2023/06/25

Emissaries of Divine Light - Wikipedia

Emissaries of Divine Light - Wikipedia

Contents hide
(Top)
History
Toggle History subsection
Beginnings
Development under Lord Martin Cecil's leadership
Transition after Lord Exeter's death
Recent history
Sunrise Ranch
Creative Field Project
Teaching and practices
Toggle Teaching and practices subsection
Overview
The One Law
Attunement
Leadership
Major centers
Publications
See also
References
External links


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Emissaries of Divine Light

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Emissaries of Divine Light is an intentional community initiated by Lloyd Arthur Meeker in 1932.[1] The foundational premise of the network is that human beings' true qualities can only be known as they are expressed in practical daily living.[2]

History[edit]

Beginnings[edit]

Lloyd Arthur Meeker was born on February 25, 1907.[3] By 1929 he had already begun to experiment with Attunement.[4] Emissaries of Divine Light dates its origin to Meeker’s spiritual awakening on September 16, 1932. On three successive evenings, Meeker had been compelled to write and, as he did so, he was said to have experienced a higher spiritual awareness that flowed through him. He reported that he had been looking for a teacher but realized through his awakening that the teacher he sought was within him.[5]

Meeker lectured, taught, and practiced Attunement in various locations in North America from 1929 to 1945.[6] He wrote under the pen name Uranda, and he was known to his followers by that name. In 1945 Meeker established his headquarters at Sunrise Ranch, which was a dryland farm at the time.[7] From 1952 to 1954 he conducted six-month Servers Training School classes at Sunrise Ranch, teaching Attunement and the spiritual understanding behind the practice, as well as practical spirituality.[8][9] These classes were attended by people from many backgrounds and included GPC (God-Patient-Chiropractor) chiropractors, led by a former Major League Baseball pitcher, George Shears, and others.[10]

In 1954 Meeker died in a plane crash in San Francisco Bay with his wife, Kathy Meeker. A close associate of Meeker’s, Albert Ackerley, and two children also died in the crash.[11] Lord Martin Cecil (1909-1988), who had worked closely with Meeker, assumed the responsibility for leading Emissaries of Divine Light from 1954 until he died in 1988.[11] Lord Martin succeeded his older brother to become The 7th Marquess of Exeter in October 1981.

Development under Lord Martin Cecil's leadership[edit]

Lord Martin Cecil was the second son of William Cecil, 5th Marquess of Exeter and was descended from William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, chief adviser to Queen Elizabeth I.[12][13] He led a ranching operation on his family’s property in the Cariboo country of British Columbia.[14] In 1948, Cecil formed a spiritual community at 100 Mile House, BC.[15] On the death of his brother, David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter, in October 1981, he became The 7th Marquess of Exeter and a member of the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. However, he never spoke in the House.[16]

Under Lord Martin's leadership, the network grew to about 4,000 adherents.[17] Many young people, disenchanted with the Vietnam War and inspired by the idealism of the 1960s and ’70s, were drawn to his message and the network that was growing around him. Twelve centers developed around the world, and numerous other nonprofit organizations were birthed by participants in Emissaries of Divine Light.[18] These included an outdoor adventure educational organization, Educo; an association of spiritually based business people, Renaissance Business Associates; an association of media professionals, Association for Responsible Communication; an association of educators, Renaissance Educational Associates; and Emissary Foundation International.[19][20][21]

Bill Bahan became an important leader and teacher for Emissaries of Divine Light in the ’60s, ’70s, and early ’80s, offering classes at Sunrise Ranch; Epping, New Hampshire;[18] and Livingston Manor, New York.[22] He was a nephew of George Shears, D.C., leader of the G-P-C Chiropractic Movement. Bill and his brother, Walter Bahan (also active in the Emissary program), along with three other brothers (all five chiropractors), operated the Bahan and Bahan Chiropractic Clinics in Salem and Derry, New Hampshire, using GPC principles.[23] Bill founded the Whole Health Institute, an association of healthcare professionals promoting wholistic health.[24][25] They hosted conferences and lectures around the world, and published the journal Healing Currents. In Bill's words, "Health is the unhindered expression of life through the body, truth through the mind, and love through the heart."

