2023/06/01

希修 - [단팥빵과 생일빵이 둘 다 Bread? ] . 종교, 과학, 정치/사회는 최대한 서로 분리하는 것이 좋다고

(1) 希修 - < 단팥빵과 생일빵이 둘 다 Bread? > . 종교, 과학, 정치/사회는 최대한 서로 분리하는 것이 좋다고... | Facebook

< 단팥빵과 생일빵이 둘 다 Bread? >
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종교, 과학, 정치/사회는 최대한 서로 분리하는 것이 좋다고 나는 생각한다. 사회정의의 실현을 위한 노력은 사회학이나 철학을 통해서도 충분히 고취시킬 수 있는데도 불구하고 종교적 가치를 굳이 사회문제에 끌고 오면, 종교와 정치가 구분되지 않는 몇몇 중동 국가들처럼 될 위험이 있다. 사랑, 평화, 청빈, 정직 등의 가치를 모든 개개인이 종교에서 가르치는 수준으로 실천하면 세상은 물론 훨씬 좋아지겠지만, 그렇다 해도 어디까지나 각자의 판단과 자율하에 개인적으로 할 일이다.
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종교집단이 사회참여에 너무 적극적이면 그 집단은 결국 정치세력이 되며, 종교집단의 사회적 영향력이 커지는 것은 매우 위험한, 양날의 칼이다. 달 때는 삼키고 쓸 때는 뱉고 그렇게 편리하게 이랬다 저랬다 할 수 없는. (세월호 문제를 교황에게 호소다니 이제 와 다시 생각해도 참담.) 타종교인의 개인적 삶을 자기 종교의 가치관에 비추어 간섭하는 무례도 결국 특정 종교 신자로서의 정체성만 있고 사회 구성원으로서의 시민의식은 결여되었기 때문인 것이고.
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애초부터 종교는 '진리'라고 하는, '인간의 감각을 초월하는 근본 법칙/원리'에 대한 추구이며, 그러므로 증명도 할 수 없는 것을 남에게 강제해서는 안 된다. 반면 과학은 인간의 감각으로 인지, 실험, 측정 가능한 것만을 인정하기에, '과학과 종교 중 무엇이 더 우월한가?'는 마치 헤밍웨이와 베토벤 중 누가 더 위대한지를 묻는 일과도 같다. 과학에서 입증되는 사실로써 진리를 가늠해 볼 수 있다고 혹자는 말할지 모르지만, 임산부에게 흡연을 권하고 모유보다 분유가 아기에게 더 좋다던 것이 불과 몇십 년 전의 '과학'이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 눈으로 확인 불가능한 것에 대한 서로 다른 가치관/믿음을 가진 개인들이 만나는 사회적 영역에선 감각으로 확인되는 것들, 즉 과학에만 충실하고 종교는 배제하는 것이 최선!일 뿐.
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강도에 의해 팔다리가 하나씩 잘려나가는 와중에조차 상대를 미워하면 안 된다는 부처님의 가르침 (MN 21)은 '도그마'여도 위험할 수가 도무지 없고, 아무리 자신들을 '사랑과 평화의 종교'라 부른들 다른 가치체계에 대한 살상과 방화를 정당화하는 내용을 무려 경전에 보존하는 집단이라면 아무리 자선사업에 열심이어도 장기적으로는 사회에 끼치는 해악이 더 클 수도 있다. 사람들을 내로남불에 젖어들게 하므로.
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자기 종교의 경전에서 타종교의 기물과 도시를 불태우라 했다고 그걸 실천하는 사람까지 이해해 주는 일은, 그 종교에 대한 ‘존중’이 아니라 ‘복종’이며 피해 종교에 대한 ‘박해’다. 개개인의 일상에 강제력을 행사하는 체제, 따르지 않을 자유가 없는 독재는 종교가 아니고 폭압적 정치 시스템일 뿐이다. 주고 받는 것이 동등하지 않은 관계를 '존중'이라 부르거나 단팥빵과 생일빵이 둘 다 bread라고 우기는 건 가스라이팅이다.
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"If a believer demands that I, as a nonbeliever, should observe his taboos in the public domain, he is not asking for my respect, but for my submission. 자기 종교의 금기를 비신자들조차 공적 영역에서까지 지켜야 한다고 주장하는 일은 존중이 아닌 복종을 요구하는 행위다." -- Flemming Rose
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Leaving the Faith (Rebroadcast): A Conversation with Yasmine Mohammed (Episode #298)
YOUTUBE.COM
Leaving the Faith (Rebroadcast): A Conversation with Yasmine Mohammed (Episode #298)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkBYbtAJmS8


