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Full text of "English Book Of Enoch By R. H. Charles"

Full text of "English Book Of Enoch By R. H. Charles"

Book of Enoch

Translated by R.H. Charles, 1917 

CHAPTER 1 

1. The words of the blessing of Enoch, wherewith he blessed 

the elect and righteous, who will be living in the day of 

tribulation, when all the wicked and godless are to be removed. 

2. And he took up his parable and said--Enoch a righteous 

man, whose eyes were opened by God, saw the vision of the 

Holy One in the heavens, which the angels showed me, and 

from them I heard everything, and from them I understood as I 

saw, but not for this generation, but for a remote one which is 

for to come. 

3. Concerning the elect I said, and took up my parable 

concerning them: The Holy Great One will come forth from 

His dwelling, 

4. And the eternal God will tread upon the earth, even on 

Mount Sinai, And appear from His camp, And appear in the 

strength of His might from the heaven of heavens. 

5. And all shall be smitten with fear, And the Watchers shall 

quake, And great fear and trembling shall seize them unto the 

ends of the earth. 

6. And the high mountains shall be shaken, And the high hills 

shall be made low, And shall melt like wax before the flame, 

7. And the earth shall be wholly rent in sunder, And all that is 

upon the earth shall perish, And there shall be a judgement 

upon all men. 

8. But with the righteous He will make peace. And will 

protect the elect, And mercy shall be upon them. And they 

shall all belong to God, And they shall be prospered, And they 

shall all be blessed. And He will help them all, And light shall 

appear unto them, And He will make peace with them. 

9. And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of His holy 

ones, To execute judgement upon all, And to destroy all the 

ungodly: And to convict all flesh of all the works of their 

ungodliness which they have ungodly committed, And of all 

the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against 

Him. 

CHAPTER 2 

1. Observe ye everything that takes place in the heaven, how 

they do not change their orbits, and the luminaries which are 

in the heaven, how they all rise and set in order each in its 

season, and transgress not against their appointed order. 

2. Behold ye the earth, and give heed to the things which take 

place upon it from first to last, how steadfast they are, how 

none of the things upon earth change, but all the works of God 

appear to you. 

3. Behold the summer and the winter, how the whole earth is 

filled with water, and clouds and dew and rain lie upon it. 

CHAPTER 3 

Observe and see how in the winter all the trees seem as though 

they had withered and shed all their leaves, except fourteen 

trees, which do not lose their foliage but retain the old foliage 

from two to three years till the new comes. 

CHAPTER 4 

And again, observe ye the days of summer how the sun is 

above the earth over against it. And you seek shade and 

shelter by reason of the heat of the sun, and the earth also 

burns with growing heat, and so you cannot tread on the earth, 

or on a rock by reason of its heat. 

CHAPTER 5 

1. Observe ye how the trees cover themselves with green 

leaves and bear fruit: wherefore give ye heed and know with 

regard to all His works, and recognize how He that liveth for 

ever hath made them so. 

2. And all His works go on thus from year to year for ever, 

and all the tasks which they accomplish for Him, and their 

tasks change not, but according as God hath ordained so is it 

done. 

3. And behold how the sea and the rivers in like manner 

accomplish and change not their tasks from His 

commandments. 

4. But ye have not been steadfast, nor done the 

commandments of the Lord, But ye have turned away and 

spoken proud and hard words with your impure mouths 

against His greatness. Oh, ye hard-hearted, ye shall find no 

peace. 

5. Therefore shall ye execrate your days, And the years of 

your life shall perish, And the years of your destruction shall 

be multiplied in eternal execration, And ye shall find no 

mercy. 

6. In those days ye shall make your names an eternal 

execration unto all the righteous, And by you shall all who 

curse, curse, And all the sinners and godless shall imprecate 

by you, And for you the godless there shall be a curse. And all 

the . . . shall rejoice, And there shall be forgiveness of sins, 

And every mercy and peace and forbearance: There shall be 

salvation unto them, a goodly light. And for all of you sinners 

there shall be no salvation, But on you all shall abide a curse. 

7. But for the elect there shall be light and joy and peace, And 

they shall inherit the earth. 

8 And then there shall be bestowed upon the elect wisdom, 

And they shall all live and never again sin, Either through 

ungodliness or through pride: But they who are wise shall be 

humble. 

9 And they shall not again transgress, Nor shall they sin all the 

days of their life, Nor shall they die of the divine anger or 

wrath, But they shall complete the number of the days of their 

life. And their lives shall be increased in peace, And the years 

of their joy shall be multiplied, In eternal gladness and peace, 

All the days of their life. 

CHAPTER 6 

1. And it came to pass when the children of men had 

multiplied that in those days were born unto them beautiful 

and comely daughters. 

2. And the angels, the children of the heaven, saw and lusted 

after them, and said to one another: 'Come, let us choose us 

wives from among the children of men and beget us children. 

3. And Semjaza, who was their leader, said unto them: 'T fear 

ye will not indeed agree to do this deed, and I alone shall have 

to pay the penalty of a great sin.’ 

4. And they all answered him and said: 'Let us all swear an 

oath, and all bind ourselves by mutual imprecations not to 

abandon this plan but to do this thing.’ 

5. Then sware they all together and bound themselves by 

mutual imprecations upon it. 

6. And they were in all two hundred; who descended in the 

days of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon, and they 

called it Mount Hermon, because they had sworn and bound 

themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. 

7. And these are the names of their leaders: Sémiazaz, their 

leader, Arakiba, Raméél, K6kabiél, Tamiél, Ramiél, Danél, 

Ezéqéél, Baraqijal, Asaél, Armarés, Batarél, Ananél, Zaqiél, 

Samsapéél, Satarél, Tarél, Jomjaél, Sariél. 

8. These are their chiefs of tens. 

CHAPTER 7 

1. And all the others together with them took unto themselves 

wives, and each chose for himself one, and they began to go in 

unto them and to defile themselves with them, and they taught 

them charms and enchantments, and the cutting of roots, and 

made them acquainted with plants. 

2. And they became pregnant, and they bare great giants, 

whose height was three thousand ells: 

3. Who consumed all the acquisitions of men. And when men 

could no longer sustain them, 

4. The giants turned against them and devoured mankind. 

5. And they began to sin against birds, and beasts, and reptiles, 

and fish, and to devour one another's flesh, and drink the 

blood. 

6. Then the earth laid accusation against the lawless ones. 

CHAPTER 8 

1. And Azazél taught men to make swords, and knives, and 

shields, and breastplates, and made known to them the metals 

of the earth and the art of working them, and bracelets, and 

ornaments, and the use of antimony, and the beautifying of the 

eyelids, and all kinds of costly stones, and all colouring 

tinctures. 

2. And there arose much godlessness, and they committed 

fornication, and they were led astray, and became corrupt in 

all their ways. Semjaza taught enchantments, and root-cuttings, 

Armarés the resolving of enchantments, Baraqijal, taught 

astrology, Kékabél the constellations, Ezéqéél the knowledge 

of the clouds, Araqiél the signs of the earth, Shamsiél the 

signs of the sun, and Sariél the course of the moon. And as 

men perished, they cried, and their cry went up to heaven... 

CHAPTER 9 

1. And then Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel looked 

down from heaven and saw much blood being shed upon the 

earth, and all lawlessness being wrought upon the earth. 

2. And they said one to another: 'The earth made without 

inhabitant cries the voice of their crying up to the gates of 

heaven. 

3. And now to you, the holy ones of heaven, the souls of men 

make their suit, saying, "Bring our cause before the Most 

High.".' 

4. And they said to the Lord of the ages: 'Lord of lords, God 

of gods, King of kings, and God of the ages, the throne of Thy 

glory standeth unto all the generations of the ages, and Thy 

name holy and glorious and blessed unto all the ages! 

5. Thou hast made all things, and power over all things hast 

Thou: and all things are naked and open in Thy sight, and 

Thou seest all things, and nothing can hide itself from Thee. 

6. Thou seest what Azazél hath done, who hath taught all 

unrighteousness on earth and revealed the eternal secrets 

which were preserved in heaven, which men were striving to 

learn: 

7. And Semjaza, to whom Thou hast given authority to bear 

tule over his associates. 

8. And they have gone to the daughters of men upon the earth, 

and have slept with the women, and have defiled themselves, 

and revealed to them all kinds of sins. 

9. And the women have borne giants, and the whole earth has 

thereby been filled with blood and unrighteousness. 

10. And now, behold, the souls of those who have died are 

crying and making their suit to the gates of heaven, and their 

lamentations have ascended: and cannot cease because of the 

lawless deeds which are wrought on the earth. 

11. And Thou knowest all things before they come to pass, 

and Thou seest these things and Thou dost suffer them, and 

Thou dost not say to us what we are to do to them in regard to 

these." 

CHAPTER 10 

1. Then said the Most High, the Holy and Great One spake, 

and sent Uriel to the son of Lamech, and said to him: 

2. Go to Noah and tell him in my name "Hide thyself!" and 

reveal to him the end that is approaching: that the whole earth 

will be destroyed, and a deluge is about to come upon the 

whole earth, and will destroy all that is on it. 

3. And now instruct him that he may escape and his seed may 

be preserved for all the generations of the world.' 

4. And again the Lord said to Raphael: 'Bind Azazél hand and 

foot, and cast him into the darkness: and make an opening in 

the desert, which is in Daidaél, and cast him therein. 

5. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and cover him 

with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his 

face that he may not see light. 

6. And on the day of the great judgement he shall be cast into 

the fire. And heal the earth which the angels have corrupted, 

and proclaim the healing of the earth, that they may heal the 

plague, and that all the children of men may not perish 

through all the secret things that the Watchers have disclosed 

and have taught their sons. 

8. And the whole earth has been corrupted through the works 

that were taught by Azazél: to him ascribe all sin.' 

9. And to Gabriel said the Lord: 'Proceed against the bastards 

and the reprobates, and against the children of fornication: and 

destroy the children of fornication and the children of the 

Watchers from amongst men and cause them to go forth: send 

them one against the other that they may destroy each other in 

battle: for length of days shall they not have. 

10. And no request that they i.e. their fathers make of thee 

shall be granted unto their fathers on their behalf; for they 

hope to live an eternal life, and that each one of them will live 

five hundred years.' 

11. And the Lord said unto Michael: 'Go, bind Semjaza and 

his associates who have united themselves with women so as 

to have defiled themselves with them in all their uncleanness. 

12. And when their sons have slain one another, and they have 

seen the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them fast for 

seventy generations in the valleys of the earth, till the day of 

their judgement and of their consummation, till the judgement 

that is for ever and ever is consummated. 

13. In those days they shall be led off to the abyss of fire: and 

to the torment and the prison in which they shall be confined 

for ever. 

14. And whosoever shall be condemned and destroyed will 

from thenceforth be bound together with them to the end of all 

generations. 

15. And destroy all the spirits of the reprobate and the 

children of the Watchers, because they have wronged 

mankind. 

16. Destroy all wrong from the face of the earth and let every 

evil work come to an end: and let the plant of righteousness 

and truth appear: and it shall prove a blessing; the works of 

righteousness and truth shall be planted in truth and joy for 

evermore. 

17 And then shall all the righteous escape, And shall live till 

they beget thousands of children, And all the days of their 

youth and their old age shall they complete in peace. 

18 And then shall the whole earth be tilled in righteousness, 

and shall all be planted with trees and be full of blessing. 

19. And all desirable trees shall be planted on it, and they shall 

plant vines on it: and the vine which they plant thereon shall 

yield wine in abundance, and as for all the seed which is sown 

thereon each measure of it shall bear a thousand, and each 

measure of olives shall yield ten presses of oil. 

20. And cleanse thou the earth from all oppression, and from 

all unrighteousness, and from all sin, and from all godlessness: 

and all the uncleanness that is wrought upon the earth destroy 

from off the earth. 

21. And all the children of men shall become righteous, and 

all nations shall offer adoration and shall praise Me, and all 

shall worship Me. And the earth shall be cleansed from all 

defilement, and from all sin, and from all punishment, and 

from all torment, and I will never again send them upon it 

from generation to generation and for ever. 

CHAPTER 11 

1. And in those days I will open the store chambers of 

blessing which are in the heaven, so as to send them down 

upon the earth over the work and labour of the children of 

men. 

2. And truth and peace shall be associated together throughout 

all the days of the world and throughout all the generations of 

men. 

CHAPTER 12 

1. Before these things Enoch was hidden, and no one of the 

children of men knew where he was hidden, and where he 

abode, and what had become of him. 

2. And his activities had to do with the Watchers, and his days 

were with the holy ones. 

3. And I, Enoch was blessing the Lord of majesty and the 

King of the ages, and lo! the Watchers called me Enoch the 

scribe and said to me: 

4. 'Enoch, thou scribe of righteousness, go, declare to the 

Watchers of the heaven who have left the high heaven, the 

holy eternal place, and have defiled themselves with women, 

and have done as the children of earth do, and have taken unto 

themselves wives: "Ye have wrought great destruction on the 

earth: 

5. And ye shall have no peace nor forgiveness of sin: and 

inasmuch as they delight themselves in their children, 

6. The murder of their beloved ones shall they see, and over 

the destruction of their children shall they lament, and shall 

make supplication unto eternity, but mercy and peace shall ye 

not attain." 

CHAPTER 13 

1. And Enoch went and said: 'Azazél, thou shalt have no peace: 

a severe sentence has gone forth against thee to put thee in 

bonds: 

2. And thou shalt not have toleration nor request granted to 

thee, because of the unrighteousness which thou hast taught, 

and because of all the works of godlessness and 

unrighteousness and sin which thou hast shown to men." 

3. Then I went and spoke to them all together, and they were 

all afraid, and fear and trembling seized them. 

4. And they besought me to draw up a petition for them that 

they might find forgiveness, and to read their petition in the 

presence of the Lord of heaven. 

5. For from thenceforward they could not speak with Him nor 

lift up their eyes to heaven for shame of their sins for which 

they had been condemned. 

6. Then I wrote out their petition, and the prayer in regard to 

their spirits and their deeds individually and in regard to their 

requests that they should have forgiveness and length of days. 

7. And I went off and sat down at the waters of Dan, in the 

land of Dan, to the south of the west of Hermon: I read their 

petition till I fell asleep. 

8. And behold a dream came to me, and visions fell down 

upon me, and I saw visions of chastisement, and a voice came 

bidding me I to tell it to the sons of heaven, and reprimand 

them. 

9. And when I awaked, I came unto them, and they were all 

sitting gathered together, weeping in ’Abelsjail, which is 

between Lebanon and Sénésér, with their faces covered. 

10. And I recounted before them all the visions which I had 

seen in sleep, and I began to speak the words of righteousness, 

and to reprimand the heavenly Watchers. 

CHAPTER 14 

1. The book of the words of righteousness, and of the 

reprimand of the eternal Watchers in accordance with the 

command of the Holy Great One in that vision. 

2. I saw in my sleep what I will now say with a tongue of 

flesh and with the breath of my mouth: which the Great One 

has given to men to converse therewith and understand with 

the heart. 

3. As He has created and given to man the power of 

understanding the word of wisdom, so hath He created me 

also and given me the power of reprimanding the Watchers, 

the children of heaven. 

4. I wrote out your petition, and in my vision it appeared thus, 

that your petition will not be granted unto you throughout all 

the days of eternity, and that judgement has been finally 

passed upon you: yea your petition will not be granted unto 

you. 

5. And from henceforth you shall not ascend into heaven unto 

all eternity, and in bonds of the earth the decree has gone forth 

to bind you for all the days of the world. 

6. And that previously you shall have seen the destruction of 

your beloved sons and ye shall have no pleasure in them, but 

they shall fall before you by the sword. 

7. And your petition on their behalf shall not be granted, nor 

yet on your own: even though you weep and pray and speak 

all the words contained in the writing which I have written. 

8. And the vision was shown to me thus: Behold, in the vision 

clouds invited me and a mist summoned me, and the course of 

the stars and the lightnings sped and hastened me, and the 

winds in the vision caused me to fly and lifted me upward, 

and bore me into heaven. 

9. And I went in till I drew nigh to a wall which is built of 

crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire: and it began to 

affright me. 

10. And I went into the tongues of fire and drew nigh to a 

large house which was built of crystals: and the walls of the 

house were like a tesselated floor made of crystals, and its 

groundwork was of crystal. 

11. Its ceiling was like the path of the stars and the lightnings, 

and between them were fiery cherubim, and their heaven was 

clear as water. 

12. A flaming fire surrounded the walls, and its portals blazed 

with fire. 

13. And I entered into that house, and it was hot as fire and 

cold as ice: there were no delights of life therein: fear covered 

me, and trembling got hold upon me. 

14. And as I quaked and trembled, I fell upon my face. 

15. And I beheld a vision, And lo! there was a second house, 

greater than the former, and the entire portal stood open 

before me, and it was built of flames of fire. 

16. And in every respect it so excelled in splendour and 

magnificence and extent that I cannot describe to you its 

splendour and its extent. 

17. And its floor was of fire, and above it were lightnings and 

the path of the stars, and its ceiling also was flaming fire. 

18. And I looked and saw therein a lofty throne: its 

appearance was as crystal, and the wheels thereof as the 

shining sun, and there was the vision of cherubim. 

19. And from underneath the throne came streams of flaming 

fire so that I could not look thereon. 

20. And the Great Glory sat thereon, and His raiment shone 

more brightly than the sun and was whiter than any snow. 

21. None of the angels could enter and could behold His face 

by reason of the magnificence and glory and no flesh could 

behold Him. 

22. The flaming fire was round about Him, and a great fire 

stood before Him, and none around could draw nigh Him: ten 

thousand times ten thousand stood before Him, yet He needed 

no counselor. 

23. And the most holy ones who were nigh to Him did not 

leave by night nor depart from Him. 

24. And until then I had been prostrate on my face, trembling: 

and the Lord called me with His own mouth, and said to me: 

‘Come hither, Enoch, and hear my word.' 

25. And one of the holy ones came to me and waked me, and 

He made me rise up and approach the door: and I bowed my 

face downwards. 

CHAPTER 15 

1. And He answered and said to me, and I heard His voice: 

Fear not, Enoch, thou righteous man and scribe of 

righteousness: approach hither and hear my voice. 

2. And go, say to the Watchers of heaven, who have sent thee 

to intercede for them: "You should intercede" for men, and 

not men for you: 

3. Wherefore have ye left the high, holy, and eternal heaven, 

and lain with women, and defiled yourselves with the 

daughters of men and taken to yourselves wives, and done like 

the children of earth, and begotten giants as your sons? 

4. And though ye were holy, spiritual, living the eternal life, 

you have defiled yourselves with the blood of women, and 

have begotten children with the blood of flesh, and, as the 

children of men, have lusted after flesh and blood as those 

also do who die and perish. 

5. Therefore have I given them wives also that they might 

impregnate them, and beget children by them, that thus 

nothing might be wanting to them on earth. 

6. But you were formerly spiritual, living the eternal life, and 

immortal for all generations of the world. 

7. And therefore I have not appointed wives for you; for as for 

the spiritual ones of the heaven, in heaven is their dwelling. 

8. And now, the giants, who are produced from the spirits and 

flesh, shall be called evil spirits upon the earth, and on the 

earth shall be their dwelling. 

9. Evil spirits have proceeded from their bodies; because they 

are born from men, and from the holy Watchers is their 

beginning and primal origin; they shall be evil spirits on earth, 

and evil spirits shall they be called. 

10. As for the spirits of heaven, in heaven shall be their 

dwelling, but as for the spirits of the earth which were born 

upon the earth, on the earth shall be their dwelling. 

11. And the spirits of the giants afflict, oppress, destroy, 

attack, do battle, and work destruction on the earth, and cause 

trouble: they take no food, but nevertheless hunger and thirst, 

and cause offences. And these spirits shall rise up against the 

children of men and against the women, because they have 

proceeded from them. 

CHAPTER 16 

1. From the days of the slaughter and destruction and death of 

the giants, from the souls of whose flesh the spirits, having 

gone forth, shall destroy without incurring judgement--thus 

shall they destroy until the day of the consummation, the great 

judgement in which the age shall be consummated, over the 

Watchers and the godless, yea, shall be wholly consummated. 

2. And now as to the Watchers who have sent thee to 

intercede for them, who had been aforetime in heaven, say to 

them: 

3. "You have been in heaven, but all the mysteries had not yet 

been revealed to you, and you knew worthless ones, and these 

in the hardness of your hearts you have made known to the 

women, and through these mysteries women and men work 

much evil on earth." 

4. Say to them therefore: "You have no peace." 

CHAPTER 17 

1. And they took and brought me to a place in which those 

who were there were like flaming fire, and, when they wished, 

they appeared as men. 

2. And they brought me to the place of darkness, and to a 

mountain the point of whose summit reached to heaven. 

3. And I saw the places of the luminaries and the treasuries of 

the stars and of the thunder and in the uttermost depths, where 

were a fiery bow and arrows and their quiver, and a fiery 

sword and all the lightnings. 

4. And they took me to the living waters, and to the fire of the 

west, which receives every setting of the sun. 

5. And I came to a river of fire in which the fire flows like 

water and discharges itself into the great sea towards the west. 

6. I saw the great rivers and came to the great river and to the 

great darkness, and went to the place where no flesh walks. 

7. I saw the mountains of the darkness of winter and the place 

whence all the waters of the deep flow. 

8. I saw the mouths of all the rivers of the earth and the mouth 

of the deep. 

CHAPTER 18 

1. I saw the treasuries of all the winds: I saw how He had 

furnished with them the whole creation and the firm 

foundations of the earth. 

2. And I saw the corner-stone of the earth: I saw the four 

winds which bear the earth and the firmament of the heaven. 

3. And I saw how the winds stretch out the vaults of heaven, 

and have their station between heaven and earth: these are the 

pillars of the heaven. 

4. I saw the winds of heaven which turn and bring the 

circumference of the sun and all the stars to their setting. 

5. I saw the winds on the earth carrying the clouds: I saw the 

paths of the angels. I saw at the end of the earth the firmament 

of the heaven above. 

6. And I proceeded and saw a place which burns day and night, 

where there are seven mountains of magnificent stones, three 

towards the east, and three towards the south. 

7. And as for those towards the east, one was of coloured 

stone, and one of pearl, and one of jacinth, and those towards 

the south of red stone. 

8. But the middle one reached to heaven like the throne of 

God, of alabaster, and the summit of the throne was of 

sapphire. 

9. And I saw a flaming fire. And beyond these mountains is a 

region the end of the great earth: there the heavens were 

completed. 

10. And I saw a deep abyss, with columns of heavenly fire, 

and among them I saw columns of fire fall, which were 

beyond measure alike towards the height and towards the 

depth. 

11. And beyond that abyss I saw a place which had no 

firmament of the heaven above, and no firmly founded earth 

beneath it: there was no water upon it, and no birds, but it was 

a waste and horrible place. 

12. I saw there seven stars like great burning mountains, and 

to me, when I inquired regarding them, 

13. The angel said: 'This place is the end of heaven and earth: 

this has become a prison for the stars and the host of heaven. 

14. And the stars which roll over the fire are they which have 

transgressed the commandment of the Lord in the beginning 

of their rising, because they did not come forth at their 

appointed times. 

15. And He was wroth with them, and bound them till the 

time when their guilt should be consummated even for ten 

thousand years." 

CHAPTER 19 

1. And Uriel said to me: 'Here shall stand the angels who have 

connected themselves with women, and their spirits assuming 

many different forms are defiling mankind and shall lead them 

astray into sacrificing to demons as gods, here shall they stand, 

till the day of the great judgement in which they shall be 

judged till they are made an end of. 

2. And the women also of the angels who went astray shall 

become sirens.' 

3. And I, Enoch, alone saw the vision, the ends of all things: 

and no man shall see as I have seen. 

CHAPTER 20 

1. And these are the names of the holy angels who watch. 

2. Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and 

over Tartarus. 

3. Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of 

men. 

4. Raguel, one of the holy angels who takes vengeance on the 

world of the luminaries. 

5. Michael, one of the holy angels, to wit, he that is set over 

the best part of mankind and over chaos. 

6. Saraqaél, one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits, 

who sin in the spirit. 

7. Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and 

the serpents and the Cherubim. 

8. Remiel, one of the holy angels, whom God set over those 

who rise. 

CHAPTER 21 

1. And I proceeded to where things were chaotic. 

2. And I saw there something horrible: I saw neither a heaven 

above nor a firmly founded earth, but a place chaotic and 

horrible. 

3. And there I saw seven stars of the heaven bound together in 

it, like great mountains and burning with fire. 

4. Then I said: 'For what sin are they bound, and on what 

account have they been cast in hither?' 

5. Then said Uriel, one of the holy angels, who was with me, 

and was chief over them, and said: 'Enoch, why dost thou ask, 

and why art thou eager for the truth? 

6. These are of the number of the stars of heaven, which have 

transgressed the commandment of the Lord, and are bound 

here till ten thousand years, the time entailed by their sins, are 

consummated. 

