Bridging the gap between social and existential-mystical interpretations of Schleiermacher's ‘feeling’
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 February 2012
GORAZD ANDREJČ
Abstract
The article engages with two contemporary understandings of Schleiermacher's notion of feeling which are in important aspects in conflict:
- a social understanding (Kevin W. Hector and Christine Helmer) and
- an existential-mystical understanding (Thandeka).
Using the phenomenological category of ‘existential feelings’ drawn from the work of Matthew Ratcliffe, I argue that they can be brought into a coherent overall account that recognizes different aspects of feeling in Schleiermacher's work.
I also suggest that such an interpretation of Schleiermacher's concept of religious feeling offers
a different and better understanding of the role of feelings in religious experience and belief
than the contemporary ‘perception-model’ of religious experience.
Religious Studies , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 377 - 401
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412511000254[Opens in a new window]
CopyrightCopyright © Cambridge University Press 2012
References
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Marina, Jacqueline (2004) ‘Schleiermacher on the outpourings of the inner fire’, Religious Studies, 40, 125–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Proudfoot, Wayne (1985) Religious Experience (Berkeley CA: University of California Press).Google Scholar
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Religious Studies , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 377 - 401
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412511000254[Opens in a new window]
CopyrightCopyright © Cambridge University Press 2012
References
Ästhetik O: Ästhetik, ed. Odebrecht, Rudolf (Berlin: Walter de Guyter, 1931).Google Scholar
CF: The Christian Faith, ed. Mackintosh, H. R. & Stewart, J. S. (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1999).Google Scholar
Dial O: Dialektik 1822, ed. Odebrecht, Rudolf (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs Verlag, 1942). Reprinted in Friedrich Schleiermacher: Dialektik 1822. II, ed. Frank, Manfred (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2001).Google Scholar
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OR: On Religion: Speeches to its Cultural Despisers [a translation of the first, 1977 edition of the German text], 2nd edn, ed. Crouter, Richard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Adams, Robert M. (2005) ‘Faith and religious knowledge’, in Marina, Jacqueline (ed.) Cambridge Companion to Friedrich Schleiermacher (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 35–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Bowie, Andrew (1997) From Romanticism to Critical Theory: The Philosophy of German Literary Theory (London: Routledge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Bowie, Andrew (2003) Aesthetics and Subjectivity: From Kant to Nietzsche (Manchester: Manchester University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowie, Andrew (2005) ‘The philosophical significance of Schleiermacher's hermeneutics’, in Marina, Jacqueline (ed.) Cambridge Companion to Friedrich Schleiermacher (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 73–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, Richard B. (1968) The Philosophy of Schleiermacher: The Development of his Theory of Scientific and Religious Knowledge (Westport CT: Greenwood Press).Google Scholar
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Deigh, John (2004) ‘Primitive emotions’, in Solomon, Robert C. (ed.) Thinking about Feeling (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 9–27.Google Scholar
De Sousa, Ronald (2004) ‘Emotions: what I know, what I'd like to think I know, and what I'd like to think’, in Solomon, Robert C. (ed.) Thinking about Feeling (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 61–74.Google Scholar
Dole, Andrew (2010) Schleiermacher on Religion and Natural Order (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
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Frank, Manfred (1997) The Subject and the Text: Essays on Literary Theory and Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Frank, Manfred (2005) ‘Metaphysical foundations: a look at Schleiermacher's Dialectic’, in Marina, Jacqueline (ed.) Cambridge Companion to Friedrich Schleiermacher (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 15–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Goldie, Peter (2004) ‘Emotion, feeling and knowledge of the world’ in Solomon, Robert C. (ed.) Thinking about Feeling (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 91–106.Google Scholar