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39,396 views  Sep 30, 2022  Making Sense Podcast: Episodes
Sam Harris speaks with Yasmine Mohammed about her book “Unveiled: How Western Liberals Empower Radical Islam.” 

They discuss her family background and indoctrination into conservative Islam, the double standard that Western liberals use when thinking about women in the Muslim community, the state of feminism in general, honor violence, the validity of criticizing other cultures, and many other topics.

This episode was released as part of The Best of Making Sense series on  Monday. 
However, given the ongoing protests and violence in Iran over the death of Mahsa Amini, listeners of The Best Of have found this conversation to be especially pertinent. As such, the full episode is being rebroadcast as a PSA on the public Making Sense podcast feed.

Yasmine Mohammed is a human rights activist and writer. She advocates for the rights of women living within Islamic majority countries, as well as those who struggle under religious fundamentalism. She is the founder of Free Hearts Free Minds, an organization that provides psychological support for ex-Muslims living within Muslim majority countries.

Website: YasmineMohammed.com


===

Yasmine Mohammed

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Yasmine Mohammed
Born
CitizenshipCanadian
Alma materUniversity of British Columbia
OrganizationFree Hearts, Free Minds
Known forWomen's rights advocacy, human rights advocacy, criticism of Islam
Notable workUnveiled: How Western Liberals Empower Radical Islam
Children2
Websiteyasminemohammed.com

Yasmine Mohammed is a Canadian university instructor, human rights activist and author. Mohammed, who escaped from a forced, abusive marriage to Al-Qaeda operative Essam Marzouk[1] and became an advocate for women's rights through her non-profit organization Free Hearts, Free Minds. She is a member of the Center for Inquiry Speaker's Bureau[2] and on the board of advisory for the Brighter Brains Institute.[3]

Through her initiative Free HeartsFree Minds she supports closeted ex-Muslims from Muslim-majority countries and co-ordinates an online campaign called #NoHijabDay against World Hijab Day. She also has a website and hosts an online series on YouTube called Forgotten Feminists.

Mohammed has been interviewed by Sam HarrisSeth Andrews, and several news outlets from multiple countries, and in 2019 self-published the book Unveiled: How Western Liberals Empower Radical Islam.

Family and early life[edit]

Yasmine's mother is Egyptian, the niece of former President Mohammed Naguib, and her father is Palestinian, born in Gaza. She was born in VancouverBritish Columbia.[4]

According to Mohammed's autobiography, her family lived a secular life until her father left when she was two, leaving her mother with three young children.[4] Yasmine's mother sought community and support from a local mosque, where she met a man who said he would support her. He was already married, with three of his own children, and Yasmine's mother became his second wife.[5][6] Yasmine was nine at the time,[7] and states that her mother's situation improved, because her new husband was not abusive towards her like her first husband was. However, Yasmine states in an interview with Sam Harris that her step-father was physically abusive towards her and her siblings. She stated that her mother became what could be described as a "born-again" Muslim, which changed Mohammed's life. She was no longer permitted to go outside to play with her friends and she had to pray five times per day.[5] She was forced to wear a hijab and was beaten for failing to memorize the Quran.[8] She started attending an Islamic school that was established in the mosque.[5] When she was 13, she told a trusted teacher about the abuse she was experiencing and showed him her bruises. The police were called and the case went to court, but Mohammed states that the judge ruled that because her family was Arab, they had the right to discipline her in that manner. She states that it made her feel that she didn't matter as much as other children due to this negligence from the Canadian authorities.[5]

