2023/08/16

일본의 유교 - Wikipedia

일본의 유교 - Wikipedia


일본 유교

출처 : 무료 백과 사전 "Wikipedia (Wikipedia)"

일본의 유교 (니혼노쥬쿄)에서는, 일본 에 있어서의 유교 에 대해 개설한다.

개요 편집 ]

유교 는,의 행위에 따라 문왕 무왕 의 법령을 신봉하고 공자  존중하며 그의 말을 중시하고 [ 1 ] 여름 ·  · 주삼 대의 예제를 답습하고 있는 사상체계로 기원전 중국  흥미.

일본에서는 유교는 학문(유학 ) 으로 받아들여지고 국가통치의 경세제 민사상이나 제왕 학적인 수용을 받았기 때문에 신도 , 불교 에 비해 종교 로 의식되는 것은 적다. 또한 중국에서는 유교는 '명교', '예교', '공교', '공자교'라는 호칭이 있어 종교로 인지되는 경우가 많다.

역사(~중세) 편집 ]

일본으로의 전래 편집 ]

일본 에 유교가 전해진 것은 불교 보다 빠르고, 계체천황 의 시대인 513년 , 백제 보다 오경박사가 도일한 이후이다. 게다가 이 이전에도, 왕인 이 『논어』를 가지고 도래했다는 전승이 『고사기』 등에 있어, 대체로 5세기 무렵에는 전래하고 있던 것으로 생각되고 있다. 유교의 사상은 다신교 를 봉사하는 신도 와 상담하기 쉬웠다고 생각되고 요출전 ] 유교보다 더 이전(4세기 무렵이라고 함)에 들어온 도교 , 유교와 동시기에 들어간 음양오행 사상을 아울러, 그때까지의 주술 적인 측면에 과학 적인 논거를 주어 후의 음양도 로 이어지는 소지가 태어났다. 요출전 ]

아스카 시대 - 헤이안 시대 편집 ]

아스카 시대 에는 불교의 보급에 열심이었던 소가씨의 대두 도 있어 아스카쿄를 중심으로 불교 유구가 많이 건조되었다. 하지만, 오토 미 의 변 이후의 황실 , 특히 사이메이 천황은 유교에 깊게 귀의했다고 생각되어 망부인 포메이 천황의 능을 팔각분으로 하거나 타부미네에 둔 양 쓰츠 미야 와  관련 유구 (  선석 ) 유적 , 아스카 수락 유적 , 광심의 渠등)에는 유교와 음양도의 영향이 강하게 나타난다.

그 후의 헤이안 시대 초기에는 천무 천황 이 발포한 율령제 에도 유교의 영향을 볼 수 있고, 유교의 사상은 관양 양성에 응용되고, 또한 국가에서 연구를 실시하는 학문으로서 식부성의 피관  대학 기숙사 에서 명경도로 교수되었다. 그러나 일본에서는 과거 제도가 도입되지 않았기 때문인지 유교 본래의 가치가 정착하지 않고, 학문의 주체는, 실학적인 문장도와, 도경색이 강한 음양도로 옮겼다 . 이윽고 신불습합이 진행되어 구제에 더해 진수의 의미도 획득한 불교가 융성되어 공해의 '삼교지귀'에 의한 도교비판 등도 있어 쇠퇴 해 갔다 .

다만, 귀족 사회에 있어서 유교가 전혀 폐해진 것은 아니고, 「논어」에 대해서는, 전경 3년(879년) 8월에 양성 천황이 스스로 강의를 실시한 것이 「일본 3대 실록」으로 보이고 , 후지와라 요시히로 장의 일기 「대기」에 자주 기술이 등장하는 등, 교양으로서 널리 읽혀진 것을 알 수 있다 [2] .

가마쿠라 시대 - 아즈치 모모야마 시대 편집 ]

남송 의 주희 에 의해 시작된 주자학 은 일본에서는 송학이라 불리며, 일본에는 1199년 ( 정치 원년)에 입송한 슌슈가 유교의 전적 250권을 가져온 것이 시작된다. 이후, 도송한 엔센벤엔 이나 나카미엔 엔월들의 선승이나 원래 의 침공을 피해, 남송 으로부터 건너 온 지식인에 의해 전파되어 1299년 ( 정안 원년), 원래 보다 일본에 온 일산 일령이 가져온 주석에 의해 학리가 완성되었다고 한다. 14세기 에 들어서 드러난 천대 종의 승현혜 는 주자학에 통하여, 후전추천황의 측근으로 봉사했다고도 한다.

남북조 시대 부터 무로마치 시대 에 걸쳐서는 ​​교토 고산 이나 가마쿠라 고산 등 주로 임제종 의 선종 사원 에서 유학이 연구되었다. 또, 15세기 전반, 우에스기 헌실 에 의해 재흥된 시모노국 의 아시카가 학교 에서도 유학의 강의가 행해졌다.

15세기 후반의 응인·문명의 난에 의해 교토 가 황폐했기 때문에, 공 가나 승려 등의 문화인은 지방으로 내려, 각지의 다이묘나 유력 무사 를 따게 되었기 때문에, 유학자도 지방에 확산했다. 계암현수 는 주방 의 오우치씨 와 히고 의 기쿠치씨 , 사쓰마 의 시마즈씨 등에 유학을 강구해, 사츠나미학파 의 기초를 방해했다. 토사의 미나미무라 우메켄 은 주자학을 강구해 남학 (海南学派)을 열었다. 남학은 근세 이후 교토를 중심으로 한 경학과 함께 유학의 일학파를 형성했다.

