Buddhism worldwide[
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Buddhism by countryPercentage of formal/practicing Buddhists by the numbers of registered adherents (according to the least estimates).
Percentage of cultural/nominal adherents of combined Buddhism with its related religions (according to the highest estimates).
Buddhism by country Buddhism in the East
Buddhism in South Asia Tamil Buddhism Buddhism in Central Asia Buddhism in Southeast Asia East Asian Buddhism Buddhism in the Middle East Buddhism in the West Buddhism in the Americas Buddhism in Central America Buddhism in Australia Buddhism in Europe Buddhism in Africa showv t e Buddhism in Africa showv t e Buddhism in North America
showv t e Buddhism in South America
showv t e Buddhism in Asia showv t e Buddhism in Europe showv t e Buddhism in Oceania Buddhist scriptures and texts[
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Buddhist textsTheravada texts[
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Pali literatureA collection of the Pali canon.
Pāli Canon (Tipitaka) Vinaya Pitaka — Basket of Discipline
Suttavibhanga Patimokkha — Buddhist Monastic Code
Khandhaka Mahāvagga
Cullavagga
Parivara Sutta Pitaka — Basket of Discourses
Digha Nikaya — the Long Discourses
Brahmajala Sutta — Discourse on the Net of Perfect Wisdom
Samaññaphala Sutta — The Fruit of Contemplative Life Discourse
Kevatta Sutta Mahaparinibbana Sutta — The Last Days of the Buddha
Mahasatipatthana Sutta — The Great Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness
Aggañña Sutta Sigalovada Sutta Majjhima Nikaya — the Middle-length Discourses
Sammaditthi Sutta — Discourse on Right View
Satipatthana Sutta — The Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness
Aggi-Vacchagotta Sutta Anapanasati Sutta — Discourse on Mindfulness of Breathing
Samyutta Nikaya — the Connected Discourses
Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta — Setting Rolling the Wheel of Truth (Buddha's first discourse)
Anattalakkhana Sutta — The Nonself Characteristic (Buddha's second discourse)
Fire Sermon — Buddha's third discourse
Anguttara Nikaya — the Numerical Discourses
Dighajanu Sutta Dona Sutta Kalama Sutta Upajjhatthana Sutta — Subjects for Contemplation
Khuddaka Nikaya — the Minor Collection
Khuddakapatha Mangala Sutta Ratana Sutta Karaṇīya Mettā Sutta — The Hymn of Universal Love
Dhammapada — The Path of Truth
Udana — Inspired utterances
Itivuttaka Suttanipata Uraga Vagga
Rhinoceros Horn Sutra Metta Sutta Cula Vagga
Ratana Sutta Mangala Sutta Dhammika Sutta Maha Vagga
Atthaka Vagga Parayana Vagga Vimanavatthu Petavatthu Theragatha — Verses of the Elder Monks
Therigatha — Verses of the Elder Nuns
Jataka tales — Buddha's former lives
Niddesa Patisambhidamagga — Path of discrimination
Apadana Buddhavamsa Cariyapitaka Nettipakarana Petakopadesa Milindapanha Abhidhamma Pitaka — Basket of Ultimate Doctrine
Dhammasangani Vibhanga Dhatukatha Puggalapannatti Kathavatthu Yamaka Patthana Anupitaka — non-canonical or extra-canonical Pāli literature
Paracanonical texts Commentaries — commentaries on the Tipitaka
Subcommentaries — commentaries on the commentaries on the Tipitaka
Visuddhimagga — The Path of Purification, considered the most important Theravada text outside of the Tipitaka canon of scriptures
Vimuttimagga — The Path of Freedom, manual of meditation
Abhidhammattha Sangaha — A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma
Mahayana texts[
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The Tripitaka Koreana in storage at Haeinsa.
Mahayana sutras Angulimaliya Sutra Brahmajala Sutra Innumerable Meanings Sutra Lalitavistara Sutra Lankavatara Sutra Lotus Sutra Perfection of Wisdom sutras (Prajñāpāramitā)
Diamond Sutra Heart Sutra Ten Stages Sutra Vimalakirti-nirdesa Sutra Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment Platform Sutra Amitabha Sutra Avatamsaka Sutra Contemplation Sutra Infinite Life Sutra Mahaparinirvana Sutra Mahasamnipata Sutra Sanghata Sutra Shurangama Sutra Sutra of Forty-Two Sections Sutra of Golden Light Sutra of The Great Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Ullambana Sutra Āgamas Chinese Buddhist canon Tripitaka Koreana Vajrayana texts[
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Buddhist Tantras Guhyasamāja Tantra Mahavairocana Tantra Vajrasekhara Sutra Hevajra Tantra Cakrasaṃvara Tantra Guhyagarbha tantra Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa Shurangama Sutra Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti Kalachakra Tantra Nyingma Gyubum Guhyagarbha tantra Kulayarāja Tantra Seventeen tantras of Dzogchen
Vima Nyingtik Longchen Nyingthig Tibetan Buddhist canon Kangyur Tengyur Terma (hidden treasure) literature
Bardo Thodol History of Buddhism[
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History of Buddhism Timeline of Buddhism Early Buddhism Pre-sectarian Buddhism Buddhist councils First Buddhist council Second Buddhist council Third Buddhist council Fourth Buddhist council Fifth Buddhist council Sixth Buddhist council World Buddhist Forum, 2006 Silk Road transmission of Buddhism History of Buddhism in India Decline of Buddhism in India Greco-Buddhism Buddhism and the Roman world Buddhist crisis Doctrines of Buddhism[
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Core Buddhist concepts and their relationships
The relationship between the major concepts in Buddhism
Main articles:
Dharma (Buddhism) and
Glossary of BuddhismThree Jewels (Tiratana • Triratna)[
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The triratna, a symbol of the Three Jewels
Three Jewels Buddha — Gautama Buddha, the Blessed One, the Awakened One, the Teacher
Accomplished (arahaṃ • arhat)
Fully enlightened (sammā-sambuddho • samyak-saṃbuddha)
Perfect in true knowledge and conduct (vijjā-caraṇa sampanno • vidyā-caraṇa-saṃpanna)
Sublime (sugato • sugata)
Knower of the worlds (lokavidū • loka-vid)
Incomparable leader of persons to be tamed (anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi • puruṣa-damya-sārathi)
Teacher of devas and humans (satthā deva-manussānaṃ • śāsta deva-manuṣyāṇaṃ)
The Enlightened One (buddho)
The Blessed One (bhagavā • bhagavat)
Dhamma (Dharma) — the cosmic principle of truth, lawfulness, and virtue discovered, fathomed, and taught by the Buddha; the Buddha's teaching as an expression of that principle; the teaching that leads to enlightenment and liberation
Well expounded by the Blessed One (svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo • svākhyāta)
Directly visible (sandiṭṭhiko • sāṃdṛṣṭika)
Immediate (akāliko • akālika)
Inviting one to come and see (ehi-passiko • ehipaśyika)
Worthy of application (opanayiko • avapraṇayika)
To be personally experienced by the wise (paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi • pratyātmaṃ veditavyo vijñaiḥ)
Saṅgha (Saṃgha) — the spiritual community, which is twofold (1) the monastic Saṅgha, the order of monks and nuns; and (2) the noble Saṅgha, the spiritual community of noble disciples who have reached the stages of world-transcending realization
Practicing the good way (supaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
Practicing the straight way (ujupaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
Practicing the true way (ñāyapaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
Practicing the proper way (sāmīcipaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
Worthy of gifts (āhuṇeyyo)
Worthy of hospitality (pāhuṇeyyo)
Worthy of offerings (dakkhiṇeyyo)
Worthy of reverential salutation (añjalikaraṇīyo)
The unsurpassed field of merit for the world (anuttaraṃ puññākkhettaṃ lokassā)
Four Noble Truths (Cattāri ariyasaccāni • Catvāri āryasatyāni)[
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Four Noble Truths1. The Noble Truth of Suffering (Dukkha ariya sacca)[
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Suffering (dukkha • duḥkha) — to be fully understood (pariññeyya)
Dukkha as intrinsic suffering, as bodily or mental
pain (dukkha-dukkha)
birth (
jāti)
old age (
jarā)
illness (
byādhi)
death (
maraṇa)
sorrow (
soka)
lamentation (
parideva)
pain (
dukkha)
grief (
domanassa)
despair (
upāyāsā)
Dukkha due to
change (vipariṇāma-dukkha)
Association with the unpleasant (appiyehi sampayogo)
Separation from the pleasant (piyehi vippayogo)
Not to get what one wants (yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi)
Dukkha of
conditioned formations (saṅkhāra-dukkha)
Five aggregates of clinging (pañcupādānakkhandha)
material form (rūpa)
feeling (vedanā)
perception (saññā • samjñā)
mental formations (saṅkhāra • samskāra)
consciousness (viññāṇa • vijñāna)
2. The Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering (Dukkha samudaya ariya sacca)[
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Craving (taṇhā • tṛṣṇā) (
samudaya) — to be abandoned (pahātabba)
Craving for
sensual pleasures (
kāma taṇhā)
Craving for
existence (
bhava taṇhā)
Craving for
non-existence (vibhava taṇhā)
3. The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering (Dukkha nirodha ariya sacca)[
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Nirvana (Nibbāna • Nirvāṇa) (
nirodha) — to be realized (sacchikātabba)
Nibbāna element with residue remaining (sa-upādisesa nibbānadhātu • sopadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa)
Nibbāna element with no residue remaining (anupādisesa nibbānadhātu • nir-upadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa) —
Parinirvana (parinibbāna • parinirvāṇa)
4. The Noble Truth of the Path of Practice leading to the Cessation of Suffering (Dukkha nirodha gāminī paṭipadā ariya sacca)[
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Noble Eightfold Path (Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo • Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ) — to be developed (bhāvetabba)
Right view
Right intention
Right speech
Right action
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right mindfulness
Right concentration
Three Characteristics of Existence (Tilakkhaṇa • Trilakṣaṇa)[
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Three marks of existence Impermanence (anicca • anitya)
Suffering (dukkha • duḥkha)
Nonself (anattā • anātman)
Five Aggregates (Pañca khandha • Pañca-skandha)[
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Skandha Matter (Form) (rūpa)
Four Great Elements (mahābhūta)
Earth element (paṭhavī-dhātu)
Water (or liquid) element (āpo-dhātu)
Fire (or heat) element (tejo-dhātu)
Air (or wind) element (vāyo-dhātu)
Feeling (vedanā)
Pleasant feeling (sukha)
Painful feeling (dukkha • duḥkha)
Neither-painful-nor-pleasant (neutral) feeling (adukkham-asukhā)
Perception (saññā • samjñā)
Mental formations (saṅkhāra • samskāra) —
see below Consciousness (viññāṇa • vijñāna)
Dependent Origination (Paticcasamuppāda • Pratītyasamutpāda)[
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Main article:
PratītyasamutpādaThis/that Conditionality (Idappaccayatā)[
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Main article:
IdappaccayatāWhen this is, that is.
