2026/05/19

Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of Viewing Religion William E Paden 1992

Amazon.com.au:Customer reviews: Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of Viewing Religion



Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of Viewing Religion
by William E Paden
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Book Description

William Paden’s classic exploration in religious studies, with a new introduction

In the current climate, Interpreting the Sacred provides a fresh, thorough way to consider and compare various religious belief systems. Paden puts forth the idea that our understanding of religion influences our understanding of ourselves and our world. Updated with a new introduction, this book is for anyone who wants to consider and discuss religious beliefs.
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Patrick Westfall
4.0 out of 5 stars Book Review: Interpreting the Sacred
Reviewed in the United States on 10 October 2025
Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase

Written in 1992, William Paden’s Interpreting the Sacred1 serves as a worthy introduction to the use of interpretive frames. Paden’s thesis is that our lenses shape our worldviews, which in turn shape our views on religion. The author also argues for plurality in our definitions of religion and asserts that we must make wide allowances for cultural differences.
Paden begins this acclaimed academic study by explaining that there are many varied descriptions of reality itself. He introduces the reader to his idea that “scale creates the phenomenon,” (p.4) which suggests that the size and scope of scholarly analysis determines what is observed and identified as religious phenomenon. He discusses various definitions of religion, explores the relationship between cause and meaning, and the use of interpretation as a form of behavior.
Paden moves through the rationalistic criticism of religion, citing Feuerbach, Hume and Marx, with the latter quoted as saying, “religion is the camouflage of social power” and that holy scripture such as the Pentateuch of Moses was written by humans. (p.23) To his credit, Paden also focuses upon the negative consequences of religion, which have included slavery, feminist repression, with some asserting that religion can be intellectually repressive as well. Paden identifies religion as the traditional interpreter of reality, but explains how religious interpretation itself is now open to being re-interpreted.
Paden moves through a brief sociological study of religion, citing Emile Durkheim’s view of religion as “a function of society, of culture, a system of belief and behavior which represented social ideals.” (p.29) He asserts that society creates the roles we play, and that the “gods” were originally social figures, such as patriarchs. Paden then cites Max Weber as teaching that “religion absorbs and then mirrors back the ethical and ideological orientation of different social classes” (p.37) and that the “prophets were manifestations of the capacity of religion to critique religion.” (p.39) Once again, Paden subjects these claims to sound scholarship and finds that Durkheim’s view is problematic because it is not a falsifiable hypothesis. (p.45)
Paden discusses Carl Jung’s “depth psychology” (p.48) and makes various assertions about the nature of the unconscious and the archetypes and gods as its symbols. Jung identifies three key stages as the ego relates to the unconscious: dependency, autonomy, and integration. These correspond to different levels of religious experience. He discusses the self as the ego connecting backward to past factors, and forward to its own transformation (p.54) and equates the Great Mother as the unconscious prior to ego development. Paden describes Jung’s view of YHVH as amoral, lacking in self-reflection, and unconscious. For Jung, YHVH develops morally throughout the biblical story. Paden uses Jung’s view of “the Shadow” to assert that what we dislike in others equates to the Shadow in ourselves, and views the gods as projections of our empowerments, and the demons as embodiments of our fears.
Overall, Paden does an admirable job at describing the underlying challenges of comparative religion, ultimately stating that these competing “perspectives existing side by side do not necessarily conflict until they start denying each other.” (p.126) In other words, religious conflict doesn’t result from what we agree to be true, but what we deny to be true. Paden’s “reciprocity model” appears to seek a middle ground between scientific objectivity and subjective relativity by asserting that interpretation informs meaning just as meaning can inform interpretation.
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성스러움의 해석 - 종교를 읽는 여러 가지 방법 
윌리엄 페이든 (지은이),이민용 (옮긴이)청년사2005-11-01
원제 : Interpreting the Scared: Ways of Viewing Religion (1992년)

책소개

비교종교학자 윌리엄 페이든의 이 책은 유럽 중심의 종교 해석에서 벗어나 비교 문화적인 관점에서 여러 종교 전통을 살펴봄으로써 기독교 중심적이고 유럽 중심적인 사고방식에서 벗어나 종교와 세계를 바라보는 공정한 시각을 제공한다.

종교를 비판했던 마르크스와 프로이트의 관점과 맥락은 무엇인가? 뒤르켐은 사회인류학적인 틀 속에서 종교를 어떻게 보는가? 또한 심층심리학에서 융은, 비교종교학이라는 틀에서 엘리아데는 종교를 어떻게 해석하는가? 서로 다른 관점들은 상충하거나 모순되지 않는가?

저자는 이런 질문들에 답하면서 각기 다른 관점들이 어떻게 각각 다른 서술 방법을 취하고 만들어지는지에 대한 맥락을 보여준다.


목차
한국어판 서문
2003년판 서문
1992년판 서문

1장 해석의 틀
2장 도전 : 종교에 대한 비판적 해석
3장 종교화 사회의 동반성
4장 정신과 신의 병행성
5장 종교 연구의 비교적 관점
6장 종교에 대한 종교적 해석 : 내부적 관점
7장 해석의 컨텍스트성
8장 다원성 : 주체와 함의

옮긴이의 말
후주
찾아보기

책속에서
종교라는 말은 그 자체가 해석적이고 규범적인 렌즈이다. 다른 정의들은 다른 자료 묶음들과 다른 초점들을 만든다. 종교란 그냥 거기에 놓여 있어 모든 사람이 보게 되어 있는 하나의 독립된 주제가 아니라, 그 말을 사용하는 사람이 일정한 종류의 현상과 연관시키기 위해 선택하는 하나의 용어이다.

만일 당신이 종교를 하나의 사회적 사건으로 생각한다면, 종교의 그러한 측면에 당신의 눈이 끌어당겨질 것이다. 만일 당신이 종교를 관용의 정신이나 신에 대한 경배라고 생각한다면, 그러한 인식이 당신에게 다른 자료의 범위를 만들어 줄 것이다. - 본문 22쪽에서  접기

저자 및 역자소개
윌리엄 페이든 (지은이) 

1967년 클레어몬트Claremont 대학교에서 비교종교학으로 박사학위를 받았으며, 2005년 현재 미국 버몬트 대학교 종교학과 교수로 재직하고 있다. 최근 새로운 비교주의(new comparativism)를 주창하면서 종교 연구에서 매우 중요한 비교 범주들에 대해 많은 글을 발표하고 있다. 저서로는 <Interpreting the Sacred: Ways ofViewing
Religion>(Beacon Press, 1992)이 있고, 주요 논문으로는 <Sacrality as Integrity: 'Sacred Order' as a Model for Describing Religious Worlds> 등이 있다. 접기
최근작 : <성스러움의 해석>,<비교의 시선으로 바라본 종교의 세계> … 총 2종 (모두보기)
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