역사(근세) 편집 ]

에도시대 편집 ]

대성전(공자묘)(2010년 2월 3일 촬영)
오츠카 선교묘소 (도쿄도 분쿄구). 유장 전용 묘지.
무로하토소의 유식묘(오츠카 선유묘소 내)

에도시대가 되면, 그때까지의 불교 의 스님들이 배우는 흔들림으로서의 유교로부터 독립시켜, 하나의 학문으로서 형성하는 움직임이 나타났다(유불 분리 ) . 중국과 조선에서 주자학과 양명학 이 정좌( 좌선  의 행법을 없앤 순수한 학문으로 전래했으며, 특히 주자학은 막부에 의해 봉건 지배를 위한 사상으로 채용되었다. 조선 강간 의 영향을 받은 후지와라 히와와 의 제자인 임라산이 도쿠가와 이에야스  섬기고 이후 임가가 대학 머리 에 맡겨 막부 문교정책을 통제했다.

제5대 장군 도쿠가와 츠나요시 는 막부의 문치 정치로 의 전환에 있어서 유학을 중요시하고, 하야시호오카를 종종 부르고는 경서의 토론을 실시해, 또 4서나 이경을 막신에게 강의한 것 외에 , 1690  ( 원록 3년), 공자묘를 유 시마 에 건립해( 유시마성당 ), 거기서, 임가의 사학원으로서 「학문소」가 개강되어 주자학이 교수되게 되었다.

도쿠가와 요시무네 는 개념적인 주자학을 멀리하는 경향이 있으며, 또한 임가 당주가 연속적으로 젊어 죽는 등 한때 주자학은 침체하지만 마츠다이라 정신이 노중이 되면 저하된 막부  지도력 를 되찾기 위해 유학 가운데 농업과 상하의 질서를 중시한 주자학을 정학 으로 부흥 시켜 것”으로서 임가의 문인이 배우는 것을 금지하는 등 규제를 도모했다( 관정이학의 금 ). 1797년 (관정 9년)까지는 '학문소'를 임가에서 분리하여 '성당 학규'나 직제 제정 등 제도상의 정비를 진행시켜 막부의 직할 기관으로 삼았다. 이것이 막부교학기관으로서 창평사카학문소의 성립이다. 하야시 술사는 입양자로 하야시가에 들어가 시바노 구리야마 · 고가 정리 · 오토 니스 관정의 세 박사 ) 등과 함께 유학의 교학의 쇄신에도 힘을 다해 하야시가 중흥의 조라고 불렸다.

다음은 임가 학파의 주요 사제 관계를 보여준다(굵은 글씨는 임가 당주, 첨자는 대수).

임라산 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
林鵞峰2야마가 소행
 
 
 
 
하야시 봉오카 3
 
고학 (성학)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
하야시 사카오카 4이노우에 란다이아키야마 타마야마오카시마 관산쿠로사와 카즈오카마쓰다이라
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
하야시 봉곡 5이노우에 카네시부이 타이무로
 
 
 
 
절충학하야시 술사 8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
임단우 9토리이 요조하야시 복사 11사토 이치사키安積苮斎마쓰자키 케이도
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
임학사이 12사쿠마 상산야마다 카타야시오야 히로네야스이 숨결

주자학은 막정 및 거기에 속하는 여러 번에서 입신출세가 되었고, 임가의 다른 학파도 성장했다. 특히 키노시타 준 안문 아래에는 아라이 시라이시 , 무로하토 스미 , 아마모리 요시오 , 기온 난카이 등 많은 인재를 배출했다. 장군 사무라이 강의 오쿠 유자 의 지위는 에도 후기까지 거의 하야시가가 독점했지만, 도쿠가와 요시무네의 통치에서는 예외적으로 무로하토소가 1725년부터 1734 년 까지 오쿠 유자를 맡아, 오기 소우의 문인인 나리시마 노부 미遍역시 오 유자가 되고 있다. 그 후, 나리시마가의 사직이 막부의 정사 『고실기』(『도쿠가와 실기』) 편찬 등의 공적으로부터 문정 연간(1818-1831  )에 오우자에게 임명된 것을 시작으로, 동가계로부터 양자 나리 시마 쓰쿠야마 와 요우손 나리시마 야나 기타 도 오쿠야가 되었다.