From the arising of this comes the arising of that.
When this isn't, that isn't.
From the cessation of this comes the cessation of that.
Imasmiṃ sati, idaṃ hoti.
Imass’ uppādā, idaṃ uppajjati.
Imasmiṃ asati, idaṃ na hoti.
Imassa nirodhā, idhaṃ nirujjhati.
Twelve Links (Nidāna)[
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Main article:
Twelve NidānasDescribes how suffering arises.
Ignorance (avijjā • avidyā)
Not knowing
suffering Not knowing the
origin of suffering Not knowing the
cessation of suffering Not knowing the
way leading to the cessation of suffering Volitional formations (saṅkhāra • saṃskāra)
Bodily formation
Verbal formation
Mental formation
Consciousness (viññāṇa • vijñāna)
Eye-consciousness
Ear-consciousness
Nose-consciousness
Tongue-consciousness
Body-consciousness
Mind-consciousness
Mind and body (nāmarūpa)
Mind (nāma)
Feeling (vedanā)
Perception (saññā • samjñā)
Volition (cetanā)
Contact (phassa)
Attention (manasikāra)
Body/materiality/form (rūpa)
Four Great Elements Earth —
solidity Water —
fluidity Fire —
heat Wind —
oscillation Six sense bases (saḷāyatana • ṣaḍāyatana)
Eye-base
Ear-base
Nose-base
Tongue-base
Body-base
Mind-base
Contact (phassa • sparśa)
Eye-contact
Ear-contact
Nose-contact
Tongue-contact
Body-contact
Mind-contact
Feeling (vedanā)
Feeling born of eye-contact
Feeling born of ear-contact
Feeling born of nose-contact
Feeling born of tongue-contact
Feeling born of body-contact
Feeling born of mind-contact
Craving (taṇhā • tṛṣṇā)
Craving for forms
Craving for sounds
Craving for odors
Craving for flavors
Craving for tangibles
Craving for mind-objects
Clinging (upādāna)
Clinging to
sensual pleasures (kāmupādāna)
Clinging to
views (diṭṭhupādāna)
Clinging to
rituals and observances (sīlabbatupādāna)
Clinging to a doctrine of
self (attavādupādāna)
Being (bhava)
Sense-sphere being
Fine-material being
Immaterial being
Birth (jāti)
Old age and death (jarāmaraṇa)
Transcendental Dependent Origination[
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Describes the path out of suffering.
Suffering (dukkha • duḥkha)
Faith (saddhā • śraddhā)
Joy (pāmojja)
Rapture (pīti • prīti)
Tranquillity (passaddhi)
Happiness (sukha)
Concentration (samādhi)
Knowledge and vision of things as they really are (yathābhūta-ñāna-dassana)
Disenchantment with worldly life (nibbidā)
Dispassion (virāga)
Freedom (vimutti)
Knowledge of destruction of the taints (āsava-khaye-ñāna)
Karma (Kamma)[
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Karma in Buddhism Definition — volitional action, considered particularly as a moral force capable of producing, for the agent, results that correspond to the ethical quality of the action; thus good karma produces happiness, and bad karma produces suffering
Result of karma (vipāka)
Intention (cetanā)
Wholesome intention (kusala)
Unwholesome intention (akusala)
Three doors of action (kammadvara)
Body — Bodily acts
Speech — Verbal acts
Mind — Mental acts
Roots (mula)
Unwholesome
Greed (lobha • raga)
Hatred (dosa • dvesha)
Delusion (moha)
Wholesome
Nongreed (alobha) — renunciation, detachment, generosity
Nonhatred (adosa) — loving-kindness, sympathy, gentleness
Nondelusion (amoha) — wisdom
Courses of action (kammapatha)
Unwholesome
Bodily
Destroying life
Taking what is not given
Wrong conduct in regard to sense pleasures
Verbal
False speech
Slanderous speech
Harsh speech
Idle chatter
Mental
Covetousness
Ill will
Wrong view
Wholesome
Bodily
Abstaining from destroying life
Abstaining from taking what is not given
Abstaining from wrong conduct in regard to sense pleasures
Verbal
Abstaining from false speech
Abstaining from slanderous speech
Abstaining from harsh speech
Abstaining from idle chatter
Mental
Being free from covetousness
Being free from ill will
Holding right view
Function
Reproductive kamma (janaka kamma) — that which produces mental aggregates and material aggregates at the moment of
conception Supportive kamma (upatthambhaka kamma) — that which comes near the Reproductive Kamma and supports it
Obstructive kamma (upapiḍaka kamma) — that which tends to weaken, interrupt and retard the fruition of the Reproductive Kamma
Destructive kamma (upaghātaka kamma) — that which not only obstructs but also destroys the whole force of the Reproductive Kamma
Order to take effect
Weighty kamma (garuka kamma) — that which produces its results in this life or in the next for certain
Five heinous crimes, causing rebirth in hell immediately after death (
ānantarika-kamma)
Intentionally killing one's
father (
patricide)
Intentionally killing one's
mother (
matricide)
Intentionally killing an
arahant Maliciously causing
blood to flow from the body of a
Buddha Creating a
schism in the
sangha Proximate kamma (āsanna kamma) — that which one does or remembers immediately before the dying moment
Habitual kamma (āciṇṇa kamma) — that which one habitually performs and recollects and for which one has a great liking
Reserve kamma (kaṭattā kamma) — refers to all actions that are done once and soon forgotten
Time of taking effect
Immediately effective kamma (diţţhadhammavedaniya kamma)
Subsequently, effective kamma (upapajjavedaniya kamma)
Indefinitely effective kamma (aṗarāpariyavedaniya kamma)
Defunct kamma (ahosi kamma)
Place of taking effect
Immoral (akusala) kamma pertaining to the sense-sphere (kamavacara)
Moral (kusala) kamma pertaining to the sense-sphere (kamavacara)
Moral kamma pertaining to the form-sphere (rupavacara)
Moral kamma pertaining to the formless-sphere (arupavacara)
Niyama Dhammas Utu Niyama — Physical Inorganic Order (seasonal changes and climate), the natural law pertaining to physical objects and changes in the natural environment, such as the weather; the way flowers bloom in the day and fold up at night; the way soil, water and nutrients help a tree to grow; and the way things disintegrate and decompose. This perspective emphasizes the changes brought about by heat or temperature
Bīja Niyama — Physical Organic Order (laws of heredity), the natural law pertaining to heredity, which is best described in the adage, “as the seed, so the fruit”
Citta Niyama — Order of Mind and Psychic Law (will of mind), the natural law pertaining to the workings of the mind, the process of cognition of sense objects and the mental reactions to them
Kamma Niyama — Order of Acts and Results (consequences of one's actions), the natural law pertaining to human behavior, the process of the generation of action and its results. In essence, this is summarized in the words, “good deeds bring good results, bad deeds bring bad results”
Dhamma Niyama — Order of the Norm (nature's tendency to produce a perfect type), the natural law governing the relationship and interdependence of all things: the way all things arise, exist and then cease. All conditions are subject to change, are in a state of affliction and are not self: this is the Norm
Rebirth (Punabbhava • Punarbhava)[
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Main article:
Rebirth (Buddhism) Saṃsāra — Lit., the "wandering," the round of rebirths without discoverable beginning, sustained by ignorance and craving
Buddhist cosmology[
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Buddhist cosmologyThe
bhavachakra, a symbolic depiction of the six realms.
Six realms Heaven (sagga)
Tusita — one of the six deva-worlds of the kāmadhātu
Tāvatiṃsa — the fifth of the heavens of the kāmadhātu, and the highest of the heavens that maintains a physical connection with the rest of the world
Four Heavenly Kings Demigod realm (asura)
Human realm (mānusatta)
Hungry Ghost realm (peta • preta)
Animal realm Hell (niraya • naraka)
Avīci — the lowest level of the hell realm
Three planes of existence (tiloka • triloka)
World of desire (kāmaloka)
World of form (rūpaloka)
World of formlessness (arūpaloka)
Ten spiritual realms Buddhahood Bodhisattva — Bodhisattvahood
Pratyekabuddha — Realization
Sāvakabuddha — Learning
Deva — Heaven
Asura — Paranoid jealousy
Human beings in Buddhism — Humanity
Animals in Buddhism — Animality
Preta — Hunger
Naraka — Hell
Sense bases (Āyatana)[
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Ayatana Six sense bases (saḷāyatana • ṣaḍāyatana)
Eye (cakkhu) and
Forms Ear (sota) and
Sounds Nose (ghāṇa) and
Odors Tongue (jivhā) and
Flavors Body (kāya) and
Tactile objects Mind (mano) and
Phenomena Six Great Elements (Dhātu)[
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Earth element (paṭhavī-dhātu)
Water (or liquid) element (āpo-dhātu)
Fire element (tejo-dhātu)
Air (or wind) element (vāyo-dhātu)
Space element (ākāsa-dhātu)
Consciousness element (viññāṇa-dhātu)
Faculties (Indriya)[
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Indriya Six sensory faculties
Eye/vision faculty (cakkh-undriya)
Ear/hearing faculty (sot-indriya)
Nose/smell faculty (ghān-indriya)
Tongue/taste faculty (jivh-indriya)
Body/sensibility faculty (kāy-indriya)
Mind faculty (man-indriya)
Three physical faculties
Femininity (itth-indriya)
Masculinity (puris-indriya)
Life or
vitality (jīvit-indriya)
Five feeling faculties
Physical
pleasure (sukh-indriya)
Physical
pain (dukkh-indriya)
Mental
joy (somanasa-indriya)
Mental
grief (domanass-indriya)
Indifference (upekh-indriya)
Five spiritual faculties
Faith (saddh-indriya)
Energy (viriy-indriya)
Mindfulness (sat-indriya)
Concentration (samādhi-indriya)
Wisdom (paññ-indriya)
Three final-knowledge faculties
Thinking "I shall know the unknown" (anaññāta-ñassāmīt-indriya)
Gnosis (aññ-indriya)
One who knows (aññātā-vindriya)
Formations (Saṅkhāra • Saṃskāra)[
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Main article:
SaṅkhāraMental Factors (Cetasika • Caitasika )[
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Main article:
Mental factors (Buddhism)Theravāda abhidhamma[
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Seven universal mental factors common to all; ethically variable mental factors common to all consciousnesses (sabbacittasādhāraṇa cetasikas)
Contact (phassa)
Feeling (vedanā)
Perception (saññā)
Volition (cetanā)
One-pointedness (ekaggatā)
Life Faculty (jīvitindriya)
Attention (manasikāra)
Six occasional or particular mental factors; ethically variable mental factors found only in certain consciousnesses (pakiṇṇaka cetasikas)
Application of thought (vitakka)
Examining (vicāra)
Decision (adhimokkha)
Energy (viriya)
Rapture (pīti)
Wholesome desire (chanda)
Fourteen unwholesome mental factors (akusala cetasikas)
Four universal unwholesome mental factors (akusalasādhāraṇa):
Delusion (moha)
Lack of shame (ahirika)
Disregard for consequence (anottappa)
Restlessness (uddhacca)
Three mental factors of the greed-group (lobha):
Greed (lobha)
Wrong view (diṭṭhi)
Conceit (māna)
Four mental factors of the hatred-group (dosa)
Hatred (dosa)
Envy (issā)
Miserliness (macchariya)
Regret (kukkucca)
Other unwholesome mental factors
