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2022/08/30

Callings: Finding and Following an Authentic Life: Levoy, Gregg Michael

Callings: Finding and Following an Authentic Life: Levoy, Gregg Michael: 9780517705698: Amazon.com: Books

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Gregg Michael Levoy
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Callings: Finding and Following an Authentic Life Hardcover 
– September 16, 1997
by Gregg Michael Levoy (Author)
4.5 out of 5 stars 293 ratings


"Stunning! Wonderful! Levoy writes like a poet. His material is both spiritual and practical. I don't know another book that deals with callings in quite the same way."
--Larry Dossey, M.D., author of Healing Words and Prayer Is Good Medicine

How do we know if we're following our true callings? How do we sharpen our senses to cut through the distractions of everyday reality and hear the calls that are beckoning us?

Callings is a passionate look at the search for authenticity. In a style that is poetic, exuberant, and keenly insightful, Gregg Levoy breathes contemporary life into the ancient topic of callings. He presents an illuminating and ultimately practical inquiry into how we listen and respond to our calls, whether at work or at home, in our relationships or in service.

Callings is the first book to examine the many kinds of calls we receive, and the great variety of channels through which they come to us. A calling may be to do something (change careers, go back to school, leave or start a relationship, move to the country, have a child) or to be something (more creative, less judgmental, more loving). You may be called toward or away from something, called to change or renew your commitment to something, or called to return to a place or pursuit in an entirely new way. You may be called toward whatever you have dared and double-dared yourself to do for as long as you can remember.

Gregg Levoy draws on the hard-won wisdom and powerful stories of people who have followed their own calls, to show us the many ways to translate a calling into action. While honoring a calling's essential mystery, the book also guides readers to ask and answer the fundamental questions that arise from any calling: How do we recognize it? How do we distinguish the true calls from the siren song? How do we handle our resistance to a call? What happens when we say no? What happens when we say yes?

Whether your interest in callings is personal or professional, and whether the calls you hear are great trumpetings or the more common daily summonses to pay attention to your intuition, you will find this beautiful book an inspiration. It is a compassionate guide to discovering your own callings and negotiating the tight passages to personal power and authenticity.


339 pages
4.5 out of 5 stars 1,424

Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review
The lure of true calling is as powerful as it is exacting and Gregg Levoy's Callings: Finding and Following an Authentic Life plays upon this common yearning. Indeed, many recognize that there floats somewhere out there "... a call to each of us to materialize ourselves." And everyone can make his or her life "come true," attests Levoy, whose work has appeared in The New York Times Magazine, Washington Post, and Psychology Today, if one can learn to read the signs that point one toward one's calling.

But how do we attune--clear a path through ingrained skepticism, negative conditioning, and fear so that we can hear the call? This is the question fundamental to spiritual questing. Receptivity is the first step in the art of sign reading, discerning the calls that point life choices toward meaningful action. Levoy's tools include dream interpretation, relating physical symptoms to their metaphysical correspondences (i.e. the recurring pain in the neck), and recognizing serendipitous events. Learn to discern, Levoy instructs, distinguishing, for example, between true inner guidance and the babble in our heads. And don't expect a big "call," flashing chariots and burning bushes. Rather, Levoy will help the reader cultivate a sensitivity to the still, small voice within.

Since it's inspiration through old truths and classic adages, the success of the message depends, naturally, on a kind of practical clarity. At times frustrating, Callings entices the reader toward self-transformation with New Age rhetoric and examples not always applicable to our more ordinary plights. Quoting the impassioned Annie Dillard may be swell ("The thing is to stalk your calling in a certain skilled and supple way, to locate the most tender and live spot and plug into the pulse"), but--in the long run--metaphor is metaphor and how-to, though less stately and exalted, is the practical precursor to action. Readers familiar with the literature of self-actualization will want to skim the lengthy introduction with its fervent and redundant references to our spiritual spin doctors--Sufi poets Kabir and Rumi; Joseph Campbell; Kierkegaard. But like many deft cartographers of the subterranean terrain, Levoy's mixed bag of metaphor, anecdote, and myth ultimately inspires and encourages the hungry soul to define itself in relation to the divine. For those who can afford to ask these "quality-of- life" questions, Callings offers heartfelt crazy wisdom. Above all else, it's sound nutrient in our spiritually hollow time.


From Library Journal
If life is truly a process and not a destination, the possibility of actually trying a few of the alternate routes that occasionally beckon becomes real. In this inspiring book, Levoy, formerly a columnist for the Cincinnati Inquirer, shares the personal journeys of an assortment of people who were willing to take risks to find their authentic selves, unsure whether they would achieve self-actualization or enrichment. The author followed his own calling and is now a freelance writer and lecturer and teaches journalism. Elevated far above the category of self-help by Levoy's masterly writing, this book reads more like a philosophical guide for those who dare to examine their dreams and take action to explore them. He includes an extensive bibliography and instructions on contacting the people who shared their personal stories for a "continued" dialog. Recommended, especially for those readers who've experienced enough of life to wonder if it was meant to include authenticity and joy.?Catherine T. Charvat, John Marshall Lib., Alexandria, Va.
Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From the Inside Flap
ng! Wonderful! Levoy writes like a poet. His material is both spiritual and practical. I don't know another book that deals with callings in quite the same way." <br>--Larry Dossey, M.D., author of Healing Words and Prayer Is Good Medicine<br><br>How do we know if we're following our true callings? How do we sharpen our senses to cut through the distractions of everyday reality and hear the calls that are beckoning us? <br><br>Callings is a passionate look at the search for authenticity. In a style that is poetic, exuberant, and keenly insightful, Gregg Levoy breathes contemporary life into the ancient topic of callings. He presents an illuminating and ultimately practical inquiry into how we listen and respond to our calls, whether at work or at home, in our relationships or in service.<br><br>Callings is the first book to examine the many kinds of calls we receive, and the great variety of channels through which they come to us


From the Back Cover
"Gregg Levoy offers a discerning eye for peering into one's life to translate the recurring symptoms of refusing the inner voices, to gather the courage to answer what calls. He does this with good writing, humor, and a strong clarion voice."
--Clarissa Pinkola Estés, Ph.D., author of Women Who Run with the Wolves, The Gift of Story, and The Faithful Gardener

"Callings can help you discover your true vocation--and help you hear the still small voice that calls you by name."
--Sam Keen, Ph.D., author of Fire in the Belly and Hymns to an Unknown God