막부나 여러 번에서는 관학으로서 주자학이 중심이었지만, 일본에서는 중국 본토나 조선과 달리 과거가 채용되지 않았기 때문에 중국 본토나 조선에서는 순차적으로 쇠퇴해간 양명학이 명맥 을 유지할 것 되었다. 대표적 학파로서 나카에토키가 일가를 짓고 그 제자인 구 마자와 소야마가 오카야마  에 집정하는 등 각지에 영향을 남겼다. 이른바 오미 상법 에 그 영향을 보는 사람도 있다. 또, 1724년 ( 우호 9년)에는, 오사카의 호상들은 공동으로 학문소  카이토 쿠도」를 설립해, 초대의 학주로서 미야케 석암이 맞이해, 주자학에 혼교한 양명학을 가르쳐 했다. 나중에 이 계열에서 나카이 타케야마 , 나카이 이겐 , 토미나가 나카기 야마가타부모모 , 사토 카즈사키 등이 배출된다. 이와 같이 주자학에 더해 양명학이 지보를 굳히는 가운데, 「전습록」등을 통해, 막부 말기에서의 유신 사상을 비롯한 각종의 운동(오오시오 헤이하치로, 요시다 마츠 다카스기 신사쿠 , 사이고 타카모리 , 카와이 가즈유스케 , 사쿠마 상산 , 야마다 카타야 등)에 영향을 미쳤다. 양명학 연구는 에도기를 통해 진행되어 중국 본토에서의 청말에 있어서의 양명학 재평가시에는 거의 잊혀진 양명학 좌파 이탁고의 '焚書'나 '장서'가 역수출될 정도였다 .

그 밖에 유교와 불교가 분리되는 한편, 야마자키 암사 이에 의해 신유 일치가 주창되고, 수가신도 등의 유교신도가 태어났다. 주자학을 비판적으로 섭취하는 패원익처 등도 나타났다. 일본 유교의 큰 특색으로서 주자학이나 양명학 등의 후세의 해석에 관계없이 논어 등의 경전을 직접 실증적으로 연구하는 성학(고학), 고 의학 , 고문 사학  의 고학 이 , 각각 야마가 소행 , 이토 히사사키 , 오기 소우 에 의해 시작되었다.

특히 야마가 소행은 주자학 을 비판하고 막부에서 처벌됐다. 그는 고학 이라는 독자적인 학문체계를 확립하고 관문 5년(1665년) 천지로 이루어진 자연은 인간의 의식과는 독립적인 존재이며 일정한 법칙성으로 자기운동하고 있다고 생각했다. . 이 생각은, 문인에 의해 정리되어 야마가류 로서 계승된다. 다만, 소행이 주창한 '사도'는 '말하더라도 개조할 수 없는 주군이라면 신으로부터 떠나야 한다' [3] 등 '두 군을 섬기지 않고'라는 종래의 무사도의 대극  있어 주석 1 이것이 중조 中華) 이다 .

에도시대 중기에 쓰여진 하가키 에서는 당시 주류가 되고 있던 유학적 무사도를 '상 방풍 이 붙은 무사도'라고 비판하고 있어 번내에서도 금서 취급을 받았다. 이 시대에는 일정한 비판도 있었지만, 안정기가 오랫동안 계속되면 봉건사회를 지지하는 유교적 사상이 정착했고, 막말 말에는 병학이나 무사도의 실용성이 상실되었다.

에도시대를 통해 무가층을 중심으로 유교는 일본에 정착해 미토학 등에도 영향을 받았고, 이윽고 존왕 추이 사상에 연결되어 메이지 유신에 대한 원동력의 하나가 되었다. 한편 일반 민중에서는 이시다 우메이와 의 석문심학 등 약간의 예외를 제외하고 학문으로서의 유교사상은 거의 보급되지 않았다.

유학의 체계화와 입신출세라는 실익에 의해 무가층에 침투한 결과, 유사하게 대비해 기술을 계승할 필요성으로부터 마찬가지로 체계화되어 갔던 병학에도 영향을 주었다 . 그때까지의 병학은 실전에서의 경험을 바탕으로, 작전 부대의 운용이나 편제 등 현실적인 내용이 중심이었지만, 에도 시대 이후는 유학의 영향을 받아 윤리적인 측면이 강조되게 되었다 했다. 또 생존술과 처세술적인 의미였던 무사도도 주군에 대한 충의 등 막번체제를 지지하는 사상과 윤리를 전수하는 학문으로 변화했다.

역사(근대) 편집 ]

메이지 시대가 되면, 유교적 합리주의의 영향을 받아 에도시대부터 일부 행해져 온 신불 분리 운동이 격화되어, 폐불 훼석이 행해졌다 [ 5 ] .

1885년 에 유럽주의자 당시 문 부경모리 유례에 의해 유교적인 도덕교육을 규제하는 명령이 내려졌지만, 1889년에 암살되었기 때문에 다시 교육의 유교성이 강해졌다[6 ] . 모토다 에이즈카 등 궁중의 보수적인 한학자의 영향에 의해, 1890년 제정의 교육 칙어 등에 유교의 충효 사상이 도입되어 장려되었다. 이노우에 테츠지 로는 에도시대의 유학을 다룬 3부작 '일본 양명학파[고학파, 주자학파]노철학'을 저술해, 이 분야에 있어서의 연구를 개척했다.

『논어』의 한절이나 주자학의 가르침이 인용되는 것은 많아 도덕과 윤리의 고전으로 받아들여졌다. 특히 『논어』는 현대에 이르기까지 일본어 번역이나 해설서가 다수 간행되고 있다.

시부자와 에이이치 는 『논어와 산반』을 저술하고 『논어』를 거처에 윤리와 이익의 양립을 내건 ‘도덕경제합일설’이라는 이념을 내세워 근대경제와 유교사상의 융합을 도모했지만 널리 보급 하지 않았다. 또, 전전 전후의 일본의 정재계에 은연한 영향을 준 야스오카 마사아츠는, 정통한 유교 사상의 후계라고는 말할 수 없지만, 공적으로는 양명 학자라고 칭했다.