Sloth (thīna)
Torpor (middha)
Doubt (vicikicchā)
Twenty-five beautiful mental factors (sobhana cetasikas)
Nineteen universal beautiful mental factors (sobhanasādhāraṇa):
Faith (saddhā)
Mindfulness (sati)
Shame at doing evil (hiri)
Regard for consequence (ottappa)
Lack of greed (alobha)
Lack of hatred (adosa)
Balance, neutrality of mind (tatramajjhattatā)
Tranquillity of mental body (kāyapassaddhi)
Tranquillity of consciousness (cittapassaddhi)
Lightness of mental body (kāyalahutā)
Lightness of consciousness (cittalahutā)
Softness/malleability of mental body (kāyamudutā)
Softness/malleability of consciousness (cittamudutā)
Readiness/wieldiness of mental body (kāyakammaññatā)
Readiness/wieldiness of consciousness (cittakammaññatā)
Proficiency of mental body (kāyapāguññatā)
Proficiency of consciousness (cittapāguññatā)
Straightness/rectitude of mental body (kāyujukatā)
Straightness/rectitude of consciousness (cittujukatā)
Three Abstinences (virati):
Right speech (sammāvācā)
Right action (sammākammanta)
Right livelihood (sammā-ājīva)
Two Illimitables (appamañña):
Compassion (karuṇā)
Sympathetic joy (muditā)
One Faculty of wisdom (paññindriya):
Wisdom (paññā • prajñā)
Mahayana abhidharma[
edit]
Five universal mental factors (sarvatraga) common to all:
Sparśa — contact, contacting awareness, sense impression, touch
Vedanā — feeling, sensation
Saṃjñā — perception
Cetanā — volition
Manasikara — attention
Five determining mental factors (viṣayaniyata):
Chanda — desire (to act), intention, interest
Adhimoksha — decision, interest, firm conviction
Smṛti — mindfulness
Prajñā — wisdom
Samādhi — concentration
Eleven virtuous (kuśala) mental factors
Sraddhā — faith
Hrī — self-respect, conscientiousness, sense of shame
Apatrāpya — decorum, regard for consequence
Alobha — non-attachment
Adveṣa — non-aggression, equanimity, lack of hatred
Amoha — non-bewilderment
Vīrya — diligence, effort
Praśrabdhi — pliancy
Apramāda — conscientiousness
Upekṣa — equanimity
Ahiṃsā — nonharmfulness
Six root mental defilements (mūlakleśa):
Raga — attachment
Pratigha — anger
Avidya — ignorance
Māna — pride, conceit
Vicikitsa — doubt
Dṛiṣṭi — wrong view
Twenty secondary defilement (upakleśa):
Krodha — rage, fury
Upanāha — resentment
Mrakśa — concealment, slyness-concealment
Pradāśa — spitefulness
Irshya — envy, jealousy
Mātsarya — stinginess, avarice, miserliness
Māyā — pretense, deceit
Śāṭhya — hypocrisy, dishonesty
Mada — self-infatuation, mental inflation, self-satisfaction
Vihiṃsā — malice, hostility, cruelty, intention to harm
Āhrīkya — lack of shame, lack of conscious, shamelessness
Anapatrāpya — lack of propriety, disregard, shamelessness
Styāna — lethargy, gloominess
Auddhatya — excitement, ebullience
Āśraddhya — lack of faith, lack of trust
Kausīdya — laziness, slothfulness
Pramāda — heedlessness, carelessness, unconcern
Muṣitasmṛtitā — forgetfulness
Asaṃprajanya — non-alertness, inattentiveness
Vikṣepa — distraction, desultoriness
Four changeable mental factors (aniyata):
Kaukṛitya — regret, worry,
Middha — sleep, drowsiness
Vitarka — conception, selectiveness, examination
Vicāra — discernment, discursiveness, analysis
Mind and Consciousness[
edit]
Citta — Mind, mindset, or state of mind
Cetasika — Mental factors
Manas — Mind, general thinking faculty
Consciousness (
viññāṇa)
Mindstream (citta-saṃtāna) — the moment-to-moment continuity of consciousness
Bhavanga — the most fundamental aspect of mind in Theravada
Luminous mind (pabhassara citta)
Consciousness-only (vijñapti-mātratā)
Eight Consciousnesses (aṣṭavijñāna)
Eye-consciousness — seeing apprehended by the visual sense organs
Ear-consciousness — hearing apprehended by the auditory sense organs
Nose-consciousness — smelling apprehended through the olfactory organs
Tongue-consciousness — tasting perceived through the gustatory organs
Ideation-consciousness — the aspect of mind known in Sanskrit as the "
mind monkey"; the consciousness of
ideation Body-consciousness — tactile feeling apprehended through skin contact, touch
The manas consciousness — obscuration-consciousness — a consciousness which through apprehension, gathers the hindrances, the poisons, the karmic formations
Store-house consciousness (ālāyavijñāna) — the seed consciousness, the consciousness which is the basis of the other seven
Mental proliferation (papañca • prapañca) — the deluded conceptualization of the world through the use of ever-expanding language and concepts
Monkey mind — unsettled, restless mind
Obstacles to Enlightenment[
edit]
Taints (āsava)
Sensual desire (kāmāsava)
Becoming (bhavāsava)
Wrong view (diṭṭhāsava)
Ignorance (avijjāsava)
Defilements (kilesa • kleśā)
Three defilements Greed (lobha • rāga)
Hatred (aversion) (dosa • dvesha)
Delusion (moha)
Round of defilements (kilesa-vaṭṭa)
Ignorance (avijjā • avidyā)
Craving (taṇhā • tṛṣṇā)
Clinging (upādāna)
Four perversions of view, thought and perception (vipallasa)
Taking what is
impermanent (anicca • anitya) to be permanent (nicca • nitya)
Taking what is
suffering (dukkha • duḥkha) to be
happiness (sukha)
Taking what is
nonself (anattā • anātman) to be
self (attā • ātman)
Taking what is
not beautiful (asubha) to be beautiful (subha)
Five hindrances (pañca nīvaraṇā) — the main inner impediments to the development of concentration and insight
Sensual desire (kāmacchanda) — craving for pleasure to the senses
Ill-will (vyāpāda) — feelings of malice directed toward others
Sloth and torpor (thīna-middha) — half-hearted action with little or no energy
Restlessness and remorse (uddhacca-kukkucca) — the inability to calm the mind
Doubt (vicikicchā) — lack of conviction or trust
Latent tendencies (anusaya)
Sensual passion (kāma-rāga)
Resistance (patigha)
Views (diṭṭhi)
Doubt (vicikicchā)
Conceit (māna)
Craving for continued existence (bhavarāga)
Ignorance (avijjā • avidyā)
Ten Fetters (saṃyojana)
Identity view (sakkāyadiṭṭhi) — the view of a truly existent self either as identical with the five aggregates, or as existing in some relation to them
Eternity-belief (sassata-diṭṭhi)
Annihilation-belief (uccheda-diṭṭhi)
Doubt (vicikicchā) — doubt about the Buddha, the Dhamma, the Saṅgha, or the training
Wrong grasp of rules and observances (sīlabbata-parāmāsa) — the belief that mere external observances, particularly religious rituals and ascetic practices, can lead to liberation
Sensual lust (kāmacchando)
Ill will (vyāpādo)
Desire for existence in the form realm (rūparāgo)
Desire for existence in the formless realm (arūparāgo)
Conceit (māna)
Restlessness (uddhacca)
Ignorance (avijjā • avidyā)
Two Kinds of Happiness (Sukha)[
edit]
Bodily pleasure (kayasukha)
Mental happiness (cittasukha)
Two Kinds of Bhava[
edit]
Kamma Bhava — kammas caused by four
Upadanas Upapatti Bhava — rebirth bhava
Two Guardians of the World (Sukka lokapala)[
edit]
Shame at doing evil (hiri)
Fear of the results of wrongdoing (ottappa)
Three Conceits[
edit]
"I am better"
"I am equal"
"I am worse"
Three Standpoints[
edit]
Gratification (assāda)
Danger (ādinava)
Escape (nissaraṇa)
Three Primary Aims[
edit]
Welfare and happiness directly visible in this present life, attained by fulfilling one's moral commitments and social responsibilities (diṭṭha-dhamma-hitasukha)
Welfare and happiness pertaining to the next life, attained by engaging in meritorious deeds (samparāyika-hitasukha)
The ultimate good or supreme goal,
Nibbāna, final release from the cycle of rebirths, attained by developing the
Noble Eightfold Path (paramattha)
Three Divisions of the Dharma[
edit]
Study (pariyatti)
Practice (paṭipatti)
Realization (pativedha)
Four Kinds of Nutriment[
edit]
Physical food [either gross or subtle] (kabalinkaro)
Contact (phasso dutiyo)
Mental volition (manosancetana)
Consciousness (viññāṇa • vijñāna)
Four Kinds of Acquisitions (Upadhi)[
edit]
The Five Aggregates (khandha • skandha)
Defilements (kilesa • kleśā)
Volitional formations (saṅkhāra • saṃskāra)
Sensual pleasures (kāmacchanda)
Eight Worldly Conditions[
edit]
The "Eight Worldly Winds" referenced in discussions of
Equanimity (upekkhā, upekṣhā)
Pleasure and
pain Praise and
blame Honour and
dishonour Gain and
loss Truth (Sacca • Satya)[
edit]
Main articles:
Sacca and
Satya Four Noble Truths (cattāri ariyasaccāni • catvāri āryasatyāni)
Suffering (dukkha • duḥkha)
Cause of suffering (samudaya)
Cessation of suffering (nirodha)
Path leading to the cessation of suffering (magga • marga)
Two truths doctrine Conventional truth (sammutisacca • saṃvṛtisatya)
Ultimate truth (paramatthasacca • paramārthasatya)
Higher Knowledge (Abhiññā • Abhijñā)[
edit]
Abhijñā Six types of higher knowledges (chalabhiñña)
Supernormal powers (iddhi)
Multiplying the body into many and into one again
Appearing and vanishing at will
Passing through solid objects as if space
Ability to rise and sink in the ground as if in
water Walking on water as if land
Flying through the skies
Touching anything at any distance (even the
moon or
sun)
Traveling to other worlds (like the world of
Brahma) with or without the body
Divine ear (dibba-sota), that is,
clairaudience Mind-penetrating knowledge (ceto-pariya-ñāṇa), that is,
telepathy Remembering one's former abodes (pubbe-nivāsanussati), that is, recalling one's own
past lives Divine eye (dibba-cakkhu), that is, knowing others'
karmic destinations
Extinction of mental intoxicants (āsavakkhaya), upon which
arahantship follows
Three knowledges (tevijja)
Remembering one's former abodes (pubbe-nivāsanussati)
Divine eye (dibba-cakkhu)
Extinction of mental intoxicants (āsavakkhaya)
Great fruits of the contemplative life (Maha-Phala)[
edit]
Phala Equanimity (upekkhā, upekṣhā)
Fearlessness (nibbhaya)
Freedom from unhappiness & suffering (asukhacaadukkha)
Meditative Absorption (samādhi)
Out-of-body experience (manomaya)
Clairaudience (dibba-sota)
Intuition and mental telepathy (ceto-pariya-ñána)
Recollection of past lives (patisandhi)
Clairvoyance (dibba-cakkhu)
The Ending of Mental Fermentations (samatha)
Concepts unique to Mahayana and Vajrayana[
edit]
White A - Symbol Dzogchen
Bardo — Intermediate state
Shinay bardo — the Bardo of This Life
Milam bardo — the Bardo of Dream
Samten bardo — the Bardo of Meditation
Chikkhai bardo — the Bardo of Dying
Chönyid bardo — the Bardo of Dharmata
Sidpai bardo — the Bardo of Existence
Bodhicitta — the wish to attain
Buddhahood Bodhisattva — name given to anyone who has generated bodhicitta
Buddha-nature — immortal potency or element within the purest depths of the mind, present in all sentient beings, for awakening and becoming a Buddha
Dzogchen — the natural, primordial state or natural condition of every sentient being
Eternal Buddha Lung (Tibetan Buddhism) Pure land Rainbow body — a body not made of flesh, but consists of pure light, an astral body
Svabhava — Intrinsic nature
Tathātā/Dharmatā — Thusness
Dharmadhatu — Realm of Truth