Yasmine has often described the way she was raised as "evil".[4] She started wearing the niqāb at the age of 19, after being introduced to her future husband.[5]

Forced marriage to an Al-Qaeda operative[edit]

When Yasmine was 20, she was forced to marry Al-Qaeda operative Essam Marzouk, and had a daughter with him.[8][5] She later escaped the marriage to protect her daughter from the threat of female genital mutilation.[8] She changed their names and moved to a different city, as she was worried that her daughter would be kidnapped and raised a Muslim. Even though she believed her husband was in prison she remained frightened because he was a member of Al-Qaeda.[9][10] Following her escape, she secured student loans[5] and attended the University of British Columbia, where she took a history of religion class and started to examine Islam more critically for the first time.[11]

Activism[edit]

No Hijab Day
..a day to support brave women
...who want to be free from the hijab.
Women who want to decide for themselves
what to wear or what not to wear on their heads.
Women who fight against
either misogynist governments that will imprison
them for removing their hijab
or against abusive families and communities
that will ostracize, abuse and even kill them.

– Mohammed, Yasmine.
"Support Muslim women in fight against hijab".
Toronto Sun - 2 February 2019[12]

Yasmine decided to start speaking out after she watched Ben Affleck and Sam Harris debate Islam on Real Time with Bill Maher.[8][9] She has criticized both Islam and the left - that she accuses of inadvertently enabling radical Islam through their work to fight Islamophobia.[9] Mohammed is a vocal opponent to the practice of wearing a burka or hijab, as well as attempts to promote its use, viewing the hijab as "a tool of oppression, a garment that perpetuates rape culture". To protest against World Hijab Day, she promoted the hashtag #NoHijabDay as a social media extension of a campaign launched by Maryam Namazie and the Council of Ex-Muslims.[8][13][14]

Yasmine also raised money to accommodate Rahaf Mohammed, an asylum seeker who fled to Canada from Saudi Arabia to escape her abusive family.[15] According to Erich J. Prince, Mohammed has become a frequent commentator on Islam's relationship with the West, particularly in Canada.[16]

Yasmine was a witness at the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage on November 8, 2017 regarding the inclusion of the word Islamaphobia in Motion 103. She indicated that the motion's aim is "...to quell bigotry against human beings." but she argued that the term “Islamophobia” does not protect Muslims but protects the ideology of Islam.[17] Mohammed was one of several witnesses that cautioned committee members to not be in a rush to legislate because of an "increasing public climate of hate and fear." Mohammed and other witnesses recommended that existing laws need to be enforced and strengthened to curb hatred and discrimination for all Canadians and not just one group of Canadians.[18]

In 2017, Yasmine contributed an essay called Unholy Alliance: Why do left-wing Americans support right-wing Muslims? to SEDAA: Our Voices, a platform that features writers of Muslim Heritage, where she writes about her story and issues facing ex-Muslims.[19]

According to the Jerusalem Post, Mohammed is a significant voice in the ex-Muslim community, speaking to audiences worldwide.[8]

No Hijab Day[edit]

Yasmine is the founder of the hashtag campaign called No Hijab Day or Free From Hijab Day celebrated on February 1, a hashtag campaign to raise awareness about the girls and women who want to take off their hijabs but cannot or who have already taken it off and are facing the consequences thereof.