"Gregg Levoy has written about the nature of guidance with a ringing clarity. Callings is a spiritual seduction that gives form to a universal mystery. I'd recommend it to anyone who is seeking to hold the divine hand through a transition in their lives."
--Caroline Myss, Ph.D., author of Anatomy of the Spirit

About the Author
GREGG LEVOY, author of This Business of Writing, is a full-time freelance writer whose essays and articles have appeared in The New York Times Magazine, Washington Post, Omni, Psychology Today, and others, and is the recipient of a first-place writing award from the Associated Press. Formerly a columnist for the Cincinnati Enquirer and adjunct professor of journalism at the University of New Mexico, he actively lectures and teaches workshops about callings.
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Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harmony; 1st edition (September 16, 1997)
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 339 pages
Gregg Michael Levoy



Gregg Levoy is the author of 'Vital Signs: The Nature and Nurture of Passion' (Penguin), and 'Callings: Finding and Following An Authentic Life' (Random House)----rated among the "Top 20 Career Publications" by the Workforce Information Group and a text in various graduate programs in Management and Organizational Leadership.

He is a former “behavioral specialist” at USA Today, and a regular blogger for Psychology Today.

He is a lecturer and seminar-leader in the business, educational, governmental, faith-based and human-potential arenas, and has keynoted and presented workshops at the Smithsonian Institution, Environmental Protection Agency, National League of Cities, National Conference on Positive Aging, Microsoft, British Petroleum, American Express, Ascension Health, Americorps, Michigan National Bank, the Universities of California/Colorado/Washington/Arizona/Nevada/Wisconsin/Texas and others, the American Counseling Association, National Career Development Association, International Association of Career Management Professionals, National Association of Colleges & Employers, Esalen Institute, Omega Institute, and others, and has been a frequent guest of the media, including ABC-TV, CNN, NPR and PBS.

A former adjunct professor of journalism at the University of New Mexico, former columnist and reporter for USA Today and the Cincinnati Enquirer, and author of 'This Business of Writing' (Writer’s Digest Books), he has written for the New York Times Magazine, Washington Post, Omni, Psychology Today, Christian Science Monitor, Reader’s Digest, and many others, as well as for corporate, promotional and television projects. His website is www.gregglevoy.com.

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4.5 out of 5 stars

Top reviews from the United States


rsally

5.0 out of 5 stars Must readReviewed in the United States on March 29, 2022
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This book is great. It has helped me as a career counselor.

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M. McCarthy

5.0 out of 5 stars One of My Top 5 Favorite BooksReviewed in the United States on July 23, 2006
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I first read Gregg Levoy's book several years ago. It was by far the best book on the subject of callings I had ever come across. Being in the field of organizational development has led me to many books on the topic, but none that compares to this. 

What I love about this book is that it talks not just of 

  • the importance of finding your calling(s), but goes on in depth to
  •  address the question of "once you find it what happens next?", as well as 
  • "if I follow it and it throws my whole life up in the air, then what?" 

This book is a rare gem because Levoy draws together many minds on the subject of callings. He is a consummate storyteller, which I love, because it's a book of people's actual journeys rather than purely the author's philosophy. 

I've re-read this book twice and have bought nearly 500 copies which I give to clients and executive teams, many at major corporations in the US, Canada and Europe. 

Every time I give it to someone they tell me they've gone on to buy more copies for others. If you read this book and it doesn't speak to you, it might mean you're not ready to pursue a calling that's niggling at you. If so, pick it up again later and you might find it the perfect book. Every time I've read it, something new jumps out at me realting to the place I'm in at the time. I also went on to sign up for Gregg Levoy's Callings Workshop, which was spectacular. It led me to bring the author to both Chicago and the U.K. to speak to my clients. You can find out when his workshops are happening by going to [...]

15 people found this helpful

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Tanis Coralee Leonhardi

5.0 out of 5 stars What is your heartcall?Reviewed in the United States on January 7, 2020
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Maybe you just love rocks (like me!) 
or maybe your heart calls out to something that in today’s world just doesn’t seem feasible. 
I liked this book as it provides some clarity on if you are just doing what others want you to do or if you are following your true callings. A good read if your feel you are at a crossroads and need some clarity on how to proceed and what to pursue that stays true to you. After all maybe those rocks calling prevent the next mass extinction (that falls in the wheelehouse of geology) or you tell the story of how the mountain next to the home you were raised in was formed and the minerals and Earth processes that made it what we see and experience today.

5 people found this helpful

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Shiva

3.0 out of 5 stars Poetic prose ad nauseum. Just about every paragraph quotes someone else. Repetitive - too many flowery analogies.Reviewed in the United States on January 3, 2016
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  • Yes, the author definitely writes like a poet and that's part of what attracted me to this book - that and the sneak peek of what's inside. 
  • But like a movie trailer - the best parts for me are what was free to read. I wanted to hear more about how to hone my intuition - how to sensitise myself to my own inner voice. 
  • What I got was lot's of pretty words but no clear direction. It seemed to me that the writer cared more about flowery prose then content - there was way too much embellishment. 
  • After a while I was bored and distracted by it. Also, this guy loves to quote people - at least one per page it seems - often one per paragraph. That drove me nuts. He also beats a point to death with a host of verbose analogies - way more than necessary. 
  • Glad others liked the book but I couldn't finish it. I gave it three stars for the parts that did help me but it was only a small portion of the book. Honestly I really wanted to give it two stars but so many people seemed to have liked this book it didn't seem fair.

12 people found this helpful

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Lydia Pettis

4.0 out of 5 stars Pages out of orderReviewed in the United States on January 7, 2012
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This is a deep and rich exploration of all stages of being called to live a more authentic life. 
Being called is not an easy path; rather it is one that may involve resistance, impatience, and more time than you ever imagined. If you are in the midst of the waiting, or are wondering if the payoff will be worth the investment, this book will normalize your experience and help you to relax into the process. Callings are as much about simply being as doing. Overall I found this to be an inspiring and satisfying book, one that helped me to take some of the pressure off myself by putting my own experience into perspective.

On every page there are 1 - 3 quotes from others. This is both a blessing and an occasional annoyance. Finally, buyer beware, the last 30 pages of this book are out of order (I returned the first one, the second one was the same).