Four Dharmadhātu Terma Three Vajras Three Roots Lama Iṣṭha-deva(tā) — Yidam
Dakini/
Dharmapala Trikaya Nirmanakaya Sambhogakaya Dharmakāya Upāya — Skillful means
Five Wisdoms Other concepts[
edit]
Emptiness (suññatā • śūnyatā)
Middle way (majjhimā paṭipadā • madhyamā-pratipad) — the Buddhist path of non-extremism
Avoiding the extreme of
sensual indulgence (kāmesu kāma-sukha-allika)
Avoiding the extreme of
self-mortification (atta-kilamatha)
Sentient beings (satta • sattva)
Buddhist practices[
edit]
Buddhist devotion[
edit]
Buddhists making offerings at
Wat Phrathat Doi SuthepBuddhist devotion Taking refuge in the Triple Gem Buddha Dharma Sangha Worship (pūjā) — see also:
Abhisheka Offerings Prostration (panipāta • namas-kara)
Chanting Mantra Om mani padme hum Namo Amituofo Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō Buddho Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa — Homage to the Blessed One, the Worthy One, the Fully Self-enlightened One
Moral discipline and precepts (Sīla • Śīla)[
edit]
Main article:
Śīla Five Precepts (pañca-sīlāni • pañca-śīlāni)
Abstaining from taking life (pāṇātipātā veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
taking what is not given (adinnādānā veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
sexual misconduct (kāmesu micchācāra veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
false speech (musāvāda veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
drinks and
drugs that cause heedlessness (surā-meraya-majja-pamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī)
Eight Precepts (aṭṭhasīla)
Abstaining from taking life (both
human and
non-human)
Abstaining from taking what is not given (
stealing)
Abstaining from all
sexual activity Abstaining from telling
lies Abstaining from using intoxicating
drinks and
drugs which lead to carelessness
Abstaining from
eating at the wrong time (the right time is eating once, after
sunrise, before
noon)
Abstaining from
singing,
dancing, playing music, attending
entertainment performances, wearing
perfume, and using
cosmetics and
garlands (decorative accessories)
Abstaining from
luxurious places for sitting or sleeping
Ten Precepts (dasasīla)
Abstaining from killing living things
Abstaining from stealing
Abstaining from un-chastity (sensuality, sexuality, lust)
Abstaining from lying
Abstaining from taking intoxicants
Abstaining from taking food at inappropriate times (after noon)
Abstaining from singing, dancing, playing music or attending entertainment programs (performances)
Abstaining from wearing perfume, cosmetics and garland (decorative accessories)
Abstaining from sitting on high chairs and sleeping on luxurious, soft beds
Abstaining from accepting
money Sixteen Precepts Three Treasures
Taking refuge in the Buddha
Taking refuge in the Dharma
Taking refuge in the Sangha
Three Pure Precepts
Not Creating Evil
Practicing Good
Actualizing Good For Others
Ten Grave Precepts
Affirm life; Do not kill
Be giving; Do not steal
Honor the body; Do not misuse sexuality
Manifest truth; Do not lie
Proceed clearly; Do not cloud the mind
See the perfection; Do not speak of others errors and faults
Realize self and other as one; Do not elevate the self and blame others
Give generously; Do not be withholding
Actualize harmony; Do not be angry
Experience the intimacy of things; Do not defile the Three Treasures
Vinaya Pātimokkha (
Pratimoksha) — the code of monastic rules binding on members of the Buddhist monastic order
Parajika (defeats) — four rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life
Sexual intercourse, that is, any voluntary sexual interaction between a bhikkhu and a living being, except for mouth-to-mouth intercourse which falls under the sanghadisesa
Stealing, that is, the robbery of anything worth more than 1/24
troy ounce of
gold (as determined by local law.)
Intentionally bringing about the death of a human being, even if it is still an
embryo — whether by killing the person, arranging for an assassin to kill the person, inciting the person to die, or describing the advantages of death
Deliberately
lying to another person that one has attained a superior human state, such as claiming to be an
arahant when one knows one is not, or claiming to have attained one of the
jhanas when one knows one hasn't
Sanghadisesa — thirteen rules requiring an initial and subsequent meeting of the sangha (communal meetings)
Aniyata — two indefinite rules where a monk is accused of having committed an offence with a woman in a screened (enclosed) or private place by a lay person
Nissaggiya pacittiya — thirty rules entailing "confession with forfeiture"
Pacittiya — ninety-two rules entailing confession
Patidesaniya — four violations which must be verbally acknowledged
Sekhiyavatta — seventy-five rules of training, which are mainly about the deportment of a monk
Sāruppa — proper behavior
Bhojanapatisamyutta — food
Dhammadesanāpatisamyutta — teaching dhamma
Pakinnaka — miscellaneous
Adhikarana-samatha — seven rules for settlement of legal processes that concern monks only
Bodhisattva vows Samaya — a set of vows or precepts given to initiates of an esoteric
Vajrayana Buddhist order
Ascetic practices (dhutanga) — a group of thirteen austerities, or ascetic practices, most commonly observed by Forest Monastics of the
Theravada Tradition of Buddhism
Three Resolutions[
edit]
To abstain from all evil (sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ)
To
cultivate the good (kusalassa upasampadā)
To purify one's mind (sacittapariyodapanaṃ)
Three Pillars of Dharma[
edit]
Generosity (dāna)
Morality (sīla • śīla)
Meditation (bhāvanā)
Threefold Training (Sikkhā)[
edit]
Threefold Training The training in the higher moral discipline (adhisīla-sikkhā) —
morality (sīla • śīla)
The training in the higher mind (adhicitta-sikkhā) —
concentration (samādhi)
The training in the higher wisdom (adhipaññā-sikkhā) —
wisdom (paññā • prajñā)
Five Qualities[
edit]
Faith (saddhā • śraddhā)
Morality (sīla • śīla)
Learning (suta)
Generosity (cāga)
Wisdom (paññā • prajñā)
Five Powers of a Trainee[
edit]
Faith (saddhā • śraddhā)
Conscience (hiri) — an innate sense of shame over moral transgression
Fear of wrong-doing (ottappa) — moral dread, fear of the results of wrongdoing
Energy (viriya • vīrya)
Wisdom (paññā • prajñā)
Five Things that lead to Enlightenment[
edit]
Admirable friendship (kalyāṇa-mittatā • kalyāṇa-mitratā)
Morality (sīla • śīla)
Hearing the
Dhamma Exertion (viriya • vīrya)
Awareness of impermanence (anicca-ñāṇa)
Five Subjects for Contemplation[
edit]
Upajjhatthana Sutta I am subject to
ageing, I am not exempt from ageing
I am subject to
illness, I am not exempt from illness
I am subject to
death, I am not exempt from death
There will be
change and separation from all that I hold dear and near to me
I am the owner of my
actions, heir to my actions, I am born of my actions, I am related to my actions and I have my actions as refuge; whatever I do, good or evil, of that I will be the heir
Gradual training (Anupubbikathā)[
edit]
Main articles:
Gradual training and
Anupubbikathā Generosity (dāna)
Virtue (sīla • śīla)
Heaven (sagga)
Danger of
sensual pleasure (kāmānaṃ ādīnava)
Renunciation (nekkhamma)
The
Four Noble Truths (cattāri ariyasaccāni • catvāri āryasatyāni)
Seven Good Qualities (Satta saddhammā)[
edit]
Faith (saddhā • śraddhā)
Conscience (hiri)
Moral dread (ottappa)
Learning (suta)
Energy (viriya • vīrya)
Mindfulness (sati • smṛti)
Wisdom (paññā • prajñā)
Ten Meritorious Deeds (Dasa Punnakiriya vatthu)[
edit]
Generosity (dāna)
Morality (sīla • śīla)
Meditation (bhāvanā)
Paying due
respect to those who are worthy of it (apacayana)
Helping others perform good deeds (veyyavacca)
Sharing of merit after doing some good deed (anumodana)
Rejoicing in the merits of others (pattanumodana)
Teaching the
Dhamma (dhammadesana)
Listening to the
Dhamma (dhammassavana)
Straightening one's own
views Perfections (Pāramī • Pāramitā)[
edit]
Main article:
PāramitāTen Theravada Pāramīs (Dasa pāramiyo)[
edit]
Generosity (dāna)
Morality (sīla)
Renunciation (nekkhamma)
Wisdom (paññā)
Energy (viriya)
Patience (khanti)
Truthfulness (sacca)
Determination (adhiṭṭhāna)
Loving-kindness (mettā)
Equanimity (upekkhā)
Six Mahayana Pāramitās[
edit]
Generosity (dāna)
Morality (śīla)
Patience (kṣanti)
Energy (vīrya)
Concentration (dhyāna)
Wisdom (prajñā)
States Pertaining to Enlightenment (Bodhipakkhiyādhammā • Bodhipakṣa dharma)[
edit]
Main article:
BodhipakkhiyādhammāFour Foundations of Mindfulness (Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā • Smṛtyupasthāna)[
edit]
Satipatthana Mindfulness of the body (kāyagatāsati • kāyasmṛti)
Mindfulness of breathing (ānāpānasati • ānāpānasmṛti)
Mindfulness of the body (kāyanupassana) — first tetrad
Breathing a long breath
Breathing a short breath
Experiencing the whole (breath-) body (awareness of the beginning, middle, and end of the breath)
Tranquilizing the bodily formation
Mindfulness of feelings (vedanānupassana) — second tetrad
Experiencing rapture
Experiencing bliss
Experiencing the mental formation
Tranquilizing the mental formation
Mindfulness of the mind (cittanupassana) — third tetrad
Experiencing the mind
Gladdening the mind
Concentrating the mind
Liberating the mind
Mindfulness of Dhammas (dhammānupassana) — fourth tetrad
Contemplating
impermanence (aniccānupassī)
Contemplating fading away (virāgānupassī)
Contemplating cessation (nirodhānupassī)
Contemplating relinquishment (paṭinissaggānupassī)
Postures Walking Standing Sitting Lying down Clear comprehension (sampajañña • samprajaña)
Clear comprehension of the purpose of one's action (sātthaka)
Clear comprehension of the suitability of one's means to the achievement of one's purpose (sappāya)
Clear comprehension of the domain, that is, not abandoning the subject of meditation during one's daily routine (gocara)
Clear comprehension of reality, the awareness that behind one's activities there is no abiding self (asammoha)
Reflections on repulsiveness of the body, meditation on the thirty-two body parts (patikulamanasikara)
head
hairs body hairs nails teeth skin flesh tendons bones bone marrow kidneys heart liver pleura (or
diaphragm)
spleen lungs intestines mesentery stomach feces bile phlegm pus blood sweat fat tears skin-oil saliva mucus synovial fluid urine brain Reflections on the
material elements (mahābhūta)
Earth Water Fire Wind Cemetery contemplations (asubha)
Swollen or bloated corpse
Corpse brownish black or purplish blue with decay
Festering or suppurated corpse
Corpse splattered half or fissured from decay
Corpse gnawed by
animals such as
wild dogs and
foxes Corpse scattered in parts,
hands,
legs,
head and
body being dispersed
Corpse cut and thrown away in parts after killing
Bleeding corpse, i.e. with red blood oozing out
Corpse infested with and eaten by
worms Remains of a corpse in a heap of
bones, i.e.