Free Hearts, Free Minds[edit]

Yasmine founded a non-profit organization called Free Hearts, Free Minds that helps ex-Muslims living in Muslim-majority countries with state-sanctioned death penalties for leaving Islam.[8] The organization provides psychological counselling for people leaving Islam, especially focusing on providing services to women from Saudi Arabia and LGBT individuals from the Muslim world.[11]

Forgotten Feminists[edit]

Yasmine is also a host of the online series "Forgotten Feminists", a series interviewing women about their experiences upon leaving Islam.[citation needed]

Publication[edit]

Mohammed wrote a memoir titled Unveiled: How Western Liberals Empower Radical Islam. that was self-published on 25 September 2019.[16] She received two years of rejection letters before being convinced by Sam Harris to self-publish.[20] The memoir outlines her upbringing in a fundamentalist, Islamic household in Canada, her step-father beating the bottoms of her feet for not reciting her prayers correctly, being married against her will to an Al-Qaeda operative, her escape and subsequent activism.[16]

In an interview with Seth Andrews, host of The Thinking Atheist podcast, Andrews questioned her choice of title. Because not all western liberals empower radical Islam, he thought the title could have been Unveiled: How Many Western Liberals Empower Radical Islam. Mohammed responded that a more accurate title for the book could have been How Some Western Liberals Unintentionally Empower Radical Islam but this would not have captured sufficient attention.[21]

Personal life[edit]

Yasmine has since remarried and has two daughters, one from her first marriage and one from her second.[9] She severed ties with her mother after her mother threatened to kill her because she wouldn't wear hijab anymore and because she had become a non-believer.[11]

Bibliography[edit]



===









2023/05/31

Taechang Kim "新しい文明を開く新しい経営学"

Facebook: Taechang's post Taechang Kim   · All reactions:17You, 崔明淑, Philo Kalia and 14 others 3 comments Like Comment Comments Taechang Kim
·




文明と経営
村田晴夫著

定価 4,180円(税込)本体3,800円
A5判上製 340頁
2023年1月23日発行

経営学は新しい文明を開くことができる!

本書は、現代文明が人間性、文化多元性、環境に関わる三大問題を内包すると指摘する。これらは、近代以降の文明の特徴である機械論の論理に起因する「具体性置き違いの誤謬」(ホワイトヘッド)によって生じる。それは「生きている」世界を極度に抽象化するため、著者は「有機体の哲学」に立脚し、具体性をとりもどす新しい経営学の方法を示す。

主要目次

序 章 〈文明と経営〉―新しい文明を開く新しい経営学―
第1部 転機に立つ現代文明―その経営学的諸相への展開―
第1章 近代文明の転機と経営学の成立
第2章 〈文明と経営〉、その新しい理論に向けて
第3章 〈文明と経営〉、その哲学的展望―経営学における具体性とは何か―
第2部 現代文明が抱懐する三大問題―人間性、文化多元性、環境の問題―
第4章 人間協働と自由、そして組織の文明論的平安について
第5章 責任経営文明の探求―人間・社会・自然における企業の地位―
第6章 組織と時間ー具体性を置き違える文明を批判せよ―
第3部 未来の文明と経営学
第7章 経営学の未来
第8章 有機体の論理―バーナード理論から見えるその可能性―
結 章 組織倫理学とは何か―平和に向けて〈文明と経営〉を考える―
付録1 アルフレッド・ノース・ホワイトヘッド
付録2 フォレットの経営思想―「分断の時代に説かれる「統合」の思想」―
付録3 バーナード理論と有機体の論理
付録4 組織倫理学の構想


Taechang Kim

一読しながら注目した語と文たち.
"新しい文明を開く新しい経営学" ( p. 2 )
"方法論的個人主義から方法論的有機体主義への転換"
( p. 3. )
"方法論的有機体主義はホワイトヘッドの '有機体の哲学'
を踏まえた学の方法であって、研究対象は有機体、つまり生き物、と考えるところから出発する. '有機体'(いきもの) をどのように表現するか、いろいろ模索が続いたが 全体性、能動性、過程性の三条件で説明すれば十分であることに気づかされたのである. バーナードの
人間観、フォレットの '創造的経験' から全体性と能動性、フォワイトヘッドからは過程性を含めて、それらのすべてを、というように...."( p. 4.)
"わたくし(著者)の主張あるいは予想は '現代文明は構造化の時代に入った' というものである. 近代文明の危機は
次の三つの問題から迫ってくる. 1地球環境問題、2平和の問題、そして3人間の問題. それらの諸問題が生起した原因は近代文明それ自体の有りよう、現代企業文明にある. それゆえ、近代文明の基礎を変えて、方法論的有機体主義を基盤に据えた文明を導入しなければならない." ( p. 7 )
"文明は次の五種類の '質' に
おいて一定の条件を満たすものを言う. 五種類の '質' :
真、美、冒険、芸術、平安
peace. ( p. 12. )
"いわゆる善は美に従属する.
真的美Truthful Beautyが重要である. ( p. 13 )
ホワイトヘッドの有機体の哲学は、<現実に存在するものはすべて、主体が諸多manyの客体をひとつoneに
統合する過程として実在する> するということを基本とした宇宙観として打ち立てられた. これを簡単に、物的極と心的極の統合プロセスという. ( p. 14 )