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Dogearred Bookmarker

5.0 out of 5 stars There was even a good and honest chapter about refusing a callingReviewed in the United States on October 5, 2015
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Let me begin by saying that I think this is the first book I've read that has more dogearred pages than pages without turned down corners. The book is well organized, very well written, loaded with soul and spirit-opening material, juicy quotes, enlightening stories that don't always end the way you expect and tempered with warnings about the hard work and failures that answering a call entails. There was even a good and honest chapter about refusing a calling.

 I was struck by a list of contact information for many of the people whose stories appear in the book. There is an extensive bibliography. I wish there had been an index though that would have been a tough task in a book of this nature. I know what I am giving my friends at the Adoration Chapel this Christmas and other friends who share a spiritual nature.

14 people found this helpful

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byondmyrs

5.0 out of 5 stars Levoy is a brilliant writer with a worthy cause -- our fulfillment!Reviewed in the United States on July 19, 2019
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I was assigned this book by one of my favorite professors in graduate school for counseling psychology, and as an incredibly nit-picky reader I was astounded by the quality of Levoy's writing. Through his rich case examples and deeply heartfelt storytelling, he takes us on several people's journeys with the ultimate purpose of supporting the exploration of our own paths. Rather than trying to sell us on a particular method or espouse a singular approach, Levoy deftly hints at the treasures we can unfold in cultivating awareness of our most transcendent capabilities and wishes.

8 people found this helpful

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Leenie

5.0 out of 5 stars StunningReviewed in the United States on March 13, 2017
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This book is stunning. I loved the mix of mythology, symbolism, and real-life stories which are used to explain each point. The author really offers a unique and rare perspective on the subject of callings. There is so much in this book it's almost a little overwhelming - I was completely hooked once I got started reading it, yet I would need to set it down frequently in order to ponder and digest the content. This is a book for people at a crossroads, and for people who feel like they have been sleep-walking through life and would like to awaken. I particularly liked the section addressing the shadow side of callings - the sense of ambivalence or even self-sabotage and how to be aware of it.

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Jeff
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May 24, 2008
I first read this book back in the late '90s and have proceeded to read it at least once a year annually since then. I am now on my fourth copy, having read two copies to tatters and loaned out a third to a good friend (who is undoubtedly affected enough by the material for me to not warrant asking for its return).

In paradoxically light yet profound way, 

"Callings" trolls the collective human consciousness for familiar and foreign concepts interwoven in history through such vehicles as fable, parable, mythology, spirituality, philosophy, and more that are meant to address such issues as:
* The existence of transformative "callings" in life
* How to distinguish the "true call from the siren song"
* Learning to appreciate and act upon the smallest signs and calls for change
* Do we have any obligations with regard to callings? If so, what would/could be the consequences?


Moreover, the author is blessed with an intoxicatingly addictive writing style that pulls from international historical, spiritual, and contemporary sources to paint the prose with a rainbow of multi-sensory literary hues. 

The information herein appeals to humanity on a larger, higher level for it is a common navigational thread throughout all of recorded existence and one that transcends denominations, political parties and even commercialized pop thought.

It provides an avenue to understanding and embracing the ubiquitous human question we all (typically silently) ask. Very insightful and masterly written, "Callings" is a call to action for the armchair life enthusiast in all of us and proffers a host of relevant and accessible thought trains that will simultaneously entertain, stimulate, and bless the reader's mind with enrichment.

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Brenda Brown
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December 13, 2012
I wasn't "looking" for this book but saw it on a table many years ago at a large bookstore in Atlanta. This is simply one of the most influential and lovely non-fiction books I have read in my 46 years; I have recommended it to many others who have told me how special it was to them. Thank you Gregg Levoy.

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Dave
3 reviews

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March 26, 2008
This book has a special place in my heart and it's impacted my life in a signficant way. It all started when I met the author "by chance" in Asheville, NC last year.

At the time I was searching in my life and had travelled for a vacation to Asheville (my first time in Asheville actually). One evening I was in downtown and saw a group of people playing drums outside in the open air. One of the men playing seemed to stick out to me - somehow you could tell he had great passion for what he was doing. I noticed it immediately and for that reason he made an impression on me. Later that night I was in a coffee shop and looked up to see him sitting outside alone. I don't often get this feeling but something inside me compelled me to go talk to the guy. 

I introduced myself and told him a bit about my life, how I was searching, wondering about careers, passion in life, and that I had noticed when he played he did so with passion. We talked for a while and he mentioned that he was an author and had just written a book about people that have passion in their life, and people that don't. I was fascinated and before the weekend was over I had bought the book and started reading it.

The book is very thought-provoking, very deep. Often I will read just a few pages and feel I need to stop and really think about the meaning for my life.

I don't agree with all of the authors viewpoints, and at times the thoughts seem somewhat scattered and random. But in general it is a fantastic book, loaded with a lot of meaning and things to provoke thought. I would highly recommend it to anyone searching for clarity in their career or life. It provides an excellent resource for extracting the basic "themes" of one's life, and helps get to the crux of your values and beliefs.

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Annette
277 reviews1 follower

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ReadMay 15, 2013
Use this book often with clients. Return to its poetry and clarity myself from time to time when moving into a new project.

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Lee
49 reviews2 followers

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January 5, 2020
Some really beautiful stories and musings in this book, as well as some deeply personal reflections. A bit overlong, and the writing style is distracting at times.

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Caitlin H
103 reviews16 followers

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December 9, 2017
I put this on my to-read even though, when it came time to read it, i was uncertain about it. I didn't know if it would be filled with out-of-date claims, or drivel that was never in date, so to speak. I thought maybe it would be too optimistic, too late '90s, too baby boomer for me to take seriously.

Thankfully, none of this turned out to be the case. Instead, the book is, on the whole, thoughtful, rich, & deep.

For example, Gregg Levoy doesn't advocate for throwing your job away, which usually seems to be the sentiment of most people who parrot "follow your bliss". This, aside from some Tweets recently, is the first time that i feel like i've seen this practicality. Some of us need a day job, if only for a while, but we're still practically made to feel like shit about it. Even though society might collapse if everyone who had a bliss or a dream went & followed it, we're still hearing that's what we should be doing, & that we're wasting something if we're not. And you could argue that Levoy is kind of on this side, & you wouldn't be entirely wrong. But i feel that Levoy is more concerned with what we ignore in our lives, what we sacrifice on the altar of practicality even when we could have a more fulfilling life.