skeleton Mindfulness of
feelings (vedanāsati • vedanāsmṛti)
Pleasant feeling
Worldly pleasant feeling
Spiritual pleasant feeling
Painful feeling
Worldly painful feeling
Spiritual painful feeling
Neither-pleasant-nor-painful (neutral) feeling
Worldly neutral feeling
Spiritual neutral feeling
Mindfulness of the
mind (cittasati • cittasmṛti)
With lust (sarāgaṃ) or without lust (vītarāgaṃ)
With hate (sadosaṃ) or without hate (vītadosaṃ)
With delusion (samohaṃ) or without delusion (vītamohaṃ)
Contracted (saṅkhittaṃ) or scattered (vikkhittaṃ)
Lofty (mahaggataṃ) or not lofty (amahaggataṃ)
Surpassable (sa-uttaraṃ) or unsurpassed (anuttaraṃ)
Quieted (samāhitaṃ) or not quieted (asamāhitaṃ)
Released (vimuttaṃ) or not released (avimuttaṃ)
Mindfulness of
mental phenomena (dhammāsati • dharmasmṛti)
Hindrances Aggregates of
clinging Sense bases and their
fetters Seven factors of enlightenment Four Noble Truths Four Right Efforts (Cattārimāni sammappadhānāni • Samyak-pradhāna)[
edit]
Four Right Exertions The effort to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome mental states (anuppādāya)
The effort to abandon arisen unwholesome mental states (pahānāya)
The effort to generate unarisen wholesome mental states (uppādāya)
The effort to maintain and perfect arisen wholesome mental states (ṭhitiyā)
Four Roads to Mental Power (Iddhipāda • Ṛddhipāda)[
edit]
Iddhipada Concentration due to
desire (chanda)
Concentration due to
energy (viriya • vīrya)
Concentration due to
mind (citta)
Concentration due to
investigation (vīmaṃsā)
Five Spiritual Faculties (Pañca indriya)[
edit]
Indriya Faith (saddhā • śraddhā) — faith in the Buddha's awakening
Energy (viriya • vīrya) — exertion towards the
Four Right Efforts Mindfulness (sati • smṛti) — focusing on the four
satipatthana Concentration (samādhi) — achieving the four
jhānas Wisdom (paññā • prajñā) — discerning the
Four Noble Truths Five Powers (Pañca bala)[
edit]
Five Strengths Faith (saddhā • śraddhā) — controls doubt
Energy (viriya • vīrya) — controls laziness
Mindfulness (sati • smṛti) — controls heedlessness
Concentration (samādhi) — controls distraction
Wisdom (paññā • prajñā) — controls ignorance
Seven Factors of Enlightenment (Satta sambojjhaṅgā • Sapta bodhyanga)[
edit]
Seven Factors of EnlightenmentNeutral[
edit]
Mindfulness (sati • smṛti)
Arousing[
edit]
Investigation of doctrine (dhamma vicaya • dharma-vicaya)
Energy (viriya • vīrya)
Rapture (pīti • prīti)
Calming[
edit]
Tranquillity (passaddhi)
Concentration (samādhi)
Equanimity (upekkhā • upekṣā)
Noble Eightfold Path (Ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga • Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ)[
edit]
Noble Eightfold PathWisdom (Paññākkhandha)[
edit]
Dharmachakra, symbol of the Noble Eightfold Path, the Buddha's teaching of the path to enlightenment
Right view (sammā-diṭṭhi • samyag-dṛṣṭi)
Mundane right view
Karma Supramundane right view
Right view that accords with the
Four Noble Truths (saccanulomika sammā-diṭṭhi)
Study Contemplation
Meditation Right view that penetrates the Four Noble Truths (saccapativedha sammā-diṭṭhi)
Right intention (sammā-saṅkappa • samyak-saṃkalpa)
The intention of renunciation (nekkhamma-sankappa)
The intention of non-ill will (abyapada-sankappa)
The intention of harmlessness (avihimsa-sankappa)
Moral discipline (Sīlakkhandha)[
edit]
Right speech (sammā-vācā • samyag-vāc)
Abstaining from
false speech (musāvāda veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
slanderous speech (pisunaya vacaya veramaṇī)
Abstaining from harsh speech (pharusaya vacaya veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
verbal abuse Abstaining from
insults Abstaining from
sarcasm Abstaining from
idle chatter (samphappalāpa veramaṇī)
Right action (sammā-kammanta • samyak-karmānta)
Abstaining from the taking of life (pāṇātipātā veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
homicide Abstaining from
animal slaughter Abstaining from
hunting Abstaining from
fishing Abstaining from killing
insects Abstaining from
deliberately harming or
torturing another being
Abstaining from taking what is not given (adinnādānā veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
stealing Abstaining from
robbery Abstaining from
snatching Abstaining from
fraudulence Abstaining from
deceitfulness Abstaining from
sexual misconduct (kāmesu micchācāra veramaṇī)
Abstaining from
adultery Abstaining from
sexual harassment Abstaining from
rape Right livelihood (sammā-ājīva • samyag-ājīva)
Abstaining from dealing in
weapons Abstaining from dealing in living beings (including raising animals for
slaughter as well as
slave trade and
prostitution)
Abstaining from dealing in
meat production and
butchery Abstaining from dealing in
poisons Abstaining from dealing in
intoxicants Abstaining from
deceit Abstaining from treachery
Abstaining from
soothsaying Abstaining from
trickery Abstaining from
usury Concentration (Samādhikkhandha)[
edit]
Right effort (sammā-vāyāma • samyag-vyāyāma)
The effort to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome states of mind (samvarappadhana)
Wise attention (yoniso manasikara)
Restraint of the sense faculties (indriya-samvara)
The effort to abandon unwholesome states of mind that have already arisen (pahanappadhana)
Overcoming the
Five hindrances The effort to generate wholesome states of mind that have not yet arisen (bhavanappadhana)
Seven Factors of Enlightenment (satta sambojjhaṅgā • sapta bodhyanga)
Mindfulness (sati)
Investigation of doctrine (dhamma vicaya)
Energy (viriya • vīrya)
Rapture (pīti)
Tranquillity (passaddhi)
Concentration (samādhi)
Equanimity (upekkha)
The effort to maintain and perfect wholesome states of mind already arisen (anurakkhanappadhana)
Right mindfulness (sammā-sati • samyak-smṛti)
Contemplation of the body (kāyanupassana)
Contemplation of feeling (vedanānupassana)
Contemplation of states of mind (cittanupassana)
Contemplation of phenomena (dhammānupassana)
Right concentration (sammā-samādhi • samyak-samādhi)
Four jhānas First jhāna (pathamajjhana)
Second jhāna (dutiyajjhana)
Third jhāna (tatiyajjhana)
Fourth jhāna (catutthajjhana)
Acquired factors[
edit]
Right knowledge (sammā-ñāṇa)
Right liberation (sammā-vimutti)
Buddhist meditation[
edit]
Main articles:
Buddhist meditation and
BhavanaTheravada meditation practices[
edit]
Tranquillity/Serenity/Calm (Samatha • Śamatha)[
edit]
SamathaA Buddhist monk meditating
Place of work (kammaṭṭhāna)
Ten
Kasinas Earth kasina (pathavikasinam)
Water kasina (apokasinam)
Fire kasina (tejokasinam)
Wind kasina (vayokasinam)
Brownish or deep purplish blue kasina (nilakasinam)
Yellow kasina (pitakasinam)
Red kasina (lohitakasinam)
White kasina (odatakasinam)
Light kasina (alokakasinam)
Open air-space, sky kasina (akasakasinam)
Ten reflections on repulsiveness (asubas)
A swollen or bloated corpse (uddhumatakam)
A corpse brownish black or purplish blue with decay (vinilakam)
A festering or suppurated corpse (vipubbakam)
A corpse splattered half or fissured from decay (vicchiddakam)
A corpse gnawed by animals such as wild dogs and foxes (vikkhayittakam)
A corpse scattered in parts, hands, legs, head and body being dispersed (vikkhitakam)
A corpse cut and thrown away in parts after killing (hatavikkhittakam)
A bleeding corpse, i.e. with red blood oozing out (lohitakam)
A corpse infested with and eaten by worms (puluvakam)
Remains of a corpse in a heap of bones, i.e. skeleton (atthikam)
Ten
Recollections (anussati • anusmriti)
Buddhānussati (Buddhanusmrti) — Recollection of the Buddha — fixing the mind with attentiveness and reflecting repeatedly on the glorious virtues and attributes of Buddha
Dhammānussati (Dharmanusmrti) — Recollection of the Dhamma — reflecting with serious attentiveness repeatedly on the virtues and qualities of Buddha's teachings and his doctrine
Saṅghānussati (Sanghanusmrti) — Recollection of the Saṅgha — fixing the mind strongly and repeatedly upon the rare attributes and sanctity of the Sangha
Sīlānussati — Recollection of virtue — reflecting seriously and repeatedly on the purification of one's own morality or sīla
Cāgānussati — Recollection of generosity — reflecting repeatedly on the mind's purity in the noble act of one's own dāna, charitableness and liberality
Devatānussati — Recollection of deities — reflecting with serious and repeated attention on one's own complete possession of the qualities of absolute faith (saddhā), morality (sīla), learning (suta), liberality (cāga) and wisdom (paññā) just as the devas have, to enable one to be reborn in the world of devas
Maraṇānussati — Mindfulness of death — reflecting repeatedly on the inevitability of death
Kāyagatāsati — Mindfulness of the body — reflecting earnestly and repeatedly on the impurity of the body which is composed of the detestable 32 constituents such as hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, etc.