-----

"<文明> という名辞は、人々の社会生活の様式として現れるものの総体に対して与えられているのであり、したがってそれを生み出すことを可能にする社会の力こそ文明の本質であるといわなければならない. そのような社会の力は <知> と <技> に基づいており、生活の形式を基礎として構築された社会の諸洋式となって現れる. 文明は <知> と<技> に基づくといわれた. <知> と
<技> の結合を効果あらしめるのは人間の <考える>力である. すなわち文明は人間の最も人間らしい機能 '考える'
という特徴によって生成発展した社会生活、環境のシステムである. ここで社会生活といっているのは、生活の私的な部分を除いた公的な部分を強調するためである. しかし考える力は必要であっても、文明を豊かなものへと導く力はそれのみではない. <美>へと通じるあの
情的知、美的直観といった
美的センスもまた重要な役割を担うのではなかろうか...文明の特質には真理と美に加えて、それらの一体化ともいうべき、あるいは真理性と美の融合ともいうべき境地への開けもまたけいけんされるところであ
る." (p. 32. )

不 然 其 然 (불연기연) : 네이버 블로그

不 然 其 然 (불연기연) : 네이버 블로그

동경대전 20개의 글동경대전목록열기


不 然 其 然 (불연기연) 동경대전

2017. 8. 7. 17:50
https://blog.naver.com/yoon7042/221068792570


不 然 其 然 (불연기연)

歌曰 而千古之萬物兮 各有成各有形 所見以論之則 其然而似然 所自以度之則 其遠而甚遠 是亦杳然之事 難測之言 我思我則 父母在玆 後思後則 子孫存彼 來世而比之則 理無異於我思我 去世而尋之則惑難分於人爲人 ①

노래하기를… 천고의 만물이여, 각각 이룸이 있고 각각 형상이 있도다. 보는 바로 말하면 그렇고 그런듯하나 그 부터 온 바를 헤아리면 멀고도 심히 멀도다. 이 또한 아득한 일이요 헤아리기 어려운 말이로다. 나의 나 된 것을 생각하면 부모가 이에 계시고, 뒤에 뒤 될 것을 생각하면 자손이 저기 있도다. 오는 세상에 견주면 이치가 나의 나 된 것을 생각함에 다름이 없고, 지난 세상에서 찾으면 의심컨대 사람으로서 사람된 것을 분간키 어렵도다.

噫 如斯之忖度兮 由其然而看之則 其然如其然 探不然而思之則 不然于不然 何者 太古兮 天皇氏 豈爲人 豈爲王 斯人之無根兮 胡不曰 不然也 世間 孰能無父母之人 考其先則 其然其然又其然之故也 ②

아! 이같이 헤아림이여. 그 그러함을 미루어 보면 기연은 기연이나 그렇지 않음을 찾아서 생각하면 불연은 불연이라. 왜그런가. 태고에 천황씨는 어떻게 사람이 되었으며 어떻게 임금이 되었는가. 이 사람의 근본이 없음이여, 어찌 불연이라고 이르지 않겠는가. 세상에 누가 부모 없는 사람이 있겠는가. 그 선조를 상고하면 그렇고 그렇고 또 그런 까닭이니라.