7. And from thence I went to another place, which was still 

more horrible than the former, and I saw a horrible thing: a 

great fire there which burnt and blazed, and the place was cleft 

as far as the abyss, being full of great descending columns of 

fire: neither its extent or magnitude could I see, nor could I 

conjecture. 

8. Then I said: 'How fearful is the place and how terrible to 

look upon!' 

9. Then Uriel answered me, one of the holy angels who was 

with me, and said unto me: 'Enoch, why hast thou such fear 

and affright?' And I answered: 'Because of this fearful place, 

and because of the spectacle of the pain.' 

10. And he said unto me: 'This place is the prison of the 

angels, and here they will be imprisoned for ever.' 

CHAPTER 22 

1. And thence I went to another place, and he showed me in 

the west another great and high mountain and of hard rock. 

2. And there was in it four hollow places, deep and wide and 

very smooth. How smooth are the hollow places and deep and 

dark to look at. 

3. Then Raphael answered, one of the holy angels who was 

with me, and said unto me: 

4.'These hollow places have been created for this very purpose, 

that the spirits of the souls of the dead should assemble therein, 

yea that all the souls of the children of men should assemble 

here. And these places have been made to receive them till the 

day of their judgement and till their appointed period till the 

period appointed, till the great judgement comes upon them." 

5. I saw the spirits of the children of men who were dead, and 

their voice went forth to heaven and made suit. 

6. Then I asked Raphael the angel who was with me, and I 

said unto him: 'This spirit--whose is it whose voice goeth forth 

and maketh suit?" 

7. And he answered me saying: 'This is the spirit which went 

forth from Abel, whom his brother Cain slew, and he makes 

his suit against him till his seed is destroyed from the face of 

the earth, and his seed is annihilated from amongst the seed of 

men.’ 

8. Then I asked regarding it, and regarding all the hollow 

places: 'Why as one separated from the other?’ 

9. And he answered me and said unto me: 'These three have 

been made that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And 

such a division has been made for the spirits of the righteous, 

in which there as the bright spring of water. 

10. And such has been made for sinners when they die and are 

buried in the earth and judgement has not been executed on 

them in their lifetime. 

11. Here their spirits shall be set apart in this great pain till the 

great day of judgement and punishment and torment of those 

who curse for ever, and retribution for their spirits. There He 

shall bind them for ever. 

12. And such a division has been made for the spirits of those 

who make their suit, who make disclosures concerning their 

destruction, when they were slain in the days of the sinners. 

13. Such has been made for the spirits of men who were not 

righteous but sinners, who were complete in transgression, 

and of the transgressors. they shall be companions: but their 

spirits shall not be slain in the day of judgement nor shall they 

be raised from thence. 

14. Then I blessed the Lord of glory and said: 'Blessed be my 

Lord, the Lord of righteousness, who ruleth for ever.' 

CHAPTER 23 

1. From thence I went to another place to the west of the ends 

of the earth. 

2. And I saw a burning fire which ran without resting, and 

paused not from its course day or night but ran regularly. 

3. And I asked saying: 'What is this which rests not?' 

4. Then Raguel, one of the holy angels who was with me, 

answered me and said unto me: 'This course of fire which thou 

hast seen is the fire in the west which persecutes all the 

luminaries of heaven. 

CHAPTER 24 

1. And from thence I went to another place of the earth, and 

he showed me a mountain range of fire which burnt day and 

night. 

2. And I went beyond it and saw seven magnificent mountains 

all differing each from the other, and the stones thereof were 

magnificent and beautiful, magnificent as a whole, of glorious 

appearance and fair exterior: three towards the east, one 

founded on the other, and three towards the south, one upon 

the other, and deep rough ravines, no one of which joined with 

any other. 

3. And the seventh mountain was in the midst of these, and it 

excelled them in height, resembling the seat of a throne: and 

fragrant trees encircled the throne. 

4. And amongst them was a tree such as I had never yet smelt, 

neither was any amongst them nor were others like it: it had a 

fragrance beyond all fragrance, and its leaves and blooms and 

wood wither not for ever: and its fruit is beautiful, and its fruit 

resembles the dates of a palm. 

5. Then I said: 'How beautiful is this tree, and fragrant, and its 

leaves are fair, and its blooms very delightful in appearance." 

6. Then answered Michael, one of the holy and honoured 

angels who was with me, and was their leader. 

CHAPTER 25 

1. And he said unto me: 'Enoch, why dost thou ask me 

regarding the fragrance of the tree, and why dost thou wish to 

learn the truth?" 

2. Then I answered him saying: 'I wish to know about 

everything, but especially about this tree.' 

3. And he answered saying: 'This high mountain which thou 

hast seen, whose summit is like the throne of God, is His 

throne, where the Holy Great One, the Lord of Glory, the 

Eternal King, will sit, when He shall come down to visit the 

earth with goodness. 

4. And as for this fragrant tree no mortal is permitted to touch 

it till the great judgement, when He shall take vengeance on 

all and bring everything to its consummation for ever. It shall 

then be given to the righteous and holy. 

5. Its fruit shall be for food to the elect: it shall be transplanted 

to the holy place, to the temple of the Lord, the Eternal King. 

6 Then shall they rejoice with joy and be glad, And into the 

holy place shall they enter; And its fragrance shall be in their 

bones, And they shall live a long life on earth, Such as thy 

fathers lived: And in their days shall no sorrow or plague or 

torment or calamity touch them.' 

7. Then blessed I the God of Glory, the Eternal King, who 

hath prepared such things for the righteous, and hath created 

them and promised to give to them. 

CHAPTER 26 

1. And I went from thence to the middle of the earth, and I 

saw a blessed place in which there were trees with branches 

abiding and blooming of a dismembered tree. 

2. And there I saw a holy mountain, and underneath the 

mountain to the east there was a stream and it flowed towards 

the south. 

3. And I saw towards the east another mountain higher than 

this, and between them a deep and narrow ravine: in it also ran 

a stream underneath the mountain. 

4. And to the west thereof there was another mountain, lower 

than the former and of small elevation, and a ravine deep and 

dry between them: and another deep and dry ravine was at the 

extremities of the three mountains. 

5. And all the ravines were deep and narrow, being formed of 

hard rock, and trees were not planted upon them. 

6. And I marveled at the rocks, and I marveled at the ravine, 

yea, I marveled very much. 

CHAPTER 27 

1. Then said I: 'For what object is this blessed land, which is 

entirely filled with trees, and this accursed valley between?' 

2. Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, 

answered and said: 'This accursed valley is for those who are 

accursed for ever: Here shall all the accursed be gathered 

together who utter with their lips against the Lord unseemly 

words and of His glory speak hard things. Here shall they be 

gathered together, and here shall be their place of judgement. 

3. In the last days there shall be upon them the spectacle of 

righteous judgement in the presence of the righteous for ever: 

here shall the merciful bless the Lord of glory, the Eternal 

King. 

4. In the days of judgement over the former, they shall bless 

Him for the mercy in accordance with which He has assigned 

them their lot.' 

5. Then I blessed the Lord of Glory and set forth His glory 

and lauded Him gloriously. 

CHAPTER 28 

1. And thence I went towards the east, into the midst of the 

mountain range of the desert, and I saw a wilderness and it 

was solitary, full of trees and plants. 

2. And water gushed forth from above. 

3. Rushing like a copious watercourse which flowed towards 

the north-west it caused clouds and dew to ascend on every 

side. 

CHAPTER 29 

1. And thence I went to another place in the desert, and 

approached to the east of this mountain range. 

2. And there I saw aromatic trees exhaling the fragrance of 

frankincense and myrrh, and the trees also were similar to the 

almond tree. 

CHAPTER 30 

1. And beyond these, I went afar to the east, and I saw another 

place, a valley full of water. 

2. And therein there was a tree, the colour of fragrant trees 

such as the mastic. 

3. And on the sides of those valleys I saw fragrant cinnamon. 

And beyond these I proceeded to the east. 

CHAPTER 31 

1. And I saw other mountains, and amongst them were groves 

of trees, and there flowed forth from them nectar, which is 

named sarara and galbanum. 

2. And beyond these mountains I saw another mountain to the 

east of the ends of the earth, whereon were aloe trees, and all 

the trees were full of stacte, being like almond-trees. 

3. And when one burnt it, it smelt sweeter than any fragrant 

odour. 

CHAPTER 32 

1. And after these fragrant odours, as I looked towards the 

north over the mountains I saw seven mountains full of choice 

nard and fragrant trees and cinnamon and pepper. 

2. And thence I went over the summits of all these mountains, 

far towards the east of the earth, and passed above the 

Erythraean sea and went far from it, and passed over the angel 

Zotiél. 

3. And I came to the Garden of Righteousness, and saw 

beyond those trees many large trees growing there and of 

goodly fragrance, large, very beautiful and glorious, and the 

tree of wisdom whereof they eat and know great wisdom. 

4. That tree is in height like the fir, and its leaves are like 

those of the Carob tree: and its fruit is like the clusters of the 

vine, very beautiful: and the fragrance of the tree penetrates 

afar. 

5. Then I said: 'How beautiful is the tree, and how attractive is 

its look!" 

6. Then Raphael the holy angel, who was with me, answered 

me and said: 'This is the tree of wisdom, of which thy father 

old in years and thy aged mother, who were before thee, have 

eaten, and they learnt wisdom and their eyes were opened, and 

they knew that they were naked and they were driven out of 

the garden.' 

CHAPTER 33 

1. And from thence I went to the ends of the earth and saw 

there great beasts, and each differed from the other; and I saw 

birds also differing in appearance and beauty and voice, the 

one differing from the other. 

2. And to the east of those beasts I saw the ends of the earth 

whereon the heaven rests, and the portals of the heaven open. 

3. And I saw how the stars of heaven come forth, and I 

counted the portals out of which they proceed, and wrote 

down all their outlets, of each individual star by itself, 

according to their number and their names, their courses and 

their positions, and their times and their months, as Uriel the 

holy angel who was with me showed me. 

4. He showed all things to me and wrote them down for me: 

also their names he wrote for me, and their laws and their 

companies. 

CHAPTER 34 

1. And from thence I went towards the north to the ends of the 

earth, and there I saw a great and glorious device at the ends 

of the whole earth. 

2. And here I saw three portals of heaven open in the heaven: 

through each of them proceed north winds: when they blow 

there is cold, hail, frost, snow, dew, and rain. 

3. And out of one portal they blow for good: but when they 

blow through the other two portals, it is with violence and 

affliction on the earth, and they blow with violence. 

CHAPTER 35 

1. And from thence I went towards the west to the ends of the 

earth, and saw there three portals of the heaven open such as I 

had seen in the east, the same number of portals, and the same 

number of outlets. 

CHAPTER 36 

1. And from thence I went to the south to the ends of the earth, 

and saw there three open portals of the heaven: and thence 

there come dew, rain, and wind. 

2. And from thence I went to the east to the ends of the heaven, 

and saw here the three eastern portals of heaven open and 

small portals above them. 

3. Through each of these small portals pass the stars of heaven 

and run their course to the west on the path which is shown to 

them. 

4. And as often as I saw I blessed always the Lord of Glory, 

and I continued to bless the Lord of Glory who has wrought 

great and glorious wonders, to show the greatness of His work 

to the angels and to spirits and to men, that they might praise 

His work and all His creation: that they might see the work of 

His might and praise the great work of His hands and bless 

Him for ever. 

CHAPTER 37 

1. The second vision which he saw, the vision of wisdom-- 

which Enoch the son of Jared, the son of Mahalalel, the son of 

Cainan, the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, 

saw. 

2. And this is the beginning of the words of wisdom which I 

lifted up my voice to speak and say to those which dwell on 

earth: Hear, ye men of old time, and see, ye that come after, 

the words of the Holy One which I will speak before the Lord 

of Spirits. 

3. It were better to declare them only to the men of old time, 

but even from those that come after we will not withhold the 

beginning of wisdom. 

4. Till the present day such wisdom has never been given by 

the Lord of Spirits as I have received according to my insight, 

according to the good pleasure of the Lord of Spirits by whom 

the lot of eternal life has been given to me. 

5. Now three parables were imparted to me, and I lifted up my 

voice and recounted them to those that dwell on the earth. 

CHAPTER 38 

1. The First Parable. When the congregation of the righteous 

shall appear, And sinners shall be judged for their sins, And 

shall be driven from the face of the earth: 

2. And when the Righteous One shall appear before the eyes 

of the righteous, Whose elect works hang upon the Lord of 

Spirits, And light shall appear to the righteous and the elect 

who dwell on the earth, Where then will be the dwelling of the 

sinners, And where the resting-place of those who have denied 

the Lord of Spirits? It had been good for them if they had not 

been born. 

3. When the secrets of the righteous shall be revealed and the 

sinners judged, And the godless driven from the presence of 

the righteous and elect, 

4. From that time those that possess the earth shall no longer 

be powerful and exalted: And they shall not be able to behold 

the face of the holy, For the Lord of Spirits has caused His 

light to appear on the face of the holy, righteous, and elect. 

5. Then shall the kings and the mighty perish and be given 

into the hands of the righteous and holy. 

6. And thenceforward none shall seek for themselves mercy 

from the Lord of Spirits for their life is at an end. 

CHAPTER 39 

1. And it shall come to pass in those days that elect and holy 

children will descend from the high heaven, and their seed 

will become one with the children of men. 

2. And in those days Enoch received books of zeal and wrath, 

and books of disquiet and expulsion. And mercy shall not be 

accorded to them, saith the Lord of Spirits. 

3. And in those days a whirlwind carried me off from the earth, 

And set me down at the end of the heavens. 

4. And there I saw another vision, the dwelling-places of the 

holy, And the resting-places of the righteous. 

5. Here mine eyes saw their dwellings with His righteous 

angels, And their resting-places with the holy. And they 

petitioned and interceded and prayed for the children of men, 

And righteousness flowed before them as water, And mercy 

like dew upon the earth: Thus it is amongst them for ever and 

ever. 

6a. And in that place mine eyes saw the Elect One of 

righteousness and of faith, 

7a. And I saw his dwelling-place under the wings of the Lord 

of Spirits. 

6b. And righteousness shall prevail in his days, And the 

righteous and elect shall be without number before Him for 

ever and ever. 

7b. And all the righteous and elect before Him shall be strong 

as fiery lights, And their mouth shall be full of blessing, And 

their lips extol the name of the Lord of Spirits, And 

righteousness before Him shall never fail, And uprightness 

shall never fail before Him. 

8. There I wished to dwell, And my spirit longed for that 

dwelling-place: And there heretofore hath been my portion, 

For so has it been established concerning me before the Lord 

of Spirits. 

9. In those days I praised and extolled the name of the Lord of 

Spirits with blessings and praises, because He hath destined 

me for blessing and glory according to the good pleasure of 

the Lord of Spirits. 

10. For a long time my eyes regarded that place, and I blessed 

Him and praised Him, saying: "Blessed is He, and may He be 

blessed from the beginning and for evermore. 

11. And before Him there is no ceasing. He knows before the 

world was created what is for ever and what will be from 

generation unto generation. 

12. Those who sleep not bless Thee: they stand before Thy 

glory and bless, praise, and extol, saying: "Holy, holy, holy, is 

the Lord of Spirits: He filleth the earth with spirits." 

13. And here my eyes saw all those who sleep not: they stand 

before Him and bless and say: 'Blessed be Thou, and blessed 

be the name of the Lord for ever and ever.' 

14. And my face was changed; for I could no longer behold. 

CHAPTER 40 

1. And after that I saw thousands of thousands and ten 

thousand times ten thousand, I saw a multitude beyond 

number and reckoning, who stood before the Lord of Spirits. 

2. And on the four sides of the Lord of Spirits I saw four 

presences, different from those that sleep not, and I learnt 

their names: for the angel that went with me made known to 

me their names, and showed me all the hidden things. 

3. And I heard the voices of those four presences as they 

uttered praises before the Lord of glory. 

4. The first voice blesses the Lord of Spirits for ever and ever. 

5. And the second voice I heard blessing the Elect One and the 

elect ones who hang upon the Lord of Spirits. 

6. And the third voice I heard pray and intercede for those 

who dwell on the earth and supplicate in the name of the Lord 

of Spirits. 

7. And I heard the fourth voice fending off the Satans and 

forbidding them to come before the Lord of Spirits to accuse 

them who dwell on the earth. 

8. After that I asked the angel of peace who went with me, 

who showed me everything that is hidden: 'Who are these four 

presences which I have seen and whose words I have heard 

and written down?' 

9. And he said to me: 'This first is Michael, the merciful and 

long-suffering: and the second, who is set over all the diseases 

and all the wounds of the children of men, is Raphael: and the 

third, who is set over all the powers, is Gabriel: and the fourth, 

who is set over the repentance unto hope of those who inherit 

eternal life, is named Phanuel.' And these are the four angels 

of the Lord of Spirits and the four voices I heard in those days. 

CHAPTER 41 

1. And after that I saw all the secrets of the heavens, and how 

the kingdom is divided, and how the actions of men are 

weighed in the balance. 

2. And there I saw the mansions of the elect and the mansions 

of the holy, and mine eyes saw there all the sinners being 

driven from thence which deny the name of the Lord of Spirits, 

and being dragged off: and they could not abide because of 

the punishment which proceeds from the Lord of Spirits. 

3. And there mine eyes saw the secrets of the lightning and of 

the thunder, and the secrets of the winds, how they are divided 

to blow over the earth, and the secrets of the clouds and dew, 

and there I saw from whence they proceed in that place and 

from whence they saturate the dusty earth. 

4. And there I saw closed chambers out of which the winds 

are divided, the chamber of the hail and winds, the chamber of 

the mist, and of the clouds, and the cloud thereof hovers over 

the earth from the beginning of the world. 

5. And I saw the chambers of the sun and moon, whence they 

proceed and whither they come again, and their glorious 

return, and how one is superior to the other, and their stately 

orbit, and how they do not leave their orbit, and they add 

nothing to their orbit and they take nothing from it, and they 

keep faith with each other, in accordance with the oath by 

which they are bound together. 

6. And first the sun goes forth and traverses his path according 

to the commandment of the Lord of Spirits, and mighty is His 

name for ever and ever. 

7. And after that I saw the hidden and the visible path of the 

moon, and she accomplishes the course of her path in that 

place by day and by night--the one holding a position opposite 

to the other before the Lord of Spirits. And they give thanks 

and praise and rest not; For unto them is their thanksgiving 

rest. 

8. For the sun changes oft for a blessing or a curse, And the 

course of the path of the moon is light to the righteous and 

darkness to the sinners in the name of the Lord, Who made a 

separation between the light and the darkness, And divided the 

spirits of men, And strengthened the spirits of the righteous, 

In the name of His righteousness. 

9. For no angel hinders and no power is able to hinder; for He 

appoints a judge for them all and He judges them all before 

Him. 

CHAPTER 42 

1. Wisdom found no place where she might dwell; Then a 

dwelling-place was assigned her in the heavens. 

2. Wisdom went forth to make her dwelling among the 

children of men, And found no dwelling-place: Wisdom 

returned to her place, And took her seat among the angels. 

3. And unrighteousness went forth from her chambers: Whom 

she sought not she found, And dwelt with them, As rain in a 

desert, And dew on a thirsty land. 

CHAPTER 43 

1. And I saw other lightnings and the stars of heaven, and I 

saw how He called them all by their names and they 

hearkened unto Him. 

2. And I saw how they are weighed in a righteous balance 

according to their proportions of light: I saw the width of their 

spaces and the day of their appearing, and how their 

revolution produces lightning: and I saw their revolution 

according to the number of the angels, and how they keep 

faith with each other. 

3. And I asked the angel who went with me who showed me 

what was hidden: 'What are these?" 

4. And he said to me: 'The Lord of Spirits hath showed thee 

their parabolic meaning: these are the names of the holy who 

dwell on the earth and believe in the name of the Lord of 

Spirits for ever and ever.' 

CHAPTER 44 

Also another phenomenon I saw in regard to the lightnings: 

how some of the stars arise and become lightnings and cannot 

part with their new form. 

CHAPTER 45 

1. And this is the Second Parable concerning those who deny 

the name of the dwelling of the holy ones and the Lord of 

Spirits. 

2. And into the heaven they shall not ascend, And on the earth 

they shall not come: Such shall be the lot of the sinners, Who 

have denied the name of the Lord of Spirits, Who are thus 

preserved for the day of suffering and tribulation. 

3. On that day Mine Elect One shall sit on the throne of glory, 

And shall try their works, And their places of rest shall be 

innumerable. And their souls shall grow strong within them 

when they see Mine Elect Ones, And those who have called 

upon My glorious name: 

4. Then will I cause Mine Elect One to dwell among them. 

And I will transform the heaven and make it an eternal 

blessing and light. 

5. And I will transform the earth and make it a blessing: And I 

will cause Mine elect ones to dwell upon it: But the sinners 

and evil-doers shall not set foot thereon. 

6. For I have provided and satisfied with peace My righteous 

ones, And have caused them to dwell before Me: But for the 

sinners there is judgement impending with Me, So that I shall 

destroy them from the face of the earth. 

CHAPTER 46 

1. And there I saw One who had a head of days, And His head 

was white like wool, And with Him was another being whose 

countenance had the appearance of a man, And his face was 

full of graciousness, like one of the holy angels. 

2. And I asked the angel who went with me and showed me 

all the hidden things, concerning that Son of Man, who he was, 

and whence he was, and why he went with the Head of Days? 

And he answered and said unto me: This is the son of Man 

who hath righteousness, With whom dwelleth righteousness, 

And who revealeth all the treasures of that which is hidden, 

3. Because the Lord of Spirits hath chosen him, And whose lot 

hath the pre-eminence before the Lord of Spirits in 

uprightness for ever. 

4. And this Son of Man whom thou hast seen shall raise up the 

kings and the mighty from their seats, And the strong from 

their thrones, And shall loosen the reins of the strong, And 

break the teeth of the sinners. 

5. And he shall put down the kings from their thrones and 

kingdoms, Because they do not extol and praise Him, Nor 

humbly acknowledge whence the kingdom was bestowed 

upon them. 

6. And he shall put down the countenance of the strong, And 

shall fill them with shame. And darkness shall be their 

dwelling, And worms shall be their bed, And they shall have 

no hope of rising from their beds, Because they do not extol 

the name of the Lord of Spirits. 

7. And these are they who judge the stars of heaven, And raise 

their hands against the Most High, And tread upon the earth 

and dwell upon it. And all their deeds manifest 

unrighteousness, And their power rests upon their riches, And 

their faith is in the gods which they have made with their 

hands, And they deny the name of the Lord of Spirits, 

8. And they persecute the houses of His congregations, And 

the faithful who hang upon the name of the Lord of Spirits. 

CHAPTER 47 

1. And in those days shall have ascended the prayer of the 

righteous, And the blood of the righteous from the earth 

before the Lord of Spirits. 

2. In those days the holy ones who dwell above in the heavens 

shall unite with one voice and supplicate and pray and praise, 

And give thanks and bless the name of the Lord of Spirits, On 

behalf of the blood of the righteous which has been shed, And 

that the prayer of the righteous may not be in vain before the 

Lord of Spirits, That judgement may be done unto them, And 

that they may not have to suffer for ever. 

3. In those days I saw the Head of Days when He seated 

himself upon the throne of His glory, And the books of the 

living were opened before Him: And all His host which is in 

heaven above and His counselors stood before Him, 

4. And the hearts of the holy were filled with joy; Because the 

number of the righteous had been offered, And the prayer of 

the righteous had been heard, And the blood of the righteous 

been required before the Lord of Spirits. 

CHAPTER 48 

1. And in that place I saw the fountain of righteousness which 

was inexhaustible: And around it were many fountains of 

wisdom; And all the thirsty drank of them, And were filled 

with wisdom, And their dwellings were with the righteous and 

holy and elect. 

2. And at that hour that Son of Man was named In the 

presence of the Lord of Spirits, And his name before the Head 

of Days. 

3. Yea, before the sun and the signs were created, Before the 

stars of the heaven were made, His name was named before 

the Lord of Spirits. 

4. He shall be a staff to the righteous whereon to stay 

themselves and not fall, And he shall be the light of the 

Gentiles, And the hope of those who are troubled of heart. 

5. All who dwell on earth shall fall down and worship before 

him, And will praise and bless and celebrate with song the 

Lord of Spirits. 

6. And for this reason hath he been chosen and hidden before 

Him, Before the creation of the world and for evermore. 

7. And the wisdom of the Lord of Spirits hath revealed him to 

the holy and righteous; For he hath preserved the lot of the 

righteous, Because they have hated and despised this world of 

unrighteousness, And have hated all its works and ways in the 

name of the Lord of Spirits: For in his name they are saved, 

And according to his good pleasure hath it been in regard to 

their life. 

8. In these days downcast in countenance shall the kings of the 

earth have become, And the strong who possess the land 

because of the works of their hands; For on the day of their 

anguish and affliction they shall not be able to save 

themselves. 

9. And I will give them over into the hands of Mine elect: As 

straw in the fire so shall they burn before the face of the holy: 

As lead in the water shall they sink before the face of the 

righteous, And no trace of them shall any more be found. 