Levoy goes through it all in this book, & he tells stories of others as well as himself to illuminate his points. You get to see his own foibles, which makes me feel more willing to hear what he has to say. He's no guru. He also struggles. He's not holier than thou, he's in life with everyone else. But he pays attention to things, & listens to people. He relates many stories throughout the course of Callings, & oftentimes, they begin with people holding themselves back somehow. They're people who have something that they want to do, but they push it off & away, saying they couldn't possibly do it. It's like pushing away food when you're incredibly hungry, while insisting you're not. Only once these people admit that they are hungry do their lives open up.

And i'm sure that there's still a healthy dose of '90s optimism. The book was published in 1997, after all. But Levoy doesn't make it sound like everything will easily fall into your lap once you say "yes" to a calling. Contrary to other modern "law of attraction" type things, Levoy lets you know that it will most likely be hard, that you'll have to work for it, that it won't be smooth. He actually counters a lot that gets parroted these days: if your path is smooth & straight, he says, that doesn't mean it's the right one. And vice versa, with a rough path, it doesn't mean it's the wrong one.

There were parts where the writing grew rough, like when the author meets a trans woman. Aside from his "holy shit" response, he misgenders her, using "he" as the pronoun. This was, thankfully, very brief. Although Levoy sounds sympathetic to the woman trying to live her life, it's still not taken care of so well. If you are queer, especially if you're trans, this could be incredibly jarring & mar the whole experience of the book for you.

Overall, this book was deeply impactful for me. I want to own a copy, I want other people to read it. It makes you want to reevaluate your life & priorities. It makes you thoughtful.
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Rebecca
35 reviews31 followers

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November 24, 2014
This is an excellent book on identifying and acting (or not) on personal callings. I had begun this book several times since I got it back in the late 90s but never finished it - obviously because I wasn't ready for it. But this time I relished it from cover to cover and gained much from it's words. Levoy helps the reader identify what a calling looks like and feels like and then provides the pros and cons of both accepting and denying a calling. This is not a book of magical thinking. It is a book of straight talk about what one gains and what one must lose in the acceptance of a calling and how that acceptance is an ongoing process that must be repeated as needed - one "yes" isn't enough. We must continue to say "yes" and continue to act and move forward in the direction of the calling even if it is only in the smallest of steps. I found it very enlightening and affirming in my own recognition and acceptance of my own calling. Highly recommended to the spiritual seeker.
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John G.
222 reviews12 followers

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January 2, 2016
This is one of the best books about calling and vocational discernment out there, the author writes with clarity, experience and sensitivity. He's not preachy or condescending in any way, this book heavily relies on the subjective, sorry no easy, set pat answers here for you or me. There's a lot of wisdom in this book, he's walked the walk and you can sense he's truly motivated to share with answers, he in fact, shines from one who has found his own calling. Highly recommend, it will bear repeated readings, but in the best of ways!
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2022/08/29

** "Leadings" For Nontheistic Friends? - Friends Journal 2011 By Steven Smith (Steve)

"Leadings" For Nontheistic Friends? - Friends Journal

“Leadings” For Nontheistic Friends?

By Steven Smith, [ = Steve Smith]

January 1, 2011


When I speak of being led or feeling called to act in some way, do my words commit me to a traditional theistic worldview? 

In using these phrases, have I implied the existence of a supernatural, all-powerful being, creator of the universe, who watches over my life and guides my steps? Conversely, if I doubt this traditional theistic worldview, must I give up the language of leadings and callings and substitute explicitly humanistic or scientific terms?

To each of these questions, I answer no. While these terms are rooted in the rich history of traditional Western monotheism, their linguistic evolution has attenuated their links to any specific theological framework, 
allowing a variety of spiritual but nontheistic interpretations. 
What remains essential is that 
when one responds to a leading or calling, 
one yields to deeper guidance and wisdom 
than can be found in the deliberations and calculations of one’s small self.

I do not personally endorse nontheism or theism, 
but rather suggest that the language of leadings and callings 
can be used with integrity by both theistic and nontheistic Friends 
to name genuine features of their experience. 

By theism, I mean belief in the existence of God or gods—and especially, belief in one God who created and intervenes in the universe. Nontheists deny just what theism asserts. Some nontheists are scientific materialists, holding that nothing exists except physical energy and matter, subject to scientific knowledge. The word atheism is often used to name this position, which is opposed not only to belief in God, but also typically to any form of religious belief.

Nontheism, however, also includes views that are not hostile to religion or spirituality. 
For example, prominent strains of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taoism are nontheistic. Certain traditional orthodox systems of Hinduism (the Carvakas and Sankhya schools) are expressly materialistic and atheistic. 

While Buddhist and Taoist folk religions tend to be polytheistic, most scholars of comparative religion agree that 
the historical core of both these great world religions is nontheistic—ultimate spiritual reality does not have the character of a personal god.

Western cultures also recognize nontheistic spirituality. One example is pantheism. Those who find spiritual sustenance and renewal in nature may reject belief in a supernatural, divine creator. 
And in contemporary popular culture, when protagonists in the Star Wars film series proclaim that "the Force is with you," they are not naming a personal, creator deity, but rather an impersonal, benign power in the universe. As these examples illustrate, one can be genuinely religious and/or spiritual without being theistic. To recognize this fact is to open oneself to a variety of nontheistic interpretations of "leadings" and "callings."

Several years ago, after publishing a manuscript that had occupied my energies for several years, I was ready to take a break from writing and turn my attention to other matters. Despite my intentions, I found myself overcome by persistent preoccupation with a new writing project. 

Even as I turned to the activities I had planned, something originating outside of my conscious agenda insinuated itself into the interstices of my life. At odd moments of the day and night, a persistent feeling overcame me that something needed to be said—and that I was the one to say it. As I lay awake at night, or sat during my morning meditation period, or drove my car alone, insights spontaneously sprang up—a distinction I wanted to make, a deft turn of phrase, an unexpected link with another resource. I kept a pen and pad of paper handy to record these visitations. I sensed that what I was putting into words might eventually be helpful to others. Eventually I yielded and committed myself to the new project.

Was I under the sway of a compulsive obsession? I have known genuine obsessions, with their undercurrent of fear. This was different. Unlike obsessive compulsive behavior, which is driven by anxiety and yields only momentary relief, I felt excited, liberated, and joyful when I responded to these impulses. Though my efforts were mentally strenuous, they had a quality of spontaneous play as uplifting energy broke into my life.