한편 ' 실학' 의 중시를 주장하는 후쿠자와 유키치 는 유교를 망설로 삼아 엄격히 비판했다. 또 쓰다 좌우길은 '시나 사상과 일본', '문학에 나타난 우리 국민사상의 연구' 등으로 유교 등 중국의 영향을 배제한 문화사를 그리려 했다.

역사(현대) 편집 ]

패전 후, 교육 칙어 , 군인 칙사 , 전진훈 등은 철폐되었다 [7] . 웨버 나 마르크스 의 연구가 활발해지면 「아시아적 정체성」을 낳은 존재로서의 평가가 되게 되어, 역사 교과서 등에서도 이러한 평가가 정착하고 있다[8][ ] . 와쓰지 테츠로 는 패전에 이른 일본의 정체의 원인을 임라산 의 유교 정책과 쇄국 정책에 요구했다 [10] [11] .

유교를 종교로 파악하는 연구자는 소수파이지만, 학술 연구에서 유교의 본질을 종교로 파악할 수 있는 길을 열었던 것은 야마시타 류지·가지 신행 이다 [ 12 ] . 야마시타는 천지귀신이나 조상에게의 제사를 유교의 중심에 두고, 카지는 종교를 죽음을 말하는 것으로 정의해 조상숭배를 유교의 본질로 하고 있다. 다만, 이러한 유교에 대한 해석에 대해서는 이케다 히데조 등으로부터 비판이 전해지고 있다.

전후의 유교운동으로서는 신좌익 에서 보수파로 전향하여「봉건주의자」를 칭한 오지영이 있지만 , 보수파 사이에서도 「일본이 유교국가가 아니다」라며 그 점을 평가하는 논객도 감금소( 켄트 길버트 등), 평가는 반드시 일정하지는 않다.

현대 문화인류 학자 호프스테드 (헤르트호프스테드, 네덜란드인) 등에 의한 실증적 연구 등에서는 동아시아의 유교문화권이 국제 비교상 동종 문화권 으로 인식 된다 .

일본 유학자 목록 편집 ]

고대·중세
근세
주자학
사나미학교 (주자학의 일파)
도사 주자학( 남학 )
미토학 (주자학의 일파)
양명학
고학 (성학)
고의학
고문사학
고주학
절충학
고증학
근현대

유교를 종교로 믿지 않고 유교를 연구하는 학자는, 「유학자  라고 말하지 않고, 「유교 연구자」라고 불러야 한다고 하는 견해도 있다 요출전 ] . 다만 교토대학 교수의 요시카와 코지로 와 평론가 오지에 이는 스스로를 유자라고 주장하고 유교의 입장에서 다양한 입론을 하고 있다.

관련 항목 편집 ]

공자묘는 각국에 존재하지만 일본에서도 에도시대에 막부가 유교(유교 중에서도 특히 주자학)를 학문의 중심으로 자리매김했기 때문에 유교(주자학)를 강의한 막부나 각번의 학교 에서는 공자 을 모시는 묘가 지어져 숭경되었다.

각주 편집 ]

주석 편집 ]

  1. ^ 야마가 소행은 “자신이 소속하는 공동체에 대한 윤리(주가에 대한 충의 등)와 하늘에서 받은 윤리(천륜)가 충돌할 경우 무사는 천륜을 선택해야 한다”고 생각 했다 .
  2. ^ 시라시마 연고 저택(뒤의 「수도관」)을 옹호하는 히로시마 번 아사노야는 소행이 비판한 주자학을 번학으로 했다. (주자학 이외의 소행의 고학등의 교수는 학문소에의 출입이 금지되었다.)
  3.  소행의 후손은 히로사키 번 과 히라도 번을 섬겼다. 쓰가루가와 마쓰우라가는 근현대에 천황가 의 친족이 된다(정인친왕비화자와 나카야마 1위국 경자).

출처 편집 ]

  1. ^ 반고, 전한, 『한서·예문지』
  2.  고카츠 타카이치 '중국 중고 학술과 사회'호리칸, 2021, P152-153.
  3.  『야마가 어록』권 21일 「사도」
  4.  『중조사실』 관문 9년(1669년)
  5. 가시와라와 메이지 유신 7 | 오사카 부 가시와라시
  6. 히로시마 류타로 「모리 유례의 도덕관 : 문상기의 덕육 정책면 에서 1346-664X , NAID 120006771926 . 
  7. 아라카와 紘 「교육 기본법과 유교 교육」 「동방 학지」 제39권 제1호, 아이치 동방 대학, 2010년 6월, 37-52페이지, ISSN 0287-4067 , NAID 110007603043 .  
  8. 주자학의 전통은 현대 사회의 위기를 구할 수 있습니다 | 허프 포스트 LIFE
  9. ^ 나가이 카즈「전후 마르크스주의의 아시아 인식
  10. ^ 와츠지 테츠로 「쇄국 일본의 비극
  11. ^ 와즈지 테츠로 묻힌 일본 ――키리시탄 도래 문화 전후에 있어서의 일본의 사상적 정황――
  12. ^ 야마시타는 「유교의 종교적 성격」(1968년, 「주자학과 반주자학」연문사, 1991년 소수)・「공자를 말한다」(「NHK 마음을 요한다」텍스트, 1993년)로, 카지는 『공자-시를 넘어 새롭게』(1984년, ISBN 4081850011 )・『유교란 무엇인가』(중공신서, 1990년, ISBN 4121009894 )・『침묵의 종교-유교 』 그 지론을 전개하고 있다.