10. And on the day of their affliction there shall be rest on the 

earth, And before them they shall fall and not rise again: And 

there shall be no one to take them with his hands and raise 

them: For they have denied the Lord of Spirits and His 

Anointed. The name of the Lord of Spirits be blessed. 

CHAPTER 49 

1. For wisdom is poured out like water, And glory faileth not 

before him for evermore. 

2. For he is mighty in all the secrets of righteousness, And 

unrighteousness shall disappear as a shadow, And have no 

continuance; Because the Elect One standeth before the Lord 

of Spirits, And his glory is for ever and ever, And his might 

unto all generations. 

3. And in him dwells the spirit of wisdom, And the spirit 

which gives insight, And the spirit of understanding and of 

might, And the spirit of those who have fallen asleep in 

righteousness. 

4. And he shall judge the secret things, And none shall be able 

to utter a lying word before him; For he is the Elect One 

before the Lord of Spirits according to His good pleasure. 

CHAPTER 50 

1. And in those days a change shall take place for the holy and 

elect, And the light of days shall abide upon them, And glory 

and honour shall turn to the holy, 

2. On the day of affliction on which evil shall have been 

treasured up against the sinners. And the righteous shall be 

victorious in the name of the Lord of Spirits: And He will 

cause the others to witness this that they may repent and forgo 

the works of their hands. 

3. They shall have no honour through the name of the Lord of 

Spirits, Yet through His name shall they be saved, And the 

Lord of Spirits will have compassion on them, For His 

compassion is great. 

4. And He is righteous also in His judgement, And in the 

presence of His glory unrighteousness also shall not maintain 

itself: At His judgement the unrepentant shall perish before 

Him. 

5. And from henceforth I will have no mercy on them, saith 

the Lord of Spirits. 

CHAPTER 51 

1. And in those days shall the earth also give back that which 

has been entrusted to it, And Sheol also shall give back that 

which it has received, And hell shall give back that which it 

owes. 

2. And he shall choose the righteous and holy from among 

them: For the day has drawn nigh that they should be saved. 

3. And the Elect One shall in those days sit on My throne, 

And his mouth shall pour forth all the secrets of wisdom and 

counsel: For the Lord of Spirits hath given them to him and 

hath glorified him. 

4. And in those days shall the mountains leap like rams, And 

the hills also shall skip like lambs satisfied with milk, And the 

faces of all the angels in heaven shall be lighted up with joy. 

5. For in those days the Elect One shall arise, And the earth 

shall rejoice, And the righteous shall dwell upon it, And the 

elect shall walk thereon. 

CHAPTER 52 

1. And after those days in that place where I had seen all the 

visions of that which is hidden--for I had been carried off in a 

whirlwind and they had borne me towards the west. 

2. There mine eyes saw all the secret things of heaven that 

shall be, a mountain of iron, and a mountain of copper, and a 

mountain of silver, and a mountain of gold, and a mountain of 

soft metal, and a mountain of lead. 

3. And I asked the angel who went with me, saying, 'What 

things are these which I have seen in secret?" 

4. And he said unto me: 'All these things which thou hast seen 

shall serve the dominion of His Anointed that he may be 

potent and mighty on the earth.' 

5. And that angel of peace answered, saying unto me: 'Wait a 

little, and there shall be revealed unto thee all the secret things 

which surround the Lord of Spirits. 

6. And these mountains which thine eyes have seen, The 

mountain of iron, and the mountain of copper, and the 

mountain of silver, And the mountain of gold, and the 

mountain of soft metal, and the mountain of lead, All these 

shall be in the presence of the Elect One as wax: before the 

fire, And like the water which streams down from above upon 

those mountains, And they shall become powerless before his 

feet. 

7. And it shall come to pass in those days that none shall be 

saved, Either by gold or by silver, And none be able to escape. 

8. And there shall be no iron for war, Nor shall one clothe 

oneself with a breastplate. Bronze shall be of no service, And 

tin shall be of no service and shall not be esteemed, And lead 

shall not be desired. 

9. And all these things shall be denied and destroyed from the 

surface of the earth, When the Elect One shall appear before 

the face of the Lord of Spirits." 

CHAPTER 53 

1. There mine eyes saw a deep valley with open mouths, and 

all who dwell on the earth and sea and islands shall bring to 

him gifts and presents and tokens of homage, but that deep 

valley shall not become full. 

2. And their hands commit lawless deeds, And the sinners 

devour all whom they lawlessly oppress: Yet the sinners shall 

be destroyed before the face of the Lord of Spirits, And they 

shall be banished from off the face of His earth, And they 

shall perish for ever and ever. 

3. For I saw all the angels of punishment abiding there and 

preparing all the instruments of Satan. 

4. And I asked the angel of peace who went with me: 'For 

whom are they preparing these instruments?' 

5. And he said unto me: 'They prepare these for the kings and 

the mighty of this earth, that they may thereby be destroyed. 

6. And after this the Righteous and Elect One shall cause the 

house of his congregation to appear: henceforth they shall be 

no more hindered in the name of the Lord of Spirits. 

7. And these mountains shall not stand as the earth before his 

righteousness, But the hills shall be as a fountain of water, 

And the righteous shall have rest from the oppression of 

sinners." 

CHAPTER 54 

1. And I looked and turned to another part of the earth, and 

saw there a deep valley with burning fire. 

2. And they brought the kings and the mighty, and began to 

cast them into this deep valley. 

3. And there mine eyes saw how they made these their 

instruments, iron chains of immeasurable weight. 

4. And I asked the angel of peace who went with me, saying: 

"For whom are these chains being prepared?" 

5. And he said unto me: 'These are being prepared for the 

hosts of Azazél, so that they may take them and cast them into 

the abyss of complete condemnation, and they shall cover 

their jaws with rough stones as the Lord of Spirits 

commanded. 

6. And Michael, and Gabriel, and Raphael, and Phanuel shall 

take hold of them on that great day, and cast them on that day 

into the burning furnace, that the Lord of Spirits may take 

vengeance on them for their unrighteousness in becoming 

subject to Satan and leading astray those who dwell on the 

earth." 

7. 'And in those days shall punishment come from the Lord of 

Spirits, and he will open all the chambers of waters which are 

above the heavens, and of the fountains which are beneath the 

earth. 

8. And all the waters shall be joined with the waters: that 

which is above the heavens is the masculine, and the water 

which is beneath the earth is the feminine. 

9. And they shall destroy all who dwell on the earth and those 

who dwell under the ends of the heaven. 

10. And when they have recognized their unrighteousness 

which they have wrought on the earth, then by these shall they 

perish. 

CHAPTER 55 

1. And after that the Head of Days repented and said: 'In vain 

have I destroyed all who dwell on the earth.' 

2. And He sware by His great name: 'Henceforth I will not do 

so to all who dwell on the earth, and I will set a sign in the 

heaven: and this shall be a pledge of good faith between Me 

and them for ever, so long as heaven is above the earth. And 

this is in accordance with My command.' 

3. When I have desired to take hold of them by the hand of the 

angels on the day of tribulation and pain because of this, I will 

cause My chastisement and My wrath to abide upon them, 

saith God, the Lord of Spirits. 

4. Ye mighty kings who dwell on the earth, ye shall have to 

behold Mine Elect One, how he sits on the throne of glory and 

judges Azazél, and all his associates, and all his hosts in the 

name of the Lord of Spirits.' 

CHAPTER 56 

1. And I saw there the hosts of the angels of punishment going, 

and they held scourges and chains of iron and bronze. 

2. And I asked the angel of peace who went with me, saying: 

'To whom are these who hold the scourges going?" 

3. And he said unto me: 'To their elect and beloved ones, that 

they may be cast into the chasm of the abyss of the valley. 

4. And then that valley shall be filled with their elect and 

beloved, And the days of their lives shall be at an end, And 

the days of their leading astray shall not thenceforward be 

reckoned. 

5. And in those days the angels shall return, And hurl 

themselves to the east upon the Parthians and Medes: They 

shall stir up the kings, so that a spirit of unrest shall come 

upon them, And they shall rouse them from their thrones, That 

they may break forth as lions from their lairs, And as hungry 

wolves among their flocks. 

6. And they shall go up and tread under foot the land of His 

elect ones, And the land of His elect ones shall be before them 

a threshing-floor and a highway: 

7. But the city of my righteous shall be a hindrance to their 

horses. And they shall begin to fight among themselves, And 

their right hand shall be strong against themselves, And a man 

shall not know his brother, Nor a son his father or his mother, 

Till there be no number of the corpses through their slaughter, 

And their punishment be not in vain. 

8. In those days Sheol shall open its jaws, And they shall be 

swallowed up therein, And their destruction shall be at an end; 

Sheol shall devour the sinners in the presence of the elect.' 

CHAPTER 57 

1. And it came to pass after this that I saw another host of 

wagons, and men riding thereon, and coming on the winds 

from the east, and from the west to the south. 

2. And the noise of their wagons was heard, and when this 

turmoil took place the holy ones from heaven remarked it, and 

the pillars of the earth were moved from their place, and the 

sound thereof was heard from the one end of heaven to the 

other, in one day. 

3. And they shall all fall down and worship the Lord of Spirits. 

And this is the end of the second Parable. 

CHAPTER 58 

1. And I began to speak the third Parable concerning the 

righteous and elect. 

2. Blessed are ye, ye righteous and elect, For glorious shall be 

your lot. 

3. And the righteous shall be in the light of the sun. And the 

elect in the light of eternal life: The days of their life shall be 

unending, And the days of the holy without number. 

4. And they shall seek the light and find righteousness with 

the Lord of Spirits: There shall be peace to the righteous in the 

name of the Eternal Lord. 

5. And after this it shall be said to the holy in heaven, That 

they should seek out the secrets of righteousness, the heritage 

of faith: For it has become bright as the sun upon earth, And 

the darkness is past. 

6. And there shall be a light that never endeth, And to a limit 

of days they shall not come, For the darkness shall first have 

been destroyed, And the light established before the Lord of 

Spirits, And the light of uprightness established for ever 

before the Lord of Spirits. 

CHAPTER 59 

1. In those days mine eyes saw the secrets of the lightnings, 

and of the lights, and the judgements they execute and they 

lighten for a blessing or a curse as the Lord of Spirits willeth. 

2. And there I saw the secrets of the thunder, and how when it 

resounds above in the heaven, the sound thereof is heard, and 

he caused me to see the judgements executed on the earth, 

whether they be for well-being and blessing, or for a curse 

according to the word of the Lord of Spirits. 

3. And after that all the secrets of the lights and lightnings 

were shown to me, and they lighten for blessing and for 

satisfying. 

CHAPTER 60 

1. In the year five hundred, in the seventh month, on the 

fourteenth day of the month in the life of Enoch. In that 

Parable I saw how a mighty quaking made the heaven of 

heavens to quake, and the host of the Most High, and the 

angels, a thousand thousands and ten thousand times ten 

thousand, were disquieted with a great disquiet. 

2. And the Head of Days sat on the throne of His glory, and 

the angels and the righteous stood around Him. 

3. And a great trembling seized me, And fear took hold of me, 

And my loins gave way, And dissolved were my reins, And I 

fell upon my face. 

4. And Michael sent another angel from among the holy ones 

and he raised me up, and when he had raised me up my spirit 

returned; for I had not been able to endure the look of this host, 

and the commotion and the quaking of the heaven. And 

Michael said unto me: 'Why art thou disquieted with such a 

vision? Until this day lasted the day of His mercy; and He 

hath been merciful and long-suffering towards those who 

dwell on the earth. 

5. And when the day, and the power, and the punishment, and 

the judgement come, which the Lord of Spirits hath prepared 

for those who worship not the righteous law, and for those 

who deny the righteous judgement, and for those who take His 

name in vain--that day is prepared, for the elect a covenant, 

but for sinners an inquisition. 

6. When the punishment of the Lord of Spirits shall rest upon 

them, it shall rest in order that the punishment of the Lord of 

Spirits may not come, in vain, and it shall slay the children 

with their mothers and the children with their fathers. 

Afterwards the judgement shall take place according to His 

mercy and His patience." 

7. And on that day were two monsters parted, a female 

monster named Leviathan, to dwell in the abysses of the ocean 

over the fountains of the waters. 

8. But the male is named Behemoth, who occupied with his 

breast a waste wilderness named Diidain, on the east of the 

garden where the elect and righteous dwell, where my 

grandfather was taken up, the seventh from Adam, the first 

man whom the Lord of Spirits created. 

9. And I besought the other angel that he should show me the 

might of those monsters, how they were parted on one day 

and cast, the one into the abysses of the sea, and the other unto 

the dry land of the wilderness. 

10. And he said to me: 'Thou son of man, herein thou dost 

seek to know what is hidden.' 

11. And the other angel who went with me and showed me 

what was hidden told me what is first and last in the heaven in 

the height, and beneath the earth in the depth, and at the ends 

of the heaven, and on the foundation of the heaven. 

12. And the chambers of the winds, and how the winds are 

divided, and how they are weighed, and how the portals of the 

winds are reckoned, each according to the power of the wind, 

and the power of the lights of the moon, and according to the 

power that is fitting: and the divisions of the stars according to 

their names, and how all the divisions are divided. 

13. And the thunders according to the places where they fall, 

and all the divisions that are made among the lightnings that it 

may lighten, and their host that they may at once obey. 

14. For the thunder has places of rest which are assigned to it 

while it is waiting for its peal; and the thunder and lightning 

are inseparable, and although not one and undivided, they 

both go together through the spirit and separate not. 

15. For when the lightning lightens, the thunder utters its 

voice, and the spirit enforces a pause during the peal, and 

divides equally between them; for the treasury of their peals is 

like the sand, and each one of them as it peals is held in with a 

bridle, and turned back by the power of the spirit, and pushed 

forward according to the many quarters of the earth. 

16. And the spirit of the sea is masculine and strong, and 

according to the might of his strength he draws it back with a 

rein, and in like manner it is driven forward and disperses 

amid all the mountains of the earth. 

17. And the spirit of the hoar-frost is his own angel, and the 

spirit of the hail is a good angel. 

18. And the spirit of the snow has forsaken his chambers on 

account of his strength--There is a special spirit therein, and 

that which ascends from it is like smoke, and its name is frost. 

19. And the spirit of the mist is not united with them in their 

chambers, but it has a special chamber; for its course is 

glorious both in light and in darkness, and in winter and in 

summer, and in its chamber is an angel. 

20. And the spirit of the dew has its dwelling at the ends of the 

heaven, and is connected with the chambers of the rain, and its 

course is in winter and summer: and its clouds and the clouds 

of the mist are connected, and the one gives to the other. 

21. And when the spirit of the rain goes forth from its 

chamber, the angels come and open the chamber and lead it 

out, and when it is diffused over the whole earth it unites with 

the water on the earth. And whensoever it unites with the 

water on the earth... 

22. For the waters are for those who dwell on the earth; for 

they are nourishment for the earth from the Most High who is 

in heaven: therefore there is a measure for the rain, and the 

angels take it in charge. 

23. And these things I saw towards the Garden of the 

Righteous. 

24. And the angel of peace who was with me said to me: 

'These two monsters, prepared conformably to the greatness of 

God, shall feed .. . 

CHAPTER 61 

1. And I saw in those days how long cords were given to those 

angels, and they took to themselves wings and flew, and they 

went towards the north. 

2. And I asked the angel, saying unto him: 'Why have those 

angels taken these cords and gone off?' And he said unto me: 

'They have gone to measure.' 

3. And the angel who went with me said unto me: 'These shall 

bring the measures of the righteous, And the ropes of the 

righteous to the righteous, That they may stay themselves on 

the name of the Lord of Spirits for ever and ever. 

4. The elect shall begin to dwell with the elect, And those are 

the measures which shall be given to faith, And which shall 

strengthen righteousness. 

5. And these measures shall reveal all the secrets of the depths 

of the earth, And those who have been destroyed by the desert, 

And those who have been devoured by the beasts, And those 

who have been devoured by the fish of the sea, That they may 

return and stay themselves, On the day of the Elect One; For 

none shall be destroyed before the Lord of Spirits, And none 

can be destroyed. 

6. And all who dwell above in the heaven received a 

command and power and one voice and one light like unto fire. 

7. And that One with their first words they blessed, And 

extolled and lauded with wisdom, And they were wise in 

utterance and in the spirit of life. 

8. And the Lord of Spirits placed the Elect one on the throne 

of glory. And he shall judge all the works of the holy above in 

the heaven, And in the balance shall their deeds be weighed, 

9. And when he shall lift up his countenance, To judge their 

secret ways according to the word of the name of the Lord of 

Spirits, And their path according to the way of the righteous 

judgement of the Lord of Spirits, Then shall they all with one 

voice speak and bless, And glorify and extol and sanctify the 

name of the Lord of Spirits. 

10. And He will summon all the host of the heavens, and all 

the holy ones above, and the host of God, the Cherubic, 

Seraphin and Ophannin, and all the angels of power, and all 

the angels of principalities, and the Elect One, and the other 

powers on the earth and over the water. 

11. On that day shall raise one voice, and bless and glorify and 

exalt in the spirit of faith, and in the spirit of wisdom, and in 

the spirit of patience, and in the spirit of mercy, and in the 

spirit of judgement and of peace, and in the spirit of goodness, 

and shall all say with one voice: "Blessed is He, and may the 

name of the Lord of Spirits be blessed for ever and ever." 

12. All who sleep not above in heaven shall bless Him: All the 

holy ones who are in heaven shall bless Him, And all the elect 

who dwell in the garden of life: And every spirit of light who 

is able to bless, and glorify, and extol, and hallow Thy blessed 

name, And all flesh shall beyond measure glorify and bless 

Thy name for ever and ever. 

13. For great is the mercy of the Lord of Spirits, and He is 

long-suffering, And all His works and all that He has created 

He has revealed to the righteous and elect, In the name of the 

Lord of Spirits. 

CHAPTER 62 

1. And thus the Lord commanded the kings and the mighty 

and the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, and said: 

‘Open your eyes and lift up your horns if ye are able to 

recognize the Elect One." 

2. And the Lord of Spirits seated him on the throne of His 

glory, And the spirit of righteousness was poured out upon 

him, And the word of his mouth slays all the sinners, And all 

the unrighteous are destroyed from before his face. 

3. And there shall stand up in that day all the kings and the 

mighty, And the exalted and those who hold the earth, And 

they shall see and recognize How he sits on the throne of his 

glory, And righteousness is judged before him, And no lying 

word is spoken before him. 

4. Then shall pain come upon them as on a woman in travail, 

And she has pain in bringing forth, When her child enters the 

mouth of the womb, And she has pain in bringing forth. 

5. And one portion of them shall look on the other, And they 

shall be terrified, And they shall be downcast of countenance, 

And pain shall seize them, When they see that Son of Man 

Sitting on the throne of his glory. 

6. And the kings and the mighty and all who possess the earth 

shall bless and glorify and extol him who rules over all, who 

was hidden. 

7. For from the beginning the Son of Man was hidden, And 

the Most High preserved him in the presence of His might, 

And revealed him to the elect. 

8. And the congregation of the elect and holy shall be sown, 

And all the elect shall stand before him on that day. 

9. And all the kings and the mighty and the exalted and those 

who rule the earth, Shall fall down before him on their faces, 

And worship and set their hope upon that Son of Man, And 

petition him and supplicate for mercy at his hands. 

10. Nevertheless that Lord of Spirits will so press them, That 

they shall hastily go forth from His presence, And their faces 

shall be filled with shame, And the darkness grow deeper on 

their faces. 

11. And He will deliver them to the angels for punishment, To 

execute vengeance on them because they have oppressed His 

children and His elect, 

12. And they shall be a spectacle for the righteous and for His 

elect: They shall rejoice over them, Because the wrath of the 

Lord of Spirits resteth upon them, And His sword is drunk 

with their blood. 

13. And the righteous and elect shall be saved on that day, 

And they shall never thenceforward see the face of the sinners 

and unrighteous. 

14. And the Lord of Spirits will abide over them, And with 

that Son of Man shall they eat, And lie down and rise up for 

ever and ever. 

15. And the righteous and elect shall have risen from the earth, 

And ceased to be of downcast countenance. And they shall 

have been clothed with garments of glory, 

16. And these shall be the garments of life from the Lord of 

Spirits: And your garments shall not grow old, Nor your glory 

pass away before the Lord of Spirits. 

CHAPTER 63 

1. In those days shall the mighty and the kings who possess 

the earth implore Him to grant them a little respite from His 

angels of punishment to whom they were delivered, that they 

might fall down and worship before the Lord of Spirits, and 

confess their sins before Him. 

2. And they shall bless and glorify the Lord of Spirits, and say: 

"Blessed is the Lord of Spirits and the Lord of kings, And the 

Lord of the mighty and the Lord of the rich, And the Lord of 

glory and the Lord of wisdom, 

3. And splendid in every secret thing is Thy power from 

generation to generation, And Thy glory for ever and ever: 

Deep are all Thy secrets and innumerable, And Thy 

righteousness is beyond reckoning. 

4. We have now learnt that we should glorify, And bless the 

Lord of kings and Him who is king over all kings." 

5. And they shall say: 'Would that we had rest to glorify and 

give thanks, And confess our faith before His glory! 

6. And now we long for a little rest but find it not: We follow 

hard upon and obtain it not: And light has vanished from 

before us, And darkness is our dwelling-place for ever and 

ever: 

7. For we have not believed before Him, Nor glorified the 

name of the Lord of Spirits, nor glorified our Lord, But our 

hope was in the sceptre of our kingdom, And in our glory. 

8. And in the day of our suffering and tribulation He saves us 

not, And we find no respite for confession, That our Lord is 

true in all His works, and in His judgements and His justice, 

And His judgements have no respect of persons. 

9. And we pass away from before His face on account of our 

works, And all our sins are reckoned up in righteousness.' 

10. Now they shall say unto themselves: 'Our souls are full of 

unrighteous gain, but it does not prevent us from descending 

from the midst thereof into the burden of Sheol.' 

11. And after that their faces shall be filled with darkness, 

And shame before that Son of Man, And they shall be driven 

from his presence, And the sword shall abide before his face 

in their midst. 

12. Thus spake the Lord of Spirits: 'This is the ordinance and 

judgement with respect to the mighty and the kings and the 

exalted and those who possess the earth before the Lord of 

Spirits." 

CHAPTER 64 

1. And other forms I saw hidden in that place. 

2. I heard the voice of the angel saying: 'These are the angels 

who descended to the earth, and revealed what was hidden to 

the children of men and seduced the children of men into 

committing sin." 

CHAPTER 65 

1. And in those days Noah saw the earth that it had sunk down 

and its destruction was nigh. 

2. And he arose from thence and went to the ends of the earth, 

and cried aloud to his grandfather Enoch: and Noah said three 

times with an embittered voice: Hear me, hear me, hear me.' 

3. And I said unto him: 'Tell me what it is that is falling out on 

the earth that the earth is in such evil plight and shaken, lest 

perchance I shall perish with it?' 

4. And thereupon there was a great commotion, on the earth, 

and a voice was heard from heaven, and I fell on my face. 

5. And Enoch my grandfather came and stood by me, and said 

unto me: 'Why hast thou cried unto me with a bitter cry and 

weeping? 

6. And a command has gone forth from the presence of the 

Lord concerning those who dwell on the earth that their ruin is 

accomplished because they have learnt all the secrets of the 

angels, and all the violence of the Satans, and all their powers- 

-the most secret ones--and all the power of those who practice 

sorcery, and the power of witchcraft, and the power of those 

who make molten images for the whole earth: 

7. And how silver is produced from the dust of the earth, and 

how soft metal originates in the earth. 

8. For lead and tin are not produced from the earth like the 

first: it is a fountain that produces them, and an angel stands 

therein, and that angel is pre-eminent.' 

9. And after that my grandfather Enoch took hold of me by 

my hand and raised me up, and said unto me: 'Go, for I have 

asked the Lord of Spirits as touching this commotion on the 

earth. 

10. And He said unto me: "Because of their unrighteousness 

their judgement has been determined upon and shall not be 

withheld by Me for ever. Because of the sorceries which they 

have searched out and learnt, the earth and those who dwell 

upon it shall be destroyed." 

11. And these--they have no place of repentance for ever, 

because they have shown them what was hidden, and they are 

the damned: but as for thee, my son, the Lord of Spirits knows 

that thou art pure, and guiltless of this reproach concerning the 

secrets. 

12. And He has destined thy name to be among the holy, And 

will preserve thee amongst those who dwell on the earth, And 

has destined thy righteous seed both for kingship and for great 

honours, And from thy seed shall proceed a fountain of the 

righteous and holy without number for ever. 

CHAPTER 66 

1. And after that he showed me the angels of punishment who 

are prepared to come and let loose all the powers of the waters 

which are beneath in the earth in order to bring judgement and 

destruction on all who abide and dwell on the earth. 

