패트릭 교수는 미국 온라인 매체 ‘복스’와의 인터뷰에서 “기후변화가 아니라면 이렇게 심각한 고온 현상이 나타날 가능성은 아주 낮다”고 말했다. 최근 수년간의 극심한 더위 때문에 호주의 평균기온이 1910년보다 1도 올랐을 정도다(호주 기상청의 2018년 보고서).

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호주 뉴사우즈웨일스주(NSW)에서 산불 관련 기부 활동하고 있는 한 봉사자가 지난 5일(현지시간)물 확보의 어려움을 토로하며 눈물을 보이고 있다. 코바고|로이터연합뉴스

아직도 한가한 호주 정부

호주 정부는 이번 산불이 ‘기후 재앙’임을 외면하고 있다. 스콧 모리슨 총리는 산불과 기후변화의 연관성을 줄곧 부인해왔다. 지난해 11월 모리슨 총리는 둘 사이의 인과관계를 묻는 취재진 질문에 “오늘은 목숨을 잃은 사람들과 가족에 대한 생각 뿐”이라며 답변을 피했다. 마이클 맥코맥 부총리는 같은 질문에 “미쳐날뛰는 도심지의 좌파들(의 주장)”이라고 응수했다.

정부의 태도에 여론이 들끓었다. 모리슨 총리는 산불 발생 6개월 만인 지난달 12일 결국 기후변화가 산불의 원인 중 하나라고 인정했다. 그는 이날 기자회견에서 “이번 산불과 관련된 많은 기여 요인이 있다”며 “우리 모두 기후변화가 다른 요소와 함께 오늘날 일어난 일(산불)에 기여한 것을 알고 있다”고 했다. 그러면서도 “가뭄은 분명한 요인 중 하나이고, 가장 큰 것은 건조한 덤불”이라고 강조했다.

모리슨 총리는 왜 기후변화를 말하지 않을까. 지난해 11월 모리슨 총리의 발언에서 힌트를 얻을 수 있다. 당시 그는 기후변화 관련 집회를 금지해야 한다며 “그들이 이 나라의 광업에 해를 입히고 있다”고 말했다.


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호주 시민들이 지난달 19일(현지시간) 시드니에서 산불 사태 중 휴가를 떠난 스콧 모리슨 총리에게 항의하며 시위를 벌이고 있다. 시드니|EPA연합뉴스
호주는 현재 세계 최대 석탄 수출국이다. 호주가 수출하는 화석 연료의 온실가스 배출량은 전세계 배출량의 약 7%를 차지한다. 전문가들은 호주의 석탄산업이 기후변화를 앞당기고 있다며 석탄 의존도를 낮춰야 한다고 주장해왔다. 사상 최악의 산불이 발생한 이후 이 같은 목소리가 더 커졌다. 그러나 석탄 산업의 강력한 지지자인 모리슨 총리는 적극 방어에 나서고 있다. 그는 최근 한 방송에서 “전통적인 산업에서 벗어나 수천 명의 호주인들의 일자리를 빼앗는 일은 하지 않을 것”이라고 말했다. 호주 정부에 따르면 호주 석탄산업에 종사하고 있는 인구는 약 3만8000명이다.

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온실가스 배출량, 에너지 사용량, 기후변화 대응 정책 등을 종합한 ‘기후변화 대응지수’ 순위상 최하위국들. 꼴찌(61위)는 ‘미국’이고 호주는 56위, 한국은 58위다. (1~3위는 해당되는 국가가 없다) |GermanWatch 기후변화대응지수(CCPI) 홈페이지 캡처


그러는 사이 호주의 상황은 급속도로 나빠졌다. 지난달 초 발표된 ‘기후변화대응지수(CCPI) 2020’에서 호주는 전체 58개 국가 중 최하위 수준인 53번째에 이름을 올렸다. 한국은 55번째다. (순위로는 호주·한국 각각 56위, 58위다. 그러나 1~3위에는 해당하는 국가가 없다.)

호주 정부는 오는 2030년까지 온실가스 배출량을 2005년 수준보다 26~28% 줄일 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 전문가들은 그러나 이 수치가 파리기후협정의 목표 달성에 충분하지 않다고 주장한다.

가디언은 “2013년부터 호주 총리와 그 전임자들은 기후변화와 악화되는 산불 간 관련성을 지적하는 최소 18개 이상의 전문가 경고를 받았지만, 모두 무시했다”며 “모리슨 총리와 다른 정치인들은 기후 비상사태를 초래하는 배기가스 감소 조치를 취하지 않았을 뿐 아니라 예측된 재난적 상황에 적절하게 준비하지 못한 것이 분명하다”고 전했다.


원본보기지난해 12월31일 시드니에서 진행된 ‘불꽃놀이’ . 산불 재난이 계속되고 있음에도 정부가 불꽃놀이를 실시해 비판 여론이 일었다. 시드니|EPA연합뉴스
여기에 정부와 정치 지도자들의 안이함은 기름을 부었다. 모리슨 총리는 지난달 크리스마스 휴가를 하와이에서 보내다 여론의 뭇매를 맞고 급히 귀국했다. 그는 “끔찍한 산불로 피해를 본 호주인 누구든지 나의 휴가 때문에 불쾌해졌다면 깊이 유감”이라며 사과 성명을 발표했다. 야당인 노동당의 대표는 지난달 탄광마을을 찾아 석탄산업에 대한 지지를 표명했고, 최대 도시 시드니 정부는 “이럴 때가 아니다”라는 반대 여론에도 새해맞이 불꽃축제를 강행했다.

민심은 돌아서고 있다. 지난 2일 모리슨 총리는 산불 피해 현장인 NSW주의 한 마을을 찾았다 조롱과 야유를 받고 쫓기듯 현장을 떠났다. 주민들은 “당신은 아웃” “여기서 표를 얻을 생각 하지도 마, 이제 보수당에 표를 주지 않을 것”이라고 반응했다.


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재앙급 화재 중 미 하와이로 휴가를 가버린 스콧 모리슨 총리를 풍자하는 ‘밈’ . 휴양지에서 쓰는 화관을 쓰고 옷차림 역시 하와이풍이다.

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최민지·송윤경 기자 ming@kyunghyang.com