Ānāpānasati — Mindfulness of breathing — repeated reflection on the inhaled and exhaled breath
Upasamānussati — Recollection of peace — reflecting repeatedly with serious attentiveness on the supreme spiritual blissful state of Nirvana
Four Divine Abidings (brahmavihāra)
Loving-kindness (mettā • maitrī)
Compassion (karuṇā)
Sympathetic joy (muditā)
Equanimity (upekkhā • upekṣā)
Four formless jhānas (arūpajhāna)
Base of the infinity of space (ākāsānañcāyatana)
Base of the infinity of consciousness (viññāṇañcāyatana)
Base of nothingness (ākiñcaññāyatana)
Base of neither-perception-nor-nonperception (nevasaññānāsaññāyatana)
Perception of disgust of food (aharepatikulasanna)
Four Great Elements (mahābhūta)
Earth element (paṭhavī-dhātu)
Water (or liquid) element (āpo-dhātu)
Fire element (tejo-dhātu)
Air (or wind) element (vāyo-dhātu)
Concentration (Samādhi)[
edit]
Main article:
Samadhi (Buddhism) Sign (nimitta)
Learning sign (uggahanimitta)
Counterpart sign (paṭibhāganimitta)
Momentary concentration (khaṇikasamādhi)
Preliminary concentration (parikammasamādhi)
Neighbourhood concentration (upacārasamādhi)
Nine attainments (samāpatti)
Attainment concentration (appanāsamādhi)
Jhāna (Dhyāna) — states of deep meditative concentration marked by the one-pointed fixation of the mind upon its object
Four form jhānas (rūpajhāna)
First jhāna (pathamajjhana)
initial application (vittaka)
sustained application (vicāra)
rapture (pīti)
bliss (sukha)
one-pointedness (ekaggata)
Second jhāna (dutiyajjhana)
rapture (pīti)
bliss (sukha)
one-pointedness (ekaggata)
Third jhāna (tatiyajjhana)
bliss (sukha)
one-pointedness (ekaggata)
Fourth jhāna (catutthajjhana)
one-pointedness (ekaggata)
equanimity (upekkhā • upekṣā)
Four formless jhānas (arūpajhāna)
Base of the infinity of space (ākāsānañcāyatana)
Base of the infinity of consciousness (viññāṇañcāyatana)
Base of nothingness (ākiñcaññāyatana)
Base of neither-perception-nor-nonperception (nevasaññānāsaññāyatana)
Cessation of perception and feeling (nirodha-samāpatti)
Insight meditation (Vipassanā • Vipaśyanā)[
edit]
Main article:
Vipassanā Insight knowledge (vipassanā-ñāṇa)
Vipassana jhanas Eighteen kinds of insight
Contemplation on
impermanence (aniccanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of permanence
Contemplation on
unsatisfactoriness (dukkhanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of real happiness
Contemplation on
non-self (anattanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of self
Contemplation on disenchantment (revulsion) (nibbidanupassana) overcomes affection
Contemplation on dispassion (fading away) (viraganupassana) overcomes greed
Contemplation on cessation (nirodhanupassana) overcomes the arising
Contemplation on giving up (patinissagganupassana) overcomes attachment
Contemplation on dissolution (khayanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of something compact
Contemplation on disappearance (vayanupassana) overcomes kamma-accumulation
Contemplation on changeableness (viparinamanupassana) overcomes the wrong idea of something immutable
Contemplation on the signless (animittanupassana) overcomes the conditions of rebirth
Contemplation on the desireless (appanihitanupassana) overcomes longing
Contemplation on
emptiness (suññatanupassana) overcomes clinging
Higher wisdom and insight (adhipaññadhamma vipassana) overcomes the wrong idea of something substantial
True eye of knowledge (yathabhuta ñanadassana) overcomes clinging to delusion
Contemplation on misery (adinavanupassana) overcomes clinging to desire
Reflecting contemplation (patisankhanupassana) overcomes thoughtlessness
Contemplation on the standstill of existence (vivattanupassana) overcomes being entangled in fetters
Sixteen Stages of Vipassanā Knowledge
Knowledge to distinguish mental and physical states (namarupa pariccheda ñāṇa)
Knowledge of the cause-and-effect relationship between mental and physical states (paccaya pariggaha ñāṇa)
Knowledge of mental and physical processes as impermanent, unsatisfactory and nonself (sammasana ñāṇa)
Knowledge of arising and passing away (udayabbaya ñāṇa)
Knowledge of the dissolution of formations (bhanga ñāṇa)
Knowledge of the fearful nature of mental and physical states (bhaya ñāṇa)
Knowledge of mental and physical states as unsatisfactory (adinava ñāṇa)
Knowledge of disenchantment (nibbida ñāṇa)
Knowledge of the desire to abandon the worldly state (muncitukamayata ñāṇa)
Knowledge which investigates the path to deliverance and instills a decision to practice further (patisankha ñāṇa)
Knowledge which regards mental and physical states with equanimity (sankharupekha ñāṇa)
Knowledge which conforms to the Four Noble Truths (anuloma ñāṇa)
Knowledge of deliverance from the worldly condition (gotrabhu ñāṇa)
Knowledge by which defilements are abandoned and are overcome by destruction (magga ñāṇa)
Knowledge which realizes the fruit of the path and has nibbana as object (phala ñāṇa)
Knowledge which reviews the defilements still remaining (paccavekkhana ñāṇa)
Zen meditation practices[
edit]
Zazen Concentration Kōan — a story, dialogue, question, or statement in Zen, containing aspects that are inaccessible to rational understanding, yet may be accessible to intuition
Shikantaza — just sitting
Vajrayana meditation practices[
edit]
Tonglen Tantra Anuttarayoga Tantra Generation stage Completion stage Margaphala Ngöndro — Four thoughts which turn the mind towards Dharma
The freedoms and advantages of precious
human rebirth The truth of
impermanence and
change The workings of
karma The suffering of living beings within
Samsara Other practices[
edit]
Ahimsa —
Non-violence Appamada — Heedfulness
Chöd — advanced spiritual practice and discipline arising from confluences of
Bonpo,
Mahasidda,
Nyingmapa traditions and now practiced throughout the schools of
Tibetan Buddhism Merit Paritta — Protection
Samvega and pasada Simran Attainment of Enlightenment[
edit]
Enlightenment in BuddhismGeneral[
edit]
Nirvana (Nibbāna • Nirvāṇa) — the final goal of the Buddha's teaching; the unconditioned state beyond the round of rebirths, to be attained by the destruction of the defilements; Full Enlightenment or Awakening, the cessation of
suffering; saupādisesa-nibbāna-dhātu — Nibbāna with residue remaining
Parinirvana (Parinibbāna • Parinirvāṇa) — final passing away of an enlightened person, final Nibbāna, Nibbāna at death; anupādisesa-nibbāna-dhātu — Nibbāna without residue remaining
Bodhi — the awakening attained by the Buddha and his accomplished disciples, referring to insight into the
Four Noble Truths and the
Noble Eightfold Path Types of Buddha Sammāsambuddha (Samyak-saṃbuddha) — one who, by his own efforts, attains Nirvana, having rediscovered the
Noble Eightfold Path after it has been lost to humanity, and makes this Path known to others
Paccekabuddha (Pratyekabuddha) — "a lone Buddha", a self-awakened Buddha, but one who lacks the ability to spread the Dhamma to others
Sāvakabuddha (Śrāvakabuddha) — enlightened 'disciple of a Buddha'. Usual being named
Arhat Theravada[
edit]
Four stages of enlightenment (see also:
Ariya-puggala — Noble Ones)
Sotāpanna — Stream-enterer (first stage of enlightenment) — one who has "opened the eye of the Dhamma", and is guaranteed enlightenment after no more than seven successive rebirths, having eradicated the first three
fetters The four factors leading to stream-entry
Association with superior persons
Hearing the true Dhamma
Careful attention
Practice in accordance with the Dhamma
The four factors of a stream-enterer
Possessing confirmed confidence in the Buddha
Possessing confirmed confidence in the Dhamma
Possessing confirmed confidence in the Sangha
Possessing moral virtues dear to the noble ones
Sakadagami — Once-returner (second stage of enlightenment) — will be reborn into the human world once more, before attaining enlightenment, having eradicated the first three
fetters and attenuated greed, hatred, and delusion
Anāgāmi — Non-returner (third stage of enlightenment) — does not come back into human existence, or any lower world, after death, but is reborn in the "Pure Abodes", where he will attain Nirvāṇa, having eradicated the first five
fetters Arahant — "Worthy One", (see also:
Arhat), a fully enlightened human being who has abandoned all ten
fetters, and who upon decease (Parinibbāna) will not be reborn in any world, having wholly abandoned saṃsāra
Mahayana[
edit]
Bodhisattva — one who has generated bodhicitta, the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood
Bodhisattva Bhumis — stages of enlightenment through which a bodhisattva passes
Zen[
edit]
Satori — a Japanese Buddhist term for "enlightenment", which translates as a flash of sudden awareness, or individual enlightenment
Kensho — "Seeing one's nature"
Buddhist monasticism and laity[
edit]
Buddhist monks on daily alms round.