참고 문헌 편집 ]

The Top Five Regrets of the Dying: A Life Transformed by the Dearly Departing : Ware, Bronnie

The Top Five Regrets of the Dying: A Life Transformed by the Dearly Departing : Ware, Bronnie



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The Top Five Regrets of the Dying: A Life Transformed by the Dearly Departing Paperback – 6 August 2019
by Bronnie Ware (Author)
4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars 3,632 ratings
==

Revised edition of the best-selling memoir that has been read by over a million people worldwide with translations in 29 languages.

After too many years of unfulfilling work, Bronnie Ware began searching for a job with heart. Despite having no formal qualifications or previous experience in the field, she found herself working in palliative care. During the time she spent tending to those who were dying, Bronnie's life was transformed. Later, she wrote an Internet blog post, outlining the most common regrets that the people she had cared for had expressed. The post gained so much momentum that it was viewed by more than three million readers worldwide in its first year. At the request of many, Bronnie subsequently wrote a book, 
The Top Five Regrets of the Dying, to share her story.

Bronnie has had a colourful and diverse life. By applying the lessons of those nearing their death to her own life, she developed an understanding that it is possible for everyone, if we make the right choices, to die with peace of mind.

In this revised edition of the best-selling memoir that has been read by over a million people worldwide, with translations in 29 languages, Bronnie expresses how significant these regrets are and how we can positively address these issues while we still have the time. The Top Five Regrets of the Dying gives hope for a better world. It is a courageous, life-changing book that will leave you feeling more compassionate and inspired to live the life you are truly here to live.
===
Print length

320 pages
Review
"This book had a profound effect on my life."
- DR. WAYNE W. DYER

'Bronnie's work is a gift to the world. Her revelations on living regret-free are a continued source of inspiration. They fuel me to stay focused on what truly matters most.'
- Marie Forleo, creator of MarieTV and author of Everything Is Figureoutable
Book Description
Revised edition of the best-selling memoir that has been read by over a million people worldwide with translations in 29 languages.

About the Author
Bronnie Ware an author, an inspirational speaker, songwriter and mama to her daughter, Elena. Bronnie lives in northern New South Wales, Australia. Her favourite role is as a mother. Her favourite teacher is nature. Bronnie is also a teacher of courage and a great advocate for leaving space to breathe. To learn more about Bronnie, regret-free living, and to join her online family through her mailing list, visit- www.bronnieware.com

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Hay House (6 August 2019)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 320 pages
4.3 4.3 out of 5 stars 3,632 ratings


Bronnie Ware



Bronnie Ware is the author of the internationally bestselling memoir The Top Five Regrets of the Dying, published in 32 languages, with a movie in the pipeline. She has published three non-fiction books that have inspired thousands around the globe and is currently working on some inspiring fictional works.

She is a TEDx speaker and has been interviewed by Wall St Journal, ABC Radio National, Marie Forleo, The Guardian, Dr Wayne Dyer, The Sunday Times, Lewis Howes, Harvard Business Review, and hundreds of publications worldwide.

Bronnie lives in rural Australia and is a respected teacher of courage on the global stage. She is also a passionate advocate for simplicity and leaving space to breathe, drawing on courage to follow the heart and allowing life to provide the shortcuts.

To find out more about Bronnie’s books and teachings, visit bronnieware.com








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Top reviews from Australia


Anthony

5.0 out of 5 stars One of the best reads EVERReviewed in Australia on 26 July 2023
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This was truly a life changing read. By far one of the best books I have ever picked up. Sure a couple of the things in the book were obvious or things I had heard before, but I appreciated the different perspectives and the detail provided in those instances. There were so many good points and lessons throughout the whole book, not only from those passing, but also from the authors own life experiences and struggles. This made it even easier to understand the concepts and begin to relate one's own life to some of these frameworks. I also really loved how easy this was to read, the authors style of writing seemed very honest and easy to understand. I'm going to be encouraging the people I love to read this book. I will also be checking out the authors other books. Thank you so much for touching and changing my life Bronnie.



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KJ

5.0 out of 5 stars Wonderful book.Reviewed in Australia on 8 March 2023
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I would highly recommend this book to anyone. Since I read it I have brought extra copies to give as gifts.



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Candice Seretin

5.0 out of 5 stars Thought provokingReviewed in Australia on 30 November 2021
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I loved the stories and experiences with each person and the love she shared with each person on their deathbed.It was thought provoking and lots of tears were shed and moments of laughter while reading this book. Thank you for a great story.



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Anup

5.0 out of 5 stars Wonderful bookReviewed in Australia on 2 July 2022
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Meaningful and real life examples



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Jess

4.0 out of 5 stars Good in theoryReviewed in Australia on 4 September 2018
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I love parts of the book and other parts I think don’t really need to be there.
The lessons are great. Could be shortened and made more punchy. The writers style is a bit slower and more descriptive especially towards the end.
Enjoyable and good lessons but can be a little slow with some repetitive bits. X



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Fluffynymph

2.0 out of 5 stars Misleading title.Reviewed in Australia on 1 February 2021
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This book does not have the dying as its main topic. 
It is an autobiography where the author is using thoughts of her dying clients as framework. Unfortunately the emphasis is on what a nice kind person she is. In the second half I skipped the parts about her own life, as it was the dying I was interested in. I am terminal myself, and there’s very little written about it. I was hoping to learn something about dying.