Had I been born into another time and place, had I been raised within another set of cultural and religious beliefs, I might have given another name to the source of my inspiration. I might have said that I had been visited by an angel, or by a deceased elder from another realm, or by occult signals from the stars. I might have attributed my "obsession" to a personal muse or daimon. I might have regarded it as simply an eruption from the depths of my own unconscious. But I was raised among Friends—and thus I turned to the language and explanation that came most naturally to me: I told myself that I was experiencing a leading.

We may confuse the raw quality of immediate experience with the explanation that we are taught to give of that experience. The words that I used to describe my experience were secondary; the primary fact was the experience itself. I felt as though I were literally being drawn to my work. I felt a positive valence, a pull, accompanied by an unnamed fascination. Something gently required my attention. I might still refuse to respond; I might turn away and ignore the "message." Sometimes I did just that—and felt a certain sad pointlessness creep into my life. But when I opened to the leading—when I was faithful—I felt a path opening before me. Stepping onto that path, striding forward, I felt lighter, happier, more myself—despite objections from my "rational" mind.

There is no sharp line or absolute distinction between the immediate quality of lived experience and the explanation or interpretation one may give of that experience. What we sense is structured by what we believe; the sensual is already formed by concepts that we have learned and take for granted. Still, when we Friends speak of leadings and callings, I imagine that the underlying experiential realities to which we point are far more universal than the names that we give them. To insist upon our own terminology to explain these experiential realities and reject alternative belief systems as false or even "heretical," is to assume a dogmatic orthodoxy. It is to place blinders on ourselves and promote intolerance and exclusion, inviting division and conflict. In his superb book, Callings: Finding and Following an Authentic Life (1997), Gregg Levoy puts the point forthrightly:


Calls, of course, beg the question "Who, or what, is calling?" But in attempting to answer this question even an exhaustive list of every name for Soul or Destiny or God would be beside the point. It simply doesn’t matter whether we call it God, the Patterning Intelligence, the Design Mind, the Unconscious, the Soul, the Force of Completion, the Center Court, or simply "life’s longing for itself," as Kahlil Gibran envisioned. It is clear, however that "living means being addressed," as the theologian Martin Buber once said, and whatever or whoever is addressing us is a power like wind or fusion or faith: We can’t see the force, but we can see what it does.

In affirming such an open and inclusive stance, have we drifted so far from the origins of Quakerism that we can no longer claim to be Friends?

Certainly early Friends assumed a theistic, biblically based understanding of leadings and callings. The language of George Fox in his Journal is unabashedly literal and explicit: "The Lord did gently lead me along . . ." "It was upon me from the Lord to go and speak . . . " "The Lord commanded me to go abroad into the world . . ." Similar descriptions are readily found in the writings of other Friends, from the beginning of Quakerism to the present day.

It is also true, however, that what counted most for early Friends were not the words one used to describe one’s spiritual experiences, but those experiences themselves. Fox’s vocal ministry was often directed against the "professors," those who—perhaps emboldened by theological training at Oxford or Cambridge— talked learnedly about religious matters but did not manifest in their own lives the transforming presence of Spirit. Frequently citing 2 Corinthians 3:6, "The letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life," Fox, in his Journal, railed against those who "fed upon words, and fed one another with words, but trampled upon the life, and . . . the blood of the Son of God . . . and they lived in their airy notions talking of him."

In contrast, Fox insisted that faith entails feeling and living from the real Presence. He asked Friends to "Live in the Life of God, and feel it" (Epistle #95, in The Power of the Lord Is Over All, ed. T. Canby Jones). Early Quaker leader Isaac Penington urged a similar spiritual practice: "Sink into the feeling and dwell in the feeling, and wait for the savour of the principle of life" (excerpt in Knowing the Mystery of Life Within, R. Melvin Keiser & Rosemary Moore). Caroline Stephens used the language of feeling to describe her "never- to-be-forgotten" first encounter with Quaker worship; she found herself in "a small company of silent worshipers who were content to sit down together without words, that each one might feel after and draw near to the Divine Presence" (Quaker Strongholds—Quaker Faith and Practice, Britain Yearly Meeting).

If what is essential about religious faith is located in the words one uses to express that faith, then the words must be very carefully parsed. Deviation from "true doctrine" must be rejected— it is an enticement to spiritual death. In contrast, when what is essential to religious faith is located not in the language used to describe one’s "condition" (a term much favored by early Friends), but in that condition itself, then one is freed to use a rich variety of words and metaphors to point out and evoke that condition. The language used by early Friends to describe the workings of the Spirit was extraordinarily varied and metaphorical: Light, Seed, Truth, Christ, Life, Fountain, the pure babe in the virgin mind, the Topstone, the Flame, the Lamb—and many other marvelous images. Whereas orthodoxy favors carefully defined terms with sharply delineated boundaries of meaning, charismatic and mystical faiths foster fountains of poetic images that do not define, but rather evoke, spiritual experience.

The elasticity of religious boundaries among early Friends is at times startling. Howard Brinton, in Friends for 300 Years, writes that when Quaker Josiah Coale was traveling in the New World with George Fox, he wrote, "We found these Indians more sober and Christian-like toward us than the Christians so-called." Another Friend, Elizabeth Newport, found the Seneca Indians on the Cataraugus reservation (in present-day New York State) to be divided into two groups that she named "Pagans" and "Christians." Strikingly, she wrote, "The Pagans believed in Quaker worship and the guidance of the Spirit while the Christians seek information from the missionaries."

While one may legitimately speak of "leadings" and "callings" in some nontheistic systems of belief, other nontheistic uses of these terms lack an essential connection to spiritual reality. A genuinely spiritual leading cannot be merely a "good idea" that I have cooked up, nor can it be an imperative derived from a political ideology or philosophical scheme. Most importantly, if I am following a genuine leading, I am not leading myself, nor am I being led by another human authority figure. Even when I am helped to become aware of a true leading by another person with a deeply discerning spirit, I am called to be faithful not to that person, but to something larger.

The English philosopher of religion John Hick declared that "The function of religion . . is to transform human existence from self-centeredness to reality-enteredness" 
(Introduction to Chatterjee, Gandhi’s Religious Thought). 

True leadings and callings come from reality, not self. 
While great cultural and religious traditions construe reality in widely varying ways, none limits spiritual guidance to purely human sources. 
To be faithful is to respond to that which is larger, higher, and deeper than the purely human; it is to awaken and respond to the mystery that not only encompasses what we are, but much, much more.