Buddhist monasticism Disciple 声闻弟子ShengWenDiZi (sāvaka • śrāvaka)
Male lay follower (忧婆塞 YouPoSai) (upāsaka) and
Female lay follower (忧婆夷 YouPoYi) (upāsikā)
Householder 在家弟子ZaiJiaDiZi Dhammacārī — lay devotees who have seriously committed themselves to Buddhist practice for several years
Anāgārika — lay attendant of a monk
近侍Jisha (Japan), JinShi (chinese) — personal attendant of a monastery's abbot or teacher in Chan/Zen Buddhism
Ngagpa — non-monastic male practitioners of such disciplines as Vajrayana, shamanism, Tibetan medicine, Tantra and Dzogchen
Thilashin — Burmese Buddhist female lay renunciant
Mae ji — Buddhist laywomen in Thailand occupying a position somewhere between that of an ordinary lay follower and an ordained monk
Lower ordination (pabbajja • pravrajya)
Novice monk (sāmaṇera • śrāmaṇera)
Novice nun (samaṇerī • śrāmaṇerī)
Higher ordination (upasampadā)
Monk (bhikkhu • bhikṣu)
Nun (bhikkhunī • bhikṣuṇī)
Titles for Buddhist
teachers General
Acariya (Ācārya) — teacher
Upajjhaya (Upādhyāya) — preceptor
Pandita — a learned master, scholar or professor in Buddhist philosophy
Bhante —
Venerable Sir in
Theravada in
Southeast Asia Ayya — commonly used as a veneration in addressing or referring to an ordained Buddhist nun
in
Thailand Ajahn — Thai term which translates as teacher
Luang Por — means "venerable father" and is used as a title for respected senior Buddhist monastics
in
Burma Sayādaw — a Burmese senior monk of a monastery
in
China 和尚,Heshang — high-ranking or highly virtuous Buddhist monk; respectful designation for Buddhist monks in general
僧侣,SengLv — Monk
住持,ZhuChi — Abbot
禅师,ChanShi — Chan/Zen Master
法师,FaShi — Dharma Master
律师,LvShi — Vinaya Master, teacher who focuses on the discipline and precepts
开山祖师,KaiShanZuShi — founder of a school of Buddhism or the founding abbot of a Zen monastery
比丘,BiQiu — transliteration of Bhikkhu
比丘尼,BiQiuNi — transliteration of Bhikkhuni
沙弥,ShaMi — transliteration of Samanera
沙弥尼,ShaMiNi — transliteration of Samaneri
尼姑,NiGu — Nun
论师,LunShi — Abhidharma Master, one who is well versed in the psychology, thesis and higher teachings of Buddhism
师兄,ShiXiong — dharma brothers, used by laity to address each other, note that all male or female lay disciples are called 'Dharma Brothers'
in
Japan Ajari — a Japanese term that is used in various schools of Buddhism in Japan, specifically
Tendai and
Shingon, in reference to a "senior monk who teaches students
和尚 Oshō — high-ranking or highly virtuous Buddhist monk; respectful designation for Buddhist monks in general
in
Zen in
Japan 开山 Kaisan — founder of a school of Buddhism or the founding abbot of a Zen monastery
老师 Roshi — a Japanese honorific title used in Zen Buddhism that literally means "old teacher" or "elder master" and usually denotes the person who gives spiritual guidance to a Zen sangha
先生 Sensei — ordained teacher below the rank of roshi
Zen master — individual who teaches Zen Buddhism to others
in
Korea Sunim — Korean title for a Buddhist monk or Buddhist nun
in
Tibetan Buddhism Geshe — Tibetan Buddhist academic degree for monks
Guru Khenpo — academic degree similar to that of a doctorate or Geshe. Khenpos often are made abbots of centers and monasteries
Khenchen — academic degree similar in depth to post doctorate work. Senior most scholars often manage many Khenpos
Lama — Tibetan teacher of the Dharma
Rinpoche — an honorific which literally means "precious one"
Tulku — an enlightened Tibetan Buddhist lama who has, through phowa and siddhi, consciously determined to take birth, often many times, in order to continue his or her Bodhisattva vow
Major figures of Buddhism[
edit]
List of BuddhistsFounder[
edit]
Gautama Buddha — The Buddha, Siddhattha Gotama (
Pali), Siddhārtha Gautama (
Sanskrit), Śākyamuni (Sage of the Sakya clan), The Awakened One, The Enlightened One, The Blessed One, Tathāgata (Thus Come One, Thus Gone One)
Buddha's disciples and early Buddhists[
edit]
Chief Disciples[
edit]
Sāriputta — Chief disciple, "General of the Dhamma", foremost in wisdom
Mahamoggallāna — Second chief disciple, foremost in psychic powers
Great Disciples[
edit]
Monks[
edit]
Ānanda — Buddha's cousin and personal attendant
Maha Kassapa — Convener of First Buddhist Council
Anuruddha — Half-cousin of the Buddha
Mahakaccana — Foremost in teaching
Nanda — Half-brother of the Buddha
Subhuti Punna Upali — Master of the Vinaya
Nuns[
edit]
Mahapajapati Gotami — Eldest nun, half-mother of Buddha
Khema — First great female disciple in power
Uppalavanna — Second great female disciple
Patacara — Foremost exponent of the
Vinaya, the rules of monastic discipline
Laymen[
edit]
Anathapindika — Chief lay disciple, foremost disciple in generosity
Hatthaka of Alavi Jivaka Citta — the foremost householder for explaining the Teaching
Cunda Laywomen[
edit]
Khujjuttara Velukandakiya Visakha Rohini Sujata First five disciples of the Buddha[
edit]
Kondañña — the first Arahant
Assaji — converted Sāriputta and Mahamoggallāna
Bhaddiya Vappa Mahanama Two seven-year-old Arahants[
edit]
Samanera Sumana Samanera Pandita Other disciples[
edit]
Channa — royal servant and head charioteer of Prince Siddhartha
Angulimala — mass murderer turned saint
Kisa Gotami Later Indian Buddhists (after Buddha)[
edit]
Buddhaghosa — 5th-century Indian Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar, author of the
Visuddhimagga Mahinda — son of Emperor Ashoka
Sanghamitta — daughter of Emperor Ashoka
Nagarjuna — founder of the
Madhyamaka school
Aryadeva — disciple of Nagarjuna
Asanga — exponent of the yogācāra school
Vasubandhu Buddhapālita — commentator on the works of Nagarjuna and Aryadeva
Candrakīrti Dharmakirti Atisha Indo-Greek Buddhists[
edit]
Dharmaraksita Nagasena Chinese Buddhists[
edit]
Bodhidharma Dajian Huineng Ingen Tibetan Buddhists[
edit]
The
14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, a renowned Tibetan
lama.
Je Tsongkhapa Milarepa Longchenpa Marpa Lotsawa Padmasambhava Sakya Pandita Panchen Lama Karmapa Dalai Lama 1st Dalai Lama 2nd Dalai Lama 3rd Dalai Lama 4th Dalai Lama 5th Dalai Lama 6th Dalai Lama 7th Dalai Lama 8th Dalai Lama 9th Dalai Lama 10th Dalai Lama 11th Dalai Lama 12th Dalai Lama 13th Dalai Lama 14th Dalai Lama Japanese Buddhists[
edit]
Saichō Kūkai Hōnen Shinran Dōgen Eisai Nichiren Vietnamese Buddhists[
edit]
Thích Nhất Hạnh Thich
Chan Khong Thich
Thiên Ân Thich Quang Duc Burmese Buddhists[
edit]
Ledi Sayadaw Mahāsī Sayādaw Mother Sayamagyi S. N. Goenka U Ba Khin U Nārada U Pandita Webu Sayadaw Thai Buddhists[
edit]
Ajahn Buddhadasa Ajahn Chah Ajahn Maha Bua Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta Ajahn Thate Sri Lankan Buddhists[
edit]
Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Henepola Gunaratana K. Sri Dhammananda Piyadassi Maha Thera Walpola Rahula American Buddhists[
edit]
Ajahn Sumedho Bhikkhu Bodhi Thanissaro Bhikkhu Brazilian Buddhists[
edit]
Ajahn Mudito Monja Coen Lama Michel Rinpoche British Buddhists[
edit]
Ajahn Amaro Ajahn Brahm Ajahn Khemadhammo Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu Ñāṇavīra Thera Arthur Lillie German Buddhists[
edit]
Ayya Khema Bhikkhu Analayo Muho Noelke Nyanatiloka Nyanaponika Thera Irish Buddhists[
edit]
U Dhammaloka Indian Buddhists[
edit]
Ashoka - Greatest Indian emperor
Bodhisattva B. R. Ambedkar - Father of modern India, Polymath, Revivalist of Buddhism
Buddhist philosophy[
edit]
Buddhist philosophyGolden statue of
Nagarjuna at Samye Ling Monastery.
Abhidharma (Abhidhamma)
Buddhist anarchism Buddhist atomism Buddhism and the body Buddhology Engaged Buddhism Buddhist economics Buddhist eschatology Buddhist ethics Buddhism and abortion Buddhism and euthanasia Buddhism and sexuality Buddhist views on masturbation LGBT topics and Buddhism Buddhism and evolution Four imponderables Fourteen unanswerable questions Questions referring to the world: concerning the
existence of the
world in
time Is the world eternal?
or not?
or both?
or neither?
Questions referring to the world: concerning the existence of the world in
space Is the world finite?
or not?
or both?
or neither?
Questions referring to personal experience
Is the
self identical with the body?
or is it different from the body?
Questions referring to life after death
Does the
Tathagata exist after
death?
or not?
or both?
or neither?
God in Buddhism Humanistic Buddhism Buddhist logic Buddhist mythology Reality in Buddhism Buddhist socialism Buddhist culture[
edit]
Main articles:
Buddhist culture and art and
Cultural elements of BuddhismVesak celebration in Singapore.
Imitation currency burned for ancestors, during the
Ghost FestivalMala, Buddhist prayer beads.