8 people found this helpful


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Amazon Customer

5.0 out of 5 stars The subject matter is really interesting - the skill to listen and the gift to allow one to be heard never ceases to amaze. SheReviewed in Australia on 18 April 2016
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Bronnie writes with such freshness and honesty. She has an unassuming flair; no airs and graces; says it as she sees it, lived it. The subject matter is really interesting - the skill to listen and the gift to allow one to be heard never ceases to amaze. She does it effortlessly and with compassion, care and with a sense of astonishing empathy. The book is very hard not to like. It's even harder not to like Bronnie.

One person found this helpful


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SA

5.0 out of 5 stars Beautiful bookReviewed in Australia on 23 November 2021
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Thoroughly enjoyed this and I dont read a lot!



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Top reviews from other countries

M Singaravel
5.0 out of 5 stars A must read!Reviewed in India on 9 June 2023
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If you do not wish to die with a regret as your last thought. please read this.
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Ayushi Srivastava
4.0 out of 5 stars LESSONSReviewed in India on 14 April 2023
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Motivational 👍🏻
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Biju Varghese
5.0 out of 5 stars Amazing bookReviewed in India on 1 May 2023
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An absolute one of a kind book of personal wisdom. Excellent narrative and great sharing of knowledge through personal experience. Highly recommended.
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Well wisher
5.0 out of 5 stars BookReviewed in India on 1 May 2023
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Great insights. Touches the soul
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RAJAN MALIK
5.0 out of 5 stars A must readReviewed in India on 24 March 2023
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A must read
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Eric Mayforth
5.0 out of 5 stars Live a Life That You Will Not Regret
Reviewed in the United States on 29 December 2019
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The end of a year is a common time to take stock—especially so this year as we embark on a new decade this Wednesday. Depending on your age, you have more or fewer opportunities to make changes and improvements at such a time. Australian author Bronnie Ware worked as a caregiver for the dying, and the people she cared for knew that there would be no new years or decades for them. They had to come to terms with what had happened in their lives that they wished hadn't, or what hadn't happened that they wished had. Ware shares their stories in "The Top Five Regrets of the Dying."

Ware realized that many of the same regrets came up over and over from those she cared for. They are:

* "I wish I'd had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the life others expected of me."
* "I wish I hadn't worked so hard."
* "I wish I'd had the courage to express my feelings."
* "I wish I'd stayed in touch with my friends."
* "I wish I'd let myself be happier."

The elderly that Ware cared for make many recommendations to the reader, including resolving family conflicts to the extent that is possible, taking care of your health so you can live life to the fullest, striking a balance where money and simplicity are concerned, looking at every day as a gift, maintaining a sense of self, and realizing that your life is your own and not someone else's. One affluent woman envied her daughter's having the courage to live the way she wanted to against the opinions of society. Another one of Ware's charges regretted being married to a controlling spouse and not traveling to other regions or countries.

The stories in "Top Five Regrets" are moving and the book is well worth reading. It implores the reader, especially young readers, to realize that what you think you will regret when you are young is not what you will eventually come to regret at some point on the road from 25 and 75 and to order your life so that your regrets are fewer when it comes time to die.
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Brad
3.0 out of 5 stars Mixed feelings
Reviewed in the United States on 7 December 2011
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I had high hopes for this book. The concept really appealed to me. Unfortunately though, I just didn't feel like the concept was very well executed. Don't get me wrong, there's some really great parts in it but I just feel like it fell short of my expectations. I just felt like there was WAY too much storytelling about the authors own personal life and not enough tales from the lives of those who were spending their last days on this earth. I would say it's about 75% about the author's life and 25% about the people who were about to pass on. The author's personal stories are usually tied into the lessons she learned from the dying patients she cared for, but still I wanted to hear more about the lives of the patients themselves.

The author's stories about herself are interesting. She obviously has lead a very free and interesting life, but constantly hearing about it loses it's appeal after a while. I was hoping to gain insight and wisdom from the people who were seeing life from their last days. I did get a portion of that, but not nearly as much as I had hoped. Strangely, a lot of the words of wisdom came from the author, which is fine I suppose, but that's not quite what I bought the book for.

Also, the end of the book got really self indulgent in my opinion. I was really feeling like giving the book 4 stars until I neared the end. There's a small portion in those last chapters that summarize her days and lessons learned with her patients, but the last 20% or so of the book is very long winded story telling of her own trials and tribulations through depression and her days as a songwriting instructor at a women's prison. I just didn't get what the point of all that content was. It didn't seem to tie in with the theme of the book at all. I kind of got the impression that the end was simply a need to fill pages to meet a quota by the way it rambled on and on. It really soured my opinion of the book as a whole.