Transition after Lord Exeter's death[edit]

When Lord Exeter died in January 1988, his son, Michael Cecil, 8th Marquess of Exeter (formerly known as Lord Burghley), became the leader of Emissaries of Divine Light until he left the organization in 1996.[26] In that eight-year period, much of the leadership left the organization, including most of the children of both Lloyd Arthur Meeker and Martin Cecil, 7th Marquess of Exeter, who had been prominent in the network. From 1988 to 1996, more than two-thirds of the participants in Emissaries of Divine Light left as well.[17][26] Many ex-members became bitter about their experience and launched accusations against the organization. One member, Robert Coates, even began playing football in one of the group's most sacred spaces.[27][28]

As the 8th Marquess of Exeter resigned from his position in 1996, a group of trustees assumed responsibility for the leadership of the network. They set in place ethical guidelines throughout the network and addressed grievances brought to them by participants. They sought to bring the universal truths taught by Lloyd Arthur Meeker into contemporary language and practice.

Recent history[edit]

In the 1990s, Emissaries of Divine Light developed new programs for spiritual understanding and personal development. Deepening Spiritual Expression and The Opening are week-long residential programs that are still offered by the organization.[29] They also developed Attunement Practitioner certification training, which is available at many Emissary centers.

In August 2004, the trustees of Emissaries of Divine Light named David Karchere as the leader of the global network. In 2008, David Karchere and Jane Anetrini developed and taught a year-long leadership program based on the teachings of Emissaries of Divine Light. A second session of the program was conducted in 2009 and 2010.[30] In 2012 they initiated a new series of seminars under the title Practical Spirituality: An Operator’s Guide to Being Human, led by David Karchere.[31]

Sunrise Ranch[edit]

The headquarters of Emissaries of Divine Light was established in 1945 at Sunrise Ranch in Loveland, Colorado, now a conference and retreat center staffed by a community of eighty-five people.[32][33] Sunrise Ranch hosts workshops, seminars and retreats intended to offer the participants fresh thinking and understanding, leading to a direct experience of spiritual renewal.[34] There are seven other major centers around the world for Emissaries of Divine Light, each offering programs with a similar approach.[17]

Sunrise Ranch also offers residential work-study programs in practical spirituality, which it defines as the application of universal spiritual principles to the common issues of human life.[35] These include a program designed for personal spiritual renewal, called Full Self Emergence, and a Permaculture Design Course for people interested in sustainable human systems and sustainable agriculture.[34][36]

Creative Field Project[edit]

The trustees of Emissaries of Divine Light lead the Creative Field Project.[37] The project is an exploration of the power of human intention to influence the field of energy held by a group of people. The Creative Field Project began in 2009 with a network of small groups around the world that meet monthly by telephone. It included the first Creative Field Conference in 2011 at Sunrise Ranch that featured Lynne McTaggart, who wrote The Field; and American priest and theologian Matthew Fox.[38] In 2012, Emissaries of Divine Light joined with the Novalis Ubuntu Institute in Cape Town, South Africa, to host the Creative Field Conference—South Africa: Your Destiny Is Calling.[39]

Teaching and practices[edit]

Overview[edit]

The mission of Emissaries of Divine Light, as cited in its articles of incorporation, is to assist in the spiritual regeneration of humanity under the inspiration of the divine spirit.[40] Meeker saw the work of the Emissaries as an approach to spirituality that transcends physical and mental disciplines, and offers human beings the opportunity to experience their true identity by giving expression to the qualities of spirit that align with their divine nature.[41]

Emissaries of Divine Light teach that the key to creative living is the individual’s openness to the source of universal power and intelligence within them, and that human emotions either connect a person to that source or cut them off from it.[42] The educational programs of the Emissaries are designed to assist people to find out what has been emotionally triggering them, so that they can withdraw their emotional attention from the trigger and turn it to the life force within them.[43] The Emissaries believe that behind all emotions is the universal power of love and a universal intelligence that bring spiritual enlightenment. They teach that through deliberate conscious thought a person can let their own emotional current purify, so that they open themselves to the flow of the universal power and intelligence within them.[44]

The One Law[edit]

The central teaching of Emissaries of Divine Light is referred to as The One Law. They describe it as a law of cause and effect.[45] They see the causative factor in spiritual regeneration as the universal power and intelligence within all people, and the effect in human experience as dependent on the response to that internal reality.[46] They describe the creative process in human experience as the working of The One Law in a sequence of five stages: radiation, response, attraction, union and unified radiation.[47] Their seminars claim to assist people to withdraw their energetic response from the circumstances around them and direct it to the power and intelligence within them.[48]

Emissaries of Divine Light describe the process of personal spiritual renewal as Full Self Emergence because they believe that a person is renewed when their own divine selfhood is expressed through their mind, emotions and their body.[49] They use the story of the Seven Days of Creation in Genesis as a symbolic template for the process of spiritual renewal in the life of the individual, and for humankind as a whole.[50]

