What Is Ancient Philosophy? New Ed Edition
by Pierre Hadot (Author), Michael Chase (Author)
4.6 out of 5 stars 27 customer reviews
ISBN-13: 978-0674013735
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Editorial Reviews
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“First published in France in 1995, Hadot's overview of ancient philosophy…is quite possibly one of the best one-volume works on the subject to have appeared in English in a very long time, not only for the clarity with which it is written…but also for the point of view Hadot takes. In keeping with Socrates' dictum that the unexamined life is not worth living, Hadot places each philosopher or movement discussed firmly within its cultural and intellectual context and shows that philosophy was not simply a process for creating theories but, more importantly, a way of life for many.”―Terry Skeats, Library Journal
“Pierre Hadot is determined to change our view of ancient philosophy, and by extension, of philosophy as a discipline… Like Hadot's hero Socrates, What is Ancient Philosphy? is a triumph of irony: a meticulous historical survey that ends by inspiring the reader to actually do philosophy. Handsomely designed, with useful bibliography and chronology, it's a compact text for the 'never-ending quest.'”―Thomas D'Evelyn, Christian Science Monitor
“Hadot's account moves gracefully from the beginning of philosophy among the Greeks, though its transformation under the Romans, and the encounter with Christianity, also touching on the relation between Eastern and Western philosophy. Profound learning stylishly worn makes the whole book, and the whole sweep of philosophy's first 1,000 years, accessible to any reader interested in what philosophy was like before it was taken over by the professors.”―Barry Allen, Globe & Mail
“Pierre Hadot deserves to be better known to English-language readers―and not just because he was a favorite of Michel Foucault's and is the man largely responsible for introducing Wittgenstein to the French. Hadot is a historian of ancient philosophy, a professor emeritus at the prestigious Collège de France. But it is more accurate to say that he is a philosopher who makes use of the ancients for his own ideas… In What is Ancient Philosophy? Hadot brings all his concerns together in a small volume of extraordinary erudition and surprising…clarity of prose… It is the summa of a distinguished career.”―Barry Gewen, New York Times Book Review
“This is a stimulating book. Thinking comparatively about what philosophy was and is will surely enrich the field.”―R. Kamtekar, Choice
“In its sweep and clarity of presentation, I would compare this book with some of the great syntheses of an earlier generation―for instance, Werner Jaeger's Paideia. At the center of the study is the strikingly original notion of the spiritual exercise, which Professor Hadot here and elsewhere shows to lie at the heart of Greek Hellenistic thinking about man, morality, and the universe.”―Brian Stock, University of Toronto
“Hadot's What Is Ancient Philosophy? is a wonderful book. It strives to persuade us to revise our view of philosophy―to think of philosophy, as the ancients did, as crucially involving a philosophical way of life.”―Michael Frede, Oxford University
“This book is a masterpiece of erudition and insight―it combines Pierre Hadot's extraordinary textual knowledge, his profound and original philosophical vision, and his famously lucid prose to give us a new way of approaching ancient philosophy. Beyond this, it proposes a conception of the tasks of philosophy that will be of abiding interest to philosophers and nonphilosophers alike.”―Arnold Davidson, University of Chicago
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About the Author
Pierre Hadot was Professor Emeritus at the Collège de France. His books include Philosophy as a Way of Life and Plotinus.
Product details
Paperback: 384 pages
Publisher: Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press; New Ed edition (March 15, 2004)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0674013735
ISBN-13: 978-0674013735
Product Dimensions: 5.5 x 1 x 8.5 inches
Shipping Weight: 12.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review: 4.6 out of 5 stars 27 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #68,564 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
#175 in Books > Politics & Social Sciences > Philosophy > Greek & Roman
#201 in Books > Textbooks > Humanities > Philosophy > History & Surveys
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Washu-chan
5.0 out of 5 starsGreat one-volume summary of Western philosophical traditionNovember 22, 2016
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This book provides an excellent summary of the nature, purposes, and evolution of major Greek and Roman philosophical schools and their descendants through the medieval era. As such it is an excellent one-volume introduction to many of the traditions and personalities involved in those schools, and includes tidbits that you will not get from a typical university course. (Did you know that Plato's school included at least a couple of women, one of whom initially snuck in disguised as a man?) A major theme of the work is that the definition of philosophy has changed dramatically in recent centuries. Philosophy is usually now seen as an academic profession devoted to scholarly discussion of selected texts and concepts. In the classical and medieval eras, philosophy was primarily a way of life, which (at least for some schools) might be sought after by people in any walk of life. For those of us who still have an interest in the latter definition, this work is inspiring.
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ColNel
5.0 out of 5 starsand am so glad I bought this bookJuly 31, 2017
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It is a fair length of time since I have read any philosophy, and am so glad I bought this book. I had not read, nor even heard of Pierre Hadot until now, am halfway through this book and have already ordered the one on Marcus Aurelius. Hadot writes very clearly, discusses and analyses the terrain seemingly easily, as does someone who knows their field and was obviously used to helping others traverse it with him. This has reignited my love for the ancient philosophers.
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Greg Taylor
VINE VOICE
5.0 out of 5 starsFrom the sage to the professor.May 26, 2009
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Hadot's What is Ancient Philosophy is the summation of a lifetime of research and practice in philosophy.
His thesis is fairly simple. Ancient philosophy begins in an existential choice. That choice is based on a vision of the world and a way of life based on that vision. It results in both a philosophical practice and a philosophical discourse. The practice has become largely ignored in favor of focusing on the discourse and this has resulted in a fairly complete misunderstanding of ancient philosophy.
I am not claiming that Hadot's presentation of ancient philosophy is completely correct. I think there are some problems with his formulation but before I get into that, I want to broadly outline his thesis.