2. And the Lord of Spirits gave commandment to the angels 

who were going forth, that they should not cause the waters to 

rise but should hold them in check; for those angels were over 

the powers of the waters. 

3. And I went away from the presence of Enoch. 

CHAPTER 67 

1. And in those days the word of God came unto me, and He 

said unto me: 'Noah, thy lot has come up before Me, a lot 

without blame, a lot of love and uprightness. 

2. And now the angels are making a wooden building, and 

when they have completed that task I will place My hand 

upon it and preserve it, and there shall come forth from it the 

seed of life, and a change shall set in so that the earth will not 

remain without inhabitant. 

3. And I will make fast thy seed before me for ever and ever, 

and I will spread abroad those who dwell with thee: it shall 

not be unfruitful on the face of the earth, but it shall be 

blessed and multiply on the earth in the name of the Lord." 

4. And He will imprison those angels, who have shown 

unrighteousness, in that burning valley which my grandfather 

Enoch had formerly shown to me in the west among the 

mountains of gold and silver and iron and soft metal and tin. 

5. And I saw that valley in which there was a great convulsion 

and a convulsion of the waters. 

6. And when all this took place, from that fiery molten metal 

and from the convulsion thereof in that place, there was 

produced a smell of sulphur, and it was connected with those 

waters, and that valley of the angels who had led astray 

mankind burned beneath that land. 

7. And through its valleys proceed streams of fire, where these 

angels are punished who had led astray those who dwell upon 

the earth. 

8. But those waters shall in those days serve for the kings and 

the mighty and the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, 

for the healing of the body, but for the punishment of the spirit; 

now their spirit is full of lust, that they may be punished in 

their body, for they have denied the Lord of Spirits and see 

their punishment daily, and yet believe not in His name. 

9. And in proportion as the burning of their bodies becomes 

severe, a corresponding change shall take place in their spirit 

for ever and ever; for before the Lord of Spirits none shall 

utter an idle word. 

10. For the judgement shall come upon them, because they 

believe in the lust of their body and deny the Spirit of the Lord. 

11. And those same waters will undergo a change in those 

days; for when those angels are punished in these waters, 

these water-springs shall change their temperature, and when 

the angels ascend, this water of the springs shall change and 

become cold. 

12. And I heard Michael answering and saying: 'This 

judgement wherewith the angels are judged is a testimony for 

the kings and the mighty who possess the earth.' 

13. Because these waters of judgement minister to the healing 

of the body of the kings and the lust of their body; therefore 

they will not see and will not believe that those waters will 

change and become a fire which burns for ever. 

CHAPTER 68 

1. And after that my grandfather Enoch gave me the teaching 

of all the secrets in the book in the Parables which had been 

given to him, and he put them together for me in the words of 

the book of the Parables. 

2. And on that day Michael answered Raphael and said: 'The 

power of the spirit transports and makes me to tremble 

because of the severity of the judgement of the secrets, the 

judgement of the angels: who can endure the severe 

judgement which has been executed, and before which they 

melt away?" 

3. And Michael answered again, and said to Raphael: "Who is 

he whose heart is not softened concerning it, and whose reins 

are not troubled by this word of judgement that has gone forth 

upon them because of those who have thus led them out?" 

4. And it came to pass when he stood before the Lord of 

Spirits, Michael said thus to Raphael: 'I will not take their part 

under the eye of the Lord; for the Lord of Spirits has been 

angry with them because they do as if they were the Lord. 

Therefore all that is hidden shall come upon them for ever and 

ever; for neither angel nor man shall have his portion in it, but 

alone they have received their judgement for ever and ever.' 

CHAPTER 69 

1. And after this judgement they shall terrify and make them 

to tremble because they have shown this to those who dwell 

on the earth. 

2. And behold the names of those angels and these are their 

names: the first of them is Samjaza, the second Artaqifa, and 

the third Armén, the fourth K6kabél, the fifth Tardaél, the sixth 

Rtmyjal, the seventh Danjal, the eighth Néqaél, the ninth 

Baragél, the tenth Azazél, the eleventh Armarés, the twelfth 

Batarjal, the thirteenth Busaséjal, the fourteenth Hananél, the 

fifteenth Tirél, and the sixteenth Simapésiél, the seventeenth 

Jetrél, the eighteenth Timaél, the nineteenth Tirél, the 

twentieth Rumaél, the twenty-first Azazél. 

3. And these are the chiefs of their angels and their names, 

and their chief ones over hundreds and over fifties and over 

tens. 

4. The name of the first Jeqon: that is, the one who led astray 

all the sons of God, and brought them down to the earth, and 

led them astray through the daughters of men. 

5. And the second was named Asbeél: he imparted to the holy 

sons of God evil counsel, and led them astray so that they 

defiled their bodies with the daughters of men. 

6. And the third was named Gadreél: he it is who showed the 

children of men all the blows of death, and he led astray Eve, 

and showed the weapons of death to the sons of men the 

shield and the coat of mail, and the sword for battle, and all 

the weapons of death to the children of men. 

7. And from his hand they have proceeded against those who 

dwell on the earth from that day and for evermore. 

8. And the fourth was named Pénémte: he taught the children 

of men the bitter and the sweet, and he taught them all the 

secrets of their wisdom. 

9. And he instructed mankind in writing with ink and paper, 

and thereby many sinned from eternity to eternity and until 

this day. 

10. For men were not created for such a purpose, to give 

confirmation to their good faith with pen and ink. 

11. For men were created exactly like the angels, to the intent 

that they should continue pure and righteous, and death, which 

destroys everything, could not have taken hold of them, but 

through this their knowledge they are perishing, and through 

this power it is consuming me. 

12. And the fifth was named KAsdeja: this is he who showed 

the children of men all the wicked smitings of spirits and 

demons, and the smitings of the embryo in the womb, that it 

may pass away, and the smitings of the soul the bites of the 

serpent, and the smitings which befall through the noontide 

heat, the son of the serpent named Tabaa‘ét. 

13. And this is the task of Kasbeél, the chief of the oath which 

he showed to the holy ones when he dwelt high above in glory, 

and its name is Biga. 

14. This angel requested Michael to show him the hidden 

name, that he might enunciate it in the oath, so that those 

might quake before that name and oath who revealed all that 

was in secret to the children of men. 

15. And this is the power of this oath, for it is powerful and 

strong, and he placed this oath Akae in the hand of Michael. 

16. And these are the secrets of this oath ... And they are 

strong through his oath: And the heaven was suspended before 

the world was created, And for ever. 

17. And through it the earth was founded upon the water, And 

from the secret recesses of the mountains come beautiful 

waters, From the creation of the world and unto eternity. 

18. And through that oath the sea was created, And as its 

foundation He set for it the sand against the time of its anger, 

And it dare not pass beyond it from the creation of the world 

unto eternity. 

19. And through that oath are the depths made fast, And abide 

and stir not from their place from eternity to eternity. 

20. And through that oath the sun and moon complete their 

course, And deviate not from their ordinance from eternity to 

eternity. 

21. And through that oath the stars complete their course, And 

He calls them by their names, And they answer Him from 

eternity to eternity. 

22. And in like manner the spirits of the water, and of the 

winds, and of all zephyrs, and their paths from all the quarters 

of the winds. 

23. And there are preserved the voices of the thunder and the 

light of the lightnings: and there are preserved the chambers of 

the hail and the chambers of the hoarfrost, and the chambers 

of the mist, and the chambers of the rain and the dew. 

24. And all these believe and give thanks before the Lord of 

Spirits, and glorify Him with all their power, and their food is 

in every act of thanksgiving: they thank and glorify and extol 

the name of the Lord of Spirits for ever and ever. 

25. And this oath is mighty over them, And through it they are 

preserved and their paths are preserved, And their course is 

not destroyed. 

26. And there was great joy amongst them, And they blessed 

and glorified and extolled because the name of that Son of 

Man had been revealed unto them. 

27. And he sat on the throne of his glory, And the sum of 

judgement was given unto the Son of Man, And he caused the 

sinners to pass away and be destroyed from off the face of the 

earth, And those who have led the world astray. 

28. With chains shall they be bound, And in their assemblage- 

place of destruction shall they be imprisoned, And all their 

works vanish from the face of the earth. 

29. And from henceforth there shall be nothing corruptible; 

For that Son of Man has appeared, And has seated himself on 

the throne of his glory, And all evil shall pass away before his 

face, And the word of that Son of Man shall go forth and be 

strong before the Lord of Spirits. 

CHAPTER 70 

1. And it came to pass after this that his name during his 

lifetime was raised aloft to that Son of Man and to the Lord of 

Spirits from amongst those who dwell on the earth. 

2. And he was raised aloft on the chariots of the spirit and his 

name vanished among them. 

3. And from that day I was no longer numbered amongst them: 

and he set me between the two winds, between the North and 

the West, where the angels took the cords to measure for me 

the place for the elect and righteous. 

4. And there I saw the first fathers and the righteous who from 

the beginning dwell in that place. 

CHAPTER 71 

1. And it came to pass after this that my spirit was translated, 

And it ascended into the heavens: And I saw the holy sons of 

God. They were stepping on flames of fire: Their garments 

were white and their raiment, And their faces shone like snow. 

2. And I saw two streams of fire, And the light of that fire 

shone like hyacinth, And I fell on my face before the Lord of 

Spirits. 

3. And the angel Michael one of the archangels seized me by 

my right hand, And lifted me up and led me forth into all the 

secrets, And he showed me all the secrets of righteousness. 

4. And he showed me all the secrets of the ends of the heaven, 

And all the chambers of all the stars, and all the luminaries, 

Whence they proceed before the face of the holy ones. 

5. And he translated my spirit into the heaven of heavens, And 

I saw there as it were a structure built of crystals, And 

between those crystals tongues of living fire. 

6. And my spirit saw the girdle which girt that house of fire, 

And on its four sides were streams full of living fire, And they 

girt that house. 

7. And round about were Seraphin, Cherubic, and Ophannin: 

And these are they who sleep not, And guard the throne of His 

glory. 

8. And I saw angels who could not be counted, A thousand 

thousands, and ten thousand times ten thousand, Encircling 

that house. And Michael, and Raphael, and Gabriel, and 

Phanuel, And the holy angels who are above the heavens, Go 

in and out of that house. 

9. And they came forth from that house, And Michael and 

Gabriel, Raphael and Phanuel, And many holy angels without 

number. 

10. And with them the Head of Days, His head white and pure 

as wool, And His raiment indescribable. 

11. And I fell on my face, And my whole body became 

relaxed, And my spirit was transfigured; And I cried with a 

loud voice, . . .with the spirit of power, And blessed and 

glorified and extolled. 

12. And these blessings which went forth out of my mouth 

were well pleasing before that Head of Days. 

13. And that Head of Days came with Michael and Gabriel, 

Raphael and Phanuel, thousands and ten thousands of angels 

without number. 

14. And he came to me and greeted me with His voice, and 

said unto me: 'This is the Son of Man who is born unto 

righteousness; And righteousness abides over him, And the 

righteousness of the Head of Days forsakes him not.' 

15. And he said unto me: 'He proclaims unto thee peace in the 

name of the world to come; For from hence has proceeded 

peace since the creation of the world, And so shall it be unto 

thee for ever and for ever and ever. 

16. And all shall walk in his ways since righteousness never 

forsaketh him: With him will be their dwelling-places, and 

with him their heritage, And they shall not be separated from 

him for ever and ever and ever. 

17. And so there shall be length of days with that Son of Man, 

And the righteous shall have peace and an upright way, In the 

name of the Lord of Spirits for ever and ever.' 

CHAPTER 72 

1. The book of the courses of the luminaries of the heaven, the 

relations of each, according to their classes, their dominion 

and their seasons, according to their names and places of 

origin, and according to their months, which Uriel, the holy 

angel, who was with me, who is their guide, showed me; and 

he showed me all their laws exactly as they are, and how it is 

with regard to all the years of the world and unto eternity, till 

the new creation is accomplished which dureth till eternity. 

2. And this is the first law of the luminaries: the luminary the 

Sun has its rising in the eastern portals of the heaven, and its 

setting in the western portals of the heaven. 

3. And I saw six portals in which the sun rises, and six portals 

in which the sun sets and the moon rises and sets in these 

portals, and the leaders of the stars and those whom they lead: 

six in the east and six in the west, and all following each other 

in accurately corresponding order: also many windows to the 

right and left of these portals. 

4. And first there goes forth the great luminary, named the 

Sun, and his circumference is like the circumference of the 

heaven, and he is quite filled with illuminating and heating 

fire. 

5. The chariot on which he ascends, the wind drives, and the 

sun goes down from the heaven and returns through the north 

in order to reach the east, and is so guided that he comes to the 

appropriate portal and shines in the face of the heaven. 

6. In this way he rises in the first month in the great portal, 

which is the fourth those six portals in the cast. 

7. And in that fourth portal from which the sun rises in the 

first month are twelve window-openings, from which proceed 

a flame when they are opened in their season. 

8. When the sun rises in the heaven, he comes forth through 

that fourth portal thirty mornings in succession, and sets 

accurately in the fourth portal in the west of the heaven. 

9. And during this period the day becomes daily longer and 

the night nightly shorter to the thirtieth morning. 

10. On that day the day is longer than the night by a ninth part, 

and the day amounts exactly to ten parts and the night to eight 

parts. 

11. And the sun rises from that fourth portal, and sets in the 

fourth and returns to the fifth portal of the east thirty mornings, 

and rises from it and sets in the fifth portal. 

12. And then the day becomes longer by two parts and 

amounts to eleven parts, and the night becomes shorter and 

amounts to seven parts. 

13. And it returns to the east and enters into the sixth portal, 

and rises and sets in the sixth portal one-and-thirty mornings 

on account of its sign. 

14. On that day the day becomes longer than the night, and the 

day becomes double the night, and the day becomes twelve 

parts, and the night is shortened and becomes six parts. 

15. And the sun mounts up to make the day shorter and the 

night longer, and the sun returns to the east and enters into the 

sixth portal, and rises from it and sets thirty mornings. 

16. And when thirty mornings are accomplished, the day 

decreases by exactly one part, and becomes eleven parts, and 

the night seven. 

17. And the sun goes forth from that sixth portal in the west, 

and goes to the east and rises in the fifth portal for thirty 

mornings, and sets in the west again in the fifth western portal. 

18. On that day the day decreases by two parts, and amounts 

to ten parts and the night to eight parts. 

19. And the sun goes forth from that fifth portal and sets in the 

fifth portal of the west, and rises in the fourth portal for one- 

and-thirty mornings on account of its sign, and sets in the west. 

20. On that day the day is equalized with the night, and 

becomes of equal length, and the night amounts to nine parts 

and the day to nine parts. 

21. And the sun rises from that portal and sets in the west, and 

returns to the east and rises thirty mornings in the third portal 

and sets in the west in the third portal. 

22. And on that day the night becomes longer than the day, 

and night becomes longer than night, and day shorter than day 

till the thirtieth morning, and the night amounts exactly to ten 

parts and the day to eight parts. 

23. And the sun rises from that third portal and sets in the 

third portal in the west and returns to the east, and for thirty 

mornings rises in the second portal in the east, and in like 

manner sets in the second portal in the west of the heaven. 

24. And on that day the night amounts to eleven parts and the 

day to seven parts. 

25. And the sun rises on that day from that second portal and 

sets in the west in the second portal, and returns to the east 

into the first portal for one-and-thirty mornings, and sets in the 

first portal in the west of the heaven. 

26. And on that day the night becomes longer and amounts to 

the double of the day: and the night amounts exactly to twelve 

parts and the day to six. 

27. And the sun has therewith traversed the divisions of his 

orbit and turns again on those divisions of his orbit, and enters 

that portal thirty mornings and sets also in the west opposite to 

It. 

28. And on that night has the night decreased in length by a 

ninth part, and the night has become eleven parts and the day 

seven parts. 

29. And the sun has returned and entered into the second 

portal in the east, and returns on those his divisions of his 

orbit for thirty mornings, rising and setting. 

30. And on that day the night decreases in length, and the 

night amounts to ten parts and the day to eight. 

31. And on that day the sun rises from that portal, and sets in 

the west, and returns to the east, and rises in the third portal 

for one-and-thirty mornings, and sets in the west of the heaven. 

32. On that day the night decreases and amounts to nine parts, 

and the day to nine parts, and the night is equal to the day and 

the year is exactly as to its days three hundred and sixty-four. 

33. And the length of the day and of the night, and the 

shortness of the day and of the night arise--through the course 

of the sun these distinctions are made. 

34. So it comes that its course becomes daily longer, and its 

course nightly shorter. 

35. And this is the law and the course of the sun, and his 

return as often as he returns sixty times and rises, i.e. the great 

luminary which is named the sun, for ever and ever. 

36. And that which thus rises is the great luminary, and is so 

named according to its appearance, according as the Lord 

commanded. 

37. As he rises, so he sets and decreases not, and rests not, but 

runs day and night, and his light is sevenfold brighter than that 

of the moon; but as regards size they are both equal. 

CHAPTER 73 

1. And after this law I saw another law dealing with the 

smaller luminary, which is named the Moon. 

2. And her circumference is like the circumference of the 

heaven, and her chariot in which she rides is driven by the 

wind, and light is given to her in definite measure. 

3. And her rising and setting change every month: and her 

days are like the days of the sun, and when her light is 

uniform it amounts to the seventh part of the light of the sun. 

4. And thus she rises. And her first phase in the east comes 

forth on the thirtieth morning: and on that day she becomes 

visible, and constitutes for you the first phase of the moon on 

the thirtieth day together with the sun in the portal where the 

sun rises. 

5. And the one half of her goes forth by a seventh part, and 

her whole circumference is empty, without light, with the 

exception of one-seventh part of it, and the fourteenth part of 

her light. 

6. And when she receives one-seventh part of the half of her 

light, her light amounts to one-seventh part and the half 

thereof. 

7. And she sets with the sun, and when the sun rises the moon 

rises with him and receives the half of one part of light, and in 

that night in the beginning of her morning in_ the 

commencement of the lunar day the moon sets with the sun, 

and is invisible that night with the fourteen parts and the half 

of one of them. 

8. And she rises on that day with exactly a seventh part, and 

comes forth and recedes from the rising of the sun, and in her 

remaining days she becomes bright in the remaining thirteen 

parts. 

CHAPTER 74 

1. And I saw another course, a law for her, and how according 

to that law she performs her monthly revolution. 

2. And all these Uriel, the holy angel who is the leader of 

them all, showed to me, and their positions, and I wrote down 

their positions as he showed them to me, and I wrote down 

their months as they were, and the appearance of their lights 

till fifteen days were accomplished. 

3. In single seventh parts she accomplishes all her light in the 

east, and in single seventh parts accomplishes all her darkness 

in the west. 

4. And in certain months she alters her settings, and in certain 

months she pursues her own peculiar course. 

5. In two months the moon sets with the sun: in those two 

middle portals the third and the fourth. 

6. She goes forth for seven days, and turns about and returns 

again through the portal where the sun rises, and accomplishes 

all her light: and she recedes from the sun, and in eight days 

enters the sixth portal from which the sun goes forth. 

7. And when the sun goes forth from the fourth portal she 

goes forth seven days, until she goes forth from the fifth and 

turns back again in seven days into the fourth portal and 

accomplishes all her light: and she recedes and enters into the 

first portal in eight days. 

8. And she returns again in seven days into the fourth portal 

from which the sun goes forth. 

9. Thus I saw their position--how the moons rose and the sun 

set in those days. 

10. And if five years are added together the sun has an 

overplus of thirty days, and all the days which accrue to it for 

one of those five years, when they are full, amount to 364 

days. 

11. And the overplus of the sun and of the stars amounts to six 

days: in 5 years 6 days every year come to 30 days: and the 

moon falls behind the sun and stars to the number of 30 days. 

12. And the sun and the stars bring in all the years exactly, so 

that they do not advance or delay their position by a single day 

unto eternity; but complete the years with perfect justice in 

364 days. 

13. In 3 years there are 1092 days, and in 5 years 1820 days, 

so that in 8 years there are 2912 days. 

14. For the moon alone the days amount in 3 years to 1062 

days, and in 5 years she falls 50 days behind: [i.e. to the sum 

(of 1770) there is to be added (1000 and) 62 days. ] 

15. And in 5 years there are 1770 days, so that for the moon 

the days in 8 years amount to 2832 days. 

16. [For in 8 years she falls behind to the amount of 80 days], 

all the days she falls behind in 8 years are 80. 

17. And the year is accurately completed in conformity with 

their world-stations and the stations of the sun, which rise 

from the portals through which it (the sun) rises and sets 30 

days. 

CHAPTER 75 

1. And the leaders of the heads of the thousands, who are 

placed over the whole creation and over all the stars, have also 

to do with the four intercalary days, being inseparable from 

their office, according to the reckoning of the year, and these 

render service on the four days which are not reckoned in the 

reckoning of the year. 

2. And owing to them men go wrong therein, for those 

luminaries truly render service on the world-stations, one in 

the first portal, one in the third portal of the heaven, one in the 

fourth portal, and one in the sixth portal, and the exactness of 

the year is accomplished through its separate three hundred 

and sixty-four stations. 

3. For the signs and the times and the years and the days the 

angel Uriel showed to me, whom the Lord of glory hath set 

for ever over all the luminaries of the heaven, in the heaven 

and in the world, that they should rule on the face of the 

heaven and be seen on the earth, and be leaders for the day 

and the night, ie. the sun, moon, and stars, and all the 

ministering creatures which make their revolution in all the 

chariots of the heaven. 

4. In like manner twelve doors Uriel showed me, open in the 

circumference of the sun's chariot in the heaven, through 

which the rays of the sun break forth: and from them is 

warmth diffused over the earth, when they are opened at their 

appointed seasons. 

5. And for the winds and the spirit of the dew when they are 

opened, standing open in the heavens at the ends. 

6. As for the twelve portals in the heaven, at the ends of the 

earth, out of which go forth the sun, moon, and stars, and all 

the works of heaven in the east and in the west. 

7. There are many windows open to the left and right of them, 

and one window at its appointed season produces warmth, 

corresponding as these do to those doors from which the stars 

come forth according as He has commanded them, and 

wherein they set corresponding to their number. 

8. And I saw chariots in the heaven, running in the world, 

above those portals in which revolve the stars that never set. 

9. And one is larger than all the rest, and it is that that makes 

its course through the entire world. 

CHAPTER 76 

1. And at the ends of the earth I saw twelve portals open to all 

the quarters of the heaven, from which the winds go forth and 

blow over the earth. 

2. Three of them are open on the face of the heavens, and 

three in the west, and three on the right of the heaven, and 

three on the left. 

3. And the three first are those of the east, and three are of the 

north, and three after those on the left of the south, and three 

of the west. 

4. Through four of these come winds of blessing and 

prosperity, and from those eight come hurtful winds: when 

they are sent, they bring destruction on all the earth and on the 

water upon it, and on all who dwell thereon, and on 

everything which is in the water and on the land. 

5. And the first wind from those portals, called the east wind, 

comes forth through the first portal which is in the east, 

inclining towards the south: from it come forth desolation, 

drought, heat, and destruction. 

6. And through the second portal in the middle comes what is 

fitting, and from it there come rain and fruitfulness and 

prosperity and dew; and through the third portal which lies 

toward the north come cold and drought. 

7. And after these come forth the south winds through three 

portals: through the first portal of them inclining to the east 

comes forth a hot wind. 

8. And through the middle portal next to it there come forth 

fragrant smells, and dew and rain, and prosperity and health. 

9. And through the third portal lying to the west come forth 

dew and rain, locusts and desolation. 

10. And after these the north winds: from the seventh portal in 

the east come dew and rain, locusts and desolation. 

11. And from the middle portal come in a direct direction 

health and rain and dew and prosperity; and through the third 

portal in the west come cloud and hoar-frost, and snow and 

rain, and dew and locusts. 

12. And after these [four] are the west winds: through the first 

portal adjoining the north come forth dew and hoar-frost, and 

cold and snow and frost. 

13. And from the middle portal come forth dew and rain, and 

prosperity and blessing; and through the last portal which 

adjoins the south come forth drought and desolation, and 

burning and destruction. 

14. And the twelve portals of the four quarters of the heaven 

are therewith completed, and all their laws and all their 

plagues and all their benefactions have I shown to thee, my 

son Methuselah. 

CHAPTER 77 

1. And the first quarter is called the east, because it is the first: 

and the second, the south, because the Most High will descend 

there, yea, there in quite a special sense will He who is blessed 

for ever descend. 

2. And the west quarter is named the diminished, because 

there all the luminaries of the heaven wane and go down. 

3. And the fourth quarter, named the north, is divided into 

three parts: the first of them is for the dwelling of men: and 

the second contains seas of water, and the abysses and forests 

and rivers, and darkness and clouds; and the third part 

contains the garden of righteousness. 

4. I saw seven high mountains, higher than all the mountains 

which are on the earth: and thence comes forth hoar-frost, and 

days, seasons, and years pass away. 

5. I saw seven rivers on the earth larger than all the rivers: one 

of them coming from the west pours its waters into the Great 

Sea. 