Attunement[edit]

Attunement is a central practice of Emissaries of Divine Light. The origin of the word Attunement refers to the attuning of the human capacity with the universal animating spirit within all people.[51] Attunement practitioners believe that positive shifts in consciousness release a healing energy through a person’s body, mind and emotions.[52]

Emissaries of Divine Light practice Attunement as a form of energy medicine.[53] Attunement practitioners believe that universal life energy is conveyed to the client through the hands of the practitioner. The primary contact points for the client receiving the Attunement are the endocrine glands. Attunement practitioners teach that the endocrine glands are portals for universal life energy that operates through the physical body, and through the mental and emotional function of the individual.[54]

Emissaries of Divine Light also teach Attunement as a personal spiritual practice.[55] They believe it is a central factor in the conscious evolution of humanity.[56]

Leadership[edit]

Emissaries of Divine Light is led by David Karchere, who is the spiritual director of the organization, and six other trustees.[57] Karchere lives, writes and teaches at Sunrise Ranch, and travels in North America, Europe, Africa and Australia, offering programs on practical spirituality and Attunement.

The trustees are elected by an International Emissary Congress with representatives from Emissary organizations around the world. Currently, the trustees are Jane Anetrini, Ruth Buckingham, Hugh Duff, David Karchere, Marilyn Manderson, Phil Richardson and Maureen Waller.[58]

Major centers[edit]

In addition to their international headquarters at Sunrise Ranch, Emissaries of Divine Light used to operate Glen Ivy in Corona, California, as a conference and retreat center and an Attunement teaching center. Glen Ivy is also a natural mineral springs. The Emissaries leased the mineral springs and the spa property adjacent to their center to Glen Ivy Hot Springs, a popular destination in Southern California.[59] The property was sold in 2016.

These are the major centers for Emissaries of Divine Light around the world:[35]

  • Edenvale, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
  • Gate House, Constantia, South Africa
  • Riverdell, Gawler, South Australia, Australia
  • Sunrise Ranch, Loveland, Colorado, USA

Publications[edit]

Beginning in the 1930s, Emissaries of Divine Light have continually published their writings and teachings and circulated these to their membership. In 1936, Lloyd A. Meeker published his seven-week meditation guide, Seven Steps to the Temple of Light, as well as his correspondence course, Steps to Mastership.[60][61] In the 1980s, Martin Cecil published eighteen volumes of his own writing and the writings of Lloyd Meeker under the title The Third Sacred School.[62]