First, when Hadot say ancient philosophy he means Greek and Roman philosophy- in spite of some other reviewers he is very cautious about comparisons to other traditions, such as Buddhism, Judaism or Taoism.
He sees that tradition of philosophy as largely composed of the Platonic Academy, Aristotle's school, Epicureanism and Stoicism. He also talks about the Cynics and the Pythagoreans although not in as much detail.
At the end of the book (p.278) he suggest that these schools represent fundamental alternatives toward human existence. All cultures can probably be shown to exhibit some variant of these alternatives.
Each of these schools posits an ethics, a physics and a theology. These three components were mutually supportive and served to explain the role of humanity in the cosmos and the role of the individual in the city, with their family and in the development of their own soul. The expression of these three components made up the philosophers discourse.
But that discourse was just empty words without the philosophers practice.
This practice took many forms some of which were specific to one school but many of which were common to all the schools. There was frequently a social component which might be the dedication to philosophical dialogue (as exemplified in Plato and some of the writings of Cicero), or to living together as a group following rules and regulations (which likely heavily influenced the monastic orders that Christianity developed). There were spiritual exercises that served to distance the individual philosopher from her everyday point of view. For example, she might be encouraged to develope the "view from above" which tried to see all of her life as if from a great almost cosmic distance. From this perspective, all her hopes, disappointments, stivings as well of those of others seemed equally petty and small. All events and all things seemed of equal value. She became detached from her everyday human ties to these things.
Or she might be encouraged to be mindful of the omnipresence of the possibility of her death. From this perspective, each moment became incredibly precious, an unfolding experience that she must give herself over to with all her being.
I want to throw in a personal aside here. I studied philosophy at Sir George Williams University in Montreal, Quebec in the '70s. I do not want to diminish in any way what I learned there. I took a year long seminar in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason from Prof. Vladimir Zeman that changed my life and taught me what little I know about being a scholar.
But the sort of exercises that Hadot describes as being the core of the daily life of the ancient philosopher were completely unheard of in what I was taught. Or, I suspect, in what most of our universities teach. Hadot dissects the meaning of the word philosophy as the lover of wisdom- not she who is wise but she who persues wisdom.
As Hadot points out, that lack of focus on philosophical practice distorts that history. By focusing on theoretical discourse and its most coherent expression, we lose sight of the possibility that these things were not what was most valued in ancient philosophy. Ancient philosophers were trying to work with their friends, their associates, their families and their communities to effect changes in their souls. Their written material was teaching material designed to be used by different types of students. Consistancy is not to be expected (p. 274) Aporiai happen.
So what are the flaws in this account? Let me suggest two. First, Hadot like many others, sees the ancients as too much of a piece for my taste.
Read Part Two of his book carefully. He had wonderful sections devoted to each school- to their fundamental outlook, their ethics, physics, theology and their spiritual exercises. Read the section on Aristotle and his school. They were a little different. They come across in Hadot's narrative almost like a research program a là Lakatos (I am showing my philosophical age). In other words, they do not come across as particularly spiritual. They read more like a bunch of secular humanist scientists out to destroy Christmas. More seriously, they don't sound interested in spiritual practices. Their practice was to accumulate knowledge. I think Hadot tries a little too hard to force them into his framework.
Which segues into my second issue with Hadot. He sees philosophy as necessarily a rational enterprise. It seems to me in my investigations into spiritual practice that at some point one is brought face to face with the ineffable. Not the irrational but the ineffable. One is brought into contact with that which cannot be spoken, let alone put into a propositional logic. To the extent that ancient philosophy is grounded in rationality is the extent to which it cannot deal with this.
But I think that some of the spiritual exercises Hadot discusses are designed to bring our friend the philsopher face to face with just that. If I am reading Hadot correctly, I believe that he gets this aspect of the history wrong.
These are minor complaints about what is a magnificent work. I have been strongly influenced by my readings in Strauss of late. There are many similarities (the insistence on philosophy as a way of life) and many differences to explore between these two. More universally, Hadot is a challenge to almost everyone's approach to ancient philosophy. His work simply has to be faced and learned from.
Anyone who reads the Greek and Roman philosophers and who tries to learn from them has much to gain from this book. It is one thing to read Cicero or Seneca or Plato. It is another to try to live one's life based on such reading. Hadot just might inspire you to try.
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O. David Gold
5.0 out of 5 starsAs a old non-academic philosopher, I just prize this book.February 25, 2013
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Recently, at the age of 82, I became aware of this wonderful book. It is written so wonderfully since it is one of the few philosophy books that a non-academic can understand. His emphasis on the need to become personally involved in philosophy -"tasting the cooks recipe" - is so important to me.
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Thorwald Westmaas
5.0 out of 5 starsMust read for philosophy newbiesSeptember 9, 2014
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I'm pretty new to philosophy and particularly liked Pierre Hadot's vision of philosophy as a way of life instead of some abstract discipline.
The book is easy and enjoyable to read compared to some in this genre. I find it an excellent start for people new to philosophy.
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StrawberryPinch
4.0 out of 5 starsRequired readingDecember 8, 2013
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I got this book for a philosophy class I am taking. It's not the most interesting required text I've read, but it certainly is informative.
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Dr. Mark Abrahams
5.0 out of 5 starsFive StarsMarch 24, 2016
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I recently discovered Pierre Hadot's work and I love this one!
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Penguins
5.0 out of 5 starsGood bookMarch 5, 2014
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If your looking for a comprehensive guid on Ancient Philosophy this is the way to go. Hadot writes well and communicates overall themes to the reader in an enjoyable manner.
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