然而爲世 作之君作之師 君者以法造之 師者以禮敎之 君無傳位之君而法綱何受 師無受訓之師而禮義安效 不知也不知也 生以知之而然耶 無爲化也而然耶 以知而言之 心在於暗暗之中 以化而言之 理遠於茫茫之間 ③

그렇게 세상이 되어서 임금을 내고 스승을 내었으니 임금은 법을 만들고 스승은 예를 가르쳤느니라. 임금은 맨처음 자리를 전해준 임금이 없건마는 법강을 어디서 받았으며, 스승은 맨처음 가르침을 받은 스승이 없건마는 예의를 어디서 본받았을까. 알지 못하고 알지 못할 일이로다. 나면서부터 알아서 그러함인가, 자연히 화해서 그러함인가. 나면서부터 알았다 할지라도 마음은 어두운 가운데 있고, 자연히 화했다 해도 이치는 아득한 사이에 있도다.

夫如是則 不知不然故 不曰不然 乃知其然故 乃恃其然者也 於是而揣其末 究其本則 物爲物理爲理之大業 幾遠矣哉 況又斯世之人兮 胡無知胡無知 ④

무릇 이와 같은 즉 불연은 알지 못하므로 불연을 말하지 못하고, 기연은 알 수 있으므로 이에 기연을 믿는 것이라. 이에 그 끝을 헤아리고 그 근본을 캐어본 즉 만물이 만물되고 이치가 이치된 큰 일이 얼마나 먼 것이냐. 하물며 또한 이세상 사람이여, 어찌하여 앎이 없는고, 어찌하여 앎이 없는고.

數定之幾年兮 運自來而復之 古今之不變兮 豈謂運豈謂復 於萬物之不然兮 數之而明之 記之而鑑之 四時之有序兮 胡爲然胡爲然 山上之有水兮 其可然其可然 赤子之穉穉兮 不言知夫父母 胡無知胡無知 斯世人兮 胡無知 聖人之以生兮 河一淸千年 運自來而復歟 水自知而變歟 耕牛之聞言兮 如有心如有知 以力之足爲兮 何以苦何以死 烏子之反哺兮 彼亦知夫孝悌 玄鳥之知主兮 貧亦歸貧亦歸 ⑤

수가 정해진지 몇해런고, 운이 스스로 와서 회복되도다. 예와 이제가 변치 않음이여, 어찌 운이라 하며 어찌 회복이라 하는가. 만물의 불연이여, 헤어서 밝히고 기록하여 밝히리라. 사시의 차례가 있음이여, 어찌하여 그리 되었으며 어찌하여 그리 되었는고. 산 위에 물이 있음이여, 그것이 그럴 수 있으며 그것이 그럴 수 있는가.

갓난 아기의 어리고 어림이여, 말은 못해도 부모를 아는데 어찌하여 앎이 없는고. 어찌하여 앎이 없는고. 이세상 사람이여, 어찌하여 앎이 없는고. 성인의 나심이여, 황하수가 천 년에 한번씩 맑아진다니 운이 스스로 와서 회복되는 것인가, 물이 스스로 알고 변하는 것인가. 밭가는 소가 사람의 말을 들음이여, 마음이 있는 듯 하며 앎이 있는 듯 하도다. 힘으로써 족히 할 수 있음이여, 왜 고생을 하며 왜 죽는가.

가마귀 새끼가 도로 먹임이여, 저것도 또한 효도와 공경을 알고, 제비가 주인을 앎이여, 가난해도 또 돌아오고 가난해도 또 돌아오도다.

是故 難必者不然 易斷者其然 比之於究其遠則 不然不然 又不然之事 付之於造物者則其然其然 又其然之理哉 ⑥

이러므로 기필키 어려운 것은 불연이요, 판단하기 쉬운 것은 기연이라.

먼데를 캐어 견주어 생각하면 그렇지 않고 그렇지 않고 또 그렇지 않은 일이요, 조물자에 부쳐 보면 그렇고 그렇고 또 그러한 이치인저.


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