For most of its history, weekly talks and writings of Emissary leadership have been distributed by regular mail. Since 2005, the organization has circulated a weekly e-mail message, The Pulse of Spirit, authored by David Karchere and other current leaders of the network.[63] In 2010 they began to publish the Journal of the Creative Field.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Miller, Timothy (2005). Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature. New York, NY: Continuum International Publishers. p. 595. ISBN 1847062733.
  2. ^ Cecil, Martin (1968). As of a Trumpet. Loveland, Colorado: Eden Valley Press. p. 13.
  3. ^ Van Duzen, Grace (1996). The Vibrational Ark. Loveland, Colorado: Eden Valley Press. pp. 1, 2. ISBN 0-932869-05-X.
  4. ^ Layne, Laurence (2008). Keepers of the Flame: A History of Attunement. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-9771193-3-2. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  5. ^ Van Duzen, Grace (1996). The Vibrational Ark. Loveland, Colorado: Eden Valley Press. pp. 13–15. ISBN 0-932869-05-X.
  6. ^ Layne, Laurence (2008). Keepers of the Flame: A History of Attunement. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. pp. 14–28. ISBN 978-0-9771193-3-2. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  7. ^ Van Duzen, Grace (1996). The Vibrational Ark. Loveland, Colorado: Eden Valley Press. pp. 78–80. ISBN 0-932869-05-X.
  8. ^ Laurence, Layne (2006). The Spiritual Nature of the Physical Body. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-9771193-0-1. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  9. ^ Meeker, Lloyd A. (1952). The Divine Design of Man. Loveland, Colorado: Universal Institute of Applied Ontology.
  10. ^ Layne, Laurence (2008). Keepers of the Flame: A History of Attunement. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. pp. 19–22. ISBN 978-0-9771193-3-2. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  11. Jump up to:a b "The Sunrise Ranch Cemetery". The USGenWeb Project. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  12. ^ Stewart, John; Favrholdt, Ken (10 October 2019). "100 Mile House"The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada.
  13. ^ Foster, Chris (1989). One Heart, One Way. Denver, Colorado: Foundation House Publications, Inc. p. 33. ISBN 0-921790-00-7.
  14. ^ "Emissaries of Divine Light". Encyclopedia of BC. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  15. ^ Hexham, Irving; Townsend, J.B.; Townsend, Joan; Poewe, Karla (16 December 2013). "New Religious Movements"The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada.
  16. ^ "Mr William Cecil (Hansard)".
  17. Jump up to:a b c Pitzer, Donald E. (1997). America's Communal Utopias. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. p. 459. ISBN 0807846090.
  18. Jump up to:a b Starrs, Tom. "Rhythms of Home: Perspectives on a Communal Lifestyle". Fellowship for Intentional Community. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  19. ^ Van Duzen, Grace (1996). The Vibrational Ark. Loveland, Colorado: Eden Valley Press. p. 395. ISBN 0-932869-05-X.
  20. ^ "Educo International Alliance". Educo Leadership Adventures. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  21. ^ "Alan Hammond". The Transcendent Nation Foundation. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  22. ^ Lyons, Richard D. (July 25, 1981). "Catskills Rewakening After a Long Sleep"New York Times. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  23. ^ Harris, Ken. "Bill Bahan: A life of victory, a legacy of love & inspiration". Life Chiropractic College West. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  24. ^ Wilkinson, Bill (1986). Attunement With Life. Loveland, Colorado: Eden Valley Press, Inc. p. 27. ISBN 0-932869-05-X.
  25. ^ Layne, Laurence (2008). Keepers of the Flame: A History of Attunement. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-9771193-3-2. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  26. Jump up to:a b Todd, Douglas (September 29, 2003). "Leader left Divine Light behind him"Vancouver Sun. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  27. ^ Cummings, Michael. "Tale of Two Communes: A Scholar and His Errors". Fellowship for Intentional Community. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  28. ^ Karchere, David. "My View of Cults". Emissaries of Divine Light. Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  29. ^ "Emissaries of Divine Light". Answers.com. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  30. ^ "Leadership Program". Emissaries of Divine Light. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  31. ^ "Practical Spirituality: An Operators Guide to Being Human". Emissaries of Divine Light. Archived from the original on April 12, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  32. ^ Butcher, A. Allen. "Inclusive Association of Intentional Communities" (PDF). Fourth World Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  33. ^ Pitzer, Donald E. (1997). America's Communal Utopias. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. p. 460. ISBN 0807846090.
  34. Jump up to:a b "Sunrise Ranch". Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  35. Jump up to:a b Cummings, Michael S. (2003). Encyclopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual World. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc. p. 445. ISBN 0761925988.
  36. ^ Kozeny, Geoph. "Intentional Communities: Lifestyles Based on Ideals". Fellowship for Intentional Community. Archived from the original on May 12, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  37. ^ "The Creative Field Project". Emissaries of Divine Light. 6 June 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  38. ^ "Dr. Matthew Fox: Ushering in the Next Stage". The International Society for the Study of Subtle Energies and Energy Medicine. Archived from the original on May 10, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  39. ^ "Jennifer Ferguson in the limelight". The Chronicle, Cape Town, RSA. March 21, 2012.
  40. ^ "Emissaries of Divine Light -- About Us". Emissaries of Divine Light. Archived from the original on May 8, 2012. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  41. ^ Cecil, Martin (1977). The Third Sacred School. Loveland, Colorado: Emissaries of Divine Light. pp. 291–295.
  42. ^ Meeker, Lloyd A. (1988). The Third Sacred School, Volume 8, Health, Healing and Attunements Part 2. Emissaries of Divine Light. pp. 475–479.
  43. ^ Cecil, Martin (1993). The Third Sacred School, Vol. 14, The Oneness of Heaven and Earth. Loveland, Colorado: Emissaries of Divine Light. pp. 105–110.
  44. ^ Karchere, David. "The Kingdom Within". Emissaries of Divine Light. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  45. ^ Henderson, Jaclyn Stein (1998). The Healing Power of Attunement Therapy: Stories and Practice. New Delhi, India: New Dawn: A Division of Sterling Publishers (P) Ltd. pp. 255–256. ISBN 81-207-2442-9.
  46. ^ Layne, Laurence (2008). Attunement: The Sacred Landscape. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. pp. 23, 24. ISBN 978-0-9771193-2-5. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  47. ^ Layne, Laurence (2008). Attunement: The Sacred Landscape. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. pp. 24–17. ISBN 978-0-9771193-2-5. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  48. ^ "Practical Spirituality". Emissaries of Divine Light. 20 February 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  49. ^ "Full Self Emergence". Emissaries of Divine Light. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  50. ^ Meeker, Lloyd A.; Cecil, Martin (1983). The Third Sacred School, Vol. 6, Creation IV:Seven Days, Seven Spirits. Loveland, Colorado: Emissaries of Divine Light.
  51. ^ Henderson, Jaclyn Stein (December 2002). The Healing Power of Attunement Therapy: Stories and Practice. New Delhi, India: New Dawn: A Division of Sterling Publishers (P) Ltd. p. 21. ISBN 81-207-2442-9.
  52. ^ Wilkinson, Bill (1986). Attunement With Life. Loveland, Colorado: Eden Valley Press, Inc. pp. 25, 26. ISBN 0-932869-05-X.
  53. ^ Laurence, Layne (2006). The Spiritual Nature of the Physical Body. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-9771193-0-1. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  54. ^ Laurence, Layne (2006). The Spiritual Nature of the Physical Body. St. Augustine, Florida: Health Light Publishing Company. pp. 61–72. ISBN 978-0-9771193-0-1. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09.
  55. ^ "The Attunement Guild". Emissaries of Divine Light. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  56. ^ Meeker, Lloyd A. (1985). The Third Sacred School, Vol. 7, Health Healing and Attunements Part 1. Loveland, Colorado: Emissaries of Divine Light. pp. 367–370.
  57. ^ "David Karchere". Emissaries of Divine Light. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  58. ^ "Emissaries of Divine Light Leadership". Emissaries of Divine Light. 11 August 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  59. ^ Colby, Anne (May 9, 2010). "The Venerable: Glen Ivy Hot Springs Spa"Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  60. ^ Meeker, Lloyd A. (2010). Seven Steps to the Temple of Light. Loveland, Colorado: Emissaries of Divine Light. ISBN 978-0-932869-08-1. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  61. ^ Meeker, Lloyd A. (1936). Steps to Mastership. Emissaries of Divine Light.
  62. ^ Meeker and Cecil (1980–1991). The Third Sacred School, Volumes 1-18. Loveland, Colorado: Emissaries of Divine Light. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  63. ^ "The Pulse of Spirit". Emissaries of Divine Light. Retrieved May 15, 2012.