6. And these two come from the north to the sea and pour their 

waters into the Erythraean Sea in the east. 

7. And the remaining four come forth on the side of the north 

to their own sea, two of them to the Erythraean Sea, and two 

into the Great Sea and discharge themselves there and some 

say: into the desert. 

8. Seven great islands I saw in the sea and in the mainland: 

two in the mainland and five in the Great Sea. 

CHAPTER 78 

1. And the names of the sun are the following: the first Orjarés, 

and the second Tomas. 

2. And the moon has four names: the first name is Asonja, the 

second Ebla, the third Bendasé, and the fourth Erde. 

3. These are the two great luminaries: their circumference is 

like the circumference of the heaven, and the size of the 

circumference of both is alike. 

4. In the circumference of the sun there are seven portions of 

light which are added to it more than to the moon, and in 

definite measures it is s transferred till the seventh portion of 

the sun is exhausted. 

5. And they set and enter the portals of the west, and make 

their revolution by the north, and come forth through the 

eastern portals on the face of the heaven. 

6. And when the moon rises one-fourteenth part appears in the 

heaven: the light becomes full in her: on the fourteenth day 

she accomplishes her light. 

7. And fifteen parts of light are transferred to her till the 

fifteenth day when her light is accomplished, according to the 

sign of the year, and she becomes fifteen parts, and the moon 

grows by the addition of fourteenth parts. 

8. And in her waning the moon decreases on the first day to 

fourteen parts of her light, on the second to thirteen parts of 

light, on the third to twelve, on the fourth to eleven, on the 

fifth to ten, on the sixth to nine, on the seventh to eight, on the 

eighth to seven, on the ninth to six, on the tenth to five, on the 

eleventh to four, on the twelfth to three, on the thirteenth to 

two, on the fourteenth to the half of a seventh, and all her 

remaining light disappears wholly on the fifteenth. 

9. And in certain months the month has twenty-nine days and 

once twenty-eight. 

10. And Uriel showed me another law: when light is 

transferred to the moon, and on which side it is transferred to 

her by the sun. 

11. During all the period during which the moon is growing in 

her light, she is transferring it to herself when opposite to the 

sun during fourteen days her light is accomplished in the 

heaven, and when she is illumined throughout, her light is 

accomplished full in the heaven. 

12. And on the first day she is called the new moon, for on 

that day the light rises upon her. 

13. She becomes full moon exactly on the day when the sun 

sets in the west, and from the east she rises at night, and the 

moon shines the whole night through till the sun rises over 

against her and the moon is seen over against the sun. 

14. On the side whence the light of the moon comes forth, 

there again she wanes till all the light vanishes and all the 

days of the month are at an end, and her circumference is 

empty, void of light. 

15. And three months she makes of thirty days, and at her 

time she makes three months of twenty-nine days each, in 

which she accomplishes her waning in the first period of time, 

and in the first portal for one hundred and seventy-seven days. 

16. And in the time of her going out she appears for three 

months of thirty days each, and for three months she appears 

of twenty-nine each. 

17. At night she appears like a man for twenty days each time, 

and by day she appears like the heaven, and there is nothing 

else in her save her light. 

CHAPTER 79 

1. And now, my son, I have shown thee everything, and the 

law of all the stars of the heaven is completed. 

2. And he showed me all the laws of these for every day, and 

for every season of bearing rule, and for every year, and for its 

going forth, and for the order prescribed to it every month and 

every week: 

3. And the waning of the moon which takes place in the sixth 

portal: for in this sixth portal her light is accomplished, and 

after that there is the beginning of the waning: 

4. And the waning which takes place in the first portal in its 

season, till one hundred and seventy-seven days are 

accomplished: reckoned according to weeks, twenty-five 

weeks and two days. 

5. She falls behind the sun and the order of the stars exactly 

five days in the course of one period, and when this place 

which thou seest has been traversed. 

6. Such is the picture and sketch of every luminary which 

Uriel the archangel, who is their leader, showed unto me. 

CHAPTER 80 

1. And in those days the angel Uriel answered and said to me: 

"Behold, I have shown thee everything, Enoch, and I have 

revealed everything to thee that thou shouldst see this sun and 

this moon, and the leaders of the stars of the heaven and all 

those who turn them, their tasks and times and departures. 

2. And in the days of the sinners the years shall be shortened, 

And their seed shall be tardy on their lands and fields, And all 

things on the earth shall alter, And shall not appear in their 

time: And the rain shall be kept back, And the heaven shall 

withhold it. 

3. And in those times the fruits of the earth shall be backward, 

And shall not grow in their time, And the fruits of the trees 

shall be withheld in their time. 

4. And the moon shall alter her order, And not appear at her 

time. 

5. And in those days the sun shall be seen and he shall journey 

in the evening on the extremity of the great chariot in the west, 

And shall shine more brightly than accords with the order of 

light. 

6. And many chiefs of the stars shall transgress the order 

prescribed. And these shall alter their orbits and tasks, And 

not appear at the seasons prescribed to them. 

7. And the whole order of the stars shall be concealed from 

the sinners, And the thoughts of those on the earth shall err 

concerning them, And they shall be altered from all their ways, 

Yea, they shall err and take them to be gods. 

8. And evil shall be multiplied upon them, And punishment 

shall come upon them So as to destroy all.' 

CHAPTER 81 

1. And he said unto me: 'Observe, Enoch, these heavenly 

tablets, And read what is written thereon, And mark every 

individual fact.' 

2. And I observed the heavenly tablets, and read everything 

which was written thereon and understood everything, and 

read the book of all the deeds of mankind, and of all the 

children of flesh that shall be upon the earth to the remotest 

generations. 

3. And forthwith I blessed the great Lord the King of glory for 

ever, in that He has made all the works of the world, And I 

extolled the Lord because of His patience, And blessed Him 

because of the children of men. 

4. And after that I said: 'Blessed is the man who dies in 

righteousness and goodness, Concerning whom there is no 

book of unrighteousness written, And against whom no day of 

judgement shall be found." 

5. And those seven holy ones brought me and placed me on 

the earth before the door of my house, and said to me: 

"Declare everything to thy son Methuselah, and show to all thy 

children that no flesh is righteous in the sight of the Lord, for 

He is their Creator. 

6. One year we will leave thee with thy son, till thou givest 

thy last commands, that thou mayest teach thy children and 

record it for them, and testify to all thy children; and in the 

second year they shall take thee from their midst. 

7. Let thy heart be strong, For the good shall announce 

righteousness to the good; The righteous with the righteous 

shall rejoice, And shall offer congratulation to one another. 

8. But the sinners shall die with the sinners, And the apostate 

go down with the apostate. 

9. And those who practice righteousness shall die on account 

of the deeds of men, And be taken away on account of the 

doings of the godless.' 

10. And in those days they ceased to speak to me, and I came 

to my people, blessing the Lord of the world. 

CHAPTER 82 

1. And now, my son Methuselah, all these things I am 

recounting to thee and writing down for thee, and I have 

revealed to thee everything, and given thee books concerning 

all these: so preserve, my son Methuselah, the books from thy 

father's hand, and see that thou deliver them to the generations 

of the world. 

2. I have given Wisdom to thee and to thy children, And thy 

children that shall be to thee, That they may give it to their 

children for generations, This wisdom namely that passeth 

their thought. 

3. And those who understand it shall not sleep, But shall listen 

with the ear that they may learn this wisdom, And it shall 

please those that eat thereof better than good food. 

4. Blessed are all the righteous, blessed are all those who walk 

in the way of righteousness and sin not as the sinners, in the 

reckoning of all their days in which the sun traverses the 

heaven, entering into and departing from the portals for thirty 

days with the heads of thousands of the order of the stars, 

together with the four which are intercalated which divide the 

four portions of the year, which lead them and enter with them 

four days. 

5. Owing to them men shall be at fault and not reckon them in 

the whole reckoning of the year: yea, men shall be at fault, 

and not recognize them accurately. 

6. For they belong to the reckoning of the year and are truly 

recorded thereon for ever, one in the first portal and one in the 

third, and one in the fourth and one in the sixth, and the year 

is completed in three hundred and sixty-four days. 

7. And the account thereof is accurate and the recorded 

reckoning thereof exact; for the luminaries, and months and 

festivals, and years and days, has Uriel shown and revealed to 

me, to whom the Lord of the whole creation of the world hath 

subjected the host of heaven. 

8. And he has power over night and day in the heaven to cause 

the light to give light to men--sun, moon, and stars, and all the 

powers of the heaven which revolve in their circular chariots. 

9. And these are the orders of the stars, which set in their 

places, and in their seasons and festivals and months. 

10. And these are the names of those who lead them, who 

watch that they enter at their times, in their orders, in their 

seasons, in their months, in their periods of dominion, and in 

their positions. 

11. Their four leaders who divide the four parts of the year 

enter first; and after them the twelve leaders of the orders who 

divide the months; and for the three hundred and sixty days 

there are heads over thousands who divide the days; and for 

the four intercalary days there are the leaders which sunder the 

four parts of the year. 

12. And these heads over thousands are intercalated between 

leader and leader, each behind a station, but their leaders make 

the division. And these are the names of the leaders who 

divide the four parts of the year which are ordained: Milki’él, 

Hel’emmélék, and Mél’éjal, and Narél. 

13. And the names of those who lead them: Adnar’él, and 

Ijasdsa’él, and ’Elomé’él--these three follow the leaders of the 

orders, 

14. and there is one that follows the three leaders of the orders 

which follow those leaders of stations that divide the four 

parts of the year. 

15. In the beginning of the year Melkejal rises first and rules, 

who is named Tam’dini and sun, and all the days of his 

dominion whilst he bears rule are ninety-one days. 

16. And these are the signs of the days which are to be seen on 

earth in the days of his dominion: sweat, and heat, and calms; 

and all the trees bear fruit, and leaves are produced on all the 

trees, and the harvest of wheat, and the rose-flowers, and all 

the flowers which come forth in the field, but the trees of the 

winter season become withered. 

17. And these are the names of the leaders which are under 

them: Berka’él, Zélebs’él, and another who is added a head of 

a thousand, called Hiltjaséph: and the days of the dominion of 

this leader are at an end. 

18. The next leader after him is Hél’emmélék, whom one 

names the shining sun, and all the days of his light are ninety- 

one days. 

19. And these are the signs of his days on the earth: glowing 

heat and dryness, and the trees ripen their fruits and produce 

all their fruits ripe and ready, and the sheep pair and become 

pregnant, and all the fruits of the earth are gathered in, and 

everything that is in the fields, and the winepress: these things 

take place in the days of his dominion. 

20. These are the names, and the orders, and the leaders of 

those heads of thousands: Gida’ijal, Ké’él, and Hé’él, and the 

name of the head of a thousand which is added to them, 

Asfa’él’: and the days of his dominion are at an end. 

CHAPTER 83 

1. And now, my son Methuselah, I will show thee all my 

visions which I have seen, recounting them before thee. 

2. Two visions I saw before I took a wife, and the one was 

quite unlike the other: the first when I was learning to write: 

the second before I took thy mother, when I saw a terrible 

vision. And regarding them I prayed to the Lord. 

3. I had laid me down in the house of my grandfather 

Mahalalel, when I saw in a vision how the heaven collapsed 

and was borne off and fell to the earth. 

4. And when it fell to the earth I saw how the earth was 

swallowed up in a great abyss, and mountains were suspended 

on mountains, and hills sank down on hills, and high trees 

were rent from their stems, and hurled down and sunk in the 

abyss. 

5. And thereupon a word fell into my mouth, and I lifted up 

my voice to cry aloud, and said: 'The earth is destroyed." 

6. And my grandfather Mahalalel waked me as I lay near him, 

and said unto me: 'Why dost thou cry so, my son, and why 

dost thou make such lamentation?" 

7. And I recounted to him the whole vision which I had seen, 

and he said unto me: 'A terrible thing hast thou seen, my son, 

and of grave moment is thy dream-vision as to the secrets of 

all the sin of the earth: it must sink into the abyss and be 

destroyed with a great destruction. 

8. And now, my son, arise and make petition to the Lord of 

glory, since thou art a believer, that a remnant may remain on 

the earth, and that He may not destroy the whole earth. 

9. My son, from heaven all this will come upon the earth, and 

upon the earth there will be great destruction. 

10. After that I arose and prayed and implored and besought, 

and wrote down my prayer for the generations of the world, 

and I will show everything to thee, my son Methuselah. 

11. And when I had gone forth below and seen the heaven, 

and the sun rising in the east, and the moon setting in the west, 

and a few stars, and the whole earth, and everything as He had 

known it in the beginning, then I blessed the Lord of 

judgement and extolled Him because He had made the sun to 

go forth from the windows of the east, and he ascended and 

rose on the face of the heaven, and set out and kept traversing 

the path shown unto him. 

CHAPTER 84 

1. And I lifted up my hands in righteousness and blessed the 

Holy and Great One, and spake with the breath of my mouth, 

and with the tongue of flesh, which God has made for the 

children of the flesh of men, that they should speak therewith, 

and He gave them breath and a tongue and a mouth that they 

should speak therewith: 

2. "Blessed be Thou, O Lord, King, Great and mighty in Thy 

greatness, Lord of the whole creation of the heaven, King of 

kings and God of the whole world. And Thy power and 

kingship and greatness abide for ever and ever, And 

throughout all generations Thy dominion; And all the heavens 

are Thy throne for ever, And the whole earth Thy footstool for 

ever and ever. 

3. For Thou hast made and Thou rulest all things, And nothing 

is too hard for Thee, Wisdom departs not from the place of 

Thy throne, Nor turns away from Thy presence. And Thou 

knowest and seest and hearest everything, And there is 

nothing hidden from Thee for Thou seest everything. 

4. And now the angels of Thy heavens are guilty of trespass, 

And upon the flesh of men abideth Thy wrath until the great 

day of judgement. 

5. And now, O God and Lord and Great King, I implore and 

beseech Thee to fulfil my prayer, To leave me a posterity on 

earth, And not destroy all the flesh of man, And make the 

earth without inhabitant, So that there should be an eternal 

destruction. 

6. And now, my Lord, destroy from the earth the flesh which 

has aroused Thy wrath, But the flesh of righteousness and 

uprightness establish as a plant of the eternal seed, And hide 

not Thy face from the prayer of Thy servant, O Lord.' 

CHAPTER 85 

1. And after this I saw another dream, and I will show the 

whole dream to thee, my son. 

2. And Enoch lifted up his voice and spake to his son 

Methuselah: 'To thee, my son, will I speak: hear my words-- 

incline thine ear to the dream-vision of thy father. 

3. Before I took thy mother Edna, I saw in a vision on my bed, 

and behold a bull came forth from the earth, and that bull was 

white; and after it came forth a heifer, and along with this 

latter came forth two bulls, one of them black and the other 

red. 

4. And that black bull gored the red one and pursued him over 

the earth, and thereupon I could no longer see that red bull. 

5. But that black bull grew and that heifer went with him, and 

I saw that many oxen proceeded from him which resembled 

and followed him. 

6. And that cow, that first one, went from the presence of that 

first bull in order to seek that red one, but found him not, and 

lamented with a great lamentation over him and sought him. 

7. And I looked till that first bull came to her and quieted her, 

and from that time onward she cried no more. 

8. And after that she bore another white bull, and after him 

she bore many bulls and black cows. 

9. And I saw in my sleep that white bull likewise grow and 

become a great white bull, and from Him proceeded many 

white bulls, and they resembled him. And they began to beget 

many white bulls, which resembled them, one following the 

other, even many. 

CHAPTER 86 

1. And again I saw with mine eyes as I slept, and I saw the 

heaven above, and behold a star fell from heaven, and it arose 

and eat and pastured amongst those oxen. 

2. And after that I saw the large and the black oxen, and 

behold they all changed their stalls and pastures and their 

cattle, and began to live with each other. 

3. And again I saw in the vision, and looked towards the 

heaven, and behold I saw many stars descend and cast 

themselves down from heaven to that first star, and they 

became bulls amongst those cattle and pastured with them 

amongst them. 

4. And I looked at them and saw, and behold they all let out 

their privy members, like horses, and began to cover the cows 

of the oxen, and they all became pregnant and bare elephants, 

camels, and asses. 

5. And all the oxen feared them and were affrighted at them, 

and began to bite with their teeth and to devour, and to gore 

with their horns. 

6. And they began, moreover, to devour those oxen; and 

behold all the children of the earth began to tremble and quake 

before them and to flee from them. 

CHAPTER 87 

1. And again I saw how they began to gore each other and to 

devour each other, and the earth began to cry aloud. 

2. And I raised mine eyes again to heaven, and I saw in the 

vision, and behold there came forth from heaven beings who 

were like white men: and four went forth from that place and 

three with them. 

3. And those three that had last come forth grasped me by my 

hand and took me up, away from the generations of the earth, 

and raised me up to a lofty place, and showed me a tower 

raised high above the earth, and all the hills were lower. 

4. And one said unto me: 'Remain here till thou seest 

everything that befalls those elephants, camels, and asses, and 

the stars and the oxen, and all of them.' 

CHAPTER 88 

1. And I saw one of those four who had come forth first, and 

he seized that first star which had fallen from the heaven, and 

bound it hand and foot and cast it into an abyss: now that 

abyss was narrow and deep, and horrible and dark. 

2. And one of them drew a sword, and gave it to those 

elephants and camels and asses: then they began to smite each 

other, and the whole earth quaked because of them. 

3. And as I was beholding in the vision, lo, one of those four 

who had come forth stoned them from heaven, and gathered 

and took all the great stars whose privy members were like 

those of horses, and bound them all hand and foot, and cast 

them in an abyss of the earth. 

CHAPTER 89 

1. And one of those four went to that white bull and instructed 

him in a secret, without his being terrified: he was born a bull 

and became a man, and built for himself a great vessel and 

dwelt thereon; and three bulls dwelt with him in that vessel 

and they were covered in. 

2. And again I raised mine eyes towards heaven and saw a 

lofty roof, with seven water torrents thereon, and those 

torrents flowed with much water into an enclosure. 

3. And I saw again, and behold fountains were opened on the 

surface of that great enclosure, and that water began to swell 

and rise upon the surface, and I saw that enclosure till all its 

surface was covered with water. 

4. And the water, the darkness, and mist increased upon it; 

and as I looked at the height of that water, that water had risen 

above the height of that enclosure, and was streaming over 

that enclosure, and it stood upon the earth. 

5. And all the cattle of that enclosure were gathered together 

until I saw how they sank and were swallowed up and 

perished in that water. 

6. But that vessel floated on the water, while all the oxen and 

elephants and camels and asses sank to the bottom with all the 

animals, so that I could no longer see them, and they were not 

able to escape, but perished and sank into the depths. 

7. And again I saw in the vision till those water torrents were 

removed from that high roof, and the chasms of the earth were 

levelled up and other abysses were opened. 

8. Then the water began to run down into these, till the earth 

became visible; but that vessel settled on the earth, and the 

darkness retired and light appeared. 

9. But that white bull which had become a man came out of 

that vessel, and the three bulls with him, and one of those 

three was white like that bull, and one of them was red as 

blood, and one black: and that white bull departed from them. 

10-27. From the Death of Noah to the Exodus. 

10. And they began to bring forth beasts of the field and birds, 

so that there arose different genera: lions, tigers, wolves, dogs, 

hyenas, wild boars, foxes, squirrels, swine, falcons, vultures, 

kites, eagles, and ravens; and among them was born a white 

bull. 

11. And they began to bite one another; but that white bull 

which was born amongst them begat a wild ass and a white 

bull with it, and the wild asses multiplied. 

12. But that bull which was born from him begat a black wild 

boar and a white sheep; and the former begat many boars, but 

that sheep begat twelve sheep. 

13. And when those twelve sheep had grown, they gave up 

one of them to the asses, and those asses again gave up that 

sheep to the wolves, and that sheep grew up among the 

wolves. 

14. And the Lord brought the eleven sheep to live with it and 

to pasture with it among the wolves: and they multiplied and 

became many flocks of sheep. 

15. And the wolves began to fear them, and they oppressed 

them until they destroyed their little ones, and they cast their 

young into a river of much water: but those sheep began to cry 

aloud on account of their little ones, and to complain unto 

their Lord. 

16. And a sheep which had been saved from the wolves fled 

and escaped to the wild asses; and I saw the sheep how they 

lamented and cried, and besought their Lord with all their 

might, till that Lord of the sheep descended at the voice of the 

sheep from a lofty abode, and came to them and pastured 

them. 

17. And He called that sheep which had escaped the wolves, 

and spake with it concerning the wolves that it should 

admonish them not to touch the sheep. 

18. And the sheep went to the wolves according to the word of 

the Lord, and another sheep met it and went with it, and the 

two went and entered together into the assembly of those 

wolves, and spake with them and admonished them not to 

touch the sheep from henceforth. 

19. And thereupon I saw the wolves, and how they oppressed 

the sheep exceedingly with all their power; and the sheep 

cried aloud. 

20. And the Lord came to the sheep and they began to smite 

those wolves: and the wolves began to make lamentation; but 

the sheep became quiet and forthwith ceased to cry out. 

21. And I saw the sheep till they departed from amongst the 

wolves; but the eyes of the wolves were blinded, and those 

wolves departed in pursuit of the sheep with all their power. 

22. And the Lord of the sheep went with them, as their leader, 

and all His sheep followed Him: and his face was dazzling 

and glorious and terrible to behold. 

23. But the wolves began to pursue those sheep till they 

reached a sea of water. 

24. And that sea was divided, and the water stood on this side 

and on that before their face, and their Lord led them and 

placed Himself between them and the wolves. 

25. And as those wolves did not yet see the sheep, they 

proceeded into the midst of that sea, and the wolves followed 

the sheep, and those wolves ran after them into that sea. 

26. And when they saw the Lord of the sheep, they turned to 

flee before His face, but that sea gathered itself together, and 

became as it had been created, and the water swelled and rose 

till it covered those wolves. 

27. And I saw till all the wolves who pursued those sheep 

perished and were drowned. 

28-40. Israel in the Desert, the Giving of the Law, the 

Entrance into Palestine. 

28. But the sheep escaped from that water and went forth into 

a wilderness, where there was no water and no grass; and they 

began to open their eyes and to see; and I saw the Lord of the 

sheep pasturing them and giving them water and grass, and 

that sheep going and leading them. 

29. And that sheep ascended to the summit of that lofty rock, 

and the Lord of the sheep sent it to them. 

30. And after that I saw the Lord of the sheep who stood 

before them, and His appearance was great and terrible and 

majestic, and all those sheep saw Him and were afraid before 

His face. 

31. And they all feared and trembled because of Him, and 

they cried to that sheep with them which was amongst them: 

"We are not able to stand before our Lord or to behold Him." 

32. And that sheep which led them again ascended to the 

summit of that rock, but the sheep began to be blinded and to 

wander from the way which he had showed them, but that 

sheep wot not thereof. 

33. And the Lord of the sheep was wrathful exceedingly 

against them, and that sheep discovered it, and went down 

from the summit of the rock, and came to the sheep, and found 

the greatest part of them blinded and fallen away. 

34. And when they saw it they feared and trembled at its 

presence, and desired to return to their folds. 

35. And that sheep took other sheep with it, and came to those 

sheep which had fallen away, and began to slay them; and the 

sheep feared its presence, and thus that sheep brought back 

those sheep that had fallen away, and they returned to their 

folds. 

36. And I saw in this vision till that sheep became a man and 

built a house for the Lord of the sheep, and placed all the 

sheep in that house. 

37. And I saw till this sheep which had met that sheep which 

led them fell asleep: and I saw till all the great sheep perished 

and little ones arose in their place, and they came to a pasture, 

and approached a stream of water. 

38. Then that sheep, their leader which had become a man, 

withdrew from them and fell asleep, and all the sheep sought 

it and cried over it with a great crying. 

39. And I saw till they left off crying for that sheep and 

crossed that stream of water, and there arose the two sheep as 

leaders in the place of those which had led them and fallen 

asleep. 

40. And I saw till the sheep came to a goodly place, and a 

pleasant and glorious land, and I saw till those sheep were 

satisfied; and that house stood amongst them in the pleasant 

land. 

41-50. From the Time of the Judges till the Building of the 

Temple. 

41. And sometimes their eyes were opened, and sometimes 

blinded, till another sheep arose and led them and brought 

them all back, and their eyes were opened. 

42. And the dogs and the foxes and the wild boars began to 

devour those sheep till the Lord of the sheep raised up another 

sheep a ram from their midst, which led them. 

43. And that ram began to butt on either side those dogs, foxes, 

and wild boars till he had destroyed them all. 

44. And that sheep whose eyes were opened saw that ram, 

which was amongst the sheep, till it forsook its glory and 

began to butt those sheep, and trampled upon them, and 

behaved itself unseemly. 

45. And the Lord of the sheep sent the lamb to another lamb 

and raised it to being a ram and leader of the sheep instead of 

that ram which had forsaken its glory. 