Grove, Peter (2004) Deutungen des Subjekts: Schleiermachers Philosophie der Religion (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grove, Peter (2010) ‘Symbolism in Schleiermacher's theory of religion’, in Sockness, B. W. & Gräb, W. (eds) Schleiermacher, the Study of Religion, and the Future of Theology (Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter), 109–120.Google Scholar
Hector, Kevin W. (2006) ‘Actualism and incarnation: the high Christology of Friedrich Schleiermacher’, International Journal of Systematic Theology, 8, 307–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hector, Kevin W. (2010) ‘Attunement and explication: a pragmatist reading of Schleiermacher's “theology of feeling”’, in Sockness, B. W. & Gräb, W. (eds) Schleiermacher, the Study of Religion, and the Future of Theology (Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter), 215–242.Google Scholar
Heidegger, Martin (1996) Being and Time, trans. Stambaugh, Joan (Albany NY: State University of New York Press).Google Scholar
Helmer, Christine (2003) ‘Mysticism and metaphysics: Schleiermacher and a historical-theological trajectory’, Journal of Religion, 83, 517–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helmer, Christine (2010) ‘Schleiermacher’, in Gunton, C. E. & Fergusson, D. A. S. (eds) Blackwell Companion to Nineteenth Century Theology (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell), 31–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herms, Eilert (1999) ‘Handeln aus Gewißheit. Zu Martin Heideggers Phänomenologie des Gewissens’, Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie, 41, 132–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herms, Eilert (2003) Menschsein im Werden: Studien zu Schleiermacher (Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck).Google Scholar
Hutto, D. D. & Ratcliffe, M. (eds) (2007) Folk Psychology Re-Assessed (Dordrecht: Springer).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, William (1985) Varieties of Religious Experience (London: Penguin Books).Google Scholar
Lamm, Julia (1994) ‘The early philosophical roots of Schleiermacher's notion of Gefühl, 1788–1794’, The Harvard Theological Review, 87, 67–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamm, Julia (1996) The Living God: Schleiermacher's Theological Appropriation of Spinoza (University Park PA: Pennsylvania State University Press).Google Scholar
Mackintosh, Hugh R. (1945) Types of Modern Theology: Schleiermacher to Barth (London: Nisbet).Google Scholar
Marina, Jacqueline (2004) ‘Schleiermacher on the outpourings of the inner fire’, Religious Studies, 40, 125–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marina, Jacqueline (2008) Transformation of the Self in the Thought of Friedrich Schleiermacher (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proudfoot, Wayne (1985) Religious Experience (Berkeley CA: University of California Press).Google Scholar
Proudfoot, Wayne (2010) ‘Immediacy and intentionality in the feeling of absolute dependence’, in Sockness, B. W. & Gräb, W. (eds) Schleiermacher, the Study of Religion, and the Future of Theology (Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter), 27–38.Google Scholar
Putnam, Hilary (2004) The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and Other Essays (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press).Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, Matthew (2008) Feelings of Being: Phenomenology, Psychiatry, and the Sense of Reality (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ratcliffe, Matthew (2010) ‘Phenomenology of mood and the meaning of life’, in Goldie, P. (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Emotion (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 349–471.Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, Matthew (2012) ‘The phenomenology of existential feeling’, draft of a chapter forthcoming in Marienberg, S. & Fingerhut, J. (eds) The Feeling of Being Alive (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter). Available: <http://durham.academia.edu/MatthewRatcliffe/Papers/571536/The_Phenomenology_of_Existential_Feeling> [6/7/2011].Google Scholar
Redeker, Martin (1973) Schleiermacher: Life and Thought (Philadelphia PA: Augsburg Fortress Press).Google Scholar
Rorty, Richard (1979) Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Smith, Quentin (1981) ‘On Heidegger's theory of moods’, The Modern Schoolman: A Quarterly Journal in Philosophy, 58, 211–236. Available: <http://www.qsmithwmu.com/on_heidegger's_theory_of_moods.htm> [2.11.2010].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, Robert C. (2003) Not Passion's Slave (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, Robert C. (ed.) (2004) Thinking about Feeling (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Solomon, Robert C. (ed.) (2009) ‘Emotions in phenomenology and existentialism’, in Dreyfus, H. L. & Wrathall, M. A. (eds) A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy) (Oxford: Blackwell), 291–309.Google Scholar