Emissaries of Divine Light | Encyclopedia.com

Emissaries of Divine Light | Encyclopedia.com



Emissaries Of Divine Light
Views 2,114,889  Updated


Emissaries of Divine Light

The Emissaries of Divine Light is an international spiritual community founded in 1932 by Lloyd Arthur Meeker, then a resident of Tennessee. He had for several years been giving focused consideration to the meaning of life which finally led him on an inner search and to a realization that he was responsible for the quality of his life experience. 

He came to the conclusion that humans were created to manifest the divine design. 
God is thus the focus of all beingness. 
Distortions in life appear when evil influences (fear, hate, anger, etc.) gain control of the mind. 
However, humans have the power to choose which influences they will allow to influence their mind.

Meeker began to write his conclusions under the pen name Uranda
He was soon joined by a young colleague, Lord Martin Cecil (d. 1988), who became head of the Emissaries following Meeker's death in a plane crash in 1954. Meeker had established the main U.S. center of the movement, Sunrise Ranch, in 1945 in Loveland, Colorado. Cecil opened the primary Canadian center at 100 Mile House in British Colombia.

The Emissaries now exists through 12 communal centers scattered around the globe, and in more than one hundred teaching centers, each managed by a small group of people affiliated with the movement. They offer classes and workshops that assist people in remembering their own divine nature. 

One method for doing that is "The Opening," a seminar/workshop experience that introduces individuals to 
  • their divine identity, 
  • the universal principles that govern life, and 
  • the nature of the invisible realm. 

Meeker also developed a unique healing process called Attunement, a non-touch healing technique that attempts to restore the spiritual element to the healing process. It begins in the harmonization of the healer, the patient, and the source of all being.

The Emissaries may be contacted through its American headquarters at 5569 N. Country Rd. 29, Loveland, CO 80537. It has an Internet site at http://www.emissaries.org.


Sources:
  • Cecile, Martin. Being Where You Are. New Cannaan, Conn.: Keats Publishing, 1974.
  • ——. On Eagle's Wings. New York: Two Continents Publishing Group, 1977.
  • Exeter, Martin. Thus It Is. Denver, Colo.: Foundation House Publications, 1989.
  • Layne, Laurence. Attunement: The Sacred Landscape. St Augustine, Fla.: The Florida School of Attunement and Natural Healing, 1998.