Alms Ango — three-month-long period of intense training for students of
Zen Buddhism
Buddhist architecture Vihara — Buddhist
monastery Wat — monastery temple in
Cambodia,
Thailand,
Lanna or
Laos Thai temple art and architecture Stupa —
mound-like structure containing Buddhist
relics Pagoda — tiered tower with multiple eaves common in
China,
Japan,
Korea,
Vietnam, and other parts of
Asia Zendo — meditation hall in Zen Buddhism
Butsudan — shrine
Buddhist art Greco-Buddhist art Standing Buddha Buddhist poetry Buddhist music Buddha statue Colossal Buddha statues
Tian Tan Buddha Kamakura Great Buddha Grand Buddha at Ling Shan Leshan Giant Buddha Gifu Great Buddha Great Buddha Buddhist calendar Buddhist clothes
Tricivara — Monastic robe
Antaravasaka — Lower robe
Uttarasanga — Upper robe
Sangati — Outer robe
Buddhist cuisine Buddhist vegetarianism Dharani Drubchen — traditional form of meditation retreat in Tibetan Buddhism
Funeral (Buddhism) Buddhist holidays Vesak — birth, enlightenment (Nirvana), and passing away (Parinirvana) of Gautama Buddha
Asalha Puja Magha Puja Uposatha — the Buddhist observance days, falling on the days of the full moon and new moon, when the monks gather to recite the
Pātimokkha and lay people often visit monasteries and temples to undertake the eight precepts
Kathina — festival which comes at the end of Vassa
Kaicho Kīla — three-sided peg, stake, knife, or nail like ritual implement traditionally associated with Indo-Tibetan Buddhism
Mandala — concentric diagram having spiritual and ritual significance
Sand mandala Buddhist prayer beads — Mala
Mantra Om mani padme hum Namo Amituofo Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō Om tare tuttare ture svaha Buddho Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa Buddhist view of marriage Mudra — Symbolic or ritual gesture
Añjali Mudrā — greeting gesture which consists of putting the palms together in front of the chest
Buddhist music Prayer wheel Sarira — Buddhist
relics Sesshin — period of intensive
meditation (
zazen) in a
Zen monastery Buddhist symbolism Dharmacakra — Wheel of Dhamma
Bhavacakra — Wheel of Becoming
Buddhist flag Ensō — Symbol in Zen symbolizing enlightenment, strength, elegance, the Universe, and the void
Thangka Tree of physiology Ashtamangala Vajra — short metal weapon that has the symbolic nature of a diamond
Vassa — Rains retreat
Buddhist pilgrimage[
edit]
Buddhist pilgrimageMahabodhi Temple in India, a common site of pilgrimage.
The Four Main Sites
Lumbini — Buddha's birthplace
Maya Devi Temple Bodh Gaya — Buddha's place of
Enlightenment Mahabodhi Temple Bodhi Tree Sarnath — Place of Buddha's first discourse
Kushinagar — Place of Buddha's
final passing away Four Additional Sites
Sravasti Rajgir Sankassa Vaishali Other Sites
Patna Gaya Kosambi Mathura Kapilavastu Devadaha Kesariya Pava Nalanda Varanasi Later Sites
Sanchi Ratnagiri Ellora Ajantha Bharhut Comparative Buddhism[
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From a 12th-century Greek manuscript: Saint Josaphat preaches the Gospel.
Buddhism and science Buddhism and psychology Buddhism and Theosophy Buddhism and other religions
Buddhism and Eastern religions Buddhism and Hinduism Buddhism and Jainism Buddhism and Christianity Buddhist-Christian Studies Parallels between Buddha and Jesus Buddhism and Gnosticism Gautama Buddha in world religions Other topics related to Buddhism[
edit]
Main article:
Index of Buddhism-related articles Access to Insight — Readings in Theravada Buddhism website
Anuradhapura Mahavihara Abhayagiri Vihara Asceticism Ashoka the Great Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna Bodhimanda (
Bodhimandala)
Bodhisatta — a future Buddha, one destined to attain unsurpassed perfect enlightenment; specifically, it is the term the Buddha uses to refer to himself in the period prior to his enlightenment, both in past lives and in his last life before he attained enlightenment
Bodhisattva Akasagarbha Avalokiteśvara (
Guan Yin)
Guan Yu Ksitigarbha Mahasthamaprapta Metteyya/Maitreya — Future Buddha, successor of Gautama Buddha
Manjusri — the bodhisattva associated with wisdom, doctrine and awareness
Nio Samantabhadra Shantideva Sitatapatra Skanda Supushpachandra Suryaprabha Tara Vajrapani Vasudhara Borobudur — ninth-century Mahayana Buddhist Monument in Magelang, Indonesia
Brahmā — according to the
brahmins, the supreme personal deity, but in the Buddha's teaching, a powerful deity who rules over a high divine state of existence called the brahma world; more generally, the word denotes the class of superior devas inhabiting the form realm
Brahmacharya — the Holy Life
Budai or Hotei — the obese Laughing Buddha, usually seen in China
Buddhas Gautama Buddha Dipankara Buddha Kakusandha Buddha Kassapa Buddha Koṇāgamana Buddha Padumuttara Buddha Adi-Buddha Amitābha — the principal Buddha in the Pure Land sect
Medicine Buddha Buddhas of Bamyan Buddhavacana — the Word of the Buddha
Buddhist calendar Buddhist Initiation Ritual — a public ordination ceremony wherein a lay student of
Zen Buddhism receives certain Buddhist precepts, "a rite in which they publicly avow allegiance to 'The Three Refuges' of Buddhist practice: The Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha
Buddhist Publication Society — a charity whose goal is to explain and spread the doctrine of the Buddha
Buddhist studies Cambridge Buddhist Association Chakravartin — Wheel-turning Monarch
Critical Buddhism Dalit Buddhist movement Deva — a deity or god; the beings inhabiting the heavenly worlds, usually in the sense-sphere realm but more broadly in all three realms
Dhammakaya Wat Phra Dhammakaya Dhammakaya Movement Dhammakaya meditation Dharma name Dharma talk Dharma transmission Diamond Way Buddhism Dipavamsa Eight Thoughts of a Great Man[
citation needed]
This
Dhamma is for one who wants little, not for one who wants much.
This Dhamma is for the
contented, not for the discontented.
This Dhamma is for the
secluded, not for one fond of
society.
This Dhamma is for the
energetic, not for the
lazy.
This Dhamma is for the
mindful, not for the unmindful.
This Dhamma is for the
composed, not for the uncomposed.
This Dhamma is for the
wise, not for the unwise.
This Dhamma is for one who is free from impediments, not for one who delights in impediments
Empowerment European Buddhist Union Five Dhyani Buddhas Vairocana Akshobhya Amitābha Ratnasambhava Amoghasiddhi Five Pure Lights Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition Friends of the Western Buddhist Order Gandhabba Gandhāran Buddhist Texts Glossary of Japanese Buddhism Hinayana — "Inferior vehicle", often interpreted as a pejorative term used in Mahayana doctrine to refer to the early Buddhist schools
Icchantika Inka International Buddhist College Jambudvipa — lit., "rose-apple island," the
Indian subcontinent Jetavana Kalachakra Kalpa (aeon) — an
aeon or cosmic cycle, the period of time it takes for a world system to arise, evolve, dissolve, and persist in a state of disintegration before a new cycle begins
Kanthaka — Prince Siddhartha's favourite white horse
Kegon King Ajatasattu King Bimbisara King Milinda King Pasenadi Kosala Kwan Um School of Zen Laughing Buddha Life release - Practice of saving the lives of beings destined for slaughter
Lineage Liturgical languages in
Theravada Pāḷi in
Mahayana Sanskrit Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Luang Prabang Mahasati meditation Mahavamsa Māra — "The Evil One" or "Tempter"; a malevolent deity who tries to prevent people from practicing the Dhamma and thereby escaping the round of rebirths
Klesa-māra, or Māra as the embodiment of all unskillful emotions
Mrtyu-māra, or Māra as death, in the sense of the ceaseless round of birth and death
Skandha-māra, or Māra as metaphor for the entirety of conditioned existence
Devaputra-māra, or Māra the son of a deva (god), that is, Māra as an objectively existent being rather than as a metaphor
Medicine Buddha Monasteries Angkor Wat Phra Pathom Chedi Shaolin Monastery Shwedagon Pagoda Wat Phra Dhammakaya Wat Phra Kaew Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep Nāga — the Serpent King
Nikāya Nikaya Buddhism Noble Silence Pali Text Society Perfection of Wisdom School Persecution of Buddhists Phra Pathom Chedi Preaching Purity in Buddhism Pyrrhonism Ramifications of the Buddha concept Saddhamma — True Dhamma
Sakka — the King of gods
Samaṇa Six samana
Purana Kassapa Makkhali Gosala Ajita Kesakambali Pakudha Kaccayana Nigaṇṭha Nātaputta (Mahavira) Sanjaya Belatthaputta Samāpatti — correct acquisition of Truth
Sāsana — Dispensation
Shakya — ancient kingdom of Iron Age India, Siddhartha Gautama's clan
Shambhala Buddhism Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism Sumeru — central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology
Sutra The birth of Buddha (Lalitavistara) The Path to Nirvana Three Ages of Buddhism Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma Triratna Buddhist Community True Buddha School Two foremost teachers (two persons which one can never pay back gratitude-debts in full)
One's
mother One's
father Vipassana movement Women in Buddhism World Buddhist Sangha Council World Fellowship of Buddhists Yakkha — a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, who are caretakers of the natural treasures hidden in the earth and tree roots
Yama — King of
Death Yana — Vehicle
Śrāvakayāna — the hearer vehicle
Pratyekayana — the individual vehicle
Bodhisattvayāna
Young Buddhist Association Young Men's Buddhist Association Zabuton — rectangular meditation
cushion Zafu — round meditation cushion
Lists[
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Glossary of Buddhism Index of Buddhism-related articles List of Buddhas List of the twenty-eight Buddhas List of Buddha claimants List of bodhisattvas List of Buddhists List of modern scholars in Buddhist studies List of suttas in
Theravada List of Digha Nikaya suttas List of Majjhima Nikaya suttas List of Samyutta Nikaya suttas List of Anguttara Nikaya suttas List of Khuddaka Nikaya suttas in
Mahayana Mahayana sutras List of books related to Buddhism List of Buddhist temples Buddhist temples in Japan List of Buddhist temples in Kyoto Korean Buddhist temples List of Buddhist Architecture in China List of Buddhist temples in Thailand List of writers on Buddhism Buddha games list See also[
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Religion portal Outline of religion Charts[
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Dhamma chart in English
Dhamma chart in the Pali language
Notes[
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^ Cousins, L.S. (1996); Buswell (2003), Vol. I, p. 82; and, Keown & Prebish (2004), p. 107. See also, Gombrich (1988/2002), p. 32: “…[T]he best we can say is that [the Buddha] was probably Enlightened between 550 and 450, more likely later rather than earlier."
^ Williams (2000, pp. 6-7) writes: "As a matter of fact Buddhism in mainland India itself had all but ceased to exist by the thirteenth century CE, although by that time it had spread to Tibet, China, Japan, and Southeast Asia."
[1] (Originally 1958), "Chronology," p. xxix: "c. 1000-1200: Buddhism disappears as [an] organized religious force in India." See also, Robinson & Johnson (1970/1982), pp. 100-1, 108 Fig. 1; and, Harvey (1990/2007), pp. 139-40.
References[
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^ Embree 1988.
^ Gethin, Rupert. The Foundations of Buddhism, p1. Oxford University Press, 1998.
^ "The World Factbook: Sri Lanka". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2006-08-12..
^ Keown, Damien (2003), A Dictionary of Buddhism: p. 38
^ "The Mahayana, 'Great Vehicle' or 'Great Carriage' (for carrying all beings to nirvana), is also, and perhaps more correctly and accurately, known as the Bodhisattvayana, the bodhisattva's vehicle." - Warder, A.K. (3rd edn. 1999). Indian Buddhism: p.338
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