Sorrentino, Sergio (2010) ‘Feeling as a key notion in a transcendental conception of religion’, in Sockness, B. W. & Gräb, W. (eds) Schleiermacher, the Study of Religion, and the Future of Theology (Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter), 97–108.Google Scholar
Stocker, M. & Hegeman, E. (1996) Valuing Emotions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Strasser, Stephan (1977) Phenomenology of Feeling: An Essay on the Phenomena of the Heart (Pittsburgh PA: Duquesne University Press).Google Scholar
Swinburne, Richard (1991) The Existence of God (Oxford: Clarendon Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ten Kate, Laurens (2007) ‘Intuition of the other: an analysis of Anschauung in Schleiermacher's On Religion – with references to Kant’ [Part of a ‘triptych’: E. Borgman, L. Ten Kate, & B. Philipsen, ‘A triptych on Schleiermacher's On Religion’], Literature & Theology, 22, 393–404.Google Scholar
Thandeka (1992) ‘Schleiermacher's Dialektik: the discovery of the self that Kant lost’, The Harvard Theological Review, 85, 433–452.Google Scholar
Thandeka (1995) The Embodied Self: Friedrich Schleiermacher's Solution to Kant's Problem of the Empirical Self (Albany NY: State University of New York Press).Google Scholar
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References
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Schleiermacher on the outpourings of the inner fire: experiential expressivism and religious pluralismJacqueline Mariña
Philosophy
Religious Studies
2004
Both in the Speeches and in The Christian Faith Schleiermacher offers a comprehensive theory of the nature of religion, grounding it in experience. In the Speeches Schleiermacher grounds religion in… Expand
7
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Renewing the senses: conversion experience and the phenomenology of the spiritual lifeMark Wynn
Philosophy
2012
In his discussion of conversion experience, in The Varieties of Religious Experience, William James draws attention to a variety of experience which has not been much investigated in the philosophy… Expand
12
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Making Sense of MysticismMichael Daniels
Philosophy
2003
I define mysticism as the individual's direct experience of a relationship to a fundamental Reality . A review of the literature reveals many different conceptions and descriptions of mystical… Expand
7
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Deutungen des Subjekts: Schleiermachers Philosophie der ReligionPeter Grove
Philosophy
2004
This comprehensive study of Schleiermacher's theory of subjectivity and philosophy of religion presents an important contribution to the understanding of modern theology and philosophy. By following… Expand
4
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Toward a Revaluation of Schleiermacher's "Philosophy of Religion"L. Dupré
Art
The Journal of Religion
1964
SCHLEIERMACHER'S name is closely connected with the Romantic movement in Germany. He started writing under the impulse of Schlegel, was a great admirer of Novalis, and became thoroughly influenced by… Expand
2
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Intuitions of the Other: An Analysis of Anschauüng in Schleiermacher’s On Religion – with references to KantL. Kate
Art
2007
Part of a threefold publication: Erik Borgman, Laurens ten Kate, Bart Philipsen, A Triptych on Schleiermacher's On Religion, pp. 382-416; preface by L. ten Kate, p. 382. The following three texts… Expand
3
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The Early Philosophical Roots of Schleiermacher's Notion of Gefühl, 1788–1794Julia A. Lamm
Philosophy
Harvard Theological Review
1994
No single term has been so misunderstood or so debated in the history of Schleiermacher interpretation as Gefühl (“feeling”). The intensity of the controversy surrounding this term is testimony to… Expand
49
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Perceiving God: The Epistemology of Religious ExperienceW. Alston
Philosophy
1991
In Perceiving God, William P. Alston offers a clear and provocative account of the epistemology of religious experience. He argues that the "perception of God"-his term for direct experiential… Expand
245
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Schleiermacher, the Study of Religion, and the Future of TheologyBrent W. Sockness, W. Gräb
Philosophy
2010
This volume documents a significant meeting in the history of Schleiermacher studiesat which leading scholars from Europe and North America gathered to probe key features of Schleiermacher's… Expand
2
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The epistemology of religious experienceKeith E. Yandell
Philosophy
1993
Introduction: is our task impossible or impolite? Part I. The Experimental Data: 1. Religious experience, 'East' and 'West' Some basic epistemological concepts Part II. The Challenge from… Expand
44
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