조성환 - 공동체를 넘어 공생체로 - 동북아 평화공생체 구축을 위한 이론적 탐구 - 대학지성 In&Out

공동체를 넘어 공생체로 - 동북아 평화공생체 구축을 위한 이론적 탐구 - 대학지성 In&Out

공동체를 넘어 공생체로 - 동북아 평화공생체 구축을 위한 이론적 탐구
조성환 원광대학교·한국철학
승인 2023.06.24 

[학술대회]




지난 6월 10일 군산대학교에서 범한철학회와 원광대학교 동북아시아인문사회연구소의 공동 주최로 “공동체를 넘어 공생체로: 미래 공생을 위한 철학의 연대”를 주제로 학술대회가 열렸다. 범한철학회(회장 김성환)는 1986년에 창립되어 동서양을 아우르는 전국 규모의 철학 학회이다. 동북아시아인문사회연구소(소장 김정현)는 2017년에 시작된 원광대학교 HK+사업단으로, ‘동북아 공동번영을 위한 동북아시아다이멘션(NEDA) 토대 구축’을 아젠다로 연구를 수행 중이다.

이번 학술대회의 주제는 동북아시아인문사회연구소의 올해 연구 주제인 <동북아시아 평화공생체 구축>과 연계해서 기획되었다. 동북아시아인문사회연구소에서는 필자를 포함하여 세 명의 발표자가 참여하였다. 발표의 취지는 종래의 공동체 개념이 지니는 한계를 지적하고, 그 대안으로 ‘공생체’ 개념을 제시하면서, 거기에 담긴 철학적 의미를 고찰하는 것이었다. 세 명의 발표 내용을 간략히 소개하면 다음과 같다.


범한철학회 김성환 회장의 개회사

▶ 먼저 한국종교를 연구하는 허남진은 「공동체에서 공생체로: 동북아시아 공동체 담론의 철학적 배경」을 주제로 발표하였다. 그 요지는 다음과 같다.

알라딘: 불교와 그리스도교 깊이에서 만나다 이찬수 2003

알라딘: 불교와 그리스도교 깊이에서 만나다



불교와 그리스도교 깊이에서 만나다 
이찬 수 (지은이)
다산글방2003-12-10

목차
제1부 서양을 동양으로 포섭하다 : 쿄토학파
제2부 허무의 극단까지 가다 : 니시타니 케이지의 주요 사유를
제3부 불교와 그리스도교, 깊이에서 만나다

Taechang Kim | 仏教-キリスト教間対話

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Taechang Kim

イチャンス教授の特講題目が宗教神学となっているのには、もしかしたら専門分野である仏教-キリスト教間対話よりももっと幅の広い
宗教-神学-平和(学、研究、運動)に関わる問題提起になるかも知れないという予想が生じて、過去にいろんな
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“예수는 유일한 구세주인가?” 피터 판 신부 초청 열린토론회

“예수는 유일한 구세주인가?”
 
종교
“예수는 유일한 구세주인가?”

써니2022 2008. 11. 23



[교회] “예수는 유일한 구세주인가?” -아시아신학연대센터 피터 판 신부 초청 열린토론회 

글쓴이: 지금여기

조회수 : 175

08.10.22 10:22http://cafe.daum.net/cchereandnow/L7iH/486

취재: 지금 우리 교회

“예수는 유일한 구세주인가?”

-아시아신학연대센터 피터 판 신부 초청 열린토론회 열어

입력 2008.10.22. 한상봉 http://cafe.daum.net/cchereandnow 가톨릭인터넷언론 지금여기
===
지난 10월 15일 서울 정동 프란치스코회관 1층 성당에서 ‘지금여기, 구원은 어떻게?’라는 주제로 특별한 토론회가 열렸다. 이 날 토론은 피터 판 신부와 천주교의 정양모 신부, 개신교의 이현주 목사, 불교의 도법 스님이 이야기 손님으로 참석하고 길희성 교수의 사회로 진행되었다.

우리신학연구소 부설 아시아신학연대센터(CATS)에서 초대한 피터 판 신부는 베트남 출신 신학자로서 아시아인으로서는 처음으로 미국가톨릭신학회 회장을 역임했으며, 아시아주교회의연합(FABC)에서도 활발한 활동을 벌여왔고, 현재 미국의 조지타운 대학교 신학부 석좌교수로서 신학을 가르치면서 종교간 대화와 토착화의 문제를 아시아의 관점에서 연구하고 있다.




왼쪽부터 피터 판 신부, 길희성 교수, 도법 스님, 이현주 목사, 정양모 신부

예수는 여러 구원자 가운데 하나인가?