2022/08/28

Reflections on a Non-Theistic Spirituality Paul Chefurka

Reflections on a Non-Theistic Spirituality

Reflections on a Non-Theistic Spirituality

Paul Chefurka
http://www.paulchefurka.ca/



Throughout my life I’ve identified myself strongly as an atheist and until quite recently I’ve devoted very little time or energy to my inner life or thoughts of the sacred.

As I mature, however, I find I become less concerned about what the world thinks of me and more concerned with what I feel about the world. In the process I've realized something important: I harbor a very deep thirst for a direct experience of the sacred.

As I’ve explored various ways of slaking this thirst I’ve had to ask myself some fundamental questions. Among them are, 
  • “What does it mean to be a non-theist on a spiritual path?”, 
  • “How can a non-theist pursue spirituality?” and 
  • “Why would they want to?”

The last question is the easiest to answer. The desire to pursue spiritual exploration is always deeply personal and arises ineluctably from within the seeker. For me it came as a feeling that some necessary expression of an essential, transcendent value was missing from my life and that I was incomplete, even suffering, without it. The ensuing search has been fueled by a deep desire to know the whole truth about myself and my relationship with the world in which I live.

The answers to the first two questions have been gradually revealed through the trial and error of my explorations. This article is an attempt to describe some of the answers I have found along the way.
AtheismAs I said above, I have identified myself in the past as an atheist. What does that mean and how does it leave any room for spirituality?

Anyone who has ever discussed religious topics on the internet knows what a slippery term “atheism” turns out to be. The definition seems to depend largely on who is using the word and who they’re talking about. The most inclusive definition of atheism is simply “the disbelief in deity”. That raises the follow-on questions of what is meant by belief and disbelief and what is meant by “deity”. This rabbit-hole contains enough fodder to keep people debating for centuries.

Since most of Europe and North America have a Judeo-Christian or Islamic religious history the basic definition of “atheist” that most of us are familiar with is a person who does not believe in the Abrahamic God of those religions. Atheists themselves subdivide that position into “weak” or “implicit” atheism (“I do not believe there is a God”) and “strong” or “explicit” atheism (“I believe there is no God”). It’s a subtle but significant distinction, at least to atheists.

But of course there are many other concepts of “God”, from the polytheistic Hindu pantheon of 330 million individuated gods to the abstract pantheist perception of god as “all-that-is” to the duotheistic beliefs of Wicca in which a Goddess and a God are equal facets of a greater pantheistic Godhead. To some who adhere strictly to an Abrahamic religious view all these traditions may be considered atheistic regardless of their worship of the divine. Interestingly, the reverse does not generally hold true: Hindus and Wiccans tend not to look on Christians or Muslims as atheistic.

I definitely do not believe in the “objective” existence of personified deities like the Abrahamic versions of God or the Hindu pantheon. However if you substitute the specific word “God” with the more general word “sacred” things become a little more nebulous.

I do have a very strong sense of the sacred and this has a pervasive influence on my intellectual, emotional and spiritual life. For example, my ecological awareness of the interdependence of all life imbues my feelings toward nature with a sense of the sacred. This extends out to an awareness of the interdependence of all things – a concept that the Vietnamese Buddhist teacher Thich Nhat Hanh calls “interbeing”.

My god-concept flows from this and as a result is fairly abstract. It has much in common with Taoism and some forms of Buddhism. The best way I can explain my personal god-idea is by the terms "all-that-is", "the ground of Being" or “the ocean of the Absolute from which all else arises”. It’s also a strongly pantheistic feeling – I feel the sacred in each thing as well as in the connections between them and the totality they are a part of.

One of my favourite quotes is, “A single connection is the quantum unit of the sacred.”
MysticismAs I've softened my learned resistance to spiritual ideas and explored various ways of expressing my sense of the sacred I've discovered a hidden well-spring in the mystical cores of many religions.

Mystical experiences involve a direct personal experience of the sacred rather than an indirect doctrinal experience mediated by a priest or shaman. The experience is usually couched in whatever inner language the mystic has at the time. In the case of Christian or Sufi mystics their inner language includes the concepts of God they learned in their religious training, so their experiences are expressed in that language. For Buddhists, Taoists or other non-theistic practitioners their mystical experiences are less likely to include God-imagery and are more likely to be expressed in terms of the Absolute, the ground of Being, all-that-is, etc.

I was brought up in a rationalist, scientific, materialist, atheist household, and my atheism has always involved the disbelief in the objective existence of deities. Because of that it’s not too surprising that my mystical experiences don’t include any classical god imagery. Instead they tend to be flavoured by quantum physics, depth psychology and Jungian archetypes. They also feature a strong sense of connecting with my True Self which I experience as a substantial Essence out of which my personality has developed. This sense of Essence leads me to a position that is quite Taoist – I feel that all expressions of Essence arise from the same ground of Being.

In some situations I may still call myself an atheist because in the way that most people understand the term (i.e. someone lacking belief in a deity) that's what I am. However to those who equate my sense of Essence with "God" I’m not an atheist at all. Since I fall more into the latter camp these days I tend not to use the term "atheist" unless I’m speaking specifically about objectified deities.

I consider myself a mystic.
The Experience of EssenceThe experience of Essence is at the heart of my spirituality.

Although it’s not material in any sense, Essence feels quite substantial whenever I contact it directly. However, it doesn’t usually manifest as an unchanging, all-inclusive substance. Instead, Essence seems to have various aspects, each expressing a different essential quality, which I usually experience independently. For example, I often experience the Essential aspect of Love. My feeling that Essence is sacred helps me understand the true meaning of the shopworn phrase “God is Love". On the other hand, my Essence consists of many more aspects than just Love. There are also Essential aspects of Strength, Will, Compassion, and Joy, for example. I could equally understand someone saying that "God is" each of these.

Essence takes on different forms, textures and colours depending on the particular aspect that is visible. Sometimes it feels like a river of mercury, sometimes like a flood of molten gold, sometimes like a still deep black lake, sometimes like a ball of lead or iron, sometimes like a glowing emerald radiance, and sometimes like a pure, clear diamond rotating slowly within the infinite luminous dark space of my heart.