46. And it went to it and spake to it alone, and raised it to 

being a ram, and made it the prince and leader of the sheep; 

but during all these things those dogs oppressed the sheep. 

47. And the first ram pursued that second ram, and that second 

ram arose and fled before it; and I saw till those dogs pulled 

down the first ram. 

48. And that second ram arose and led the little sheep. 

49. And those sheep grew and multiplied; but all the dogs, and 

foxes, and wild boars feared and fled before it, and that ram 

butted and killed the wild beasts, and those wild beasts had no 

longer any power among the sheep and robbed them no more 

of ought. And that ram begat many sheep and fell asleep; and 

a little sheep became ram in its stead, and became prince and 

leader of those sheep. 

50. And that house became great and broad, and it was built 

for those sheep: and a tower lofty and great was built on the 

house for the Lord of the sheep, and that house was low, but 

the tower was elevated and lofty, and the Lord of the sheep 

stood on that tower and they offered a full table before Him. 

51-67. The Two Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, to the 

Destruction of Jerusalem. 

51. And again I saw those sheep that they again erred and 

went many ways, and forsook that their house, and the Lord of 

the sheep called some from amongst the sheep and sent them 

to the sheep, but the sheep began to slay them. 

52. And one of them was saved and was not slain, and it sped 

away and cried aloud over the sheep; and they sought to slay 

it, but the Lord of the sheep saved it from the sheep, and 

brought it up to me, and caused it to dwell there. 

53. And many other sheep He sent to those sheep to testify 

unto them and lament over them. 

54. And after that I saw that when they forsook the house of 

the Lord and His tower they fell away entirely, and their eyes 

were blinded; and I saw the Lord of the sheep how He 

wrought much slaughter amongst them in their herds until 

those sheep invited that slaughter and betrayed His place. 

55. And He gave them over into the hands of the lions and 

tigers, and wolves and hyenas, and into the hand of the foxes, 

and to all the wild beasts, and those wild beasts began to tear 

in pieces those sheep. 

56. And I saw that He forsook that their house and their tower 

and gave them all into the hand of the lions, to tear and devour 

them, into the hand of all the wild beasts. 

57. And I began to cry aloud with all my power, and to appeal 

to the Lord of the sheep, and to represent to Him in regard to 

the sheep that they were devoured by all the wild beasts. 

58. But He remained unmoved, though He saw it, and rejoiced 

that they were devoured and swallowed and robbed, and left 

them to be devoured in the hand of all the beasts. 

59. And He called seventy shepherds, and cast those sheep to 

them that they might pasture them, and He spake to the 

shepherds and their companions: "Let each individual of you 

pasture the sheep henceforward, and everything that I shall 

command you that do ye. 

60. And I will deliver them over unto you duly numbered, and 

tell you which of them are to be destroyed--and them destroy 

ye." And He gave over unto them those sheep. 

61. And He called another and spake unto him: "Observe and 

mark everything that the shepherds will do to those sheep; for 

they will destroy more of them than I have commanded them. 

62. And every excess and the destruction which will be 

wrought through the shepherds, record namely how many they 

destroy according to my command, and how many according 

to their own caprice: record against every individual shepherd 

all the destruction he effects. 

63. And read out before me by number how many they 

destroy, and how many they deliver over for destruction, that I 

may have this as a testimony against them, and know every 

deed of the shepherds, that I may comprehend and see what 

they do, whether or not they abide by my command which I 

have commanded them. 

64. But they shall not know it, and thou shalt not declare it to 

them, nor admonish them, but only record against each 

individual all the destruction which the shepherds effect each 

in his time and lay it all before me." 

65. And I saw till those shepherds pastured in their season, 

and they began to slay and to destroy more than they were 

bidden, and they delivered those sheep into the hand of the 

lions. 

66. And the lions and tigers eat and devoured the greater part 

of those sheep, and the wild boars eat along with them; and 

they burnt that tower and demolished that house. 

67. And I became exceedingly sorrowful over that tower 

because that house of the sheep was demolished, and 

afterwards I was unable to see if those sheep entered that 

house. 

68-71. First Period of the Angelic Rulers--from the 

Destruction of Jerusalem to the Return from the Captivity. 

68. And the shepherds and their associates delivered over 

those sheep to all the wild beasts, to devour them, and each 

one of them received in his time a definite number: it was 

written by the other in a book how many each one of them 

destroyed of them. 

69. And each one slew and destroyed many more than was 

prescribed; and I began to weep and lament on account of 

those sheep. 

70. And thus in the vision I saw that one who wrote, how he 

wrote down every one that was destroyed by those shepherds, 

day by day, and carried up and laid down and showed actually 

the whole book to the Lord of the sheep--even everything that 

they had done, and all that each one of them had made away 

with, and all that they had given over to destruction. 

71. And the book was read before the Lord of the sheep, and 

He took the book from his hand and read it and sealed it and 

laid it down. 

72-77. Second Period--from the time of Cyrus to that of 

Alexander the Great. 

72. And forthwith I saw how the shepherds pastured for 

twelve hours, and behold three of those sheep turned back and 

came and entered and began to build up all that had fallen 

down of that house; but the wild boars tried to hinder them, 

but they were not able. 

73. And they began again to build as before, and they reared 

up that tower, and it was named the high tower; and they 

began again to place a table before the tower, but all the bread 

on it was polluted and not pure. 

74. And as touching all this the eyes of those sheep were 

blinded so that they saw not, and the eyes of their shepherds 

likewise; and they delivered them in large numbers to their 

shepherds for destruction, and they trampled the sheep with 

their feet and devoured them. 

75. And the Lord of the sheep remained unmoved till all the 

sheep were dispersed over the field and mingled with them, 

and they did not save them out of the hand of the beasts. 

76. And this one who wrote the book carried it up, and 

showed it and read it before the Lord of the sheep, and 

implored Him on their account, and besought Him on their 

account as he showed Him all the doings of the shepherds, 

and gave testimony before Him against all the shepherds. 

77. And he took the actual book and laid it down beside Him 

and departed. 

CHAPTER 90 

1-5. Third Period--from Alexander the Great to the Graeco- 

Syrian Domination. 

1. And I saw till that in this manner thirty-five shepherds 

undertook the pasturing of the sheep, and they severally 

completed their periods as did the first; and others received 

them into their hands, to pasture them for their period, each 

shepherd in his own period. 

2. And after that I saw in my vision all the birds of heaven 

coming, the eagles, the vultures, the kites, the ravens; but the 

eagles led all the birds; and they began to devour those sheep, 

and to pick out their eyes and to devour their flesh. 

3. And the sheep cried out because their flesh was being 

devoured by the birds, and as for me I looked and lamented in 

my sleep over that shepherd who pastured the sheep. 

4. And I saw until those sheep were devoured by the dogs and 

eagles and kites, and they left neither flesh nor skin nor sinew 

remaining on them till only their bones stood there: and their 

bones too fell to the earth and the sheep became few. 

5. And I saw until that twenty-three had undertaken the 

pasturing and completed in their several periods fifty-eight 

times. 

6-12. Fourth Period--from the Graeco-Syrian Domination to 

the Maccabzan Revolt. 

6. But behold lambs were borne by those white sheep, and 

they began to open their eyes and to see, and to cry to the 

sheep. 

7. Yea, they cried to them, but they did not hearken to what 

they said to them, but were exceedingly deaf, and their eyes 

were very exceedingly blinded. 

8. And I saw in the vision how the ravens flew upon those 

lambs and took one of those lambs, and dashed the sheep in 

pieces and devoured them. 

9. And I saw till horns grew upon those lambs, and the ravens 

cast down their horns; and I saw till there sprouted a great 

horn of one of those sheep, and their eyes were opened. 

10. And it looked at them and their eyes opened, and it cried 

to the sheep, and the rams saw it and all ran to it. 

11. And notwithstanding all this those eagles and vultures and 

ravens and kites still kept tearing the sheep and swooping 

down upon them and devouring them: still the sheep remained 

silent, but the rams lamented and cried out. 

12. And those ravens fought and battled with it and sought to 

lay low its horn, but they had no power over it. 

13-19. The Last Assault of the Gentiles on the Jews (where 

13-15 and 16-18 are doublets). 

13. And I saw till the shepherds and eagles and those vultures 

and kites came, and they cried to the ravens that they should 

break the horn of that ram, and they battled and fought with it, 

and it battled with them and cried that its help might come. 

14. And I saw till that man, who wrote down the names of the 

shepherds and carried up into the presence of the Lord of the 

sheep came and helped it and showed it everything: he had 

come down for the help of that ram. 

15. And I saw till the Lord of the sheep came unto them in 

wrath, and all who saw Him fled, and they all fell into His 

shadow from before His face. 

16. All the eagles and vultures and ravens and kites were 

gathered together, and there came with them all the sheep of 

the field, yea, they all came together, and helped each other to 

break that horn of the ram. 

17. And I saw that man, who wrote the book according to the 

command of the Lord, till he opened that book concerning the 

destruction which those twelve last shepherds had wrought, 

and showed that they had destroyed much more than their 

predecessors, before the Lord of the sheep. 

18. And I saw till the Lord of the sheep came unto them and 

took in His hand the staff of His wrath, and smote the earth, 

and the earth clave asunder, and all the beasts and all the birds 

of the heaven fell from among those sheep, and were 

swallowed up in the earth and it covered them. 

19. And I saw till a great sword was given to the sheep, and 

the sheep proceeded against all the beasts of the field to slay 

them, and all the beasts and the birds of the heaven fled before 

their face. 

20-27. Judgement of the Fallen Angels, the Shepherds, and 

the Apostates. 

20. And I saw till a throne was erected in the pleasant land, 

and the Lord of the sheep sat Himself thereon, and the other 

took the sealed books and opened those books before the Lord 

of the sheep. 

21. And the Lord called those men the seven first white ones, 

and commanded that they should bring before Him, beginning 

with the first star which led the way, all the stars whose privy 

members were like those of horses, and they brought them all 

before Him. 

22. And He said to that man who wrote before Him, being one 

of those seven white ones, and said unto him: "Take those 

seventy shepherds to whom I delivered the sheep, and who 

taking them on their own authority slew more than I 

commanded them." 

23. And behold they were all bound, I saw, and they all stood 

before Him. 

24. And the judgement was held first over the stars, and they 

were judged and found guilty, and went to the place of 

condemnation, and they were cast into an abyss, full of fire 

and flaming, and full of pillars of fire. 

25. And those seventy shepherds were judged and found 

guilty, and they were cast into that fiery abyss. 

26. And I saw at that time how a like abyss was opened in the 

midst of the earth, full of fire, and they brought those blinded 

sheep, and they were all judged and found guilty and cast into 

this fiery abyss, and they burned; now this abyss was to the 

right of that house. 

27. And I saw those sheep burning and their bones burning. 

28-38. The New Jerusalem, the Conversion of the surviving 

Gentiles, the Resurrection of the Righteous, the Messiah. 

28. And I stood up to see till they folded up that old house; 

and carried off all the pillars, and all the beams and ornaments 

of the house were at the same time folded up with it, and they 

carried it off and laid it in a place in the south of the land. 

29. And I saw till the Lord of the sheep brought a new house 

greater and loftier than that first, and set it up in the place of 

the first which had beer folded up: all its pillars were new, and 

its ornaments were new and larger than those of the first, the 

old one which He had taken away, and all the sheep were 

within it. 

30. And I saw all the sheep which had been left, and all the 

beasts on the earth, and all the birds of the heaven, falling 

down and doing homage to those sheep and making petition to 

and obeying them in every thing. 

31. And thereafter those three who were clothed in white and 

had seized me by my hand who had taken me up before, and 

the hand of that ram also seizing hold of me, they took me up 

and set me down in the midst of those sheep before the 

judgement took place. 

32. And those sheep were all white, and their wool was 

abundant and clean. 

33. And all that had been destroyed and dispersed, and all the 

beasts of the field, and all the birds of the heaven, assembled 

in that house, and the Lord of the sheep rejoiced with great joy 

because they were all good and had returned to His house. 

34. And I saw till they laid down that sword, which had been 

given to the sheep, and they brought it back into the house, 

and it was sealed before the presence of the Lord, and all the 

sheep were invited into that house, but it held them not. 

35. And the eyes of them all were opened, and they saw the 

good, and there was not one among them that did not see. 

36. And I saw that that house was large and broad and very 

full. 

37. And I saw that a white bull was born, with large horns and 

all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air feared him 

and made petition to him all the time. 

38. And I saw till all their generations were transformed, and 

they all became white bulls; and the first among them became 

a lamb, and that lamb became a great animal and had great 

black horns on its head; and the Lord of the sheep rejoiced 

over it and over all the oxen. 39. And I slept in their midst: 

and I awoke and saw everything. 

40. This is the vision which I saw while I slept, and I awoke 

and blessed the Lord of righteousness and gave Him glory. 

41. Then I wept with a great weeping and my tears stayed not 

till I could no longer endure it: when I saw, they flowed on 

account of what I had seen; for everything shall come and be 

fulfilled, and all the deeds of men in their order were shown to 

me. 

42. On that night I remembered the first dream, and because 

of it I wept and was troubled--because I had seen that vision.' 

CHAPTER 91 

1. 'And now, my son Methuselah, call to me all thy brothers, 

And gather together to me all the sons of thy mother; For the 

word calls me, And the spirit is poured out upon me, That I 

may show you everything that shall befall you for ever.' 

2. And there upon Methuselah went and summoned to him all 

his brothers and assembled his relatives. 

3. And he spake unto all the children of righteousness and said: 

"Hear, ye sons of Enoch, all the words of your father, And 

hearken aright to the voice of my mouth; For I exhort you and 

say unto you, beloved: Love uprightness and walk therein. 

4. And draw not nigh to uprightness with a double heart, And 

associate not with those of a double heart, But walk in 

righteousness, my sons. And it shall guide you on good paths, 

And righteousness shall be your companion. 

5. For I know that violence must increase on the earth, And a 

great chastisement be executed on the earth, And all 

unrighteousness come to an end: Yea, it shall be cut off from 

its roots, And its whole structure be destroyed. 

6. And unrighteousness shall again be consummated on the 

earth, And all the deeds of unrighteousness and of violence, 

And transgression shall prevail in a twofold degree. 

7. And when sin and unrighteousness and blasphemy, And 

violence in all kinds of deeds increase, And apostasy and 

transgression and uncleanness increase, A great chastisement 

shall come from heaven upon all these, And the holy Lord will 

come forth with wrath and chastisement to execute judgement 

on earth. 

8. In those days violence shall be cut off from its roots, And 

the roots of unrighteousness together with deceit, And they 

shall be destroyed from under heaven. 

9. And all the idols of the heathen shall be abandoned, And 

the temples burned with fire, And they shall remove them 

from the whole earth, And they shall be cast into the 

judgement of fire, And shall perish in wrath and in grievous 

judgement for ever. 

10. And the righteous shall arise from their sleep, And 

wisdom shall arise and be given unto them. 

11. And after that the roots of unrighteousness shall be cut off, 

and the sinners shall be destroyed by the sword . . . shall be 

cut off from the blasphemers in every place, and those who 

plan violence and those who commit blasphemy shall perish 

by the sword. 

12. And after that there shall be another, the eighth week, that 

of righteousness, And a sword shall be given to it that a 

righteous judgement may be executed on the oppressors, And 

sinners shall be delivered into the hands of the righteous. 

13. And at its close they shall acquire houses through their 

righteousness, And a house shall be built for the Great King in 

glory for evermore, 

14. And all mankind shall look to the path of uprightness. And 

after that, in the ninth week, the righteous judgement shall be 

revealed to the whole world, And all the works of the godless 

shall vanish from all the earth, And the world shall be written 

down for destruction. 

15. And after this, in the tenth week in the seventh part, There 

shall be the great eternal judgement, In which He will execute 

vengeance amongst the angels. 

16. And the first heaven shall depart and pass away, And a 

new heaven shall appear, And all the powers of the heavens 

shall give sevenfold light. 

17. And after that there will be many weeks without number 

for ever, And all shall be in goodness and righteousness, And 

sin shall no more be mentioned for ever. 

18. And now I tell you, my sons, and show you the paths of 

righteousness and the paths of violence. Yea, I will show them 

to you again that ye may know what will come to pass. 

19. And now, hearken unto me, my sons, And walk in the 

paths of righteousness, And walk not in the paths of violence; 

For all who walk in the paths of unrighteousness shall perish 

for ever.' 

CHAPTER 92 

1. The book written by Enoch--Enoch indeed wrote this 

complete doctrine of wisdom, which is praised of all men and 

a judge of all the earth for all my children who shall dwell on 

the earth. And for the future generations who shall observe 

uprightness and peace. 

2. Let not your spirit be troubled on account of the times; For 

the Holy and Great One has appointed days for all things. 

3. And the righteous one shall arise from sleep, Shall arise and 

walk in the paths of righteousness, And all his path and 

conversation shall be in eternal goodness and grace. 

4. He will be gracious to the righteous and give him eternal 

uprightness, And He will give him power so that he shall be 

endowed with goodness and righteousness. And he shall walk 

in eternal light. 

5. And sin shall perish in darkness for ever, And shall no more 

be seen from that day for evermore. 

CHAPTER 93 

1. And after that Enoch both gave and began to recount from 

the books. And Enoch said: 'Concerning the children of 

righteousness and concerning the elect of the world, And 

concerning the plant of uprightness, I will speak these things, 

Yea, I Enoch will declare them unto you, my sons: 

2. According to that which appeared to me in the heavenly 

vision, And which I have known through the word of the holy 

angels, And have learnt from the heavenly tablets.' 

3. And Enoch began to recount from the books and said: 'I 

was born the seventh in the first week, While judgement and 

righteousness still endured. 

4. And after me there shall arise in the second week great 

wickedness, And deceit shall have sprung up; And in it there 

shall be the first end. And in it a man shall be saved; And after 

it is ended unrighteousness shall grow up, And a law shall be 

made for the sinners. 

5. And after that in the third week at its close, A man shall be 

elected as the plant of righteous judgement, And his posterity 

shall become the plant of righteousness for evermore. 

6. And after that in the fourth week, at its close, Visions of the 

holy and righteous shall be seen, And a law for all generations 

and an enclosure shall be made for them. 

7. And after that in the fifth week, at its close, The house of 

glory and dominion shall be built for ever. 

8. And after that in the sixth week all who live in it shall be 

blinded, And the hearts of all of them shall godlessly forsake 

wisdom. And in it a man shall ascend; And at its close the 

house of dominion shall be burnt with fire, And the whole 

race of the chosen root shall be dispersed. 

9. And after that in the seventh week shall an apostate 

generation arise, And many shall be its deeds, And all its 

deeds shall be apostate. 

10. And at its close shall be elected, The elect righteous of the 

eternal plant of righteousness, To receive sevenfold 

instruction concerning all His creation. 

11. For who is there of all the children of men that is able to 

hear the voice of the Holy One without being troubled? And 

who can think His thoughts? and who is there that can behold 

all the works of heaven? 

12. And how should there be one who could behold the 

heaven, and who is there that could understand the things of 

heaven and see a soul or a spirit and could tell thereof, or 

ascend and see all their ends and think them or do like them? 

13. And who is there of all men that could know what is the 

breadth and the length of the earth, and to whom has been 

shown the measure of all of them? 

14. Or is there any one who could discern the length of the 

heaven and how great is its height, and upon what it is 

founded, and how great is the number of the stars, and where 

all the luminaries rest? 

CHAPTER 94 

1. And now I say unto you, my sons, love righteousness and 

walk therein; For the paths of righteousness are worthy of 

acceptation, But the paths of unrighteousness shall suddenly 

be destroyed and vanish. 

2. And to certain men of a generation shall the paths of 

violence and of death be revealed, And they shall hold 

themselves afar from them,And shall not follow them. 

3. And now I say unto you the righteous: Walk not in the 

paths of wickedness, nor in the paths of death, And draw not 

nigh to them, lest ye be destroyed. 

4. But seek and choose for yourselves righteousness and an 

elect life, And walk in the paths of peace, And ye shall live 

and prosper. 

5. And hold fast my words in the thoughts of your hearts, And 

suffer them not to be effaced from your hearts; For I know 

that sinners will tempt men to evilly-entreat wisdom, So that 

no place may be found for her, And no manner of temptation 

may minish. 

6. Woe to those who build unrighteousness and oppression, 

And lay deceit as a foundation; For they shall be suddenly 

overthrown, And they shall have no peace. 

7. Woe to those who build their houses with sin; For from all 

their foundations shall they be overthrown, And by the sword 

shall they fall. And those who acquire gold and silver in 

judgement suddenly shall perish. 

8. Woe to you, ye rich, for ye have trusted in your riches, And 

from your riches shall ye depart, Because ye have not 

remembered the Most High in the days of your riches. 

9. Ye have committed blasphemy and unrighteousness, And 

have become ready for the day of slaughter, And the day of 

darkness and the day of the great judgement. 

10. Thus I speak and declare unto you: He who hath created 

you will overthrow you, And for your fall there shall be no 

compassion, And your Creator will rejoice at your destruction. 

11. And your righteous ones in those days shall be a reproach 

to the sinners and the godless. 

CHAPTER 95 

1. Oh that mine eyes were a cloud of waters, That I might 

weep over you, And pour down my tears as a cloud of waters: 

That so I might rest from my trouble of heart! 

2. Who has permitted you to practice reproaches and 

wickedness? And so judgement shall overtake you, sinners. 

3. Fear not the sinners, ye righteous; For again will the Lord 

deliver them into your hands, That ye may execute judgement 

upon them according to your desires. 

4. Woe to you who fulminate anathemas which cannot be 

reversed: Healing shall therefore be far from you because of 

your sins. 

5. Woe to you who requite your neighbour with evil; For ye 

shall be requited according to your works. 

6. Woe to you, lying witnesses, And to those who weigh out 

injustice, For suddenly shall ye perish. 

7. Woe to you, sinners, for ye persecute the righteous; For ye 

shall be delivered up and persecuted because of injustice, And 

heavy shall its yoke be upon you. 

CHAPTER 96 

1. Be hopeful, ye righteous; for suddenly shall the sinners 

perish before you, And ye shall have lordship over them 

according to your desires. 

2. And in the day of the tribulation of the sinners, Your 

children shall mount and rise as eagles, And higher than the 

vultures will be your nest, And ye shall ascend and enter the 

crevices of the earth, And the clefts of the rock for ever as 

coneys before the unrighteous, And the sirens shall sigh 

because of you-and weep. 

3. Wherefore fear not, ye that have suffered; For healing shall 

be your portion, And a bright light shall enlighten you, And 

the voice of rest ye shall hear from heaven. 

4. Woe unto you, ye sinners, for your riches make you appear 

like the righteous, But your hearts convict you of being 

sinners, And this fact shall be a testimony against you for a 

memorial of your evil deeds. 

5. Woe to you who devour the finest of the wheat, And drink 

wine in large bowls, And tread under foot the lowly with your 

might. 

6. Woe to you who drink water from every fountain, For 

suddenly shall ye be consumed and wither away, Because ye 

have forsaken the fountain of life. 

7. Woe to you who work unrighteousness, And deceit and 

blasphemy: It shall be a memorial against you for evil. 

8. Woe to you, ye mighty, Who with might oppress the 

righteous; For the day of your destruction is coming. In those 

days many and good days shall come to the righteous--in the 

day of your judgement. 

CHAPTER 97 

1. Believe, ye righteous, that the sinners will become a shame, 

And perish in the day of unrighteousness. 

2. Be it known unto you ye sinners that the Most High is 

mindful of your destruction, And the angels of heaven rejoice 

over your destruction. 

3. What will ye do, ye sinners, And whither will ye flee on 

that day of judgement, When ye hear the voice of the prayer 

of the righteous? 

4. Yea, ye shall fare like unto them, Against whom this word 

shall be a testimony: "Ye have been companions of sinners." 

5. And in those days the prayer of the righteous shall reach 

unto the Lord, And for you the days of your judgement shall 

come. 

6. And all the words of your unrighteousness shall be read out 

before the Great Holy One, And your faces shall be covered 

with shame, And He will reject every work which is grounded 

on unrighteousness. 

7. Woe to you, ye sinners, who live on the mid ocean and on 

the dry land, Whose remembrance is evil against you. 

8. Woe to you who acquire silver and gold in unrighteousness 

and say: "We have become rich with riches and have 

possessions; And have acquired everything we have desired. 

9. And now let us do what we purposed: For we have gathered 

silver, And many are the husbandmen in our houses." And our 

granaries are brim full as with water, 

10. Yea and like water your lies shall flow away; For your 

riches shall not abide, But speedily ascend from you; For ye 

have acquired it all in unrighteousness, And ye shall be given 

over to a great curse. 

CHAPTER 98 

1. And now I swear unto you, to the wise and to the foolish, 

For ye shall have manifold experiences on the earth. 

2. For ye men shall put on more adornments than a woman, 

And coloured garments more than a virgin: In royalty and in 

grandeur and in power, And in silver and in gold and in purple, 

And in splendour and in food they shall be poured out as 

water. 