‘종교간 대화와 예수 그리스도가 보편적이고 유일한 구세주라는 주장에 관하여’ 발제를 맡은 피터 판 신부는 종교간 대화를 가로막는 중요한 신학적 문제는 “자기 종교 창시자가 유일하고 보편적인 구원자라는 확신”이라고 밝혔다. 예수밖에 구원자가 없다고 믿는 이들 배타적 그리스도인들은 개종시키는 일을 의무로 여기고 있다. 한편 예수 외에 다른 구원자의 가능성을 배제하지 않지만 결국 다른 구원자들은 예수보다 못하거나 예수에게 의존한다고 믿는 게 포괄주의다. 그리고 예수는 단지 세계 역사상 수많은 구원자 가운데 하나일 뿐이라고 믿는 게 ‘종교다원주의자’다.

판신부에 따르면, 종교 다원주의는 모든 인간 지식을 역사-문화적 산물로 보거나 신을 절대신비로 본다고 한다. 그들은 월프레드 캔트웰 스미스의 견해에 따라, 각 종교는 신에 대한 상(像)을 갖고 있는데, 이 상을 절대시하면 ‘우상’이 된다고 본다. 야기 세이치의 말마따나, 예수와 우리 사이에는 근본적인 차이가 없으며, 다른 점이 있다면, ‘부활한 예수’나 ‘하느님의 아들’로 불리는 예수는 우리보다 더 철저한 방식으로 하느님의 현존을 깨달았다는 것이다. 한편 아시아신학자인 피어리스는 유일성과 보편성에 관한 주장은 신앙적인 것이며, 중요한 것은 가난한 이들을 위한 실천이라고 본다. 즉, 폴 니터처럼 가난한 이들의 해방에 얼마나 기여했는지가 시금석이 된다는 것이다.

따라서 파니카의 경우엔 종교간 대화에서 자신의 근본적인 신앙에 관하여 일시적으로 판단을 중지해야 한다고 주장하는데, 판신부는 판단중지가 종교현상 연구에는 괜찮지만 종교간 대화에는 적절치 않다고 말한다. 왜냐하면 자신의 가장 깊은 종교적 믿음을 유보한 채 이루어지는 대화는 사소하고 하찮은 것에 대한 공허한 수다가 될 수 있기 때문이다.

한편 판신부는 예수가 유일하고 보편적이라고 말하는 것과 그리스도교가 유일하고 보편적이라고 말하는 것은 다르다고 본다. 그래서 포도나무와 가지들처럼 예수와 교회 역시 밀접하게 얽혀있지만 동일하지 않으며, 이런 구분이 모호해지면 우상숭배에 빠질 수 있다고 말한다. 교회는 하느님과 인간, 인간과 인간 사이의 친교를 드러내는 ‘성사’라는 것이다. 실제로 그리스도인들은 예수를 믿고 경배하지, 그리스도교를 믿거나 숭배하는 것은 아니라고 밝혔다. 그러나 기본적으로 판신부는 포괄주의적 입장에서 자기 종교전통을 충분히 확신하는 가운데 다른 종교전통과 대화를 나눔으로써 영적 유산과 사회적 기여에서 더욱 풍요로와질 수 있다고 본다.

예수는 하느님을 독특하게 체현하신 분

패널로 참가한 정양모 신부는 “예수 그리스도를 보는 관점에 따라 종교간의 대화가 쉬울 수도 있고 어려울 수 도 있다”고 보았다. 예수 그리스도를 예언자, 타고난 도사로 보면 비교적 대화가 쉬울 것이나, 예수를 신으로 내세우게 되면 아무래도 타종교 창시자들보다는 여러 수 위라는 말이 되어서 종교간 대화가 어려워질 것이라고 말했다. 이 자리에서 정신부는 “개인적으로는 예수를 하느님으로 보는 신조를 버린 지가 오래”라고 밝혔다.