Each time I experience an aspect of Essence I feel a bedrock certainty about what it is and what it represents. I feel the connection it holds between my individual being and the Absolute because it is itself an expression of the Absolute. More than anything, I feel a sense of the sacred expressed in the particular quality of the Essence itself: Love, Joy, Strength, Will, Compassion, Peace, Value, Merging Unity – the sense of sacredness flows with all of them.

I see my True Self as a diamond composed of all of these Essential qualities, with each of the aspects a facet through which I view my reality at any moment. I consider this Essential "diamond" to be my soul. Is it eternal as souls are said to be? I strongly suspect that linear time is an illusion so the use of the word eternal in this context seems inaccurate. To me the diamond feels Absolute, so I guess that's close.
The Nature of RealityI was recently asked, “What do atheists think about the concept of an afterlife? Are the two compatible in any way?”

Although their descriptions vary all over the map virtually every religion has a concept of an afterlife in which some aspect of the personal continues to exist after the death of the body. Even some schools of Buddhism, which is generally considered an atheistic philosophy, believe in reincarnation.

When it comes to an afterlife I'm definitely agnostic in the epistemological sense. I think it's impossible for us to acquire objective knowledge of an afterlife in this reality.

However, it is possible that this reality contains unperceivable dimensions, and if other dimensions exist (whatever that means) then it’s likewise possible that some aspect of me exists in them too. Going further, nothing precludes the possibility that elements of me that are expressed in those other dimensions are outside of the effects of linear time as we experience it. So I think it's at least possible that some facets of me could exist outside of time and could therefore be understood as living "before" or "after" my physical existence here.

This perhaps needs a bit of explanation. My acceptance of these possibilities is founded on the scientific speculations of string theory and the musings of a literary character called Seth.

According to current string theory the universe may consist of as many as 11 dimensions. Since we can perceive only four dimensions there are potentially seven others we can't enter or even describe. However, the implication is obvious. If most of the dimensions that I exist in are inaccessible anything at all might be going on with me in those dimensions. This opens the door for a whole lot of speculation, both scientific and philosophical. I let the theoretical physicists and cosmologists worry about the first, but I happily avail myself of the latter.

Then there's Seth. In the early 1970s I was introduced to the series of books by Jane Roberts in which she channeled the thoughts of an entity named Seth. "Seth" described a structure of reality that really resonated for me. Here's a quote:


"The self that you know is but one fragment of your entire identity. These fragment selves are not strung together, however, like beads on a string. They are more like the various skins of an onion, or segments of an orange, all connected through one vitality and growing out into various realities while springing from the same source."

Seth’s basic idea is similar to aspects of string theory: the reality in which we operate is just a small fragment of a much larger, more complex and deeply interconnected reality. Likewise, the self that we take ourselves to be, our individual personalities, are simply small fragments of much larger, more complex personalities. Here’s where Seth’s ideas depart from string theory and explore less substantial realms: his explanation is that we choose to enter and co-create this reality for the express purpose of having experiences that are absorbed by our larger personalities. I’ll talk more about that idea in a minute.

These ideas also have something in common with quantum physicist David Bohm’s concepts of implicate and explicate order:


“In the enfolded [or implicate] order, space and time are no longer the dominant factors determining the relationships of dependence or independence of different elements. Rather, an entirely different sort of basic connection of elements is possible, from which our ordinary notions of space and time, along with those of separately existent material particles, are abstracted as forms derived from the deeper order. These ordinary notions in fact appear in what is called the "explicate" or "unfolded" order, which is a special and distinguished form contained within the general totality of all the implicate orders”.

So that's a somewhat cool “New Age” mashup, which to a materialist of course doesn't amount to anything but a steaming heap of woo. What does it have to do with the price of tea in China? Why would these possibilities matter in any way to my life in this four-dimensional universe?

Well, I've discovered that I'm a meaning-seeking creature. My life is richer if I believe there is a purpose to my experiences. The purpose can be in the here and now but it can also be abstract enough to encompass almost anything I can imagine about myself or the universe.

One belief that makes a big difference to the way I live is that my experiences in this life constitute a kind of "Earth School" (an idea I first heard about in the Seth writings). According to this perspective my purpose here is to experience, to learn and to grow as a person, with the goal that all these experiences and learning will contribute to the growth of something larger than the "me" that sits typing these words. That could be humanity as a whole, the noosphere, some ineffable, multidimensional self that “I” am a part of, or the Essential core of my own true self.

The nice thing is that it makes no difference if such larger expressions of "me" objectively exist or not because conscious learning and personal growth have enormous intrinsic rewards in this life too. I use the possibility that I may be a part of something larger than myself as one additional motivation to help me persevere when the work of continuing growth gets difficult. If I’m doing this work on behalf of something larger than myself and since I know my time here is limited, I'd better make the most of my opportunities.

I find that this idea drives my behaviour in some very interesting ways. It supports my learning and personal growth, helps me open up to new experiences, promotes compassion, forgiveness and altruism, makes me eager to explore ideas and situations below their superficial appearances and makes me very interested in learning how to live without reactivity.

Not bad for a steaming heap of woo.
ReactivityOne phrase in that previous paragraph may be unfamiliar to you: “to live without reactivity”. What is that all about and why is it important? I’m glad you asked, because that is one of the keys to the new kingdom I’m exploring these days.

I find that when people do or say particular things to me I often react with an unexpected anger, fear or shame that is out of proportion to what they actually did or said. Being reactive like this is also called being triggered – another person says or does something and I experience a spontaneous, uncontrollable emotional reaction that colours and distorts my perception of what’s happening as well as my subsequent behaviour. This usually happens when the action or words in question touch one of my primal wounds (a residual hurt from an incident in early childhood) or activates my superego that then judges me harshly.

For example, I might do a household chore improperly, causing my partner to say, "How many times do I have to tell you how to do something so simple?" If I'm reactive I may be flooded with feelings of shame and incompetence, and my inner critic (the superego) might start to beat me up mercilessly. The pain of my reaction might also cause me to defend against the criticism by attacking her and thereby escalate the situation.

Lessening my reactivity involves finding ways to bring my own emotional state back into balance. It starts with learning to recognize when other peoples' words or actions, even if they involve me, are their stuff and not mine. Not everything others say or do is actually about me. If I can truly see that, then I don't have such strong emotional reactions to those things.
Lessening reactivity has another component, though, that is about me. It involves finding out what aspect or quirk or disturbance in my personality is causing me to react so strongly. That aspect is where the trigger lies. If I can discover what that neurotic disturbance is and where it comes from there is a chance I won’t pull the trigger so reflexively, blowing my own head off in the process.