At any rate, the book has high points and low points. It has 5 star rating material and 1 star rating material. I decided to split the difference and rank it as 3 stars overall. It's worth reading but I wouldn't recommend spending a lot of money on it. I'm glad I bought the $10 kindle version and not the $30 paper copy!
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Ronald K. Pendleton
5.0 out of 5 stars Living and Dying Without Regrets
Reviewed in the United States on 6 June 2012
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It has been some time since I have been moved to write a review, perhaps being too busy trying to clarify relationships I have had with others before my own passing, but Bronnie Ware's book "The Top Five Regrets of the Dying: A Life Transformed by the Dearly Departing" has moved me so deeply that I feel compelled to recommend it to everyone I know; family, friends, lovers and past lovers, even the students in the university courses I teach (my students are either already teachers or are preparing to become teachers). Unfortunately, circumstances prevent me from recommending it to the person I would most like to recommend it to. That person is Valery, with whom I spent ten beautiful and life affirming months during a period shortly after I had just been diagnosed with a stage four cancer. I was 68 years old at that time and Valery was the first person with whom I had ever been able to let down all of my defenses and truly open my heart. She, who was only 43 then, expressed the same feelings about me. We had never met before that time and although we lived over 3000 miles apart and only actually saw one another on six brief occasions during that time, we sent e-mail to each other every day (over 1500 e-mails filled with poetry, music and stories of things that were and things that might yet be) and we came to accept, believe in and love both ourselves and one another unconditionally. Through unfortunate circumstances we were torn apart and are now no longer even in contact with one another. For the past two and a half years, my path has been looking deeply into myself, my heart and soul, to see what I have learned from everything that happened; the ten phantasmagorical months in which we discovered and created our own beautiful truth, the unfortunate circumstances that tore us apart, and the past two and half years of awakening and claiming my own truth as it continues to evolve. I do not regret anything that happened, but I am sad that Valery seems to be in a place now where, in order to survive, she appears compelled to deny the love we expressed to one another and play out a different set of scripts. Before I die, I would like to reconnect with her, at least long enough for both of us to share what we learned from all of that so that we will not die, whenever that time may come for each of us, with any regrets about anything that has happened. So I am writing this now to send out into cyberspace in the hope that anyone reading it who may know Valery will tell her what her "father" has written in this review and about Bronnie's beautiful book.
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Sahassapol
4.0 out of 5 stars A tragic look into those who gave their lives away.
Reviewed in the United States on 27 January 2023
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Love the message the author conveys, your life is in your hands. Sharing the experience of those who were moments from the last gasp further cements the message.

However, some of the parts, just little bit of it, are a little drawn out. Anyway the book is excellent!
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Amazon Customer
4.0 out of 5 stars Nice book, last chapters not good
Reviewed in the United States on 28 January 2023
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I liked most of the stories, but the last chapters are just not good, falling to depression and the self kitty just made me almost stop reading it.
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Sanjay Kumar Jena
4.0 out of 5 stars A must read
Reviewed in India on 16 September 2022
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A must read book to live our life today. It's about many things from how friends are important, how quality time spending with family is important, and many more.
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Kindle Customer
5.0 out of 5 stars We should follow her advice!
Reviewed in the United States on 29 May 2023
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Excellent read!
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Pacharan
1.0 out of 5 stars Je ne regrette rien - except spending money on this nonsense
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 29 May 2017
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Oh dear, where to start? This isn't the usual type of book I read, I had to buy this for book club. Now, I don't mind having my literary horizons stretched. But this is just dreadful, from beginning to end. I am going to need a whole bucket of Prosecco to get through the discussion....
1) The writing is appalling. Truly awful. Sentence structure, punctuation, meaning, all garbled, or missing, or battered senseless in the stream of consciousness style.
2) The book is not about the dying. It's about Bronnie. Be prepared to hear a LOT about Bronnie, her life and her view of the universe, in which the sun shines out of her smug empathetic behind and the rest of the planets revolve entirely around her. Actually Bronnie should try looking up the definitions of "empathy" and "sympathy"because I think she has them rather confused. "Empathy" is putting yourself in someone else's shoes, not wittering on endlessly about how stuff makes YOU feel. The dying are just bit-part players, simply useful vehicles sent to assist Bronnie with little revelations in her quest for enlightenment and personal fulfillment. In fact, in Bronnie-World, all the people or animals that she encounters are sent as "signs", or to thwart or aid her in some way. At no time does she seem self-aware enough to attempt any in-depth reflection into the possibility that some issues may be caused by her own self-obsessed actions and attitudes, instead she snarks away about the negativity of family and colleagues while cheerfully quoting a patient as saying "Playing the victim is a toxic waste of time that not only repels other people, but also robs the victim of ever knowing true happiness."
3) The book is both repetitive and not deep enough. One would think banging on about certain themes would give the reader more insight, but Bronnie's observations are too banal, or abandoned after a sentence or two (usually in order to go back to her main theme of Me), or simply repeated so often in trite and undeveloped form that the reader glazes over and wishes for a speedy end (to the book). When Bronnie says she isn't going to lecture you, be very afraid. For example, I don't have anything against vegans etc but the assertion that "I was never the kind of vegetarian or vegan who would be overly verbal about it." is dynamited out of the water by Bronnie being overly verbal about it, to the extent I just wanted to eat a steak. Medium rare. Or bacon. Mmmmm bacon....did I tell you I liked bacon? Oh sorry, I got distracted and started talking about me. See, that's EXACTLY how the book jumps around from various subjects and back to Bronnie again. Over and over.....
4) Almost all the palliative patients are extremely wealthy since Bronnie preferred to work with private clients because nursing homes "always brought me down the moment I walked through the door". The private patients had choices in their lives that most people will never have. This doesn't mean their regrets have less value, but it makes the book, and Bronnie's own interests and sympathies, feel slanted towards a certain privileged class and adds to a feeling of being talked down to by a Lady Bountiful type playing at Dalai Lama.