정신부는 사람이란 인류의 위대한 현자에 대해서 자꾸 존칭을 붙이기 마련인데, 예수 역시 부활을 체험한 이들이 그분에 대한 사랑과 존경이 흘러넘쳐서 유대와 헬레니즘 세계에 있던 극존칭을 모두 드렸고, 마침내 100년 경에 요한계 문헌을 쓴 사람들이 ‘예수는 하느님이다’라는 존칭을 준 것이라고 말한다. 이러한 진술은 공관복음서에는 없고, 다만 요한 복음서 1장 로고스 찬가와 토마스의 입에 담아놓은 요한복음 20장 28절 신앙고백문에만 나온다는 것이다. “325년 니케아에서 지중해 주교 350명이 예수가 하느님이냐 사람이냐 절반은 사람이고 절반은 하느님이냐 라고 논쟁하다가 2명만 빼고 모두 ‘예수는 하느님이다’라고 정하고, 콘스탄티누스 대제가 여기에 이의를 단 사람은 유배를 보내버렸다”고 한다. 정신부는 그후 교회에서 한 번 예수에게 극존칭을 주고는 후퇴를 못하고 있다고 말한다. 정양모 신부는 ‘예수는 하느님’이라는 진술은 로고스 찬가라는 노래 안에 들어있는 “시적인 언어”이며, 사랑고백 같은 “고백언어”라고 말한다. 사랑하는 마음이 발동하면 과장하게 되어 있다는 것이다. 예수는 하느님이라기보다 하느님을 온전히 드러내신 분이라 하는 게 옳다는 것이다.



정양모 신부. 토론회가 열리는 성당 벽면으로 부활하신 예수상이 또렸하다.


모든 종교는 결국 버려야 할 뗏목

한편 도법스님은 “불교에서 말하는 종교는 가장 보편적인 가르침”이며 “불교라는 종교에 국한 된 것이 아니고 이 세상 누구나가 알아야 할 실천해야 할 내용이 되는 가르침”이라고 말한다. “기독교인이 되든 불교인이 되든 서양인이든 동양인이든 진보든 보수든, 동서고금, 남녀노소 모두에게 적용되는 근본적이고 위대하고 보편적인 가르침이라서 종교에는 어떤 벽도 있을 수 없다”고 하였다. 그리고 불교에서도 초기불교에서는 인격화된 개념이 별로 없지만, 후기에 대승불교의 화엄경처럼 인격화된 개념을 사용되기 시작한다고 말한다. 즉 초기에는 진리 법이라고 표현하던 것이 나중에는 ‘청정법신(淸淨法身)’이라고 표현되기도 한다는 것이다. 도법 스님은 이게 말만 보면 다르지만 사실은 같은 이야기를 하고 있는 것이라고 한다.

또한 감기에는 감기약이 설사에는 설사약이 더 좋듯이, 어느 하나만을 절대화시킬 수는 없다고 말한다. “부처님의 가르침은 삶의 문제를 풀어내는데 목적이 있기 때문에 만약 걸림돌이 되면 부처님의 가르침도 버리라고 가르친다”는 것이다. 즉, “종교도 강을 건너는 나룻배와 같아서 강을 건너고 나면 버려야 한다”고 말한다.

개신교 신자에서 사람이 되기까지

이현주 목사는 “내가 개신교 신자라고 하면 신부님과 다른 종교니까 대화를 해야 하지만, 내가 ‘기독교인’이라고 하면 같은 편이니까 대화할 필요가 없다. 만약에 나한테서 ‘기독교인’이라는 것이 떨어져서 그냥 ‘교인’이라고 한다면 같은 종교인이라서 도법스님과 나는 하나가 된다”고 말하면서, 모두가 다른 게 없이 한 식구이며 한 울타리 안에 사는 것이라 한다. “어쩌다가 ‘교인’이라는 말도 떨어지고 ‘사람’만 남으면 제가 가는 마지막 길”이며, 각자 자기 종교에 충실하고, 스승의 가르침을 성심껏 따른다면 다른 종교와의 대화는 아주 저절로 되는 것이 아닌가?“ 물었다.







피터 판 신부는 패널들과 토론회 참석자들의 질의응답을 지켜본 뒤에 “그리스도 없이도 참다운 인간성을 실현시킬 수 있는가?”라는 질문에 대하여 “사실 자체를 보라”고 주문하였다. 기독교인보다 훨씬 더 성스럽고 거룩한 불자들이 많다는 것이다. 추상적으로 불교라는 교리에 대해 말하지 말고 불자들을 보는 게 필요하다고 말한다. 판신부는 베트남에서 어머니를 모시고 절에 자주 갔었는데, 불상 앞에서 절을 하고 불전함에다 보시를 하는 어머니에게 “ 어머니, 부처님 앞에서 기도를 많이 하셔도 돈은 교회에다 많이 하세요”라고 말했더니, 어머니 말씀이 “부처님은 상당히 거룩하신 분”이라고 하셨단다. 판신부는 “물론 부처님이 예수님을 알 리가 없죠. 그렇지만 내가 아는 것은 부처님은 그리스도를 모르고서도 참다운 인간이라고 할 수 있다는 것입니다.” 하였다.
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