The technique I use is called inquiry and has a long tradition in various schools of inner work. Whenever I feel a strong emotion, instead of trying to block it or defend against it I accept it and inquire about it: where it came from, why it's so strong, what other times in my life I've had this same feeling. By doing this I might uncover a memory of a painful childhood incident that left me feeling incompetent; one that left me with a residual feeling of shame or guilt and helped to create the inner voice that now judges me so harshly. I can then recognize that incidents that are similar to that primal one will cause similar reactions in me. By exploring that earlier situation and bringing it fully into my consciousness I can integrate the event into my awareness, heal the wound and drain the emotional charge that's connected with it.

If I have done all that, then when my partner says, "How many times do I have to tell you how to do something so simple?" I can recognize that she has touched my wound, be aware that there's nothing intrinsically shameful about doing a household task improperly, and not get all bent out of shape by the criticism. I won't worry about defending myself or attacking back because my self-image is no longer threatened by the criticism.

At the same time I can recognize that my action (the badly done chore) may have triggered a childhood wound of her own that she wasn't conscious of, causing her over-reaction. That awareness helps defuse my own reactivity and also develops my sense of compassion because it's yet another affirmation that we are all human. And it will of course prompt me to do the chore properly the next time and avoid all the sturm und drang from the outset.
Psychological Work as Spiritual WorkThat raises the question of why this work is important for spiritual development. It’s obviously a useful tool for becoming a better person but how does this fit in with spirituality?

The answer to that question eluded me during the first couple of years of my work. I had to be satisfied that my trusted teacher said the two approaches of depth psychology and spirituality were inseparably linked. The psychological work did seem to make me more feel open and less resistant, and seemed to contribute to my ability to have mystical experiences and enter ecstatic states. That was all well and good but I really hate loose ends like that unanswered question – especially when they’re about me.

I finally discovered the answer when I began to read the books written by a Kuwaiti teacher named Hameed Ali (written under his pen name A. H. Almaas) in which he describes what he calls The Diamond Approach. This approach is the underpinning of my own teacher’s work. I had been experiencing the fruits of it under his guidance for the previous two years.

Reading Almaas caused a door to open in my mind (I’m a somewhat intellect-centered mystic…) I finally understood that the sense of the sacred I feel so strongly, the seat of my own divinity, is in that “diamond” of Essence that forms my core and embeds me within this reality.

The Diamond Approach is based on the understanding that Essence is a tangible presence within us that is the ground of our Being. The approach draws on object relations theory and ego psychology to describe how our view of Essence is lost as our personality forms early in life, how we can regain contact with it, and what that reconnection means to our development as fully realized human beings. Almaas’ writings finally gave me an intellectual framework to help me organize and understand the experiences I’d been having for the previous two years.

As the intellectual picture clarified, however, something far more profound began to happen. I went looking within myself for the Essence I was reading about. Suddenly it was there, appearing in my field of inner awareness as solid as rock. I realized I’d perceived it all along but because I didn’t have the necessary language I couldn’t recognize it for what it was.

As I taste the presence of Essence in my daily life I notice that some things obscure it just as clouds obscure an ever-present sun. Strong feelings and reactions can easily distort my perception of what is going on around and inside me. When this happens storm clouds of reactivity close off my view of Essence. I notice that this happens instantly when I am triggered – when defensive parts of my personality rise up to do battle with the paper tigers of fear and shame left over from my early childhood. Not only does my superego keep me from feeling good about myself, it even blocks my awareness of my own divinity.

By learning to live without reactivity I can keep the clouds from rolling in as often. This lets me live with my Essence in full view more of the time. I can spend more time connected to my Source, in the presence of the Absolute. This is the thing I yearn for most deeply.

At the same time the spiritual role of the deep inquiry that is a main tool of The Diamond Approach is suddenly clear to me. If I can recognize those paper tigers and observe my superego at work I have a chance. The chance is to find and explore the “holes” in my Self that were created by those wounding events early in my life that were then covered over by elements of my newly developing ego-personality.

These pieces of personality mimic in a distorted way the quality of Essence that was obscured as the hole was formed. If I take the chance, recognize the signs and observe the piece of my personality at work I may be able to enter the hole that it is filling. At the bottom of that hole, guarded by nothing but ferocious-looking paper tigers, is my lost Essence. Each time I regain contact with another aspect of my Essence I reclaim a little more of my own divinity.

As I continue my work I find that the freedom and clarity it gives me allows me to come into more and more intimate contact with that sense of the sacred. As Essence becomes more real to me and my awareness of my own natural rightness becomes stronger, the Essential truth of my place in the universe connects me to all that is.

And that is the most spiritual work I can imagine.

Bodhisantra
January 1, 2010

2022/08/25

Spiritual Care in an Age of #BlackLivesMatter by Chanequa Walker-Barnes, Lee H. Butler JR. - Ebook | Scribd

Spiritual Care in an Age of #BlackLivesMatter by Chanequa Walker-Barnes, Lee H. Butler JR. - Ebook | Scribd
Spiritual Care in an Age of #BlackLivesMatter: Examining the Spiritual and Prophetic Needs of African Americans in a Violent America

Spiritual Care in an Age of #BlackLivesMatter: Examining the Spiritual and Prophetic Needs of African Americans in a Violent America

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Description

Wednesday, November 9, 2016 is the day that changed America. A Republican business mogul and reality television host who once proclaimed that if women didn't accept the intimate advancements of men, then men were could simply grab these women by a particularly sensitive extremity below their stomachs, snatched the electoral collegiate vote and since then has worked tirelessly on reversing President Barack Obama's progressive policies and pushing immigration legislation backwards.

This vital resource guide incorporates the basic understandings of spiritual care with the current social, emotional, existential and spiritual needs of African Americans simply surviving in Trump's violent America. It's one-of-a-kind, offering specific spiritual care strategies and interventions for African Americans dealing with particular physical, social and emotional health challenges in the midst of rising statistics of racism, sexism, classism, and homophobia leading to violence in the United States.

Intended for anyone in academia or the helping professions, this comprehensive work benefits those seeking to provide spiritual care to African American hospital patients, counseling clients, church congregants and parishioners, military veterans, or returning service members. The contributors to this anthology are experts in their respective fields who offer a new, refreshing, and energizing perspective on important issues impacting African Americans.

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