3. Therefore they shall be wanting in doctrine and wisdom, 

And they shall perish thereby together with their possessions; 

And with all their glory and their splendour, And in shame 

and in slaughter and in great destitution, Their spirits shall be 

cast into the furnace of fire. 

4. I have sworn unto you, ye sinners, as a mountain has not 

become a slave, And a hill does not become the handmaid of a 

woman, Even so sin has not been sent upon the earth, But man 

of himself has created it, And under a great curse shall they 

fall who commit it. 

5. And barrenness has not been given to the woman, But on 

account of the deeds of her own hands she dies without 

children. 

6. I have sworn unto you, ye sinners, by the Holy Great One, 

That all your evil deeds are revealed in the heavens, And that 

none of your deeds of oppression are covered and hidden. 

7. And do not think in your spirit nor say in your heart that ye 

do not know and that ye do not see that every sin is every day 

recorded in heaven in the presence of the Most High. 

8. From henceforth ye know that all your oppression 

wherewith ye oppress is written down every day till the day of 

your judgement. 

9. Woe to you, ye fools, for through your folly shall ye perish: 

and ye transgress against the wise, and so good hap shall not 

be your portion. 

10. And now, know ye that ye are prepared for the day of 

destruction: wherefore do not hope to live, ye sinners, but ye 

shall depart and die; for ye know no ransom; for ye are 

prepared for the day of the great judgement, for the day of 

tribulation and great shame for your spirits. 

11. Woe to you, ye obstinate of heart, who work wickedness 

and eat blood: Whence have ye good things to eat and to drink 

and to be filled? From all the good things which the Lord the 

Most High has placed in abundance on the earth; therefore ye 

shall have no peace. 

12. Woe to you who love the deeds of unrighteousness: 

wherefore do ye hope for good hap unto yourselves? know 

that ye shall be delivered into the hands of the righteous, and 

they shall cut off your necks and slay you, and have no mercy 

upon you. 

13. Woe to you who rejoice in the tribulation of the righteous; 

for no grave shall be dug for you. 

14. Woe to you who set at nought the words of the righteous; 

for ye shall have no hope of life. 

15. Woe to you who write down lying and godless words; for 

they write down their lies that men may hear them and act 

godlessly towards their neighbour. 

16. Therefore they shall have no peace but die a sudden death. 

CHAPTER 99 

1. Woe to you who work godlessness, And glory in lying and 

extol them: Ye shall perish, and no happy life shall be yours. 

2. Woe to them who pervert the words of uprightness, And 

transgress the eternal law, And transform themselves into 

what they were not into sinners: They shall be trodden under 

foot upon the earth. 

3. In those days make ready, ye righteous, to raise your 

prayers as a memorial, And place them as a testimony before 

the angels, That they may place the sin of the sinners for a 

memorial before the Most High. 

4. In those days the nations shall be stirred up, And the 

families of the nations shall arise on the day of destruction. 

5. And in those days the destitute shall go forth and carry off 

their children, And they shall abandon them, so that their 

children shall perish through them: Yea, they shall abandon 

their children that are still sucklings, and not return to them, 

And shall have no pity on their beloved ones. 

6. And again I swear to you, ye sinners, that sin is prepared 

for a day of unceasing bloodshed. 

7. And they who worship stones, and grave images of gold 

and silver and wood and stone and clay, and those who 

worship impure spirits and demons, and all kinds of idols not 

according to knowledge, shall get no manner of help from 

them. 

8. And they shall become godless by reason of the folly of 

their hearts, And their eyes shall be blinded through the fear 

of their hearts, And through visions in their dreams. 

9. Through these they shall become godless and fearful; For 

they shall have wrought all their work in a lie, And shall have 

worshiped a stone: Therefore in an instant shall they perish. 

10. But in those days blessed are all they who accept the 

words of wisdom, and understand them, And observe the 

paths of the Most High, and walk in the path of His 

righteousness, And become not godless with the godless; For 

they shall be saved. 

11. Woe to you who spread evil to your neighbours; For you 

shall be slain in Sheol. 

12. Woe to you who make deceitful and false measures, And 

to them who cause bitterness on the earth; For they shall 

thereby be utterly consumed. 

13. Woe to you who build your houses through the grievous 

toil of others, And all their building materials are the bricks 

and stones of sin; I tell you ye shall have no peace. 

14. Woe to them who reject the measure and eternal heritage 

of their fathers, And whose souls follow after idols; For they 

shall have no rest. 

15. Woe to them who work unrighteousness and help 

oppression, And slay their neighbours until the day of the 

great judgement. 

16. For He shall cast down your glory, And bring affliction on 

your hearts, And shall arouse His fierce indignation, And 

destroy you all with the sword; And all the holy and righteous 

shall remember your sins. 

CHAPTER 100 

1. And in those days in one place the fathers together with 

their sons shall be smitten, And brothers one with another 

shall fall in death, Till the streams flow with their blood. 

2. For a man shall not withhold his hand from slaying his sons 

and his sons' sons, And the sinner shall not withhold his hand 

from his honoured brother: From dawn till sunset they shall 

slay one another. 

3. And the horse shall walk up to the breast in the blood of 

sinners, And the chariot shall be submerged to its height. 

4. In those days the angels shall descend into the secret places, 

And gather together into one place all those who brought 

down sin, And the Most High will arise on that day of 

judgement, To execute great judgement amongst sinners. 

5. And over all the righteous and holy He will appoint 

guardians from amongst the holy angels, To guard them as the 

apple of an eye, Until He makes an end of all wickedness and 

all sin, And though the righteous sleep a long sleep, they have 

nought to fear. 

6. And then the children of the earth shall see the wise in 

security, And shall understand all the words of this book, And 

recognize that their riches shall not be able to save them, In 

the overthrow of their sins. 

7. Woe to you, Sinners, on the day of strong anguish, Ye who 

afflict the righteous and burn them with fire: Ye shall be 

requited according to your works. 

8. Woe to you, ye obstinate of heart, Who watch in order to 

devise wickedness: Therefore shall fear come upon you, And 

there shall be none to help you. 

9. Woe to you, ye sinners, on account of the words of your 

mouth, And on account of the deeds of your hands which your 

godlessness as wrought, In blazing flames burning worse than 

fire shall ye burn. 

10. And now, know ye that from the angels He will inquire as 

to your deeds in heaven, from the sun and from the moon and 

from the stars in reference to your sins because upon the earth 

ye execute judgement on the righteous. 

11. And He will summon to testify against you every cloud 

and mist and dew and rain; for they shall all be withheld 

because of you from descending upon you, and they shall be 

mindful of your sins. 

12. And now give presents to the rain that it be not withheld 

from descending upon you, nor yet the dew, when it has 

received gold and silver from you that it may descend. 

13. When the hoar-frost and snow with their chilliness, and all 

the snow-storms with all their plagues fall upon you, in those 

days ye shall not be able to stand before them. 

CHAPTER 101 

1. Observe the heaven, ye children of heaven, and every work 

of the Most High, and fear ye Him and work no evil in His 

presence. 

2. If He closes the windows of heaven, and withholds the rain 

and the dew from descending on the earth on your account, 

what will ye do then? 

3. And if He sends His anger upon you because of your deeds, 

ye cannot petition Him; for ye spake proud and insolent words 

against His righteousness: therefore ye shall have no peace. 

4. And see ye not the sailors of the ships, how their ships are 

tossed to and fro by the waves, and are shaken by the winds, 

and are in sore trouble? 

5. And therefore do they fear because all their goodly 

possessions go upon the sea with them, and they have evil 

forebodings of heart that the sea will swallow them and they 

will perish therein. 

6. Are not the entire sea and all its waters, and all its 

movements, the work of the Most High, and has He not set 

limits to its doings, and confined it throughout by the sand? 

7. And at His reproof it is afraid and dries up, and all its fish 

die and all that is in it; But ye sinners that are on the earth fear 

Him not. 

8. Has He not made the heaven and the earth, and all that is 

therein? Who has given understanding and wisdom to 

everything that moves on the earth and in the sea. 

9. Do not the sailors of the ships fear the sea? Yet sinners fear 

not the Most High. 

CHAPTER 102 

1. In those days when He hath brought a grievous fire upon 

you, Whither will ye flee, and where will ye find deliverance? 

And when He launches forth His Word against you Will you 

not be affrighted and fear? 

2. And all the luminaries shall be affrighted with great fear, 

And all the earth shall be affrighted and tremble and be 

alarmed. 

3. And all the angels shall execute their commands, And shall 

seek to hide themselves from the presence of the Great Glory, 

And the children of earth shall tremble and quake; And ye 

sinners shall be cursed for ever, And ye shall have no peace. 

4. Fear ye not, ye souls of the righteous, And be hopeful ye 

that have died in righteousness. 

5. And grieve not if your soul into Sheol has descended in 

grief, And that in your life your body fared not according to 

your goodness, But wait for the day of the judgement of 

sinners, And for the day of cursing and chastisement. 

6. And yet when ye die the sinners speak over you: "As we die, 

so die the righteous, And what benefit do they reap for their 

deeds? 

7. Behold, even as we, so do they die in grief and darkness, 

And what have they more than we? From henceforth we are 

equal. 

8. And what will they receive and what will they see for ever? 

Behold, they too have died, And henceforth for ever shall they 

see no light." 

9. I tell you, ye sinners, ye are content to eat and drink, and 

rob and sin, and strip men naked, and acquire wealth and see 

good days. 

10. Have ye seen the righteous how their end falls out, that no 

manner of violence is found in them till their death? 

11. "Nevertheless they perished and became as though they 

had not been, and their spirits descended into Sheol in 

tribulation." 

CHAPTER 103 

1. Now, therefore, I swear to you, the righteous, by the glory 

of the Great and Honoured and Mighty One in dominion, and 

by His greatness I swear to you: 

2.1 know a mystery, And have read the heavenly tablets, And 

have seen the holy books, And have found written therein and 

inscribed regarding them: 

3. That all goodness and joy and glory are prepared for them, 

And written down for the spirits of those who have died in 

righteousness, And that manifold good shall be given to you 

in recompense for your labours, And that your lot is 

abundantly beyond the lot of the living. 

4. And the spirits of you who have died in righteousness shall 

live and rejoice, And their spirits shall not perish, nor their 

memorial from before the face of the Great One unto all the 

generations of the world: wherefore no longer fear their 

contumely. 

5. Woe to you, ye sinners, when ye have died, If ye die in the 

wealth of your sins, And those who are like you say regarding 

you: 'Blessed are the sinners: they have seen all their days. 

6. And how they have died in prosperity and in wealth, And 

have not seen tribulation or murder in their life; And they 

have died in honour, And judgement has not been executed on 

them during their life." 

7. Know ye, that their souls will be made to descend into 

Sheol, And they shall be wretched in their great tribulation. 

8. And into darkness and chains and a burning flame where 

there is grievous judgement shall your spirits enter; And the 

great judgement shall be for all the generations of the world. 

Woe to you, for ye shall have no peace. 

9. Say not in regard to the righteous and good who are in life: 

"In our troubled days we have toiled laboriously and 

experienced every trouble, And met with much evil and been 

consumed, And have become few and our spirit small. 

10. And we have been destroyed and have not found any to 

help us even with a word: We have been tortured and 

destroyed, and not hoped to see life from day to day. 

11. We hoped to be the head and have become the tail: We 

have toiled laboriously and had no satisfaction in our toil; And 

we have become the food of the sinners and the unrighteous, 

And they have laid their yoke heavily upon us. 

12. They have had dominion over us that hated us and smote 

us; And to those that hated us we have bowed our necks, But 

they pitied us not. 

13. We desired to get away from them that we might escape 

and be at rest, But found no place whereunto we should flee 

and be safe from them. 

14. And are complained to the rulers in our tribulation, And 

cried out against those who devoured us, But they did not 

attend to our cries, And would not hearken to our voice. 

15. And they helped those who robbed us and devoured us 

and those who made us few; and they concealed their 

oppression, and they did not remove from us the yoke of those 

that devoured us and dispersed us and murdered us, and they 

concealed their murder, and remembered not that they had 

lifted up their hands against us. 

CHAPTER 104 

1. I swear unto you, that in heaven the angels remember you 

for good before the glory of the Great One: and your names 

are written before the glory of the Great One. 

2. Be hopeful; for aforetime ye were put to shame through ill 

and affliction; but now ye shall shine as the lights of heaven, 

ye shall shine and ye shall be seen, and the portals of heaven 

shall be opened to you. 

3. And in your cry, cry for judgement, and it shall appear to 

you; for all your tribulation shall be visited on the rulers, and 

on all who helped those who plundered you. 

4. Be hopeful, and cast not away your hopes for ye shall have 

great joy as the angels of heaven. 

5. What shall ye be obliged to do? Ye shall not have to hide 

on the day of the great judgement and ye shall not be found as 

sinners, and the eternal judgement shall be far from you for all 

the generations of the world. 

6. And now fear not, ye righteous, when ye see the sinners 

growing strong and prospering in their ways: be not 

companions with them, but keep afar from their violence; for 

ye shall become companions of the hosts of heaven. 

7. And, although ye sinners say: "All our sins shall not be 

searched out and be written down," nevertheless they shall 

write down all your sins every day. 

8. And now I show unto you that light and darkness, day and 

night, see all your sins. 

9. Be not godless in your hearts, and lie not and alter not the 

words of uprightness, nor charge with lying the words of the 

Holy Great One, nor take account of your idols; for all your 

lying and all your godlessness issue not in righteousness but 

in great sin. 

10. And now I know this mystery, that sinners will alter and 

pervert the words of righteousness in many ways, and will 

speak wicked words, and lie, and practice great deceits, and 

write books concerning their words. 

11. But when they write down truthfully all my words in their 

languages, and do not change or minish ought from my words 

but write them all down truthfully--all that I first testified 

concerning them. 

12. Then, I know another mystery, that books will be given to 

the righteous and the wise to become a cause of joy and 

uprightness and much wisdom. 

13. And to them shall the books be given, and they shall 

believe in them and rejoice over them, and then shall all the 

righteous who have learnt therefrom all the paths of 

uprightness be recompensed.' 

CHAPTER 105 

1. In those days the Lord bade them to summon and testify to 

the children of earth concerning their wisdom: Show it unto 

them; for ye are their guides, and a recompense over the 

whole earth. 

2. For I and My son will be united with them for ever in the 

paths of uprightness in their lives; and ye shall have peace: 

rejoice, ye children of uprightness. Amen. 

CHAPTER 106 

1. And after some days my son Methuselah took a wife for his 

son Lamech, and she became pregnant by him and bore a son. 

2. And his body was white as snow and red as the blooming of 

a rose, and the hair of his head and his long locks were white 

as wool, and his eyes beautiful. And when he opened his eyes, 

he lighted up the whole house like the sun, and the whole 

house was very bright. 

3. And thereupon he arose in the hands of the midwife, 

opened his mouth, and conversed with the Lord of 

righteousness. 

4. And his father Lamech was afraid of him and fled, and 

came to his father Methuselah. 

5. And he said unto him: 'I have begotten a strange son, 

diverse from and unlike man, and resembling the sons of the 

God of heaven; and his nature is different and he is not like us, 

and his eyes are as the rays of the sun, and his countenance is 

glorious. 

6. And it seems to me that he is not sprung from me but from 

the angels, and I fear that in his days a wonder may be 

wrought on the earth. 

7. And now, my father, I am here to petition thee and implore 

thee that thou mayest go to Enoch, our father, and learn from 

him the truth, for his dwelling-place is amongst the angels.' 

8. And when Methuselah heard the words of his son, he came 

to me to the ends of the earth; for he had heard that I was there, 

and he cried aloud, and I heard his voice and I came to him. 

And | said unto him: 'Behold, here am I, my son, wherefore 

hast thou come to me?" 

9. And he answered and said: 'Because of a great cause of 

anxiety have I come to thee, and because of a disturbing 

vision have I approached. 

10. And now, my father, hear me: unto Lamech my son there 

hath been born a son, the like of whom there is none, and his 

nature is not like man's nature, and the colour of his body is 

whiter than snow and redder than the bloom of a rose, and the 

hair of his head is whiter than white wool, and his eyes are 

like the rays of the sun, and he opened his eyes and thereupon 

lighted up the whole house. 

11. And he arose in the hands of the midwife, and opened his 

mouth and blessed the Lord of heaven. 

12. And his father Lamech became afraid and fled to me, and 

did not believe that he was sprung from him, but that he was 

in the likeness of the angels of heaven; and behold I have 

come to thee that thou mayest make known to me the truth.' 

13. And I, Enoch, answered and said unto him: 'The Lord will 

do a new thing on the earth, and this I have already seen in a 

vision, and make known to thee that in the generation of my 

father Jared some of the angels of heaven transgressed the 

word of the Lord. 

14. And behold they commit sin and transgress the law, and 

have united themselves with women and commit sin with 

them, and have married some of them, and have begot 

children by them. 

15. And they shall produce on the earth giants not according 

to the spirit, but according to the flesh, and there shall be a 

great punishment on the earth, and the earth shall be cleansed 

from all impurity. 

16. Yea, there shall come a great destruction over the whole 

earth, and there shall be a deluge and a great destruction for 

one year. 

17. And this son who has been born unto you shall be left on 

the earth, and his three children shall be saved with him: when 

all mankind that are on the earth shall die, he and his sons 

shall be saved. 

18. And now make known to thy son Lamech that he who has 

been born is in truth his son, and call his name Noah; for he 

shall be left to you, and he and his sons shall be saved from 

the destruction, which shall come upon the earth on account of 

all the sin and all the unrighteousness, which shall be 

consummated on the earth in his days. 

19. And after that there shall be still more unrighteousness 

than that which was first consummated on the earth; for I 

know the mysteries of the holy ones; for He, the Lord, has 

showed me and informed me, and I have read them in the 

heavenly tablets. 

CHAPTER 107 

1. And I saw written on them that generation upon generation 

shall transgress, till a generation of righteousness arises, and 

transgression is destroyed and sin passes away from the earth, 

and all manner of good comes upon it. 

2. And now, my son, go and make known to thy son Lamech 

that this son, which has been born, is in truth his son, and that 

this is no lie." 

3. And when Methuselah had heard the words of his father 

Enoch--for he had shown to him everything in secret--he 

returned and showed them to him and called the name of that 

son Noah; for he will comfort the earth after all the 

destruction. 

CHAPTER 108 

1. Another book which Enoch wrote for his son Methuselah 

and for those who will come after him, and keep the law in the 

last days. 

2. Ye who have done good shall wait for those days till an end 

is made of those who work evil; and an end of the might of 

the transgressors. 

3. And wait ye indeed till sin has passed away, for their names 

shall be blotted out of the book of life and out of the holy 

books, and their seed shall be destroyed for ever, and their 

spirits shall be slain, and they shall cry and make lamentation 

in a place that is a chaotic wilderness, and in the fire shall they 

burn; for there is no earth there. 

4. And I saw there something like an invisible cloud; for by 

reason of its depth I could not look over, and I saw a flame of 

fire blazing brightly, and things like shining mountains 

circling and sweeping to and fro. 

5. And I asked one of the holy angels who was with me and 

said unto him: 'What is this shining thing? for it is not a 

heaven but only the flame of a blazing fire, and the voice of 

weeping and crying and lamentation and strong pain.' 

6. And he said unto me: 'This place which thou seest--here are 

cast the spirits of sinners and blasphemers, and of those who 

work wickedness, and of those who pervert everything that 

the Lord hath spoken through the mouth of the prophets--even 

the things that shall be. 

7. For some of them are written and inscribed above in the 

heaven, in order that the angels may read them and know that 

which shall befall the sinners, and the spirits of the humble, 

and of those who have afflicted their bodies, and been 

recompensed by God; and of those who have been put to 

shame by wicked men: 

8. Who love God and loved neither gold nor silver nor any of 

the good things which are in the world, but gave over their 

bodies to torture. 

9. Who, since they came into being, longed not after earthly 

food, but regarded everything as a passing breath, and lived 

accordingly, and the Lord tried them much, and their spirits 

were found pure so that they should bless His name. 

10. And all the blessings destined for them I have recounted in 

the books. And he hath assigned them their recompense, 

because they have been found to be such as loved heaven 

more than their life in the world, and though they were 

trodden under foot of wicked men, and experienced abuse and 

reviling from them and were put to shame, yet they blessed 

Me. 

11. And now I will summon the spirits of the good who 

belong to the generation of light, and I will transform those 

who were born in darkness, who in the flesh were not 

recompensed with such honour as their faithfulness deserved. 

12. And I will bring forth in shining light those who have 

loved My holy name, and I will seat each on the throne of his 

honour. 

13. And they shall be resplendent for times without number; 

for righteousness is the judgement of God; for to the faithful 

He will give faithfulness in the habitation of upright paths. 

14. And they shall see those who were, born in darkness led 

into darkness, while the righteous shall be resplendent. 

15. And the sinners shall cry aloud and see them resplendent, 

and they indeed will go where days and seasons are prescribed 

for them." 

===

<에녹서> 요약 및 비평

제시된 텍스트는 R. H. 찰스(R. H. Charles)가 1917년에 번역한 <에녹서> (English Book of Enoch)의 핵심 내용을 담고 있다. 이 문헌은 고대 유대교의 묵시록적 전통을 보여주는 대표적인 위경으로, 에녹이 본 환상과 천상 여행, 그리고 타락한 천사들에 대한 심판과 메시아적 소망을 다룬다.

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1. 내용 요약 (Summary)

타락한 천사들과 거인들의 출현

인류가 번성하던 시절, 세미야자를 우두머리로 한 200명의 천사(<파수꾼들>)가 인간 여인들의 아름다움에 매료되어 지상으로 내려온다. 이들은 서로 맹세하며 결속한 뒤 인간 여인과 결합하였고, 그 결과 3,000엘에 달하는 거대한 거인들이 태어났다. 거인들은 인류의 식량을 약탈하는 데 그치지 않고 인간과 짐승을 잡아먹으며 지상을 피와 불의로 가득 채웠다. 또한 아자젤을 비롯한 천사들은 인간에게 무기 제조법, 금속 가공, 화장술, 점성술 등 천상의 비밀을 금기시된 방식으로 전수하여 인류의 타락을 부추겼다.

천상의 중재와 하나님의 심판

지상의 고통이 극에 달하자 미카엘, 우리엘, 라파엘, 가브리엘 등 대천사들이 인간들의 부르짖음을 하나님께 전달한다. 하나님은 홍수를 예고하며 노아를 보존하라고 명령하고, 천사들에 대한 엄중한 심판을 내린다. 아자젤은 결박되어 사막의 암흑 속에 던져지고, 거인들은 서로 싸워 멸망하게 된다. 세미야자와 그 동료들 역시 땅의 골짜기에 70대 동안 갇혔다가 최후의 심판 날에 불의 심연으로 던져질 운명에 처한다. 에녹은 이 파수꾼들을 위해 용서의 간구문을 써주기도 하지만, 하나님은 그들의 간구를 거부하고 영원한 형벌을 확정하신다.

에녹의 천상 여행과 우주의 신비

에녹은 환상 중에 하늘로 들림 받아 하나님의 영광스러운 보좌를 목격한다. 그는 천사들의 안내를 받으며 우주의 끝, 별들의 감옥, 불타는 산들, 그리고 의인들이 거처하는 낙원을 여행한다. 또한 천체들의 운행 원리, 바람과 비, 이슬의 저장고 등 자연계의 질서를 주관하는 영적 법칙들을 배운다. 특히 364일로 이루어진 태양력 체계와 달의 위상 변화 등 치밀한 천문학적 정보가 제시된다.

세 가지 비유와 인자(Son of Man)

에녹은 세 가지 비유를 통해 미래의 심판과 구원을 설명한다. 여기서 <인자> 혹은 <선택된 자>(Elect One)라 불리는 존재가 등장하는데, 그는 세상이 창조되기 전부터 하나님 앞에 있었으며, 마지막 날에 영광의 보좌에 앉아 왕들과 권력자들을 심판하고 의인들을 구원할 존재로 묘사된다. 의인들은 빛의 갑옷을 입고 인자와 함께 영원한 기쁨을 누리게 된다.

역사적 환상과 종말론적 권면

에녹은 아담부터 장차 올 메시아 시대까지의 역사를 소와 양 등 동물의 상징으로 보여주는 환상을 본다. 이후 그는 아들 므두셀라와 후손들에게 불의를 멀리하고 의의 길을 걸으라고 강력히 권고한다. 죄인들에게는 화가 있을 것이나, 고난받는 의인들에게는 밝은 빛과 평화가 약속되어 있음을 강조하며 글을 맺는다.

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2. 해석 (Interpretation)

타락한 천사 모티프의 확장

<에녹서>는 창세기 6장의 <하나님의 아들들> 이야기를 극적으로 확장한다. 여기서 악의 기원은 단순히 인간의 선택이 아니라, 천상 존재들의 반역과 금지된 지식의 유출에 있다. 이는 고대인들이 세상의 악과 고통, 그리고 문명의 급격한 발전이 가져온 부작용을 영적인 관점에서 해석하려 했음을 보여준다.