It could have been an interesting book about the dying, or possibly an interesting book about Bronnie, if a good editorial team had assisted with the writing and given the themes some weight and shape. I think Bronnie means well and is honest, but is just too self-centred and clichéd to hold the reader's interest and sympathy. Ah yes, sympathy and empathy again....

Anyone looking for a good read about a troubled woman's quest to "find herself" should maybe try Wild by Cheryl Strayed. Much, much better written.
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Vielleserin
5.0 out of 5 stars Sehr berührendes und zugleich weises Buch
Reviewed in Germany on 5 June 2012
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Ich schreibe diese Rezension, weil ich meine, dass die 3-Sterne-Bewertung meiner Vorrezensentin nebst Kommentar dem Buch nicht gerecht wird. Ich bin froh, dass ich durch diese Rezension nicht vom Kauf des Buches abgehalten worden bin, weil mir das Buch persönlich empfohlen worden ist.

Wie so oft, sagt das, was meine Vorrezensentin schreibt, mehr über sie selbst aus als über das Buch. Ich habe es als außerordentlich wohltuend und vorbildhaft empfunden, dass die Autorin allen Menschen, denen sie begegnet, urteilsfrei und mit einem mitfühlenden Blick gegenüber tritt. Das hat mich sehr berührt. Die wenigsten Menschen haben die Größe, andere so zu akzeptieren und sein zu lassen wie diese sind. Für mich ist die Autorin in dieser Haltung authentisch, und ich bewundere die Autorin dafür. Was die Autorin aber auch zeigt, ist, dass diese Haltung in den Burn-out führt, wenn man nicht gleichzeitig auch mit sich selbst Mitgefühl entwickelt. Mitgefühl mit sich selbst ist gewissermaßen die andere Seite der Medaille des Mitgefühls mit anderen. Wer nicht wirklich urteilsfrei durch die Welt geht und kein umfassendes Mitgefühlt mit anderen entwickeln kann, hat dieses Problem natürlich nicht - und läuft (wenn es an Mitgefühl mangelt) Gefahr, diejenigen zu verurteilen, die in dieses Dilemma hinein schlittern.

Meines Erachtens ist das Buch ein sehr feinfühlig geschriebener Bericht eines spirituellen Lebensweges, der dadurch an Tiefe gewinnt, dass die Erkenntnisse Sterbender auf ihrem Totenbett darüber, was sie am Ende ihres Lebens bereuen, einfließen. Dabei hat das Buch nichts Esoterisches und erst recht nichts Moralisierendes. Es ist erfrischend "down to earth". Am Ende wird die Quintessenz des Buches anhand eines sehr schönen Bildes zusammengefasst: Wir alle sind Glühlampen, die daran gewohnt sind, mit Dreck (wie z. B. abwertenden Urteilen) beworfen und dadurch verdunkelt zu werden. Wer sich daran macht, den Dreck zu entfernen, wird erstaunt sein darüber, welches Licht darunter zum Vorschein kommt. Dabei betont die Autorin immer wieder, dass jeder für seinen eigenen Dreck verantwortlich ist und seinen eigenen Weg gehen muss. Diese Einschätzung teile ich. Deshalb bin ich in diesem Gebiet gegenüber Ratgeber-Büchern, die ja - das liegt in der Natur der Sache - so konzipiert sind, dass da einer ist, der weiß, was gut für andere ist, sehr skeptisch. Lebensberichte und Erfahrungen anderer Menschen sehe ich als Angebote, den eigenen Horizont zu erweitern, und genau das leistet das Buch ganz sicherlich!
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Anurag
5.0 out of 5 stars Must read
Reviewed in India on 23 October 2022
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This is the most amazing book that i have read until now, we must read this book it teaches us a lot about life, about death, about living the life, relationships, etc. A must read for everyone...
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Mahmood
5.0 out of 5 stars BEST BOOK EVER!!!!
Reviewed in the United States on 15 July 2022
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its life changing book, I never thought about the regrets that I might have in the future or when I am on my death bed. This is the time to change to change my life and learn from the dying people, its today or never. I never right a review but this book made me write the review. So if you want to know what are the regrets you might have or NOT , read this book. Bronnie you have done an incredible job in delivering this content to the audience and i salute you for that.

There are so many people in this book that have regrets that also I might have in later in my life too and the writer has showed us the way how to mitigate those regrets now.
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Dyers
2.0 out of 5 stars 20% good material, the rest seemed like fluff
Reviewed in the United States on 23 May 2023
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I bought this book hoping to learn lessons from the dying, that was only a small portion of it. Most of it was fluff from the authors own life and struggles. Her life, inner thoughts and personal struggles were utterly unrelatable to me and so it was difficult to slog through. Her writing isn't bad, if she had cut it down to half the length and shared more lessons from her work with the dying and focused on that, this book would have been much more successful.
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