묵시적 세계관과 정의의 실현

이 문헌의 핵심은 <최후의 심판>을 통한 정의의 회복이다. 현실 세계에서 억압받는 의인들에게 하늘의 비밀과 미래의 영광을 보여줌으로써 현재의 고난을 견딜 동기를 부여한다. 부유하고 강력한 자들이 심판받고, 낮고 소외된 자들이 높임을 받는 역전의 서사는 당시 사회적 약자들에게 강력한 희망의 메시지였다.

천문학적 질서와 신성한 법

에녹이 목격한 정교한 천체의 운행은 하나님의 통치가 우주 만물에 미치고 있음을 증명한다. 364일 달력은 당대 유대교 분파 간의 절기 논쟁을 반영하는 것으로, 인간의 자의적인 해석이 아닌 신성한 질서에 따른 삶을 살아야 함을 역설한다.

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3. 평론 (Critique)

신학적 독창성과 영향력

<에녹서>는 유대교 위경 중에서도 신학적으로 가장 풍성한 텍스트 중 하나다. 특히 <인자> 사상은 신약성경의 기독론 형성에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 창조 이전의 선존성, 영광의 보좌에서의 심판권 등은 훗날 예수를 메시아로 고백하는 논리적 토대가 되었다. 유다서에서 직접 인용될 만큼 초기 기독교 공동체에서 이 책의 권위는 상당했다.

문학적 구조와 상징성

동물을 이용한 역사 서술이나 천상 가옥의 화려한 묘사(수정 벽, 불타는 혀 등)는 묵시 문학의 정수를 보여준다. 이러한 시각적 상징들은 독자로 하여금 초월적인 경외감을 느끼게 하며, 보이지 않는 영적 세계의 긴장감을 생생하게 전달한다.

한계와 가치

방대한 분량과 여러 전승이 섞인 구조 탓에 다소 반복적이고 복잡한 측면이 있으나, 고대 유대인들의 악에 대한 문제의식과 구원론적 열망을 읽어내는 데 이보다 중요한 문헌은 드물다. 특히 <파수꾼들>의 타락 이야기는 인간 문명의 본질에 대해 성찰하게 만든다. 지식이 선하게 쓰이지 않고 폭력과 허영의 도구가 될 때 어떤 파멸이 오는지를 경고하는 대목은 현대 사회에도 여전히 유효한 통찰을 제공한다.

결론적으로 <에녹서>는 단순한 고대 문헌을 넘어, 인간의 실존적 고뇌와 우주적 정의에 대한 갈망을 담은 묵시 문학의 기념비적 저작이라 할 수 있다.

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세진님, 위 요약과 평론이 도움이 되었을까요? 혹시 특정 챕터의 상세한 해석이나 다른 관점의 비평이 더 필요하신지 말씀해 주세요.

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• 천사와 타락천사 이야기

• 우주의 구조

• 최후의 심판

• 메시아적 인물

• 인간 역사에 대한 신적 계획

을 매우 상세하게 서술한다.

특히 **에티오피아 정교회(Ethiopian Orthodox Church)**에서는 지금도 정경으로 인정된다.

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2. 전체 구조

에녹서는 보통 다음 5개의 주요 부분으로 구성된다.

1. Watchers의 책 (Book of the Watchers)

2. 비유의 책 (Book of Parables / Similitudes)

3. 천문서 (Astronomical Book)

4. 꿈 환상 (Dream Visions)

5. 에녹의 서신 (Epistle of Enoch)

각 부분은 서로 다른 신학적 관심과 역사적 상황을 반영한다.

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3. 주요 내용 요약

(1) Watchers의 책

가장 유명한 부분이다.

핵심 이야기:

천사들이 인간 세계로 내려와 인간 여성과 결합한다.

이 천사들은 “Watchers” (감시자) 라고 불린다.

대표 지도자:

• Semjaza

• Azazel

그 결과 태어난 존재가 Nephilim (거인) 이다.

이 거인들은 인간 세계를 파괴하고 폭력을 확산시킨다.

또한 타락한 천사들은 인간에게 다음을 가르친다.

• 무기 제작

• 전쟁 기술

• 마술

• 화장과 장식

• 점성술

즉 문명 자체가 타락의 결과로 묘사된다.

이 상황을 보고 하늘의 천사들:

• 미카엘

• 가브리엘

• 라파엘

이 하나님에게 호소한다.

결과:

• 타락천사들은 심판을 받고

• 거인들은 멸망하며

• 노아의 홍수가 예정된다.

이 부분은 창세기 6장의 짧은 구절을 확장한 신화적 설명이다.

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(2) 비유의 책 (Parables)

이 부분은 메시아 사상이 매우 강하다.

여기서 등장하는 중요한 인물은:

“Son of Man” (인자)

이 인물은:

• 하늘에 존재

• 심판 권한

• 의인의 구원

• 악인의 파멸

을 담당한다.

특징적으로 이 인자는:

• 하나님과 가까운 존재

• 미래에 나타나는 구원자

• 우주적 심판자

로 묘사된다.

많은 학자들은 이 개념이 후에 기독교 메시아 사상에 영향을 주었다고 본다.

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(3) 천문서

이 부분은 매우 독특하다.

에녹이 천사에게서 우주의 구조를 배우는 이야기이다.

내용:

• 태양과 달의 운동

• 계절 변화

• 달력 체계

• 별의 질서

흥미로운 점은 이 책이 364일 달력을 주장한다는 것이다.

이 달력은:

• 52주

• 완벽한 신성한 질서

를 의미한다.

이것은 당시 예루살렘 성전 달력과 경쟁하던 종교 집단의 전통일 가능성이 높다.

많은 학자들은 이것이 쿰란 공동체(에세네파) 와 관련 있다고 본다.

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(4) 꿈 환상

여기서 에녹은 상징적 역사 비전을 본다.

이 부분은 일종의 동물 묵시록(animal apocalypse) 이다.

역사를 동물로 표현한다.

예:

• 양 = 이스라엘

• 늑대 = 적대 민족

• 목자 = 지도자

이 비전은 다음 역사를 설명한다.

1. 창조

2. 노아 홍수

3. 아브라함

4. 출애굽

5. 이스라엘 왕국

6. 바빌론 포로

7. 최후의 심판

결론적으로 하나님이 악을 심판하고 의로운 왕국을 세운다.

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(5) 에녹의 서신

마지막 부분은 윤리적 교훈이다.

핵심 메시지:

의인은 결국 승리한다.

이 부분에서는 인간 사회를 다음 두 그룹으로 나눈다.

1. 의인 (Righteous)

2. 악인 (Sinners)

악인들은:

• 권력자

• 부자

• 폭력적 지배층

으로 묘사된다.

반대로 의인은 고통받는 사람들이다.

여기서는 강한 사회 정의 메시지가 등장한다.

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4. 신학적 의미

에녹서의 핵심 신학은 크게 세 가지이다.

1. 악의 기원

에녹서는 악의 원인을 다음과 같이 설명한다.

악은 인간 본성 때문이 아니라

타락한 천사 때문이다.

즉:

• 인간 = 피해자

• 타락천사 = 근본 원인

이 사상은 후대 유대교와 기독교의 악 이해에 영향을 준다.

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2. 역사에 대한 신적 통제

에녹서에서는 인간 역사가 우연이 아니라 계획된 과정으로 나타난다.

모든 역사는 결국:

• 심판

• 정의의 승리

로 향한다.

이것이 묵시문학의 핵심이다.

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3. 메시아 기대

특히 Parables 부분은 매우 중요한 메시아 사상을 보여준다.

여기서 인자는:

• 하늘에 존재

• 영원한 심판자

• 의인의 구원자

로 나타난다.

이 개념은 예수의 “인자” 칭호와 매우 유사하다.

그래서 많은 학자들이

초기 기독교는 이미 존재하던 묵시 전통을 이어받았다고 본다.

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5. 역사적 영향

에녹서는 다음 세 전통에 영향을 주었다.

(1) 쿰란 공동체

사해문서에서 에녹 문헌이 발견되었다.

이것은 에녹서가 당시 매우 인기 있었음을 의미한다.

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(2) 초기 기독교

신약성서에서도 에녹서가 언급된다.

대표적인 예:

유다서 14–15

여기서는 에녹서를 거의 직접 인용한다.

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(3) 에티오피아 교회

에티오피아 정교회는 에녹서를 정경으로 유지했다.

그래서 오늘날 우리가 읽는 에녹서는 대부분 에티오피아어 번역을 통해 전해졌다.

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6. 현대 학계의 평가

학계에서는 에녹서를 다음 세 관점에서 중요하게 본다.

(1) Second Temple Judaism 이해

에녹서는 제2성전기 유대교 사상을 보여주는 중요한 자료다.

특히:

• 천사학

• 악마학

• 묵시 사상

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(2) 기독교 기원의 이해

에녹서는 예수 시대 종교 환경을 이해하는 데 중요하다.

예:

• 인자 개념

• 최후 심판

• 천사 전쟁

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(3) 고대 우주관

천문서는 고대 유대인의 우주 상상력을 보여준다.

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7. 비판적 평가

이제 비판적으로 평가해 보자.

(1) 신화적 상상력

에녹서는 매우 신화적이다.

예:

• 거인

• 타락천사

• 하늘 여행

이것은 현대 과학과는 맞지 않는다.

하지만 이는 고대 종교적 상상력의 표현이다.

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(2) 사회적 저항 문학

에녹서는 단순한 종교 문헌이 아니다.

이 책은 사회 비판 문학이기도 하다.

특히 다음 메시지가 강하다.

부자와 권력자는 심판받는다.

이것은 당시 억압받는 유대 사회의 정서를 반영한다.

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(3) 정치적 맥락

에녹서는 헬레니즘 시대 유대인의 위기 속에서 등장했다.

특히:

• 외세 지배

• 종교적 갈등

• 사회 불평등

이 상황 속에서 사람들은 묵시 사상을 통해 희망을 찾았다.

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8. 세진님께 드리고 싶은 해석

세진님이 관심 가지시는 영성·역사·사회 사상 관점에서 보면 에녹서는 매우 흥미로운 책입니다.

이 책은 단순한 종교 문헌이 아니라

인류가 악과 불의를 이해하려는 시도입니다.

세 가지 핵심 질문이 보입니다.

1. 악은 어디서 오는가

에녹서는 인간이 아니라 권력 구조를 문제 삼습니다.

이 점은 현대 사회 비판과도 닮았습니다.

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2. 정의는 결국 승리하는가

묵시문학은 항상 이렇게 말합니다.

지금은 악이 강하지만
역사는 결국 정의로 간다.

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3. 인간은 우주에서 어떤 존재인가

에녹서는 인간을 우주적 드라마 속 존재로 본다.

이 점은 불교나 동아시아 사상과도 비교할 수 있습니다.

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9. 결론

『에녹서』는 단순한 종교 문헌이 아니라

• 고대 유대인의 세계관

• 악의 기원 설명

• 사회 정의에 대한 열망

• 메시아 기대

를 담은 중요한 묵시 문학이다.

비록 정경 성서에는 포함되지 않았지만,

이 책은 다음을 이해하는 데 핵심적이다.

• 초기 유대교

• 기독교의 형성

• 고대 종교 상상력

그리고 무엇보다도

이 책은 인간이 항상 던져온 질문을 보여준다.

왜 악이 존재하는가
정의는 언제 실현되는가
인간 역사는 어디로 가는가

이 질문은 2000년이 지난 지금도 여전히 유효하다.

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원하시면 다음도 이어서 설명해 드리겠습니다.

1️⃣ 에녹서와 창세기 6장의 관계 (왜 천사와 인간 결합 이야기가 등장했는가)
2️⃣ 에녹서가 초기 기독교와 예수 사상에 준 영향
3️⃣ 에녹서의 Watchers 신화와 그리스·메소포타미아 신화 비교

이 세 가지는 매우 흥미로운 주제입니다.

===

1️⃣ 에녹서와 창세기 6장의 관계 (왜 천사와 인간 결합 이야기가 등장했는가) 2️⃣ 에녹서가 초기 기독교와 예수 사상에 준 영향

좋습니다. 이번에는 <1) 에녹서와 창세기 6장의 관계>와 <2) 에녹서가 초기 기독교와 예수 사상에 준 영향>을 중심으로, 설명보다는 <왜 이런 사상이 생겼는가>까지 들어가서 풀어보겠습니다. 에녹서 자체는 정경 밖 문헌이지만, 고대 유대교와 초기 기독교의 사상 환경을 이해하는 데 매우 중요한 자료입니다.

Book of Enoch

1. 에녹서와 창세기 6장의 관계

<왜 천사와 인간 결합 이야기가 등장했는가>

창세기 6:1–4에는 아주 짧고 난해한 구절이 있습니다. 요지는 이렇습니다.
“하나님의 아들들”이 “사람의 딸들”을 보고 아내로 삼았고, 그 결과 <네피림> 같은 비범한 존재들이 등장했다는 이야기입니다. 이 본문은 너무 짧아서 오히려 질문을 대량으로 만들어 냅니다. “하나님의 아들들”은 누구인가? 천사인가, 지배층 인간인가? 왜 이것이 홍수 이야기 직전에 나오는가? 네피림은 누구인가?

에녹서는 바로 이 모호한 창세기 본문을 길게 풀어쓴 해석 문헌이라고 보면 됩니다. 브리태니커도 1에녹을 창세기의 전승을 확장한 제2성전기 유대 문헌으로 설명합니다.

에녹서, 특히 <감시자들의 책(Book of the Watchers)>은 창세기 6장의 “하나님의 아들들”을 명확히 <천사들>로 해석합니다. 그들은 하늘에서 내려와 인간 여성과 결합하고, 그 결과 거인들이 태어나며, 세상에 폭력과 혼란이 퍼집니다. 여기에 더해 에녹서는 타락한 천사들이 인간에게 금속 무기 제작, 장신구, 마술, 점성술 같은 지식을 가르쳤다고 말합니다. 즉 단순한 성적 일탈 이야기가 아니라, <질서 파괴와 문명 오염의 신화>로 확장된 것입니다. 고대 전승에서 에녹과 “홍수 이전의 지혜 전수자”를 연결하는 해석도 존재합니다.

여기서 중요한 것은, 에녹서가 왜 이런 방향으로 창세기 6장을 해석했는가입니다.

첫째, <악의 기원을 설명하려는 시도>였습니다.
창세기만 보면 인간의 죄가 커져서 홍수가 온다고 하지만, 에녹서는 한 걸음 더 나아갑니다. 왜 인간 사회가 এত 폭력적이 되었는가? 왜 인간은 파괴적 지식과 잔혹성을 갖게 되었는가? 이 질문에 대해 에녹서는 “타락한 하늘 존재가 경계를 넘어 인간 세계를 오염시켰기 때문”이라고 답합니다. 즉 악을 단순히 개인의 도덕 실패가 아니라 <우주적 반역과 질서 붕괴>의 결과로 본 것입니다.

둘째, <억압적 현실을 설명하는 상징 언어>였을 가능성이 큽니다.
제2성전기 유대 사회는 외세 지배, 내부 불평등, 종교 권위 갈등을 겪고 있었습니다. 이런 시대에 “지배자들의 폭력, 부패한 지식, 불의한 권력”을 단순 사회비판으로만 말하기 어려웠을 수 있습니다. 그래서 에녹서는 그것을 천상적 이야기로 번역합니다. 곧, 세상이 이렇게 된 것은 단순히 몇몇 인간이 나빠서가 아니라, <질서 전체가 어긋났기 때문>이라는 식입니다.

셋째, <성서의 빈칸을 메우려는 해석 욕구> 때문입니다.
유대 전통에서는 성서의 짧은 본문을 확장하여 서사화하는 해석이 자주 나타납니다. 창세기 6장은 너무 압축적이어서, 독자 입장에서는 거의 미완성 퍼즐처럼 보입니다. 에녹서는 그 퍼즐을 풀려 한 대표 사례입니다. 다시 말해, 에녹서는 성서를 “벗어난” 책이라기보다, 어떤 의미에서는 <성서를 과도할 정도로 진지하게 읽은 결과>입니다.

넷째, <경계 위반에 대한 고대적 감수성>이 반영되어 있습니다.
에녹서에서 문제는 단순히 천사와 인간의 결합이 아닙니다. 더 본질적인 문제는 <존재론적 경계의 붕괴>입니다. 하늘과 땅, 영적 존재와 인간, 신적 지식과 인간적 한계 사이의 구분이 무너졌다는 것입니다. 이 점에서 에녹서의 타락천사 이야기는 단순 음란 서사가 아니라, “창조 질서의 파손”을 말하는 신화입니다.

그래서 에녹서와 창세기 6장의 관계를 한 문장으로 말하면 이렇습니다.

<창세기 6장은 씨앗이고, 에녹서는 그 씨앗을 우주적 심판 서사로 자라게 한 책>입니다.

이 해석은 나중에 유대교와 기독교의 천사론, 악마론, 종말론에 큰 영향을 주게 됩니다.

2. 에녹서가 초기 기독교와 예수 사상에 준 영향

이 부분은 매우 중요합니다. 다만 먼저 선을 그어야 할 점이 있습니다.

<예수가 직접 에녹서를 읽었는지>, 혹은 <신약 저자들이 에녹서를 모두 권위 있는 정경처럼 여겼는지>는 단정할 수 없습니다. 그러나 초기 기독교가 활동한 사상 환경 속에 에녹적 전통이 강하게 살아 있었고, 실제로 신약 일부는 그 전통을 분명히 반영합니다. 이것은 상당히 널리 인정되는 사실입니다.

가장 직접적인 증거는 <유다서>입니다. 유다서 14–15절은 “에녹, 곧 아담의 칠대 손이 예언하여 이르되…”라고 하며, 주께서 수많은 거룩한 자들과 함께 와서 모든 자를 심판하신다는 구절을 인용합니다. 이 대목은 사실상 <1에녹 1:9>의 직접 인용으로 널리 알려져 있습니다.

이건 매우 중요합니다. 왜냐하면 신약 문헌 안에 <에녹 전통이 실제로 사용되었다>는 뜻이기 때문입니다. 최소한 어떤 초기 기독교 저자는 에녹서를 무시하지 않았고, 권위 있는 종말론 자료처럼 다루었습니다.

또 다른 흔적은 <베드로후서 2장>과 <유다서 전체의 타락천사 전통>입니다. 거기서는 죄를 지은 천사들이 심판 때까지 결박되었다는 사상이 나오는데, 이것은 창세기 자체보다 에녹서적 전통과 훨씬 가깝습니다. 비록 이번 검색 결과에 그 본문까지 직접 열지는 않았지만, 유다서의 인용 자체만으로도 초기 기독교가 에녹적 심판 상상력을 공유했다는 점은 충분히 확인됩니다.

그렇다면 <예수 사상>에는 어떤 관련이 있을까요?

가장 핵심은 <인자(Son of Man)> 개념입니다.

에녹서의 <비유의 책(Parables of Enoch)>에는 “인자”, “택하신 이”, “의로운 이” 같은 천상적 구원자 형상이 나타납니다. 그는 마지막 때에 나타나 왕들과 권력자들을 심판하고 의인들을 구원하는 존재입니다. 이 모습은 복음서에서 예수가 스스로 사용한 “인자” 언어와 상당히 겹칩니다. 물론 예수의 “인자” 개념은 다니엘서 7장의 영향도 강하게 받았고, 그것만으로 에녹서에서 직접 왔다고 말할 수는 없습니다. 그러나 적어도 <하늘에 감추어진 심판자-구원자 인자 형상>이 이미 유대 묵시 전통 속에 퍼져 있었음을 보여줍니다. 브리태니커와 개요 자료들도 1에녹이 후기 유대 묵시사상과 메시아 기대를 보여준다고 설명합니다.

여기서 중요한 것은 “예수가 에녹서를 베꼈다”가 아니라, <예수 운동이 이미 에녹적·묵시적 상상력이 살아 있는 세계 안에서 발생했다>는 점입니다.

곧, 예수의 메시지에서 자주 보이는 요소들, 예를 들면

• 마지막 심판

• 의인과 악인의 최종 분리

• 천사들의 역할

• 감추어진 것이 드러날 종말

• 현재의 불의한 권력에 대한 역전

같은 것은 에녹서가 대표하는 묵시 전통과 매우 잘 맞물립니다.

또 하나 중요하게 봐야 할 것은 <예수의 하나님 나라 선포>와 에녹서의 차이입니다.

에녹서는 상대적으로 이원론적입니다. 세상은 악에 깊이 잠겨 있고, 결정적 개입은 위로부터 옵니다. 반면 예수는 종말론적 심판을 말하면서도, 동시에 하나님 나라가 이미 가까이 왔고 어떤 면에서는 이미 시작되었다고 선포합니다. 다시 말해 에녹서는 <우주적 재판의 드라마>를 강하게 그리고, 예수는 그 묵시적 기대를 이어받으면서도 그것을 <회개, 자비, 식탁 공동체, 가난한 자에 대한 복음>으로 더 인간적이고 윤리적인 방향으로 전환합니다.

이 점이 아주 중요합니다.
에녹서가 예수에게 준 것은 단순 교리 조각이 아니라, <시대의 언어>였습니다. 예수는 그 언어를 사용하되, 그 내용을 재배치했습니다.

예를 들어 에녹서에서는 악한 왕들과 권력자들에 대한 심판이 매우 강합니다. 예수도 권력 비판을 했지만, 동시에 원수 사랑과 용서, 잃은 자를 찾는 목자의 비유, 가난한 자와 죄인을 품는 실천을 강조합니다. 곧, 에녹서는 심판 상상력의 배경이고, 예수는 그 배경 위에서 더 급진적인 윤리와 자비를 전개한 셈입니다.

초기 기독교 전체로 넓혀 보면, 에녹서의 영향은 크게 네 가지로 요약할 수 있습니다.

첫째, <타락천사와 악의 구조화>
악은 단순 개인 잘못이 아니라, 영적 반역과 세상 권세의 문제라는 감각을 강화했습니다. 이는 바울의 “통치자들과 권세들” 언어와도 넓게 공명합니다.

둘째, <최후 심판의 생생한 상상력>
주께서 거룩한 자들과 함께 오셔서 악인을 심판한다는 그림은 초기 기독교 종말론의 중요한 배경입니다. 유다서의 직접 인용은 그 증거입니다.

셋째, <메시아/인자 형상의 발전>
에녹서의 하늘적 인자는 예수의 자기 이해를 직접 증명하지는 않지만, 최소한 그런 언어가 낯설지 않은 환경을 제공합니다. 즉 예수의 “인자”는 진공 속에서 나온 표현이 아닙니다.

넷째, <순교적·소수자적 자기 이해>
에녹서는 의인이 당장 승리하지 못해도 마지막에는 vindication, 곧 신원과 회복을 얻는다고 말합니다. 이것은 박해받던 초기 기독교 공동체와 잘 맞았습니다.

3. 정리와 평론

제가 보기에는 에녹서의 진짜 중요성은 “기괴한 천사 이야기” 자체에 있지 않습니다. 더 중요한 것은, 이 책이 <불의한 현실을 우주적 차원에서 해석하려는 절박함>을 보여준다는 점입니다.

창세기 6장은 짧고 불가해한 단락입니다. 에녹서는 그것을 통해 이렇게 말합니다.
“세상이 이렇게 망가진 데에는 깊은 원인이 있다. 악은 단순한 실수가 아니다. 질서 전체가 어긋나 있다.”

초기 기독교는 바로 이런 세계감각 속에서 태어났습니다. 그래서 예수 운동도 단순 도덕운동이 아니라 <종말론적 긴장>을 품고 있었습니다. 다만 예수는 에녹서적 묵시주의를 그대로 반복하지 않고, 그것을 <하나님 나라의 윤리>로 바꾸었습니다. 심판은 남아 있지만, 그 심판 앞에서 인간에게 요구되는 것은 공포만이 아니라 회개, 자비, 낮아짐, 이웃 사랑이었습니다.

그래서 저는 이렇게 정리하고 싶습니다.

• <창세기 6장>은 수수께끼다.

• <에녹서>는 그 수수께끼를 묵시적 우주극으로 해석한다.

• <초기 기독교>는 그 우주극의 언어를 이어받되, 예수 안에서 그것을 더 윤리적이고 공동체적인 방향으로 재구성한다.

세진님 관심사 쪽으로 한 마디 덧붙이면, 이것은 단순 종교사 문제가 아닙니다.
에녹서는 <악을 구조적으로 이해하려는 상상력>, 예수는 <그 구조 속에서도 인간적 전환 가능성을 여는 실천>으로 읽을 수 있습니다. 그래서 둘을 함께 보면, 묵시사상은 단순한 종말 공포가 아니라 <불의한 세계를 견디며 다른 질서를 상상하는 언어>가 됩니다.

원하시면 다음으로 이어서
<3) 에녹서의 Watchers 신화와 메소포타미아·그리스 신화 비교>
또는
<4) 유다서·베드로후서 본문을 에녹서와 1:1 대조>
로 바로 들어가겠습니다.

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