Showing posts with label contemplative. Show all posts
Showing posts with label contemplative. Show all posts

2022/01/07

'Beauty is truth, truth beauty (Keats )

Keats:
'Beauty is truth, truth beauty.' 

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Huxley:

The experience of beauty in art or in nature may be qualita­tively akin to the immediate, unitive experience of the divine Ground or Godhead; 
but it is not the same as that experience,

and the particular beauty-fact experienced, though partaking in some sort of the divine nature, is at several removes from the Godhead. 

The poet, the nature lover, the aesthete are granted apprehensions of Reality analogous to those vouch­safed to the selfless contemplative; 

but because they have not troubled to make themselves perfectly selfless, they are in­capable of knowing the divine Beauty in its fullness, as it is in itself. 

We Walk the Path Together: 깨어있음 - 지금 이 순간에 대한 탐구 Brian J. Pierce | Goodreads

We Walk the Path Together: 
Learning from Thich Nhat Hanh and Meister Eckhart 
by Brian J. Pierce 
Kang-nam Oh
1 h  · 
책 이야기
불광출판사에서 브라이언 피어스라는 베네딕토 계 가톨릭 신부의 책 <We Walk Together: Leaning from Thich Nhat Hanh and Meister Eckhart>라는 책을 <깨어있음: 지금 이 순간에 대한 탐구>라는 제목으로 번역출판했습니다.  피어스 신부가 이 책을 위해 주로 참고하고 인용한 틱낫한 스님의 책, <살아계신 붓다, 살아계신 예수>와 <귀향>이라는 두 책을 제가 오래 전에 번역해 낸 적이 있는데, 그 인연으로 저에게 추천사를 쓰라고 부탁한 것 같습니다. 그 책이 방금 나와서 거기 쓴 추천사를 여기 옮깁니다.  페친들 중 불교와 그리스도교가 어떻게 서로 어울릴 수 있는가에 관심있으신 분들은 이 책을 좋아하실 것 같습니다. 
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미국의 영향력 있는 가톨릭계 출판사인 Orbis Books는 세계적 신학자 폴 닛터Paul F. Knitter의 책들을 비롯하여 종교간 대화에 대한 책을 많이 내고 있다. 이 출판사에서 나온 책을 불교서적 전문인 불광출판사에서 번역하기로 한 것에 우선 축하의 박수를 보내고 싶다. 

 이 자체가 종교간 대화를 위한 노력을 보여주는 상징적인 사건이라고 여겨지기 때문이다.
저자 브라이언 피어스 신부는 가톨릭 전통의 관상기도뿐 아니라 세계 여러 곳에서 다양한 영성수행을 직접 체험한 후, “위대한 영성전통들을 연결하는 지하수맥을 응시하게 되었다.”고 고백한다.

그러다가 틱낫한 스님의 글을 접한 저자는 “불교의 가르침이 그리스도인으로 하여금 자기 전통을 재발견하게 한다.”고 한다.  “죽음 이후의 삶을 과도하게 염려하여” 윤리적 측면을 지나치게 강조하는 그리스도교의 일반적 경향성 때문에 “영성생활을 통한 자유와 환희를 만끽할 수 없는 위험”을 경고하며, 지금 이 순간에 천국을 체험하게 하는 ‘마음챙김’의 영성수행을 강조한다.

피어스 신부는 이런 수행이 그리스도교 전통에도 있는데, 특히 중세의 위대한 신비주의[심층] 신학자 마이스터 에크하르트의 가르침과 일맥상통한다는 것을 밝히고 있다.

이 책이 불교와 그리스도교를 이어주는 교량 역할을 하게 되리라 믿는다.  이는 종교들이 심층에서는 서로 통한다는 필자의 평소 지론이기도 하다.  이 책의 출판을 크게 기뻐하며 적극 추천하고 싶다.
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추천사를 원고지 4매 정도로 쓰라고 해서 좋은 내용들을 소개하지 못하는데, 주옥 같은 생각 몇 가지만 예를 들면, 성경에 나오는 열처녀 비유에서 “깨어 있으라”라는 것은 미래에 올 신랑을 위해 깨어 있으라는 뜻이기 보다는 

지금 여기 우리에게 임하는 은총에 눈을 뜨는 것이라 풀이한다.  '붓다'라는 이름이 '깨어난 자' '각자'가 아니던가. 또 탕자 비유도 돌아오는 탕자를 두 팔 별려 반기는 아버지의 '사랑' 이야기이라기보다 자기의 진정한 고향으로부터 떠났다가 다시 “돌아옴”을 이야기하는 것으로 풀고 있다.  

모세에게 “네가 서 있는 땅은 거룩한 땅”이라고 한 말도 우리가 마음챙김을 수행하면서 걸으면 한 걸음 한 걸음이 거룩한 땅을 디디는 것“이라고 한다. 하느님의 현존에서 걸어가기 때문이라고.*

즐독하소서.
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깨어있음 - 지금 이 순간에 대한 탐구   
브라이언 피어스 (지은이),박문성 (옮긴이)불광출판사2021-12-31
원제 : We Walk the Path Together (2005년)

책소개그리스도교와 불교의 영적인 생각과 지혜를 하나로 묶는 데 꾸준한 관심을 보여온 브라이언 피어스 신부의 저서. 저자에게 영감을 준 두 명의 영성 대가는 14세기 독일의 영성가 마이스터 에크하르트 신부와 현대의 틱낫한 스님이다. 저자는 시대적으로 동떨어져 있는, 게다가 아주 다른 종교적 전통에 속해 있는 두 사람을 한 자리에 불러 대화를 시도한다. 그가 주목한 것은 불교의 마음챙김(mindfulness). 지금 이 순간에 집중하는 마음챙김 수행을 통해 저자는 하느님을 만나는 자리, 하느님 나라는 오직 지금뿐임을 깨닫기에 이른다.

종교간 대화를 통해 더 나은 그리스도인으로 성숙했다고 한 저자의 고백처럼, 그리스도인들은 이 책을 통해 그리스도교 전통에 잠들어 있던 보석 같은 가르침들을 발견하게 될 것이다. 또 불교도들은 마음챙김이라는 익숙한 수행이 불교에 국한되지 않는 보편타당성을 갖고 있음을 알게 될 것이다. 무엇보다 마음챙김 수행이야말로 해탈로 가는 여정의 든든한 동반자가 될 수 있음을 깨닫게 될 것이다.

분명한 견해 차이에도 불구하고, 책 전반에 흐르는 두 종교의 조용하고 평온한 어울림은 자신과 다른 것에 마음을 여는 ‘관대함’ 덕분이다. 두 영성가의 지혜와 깨달음이 담긴 아름다운 언어들은 우리를 단순히 도량 넓은 인간이 아니라 균형 잡힌 인간으로 이끈다. 궁극적으로 이 책은 그리스도교와 불교도만이 아니라 분열과 다툼, 갈등으로 메말라가는 현대 사회를 구원해줄 깊은 물줄기가 되어 줄 것이다.
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추천사
한국어판 추천사
감사의 말

머리말

제1장. 관대함
1. 대화의 음악
2. 관대함의 실천
3. 대화의 위험

제2장. 마음챙김과 영원한 현재
1. 지금 이 순간
2. 귀향
3. 하느님은 우리와 함께 있다
4. 봄으로서의 깨어 있음

제3장. 성령의 숨결
1. 숨쉬기를 다시 배우기
2. 하느님 마음에서 흘러넘치는 생명수
3. 다양한 소리, 그러나 하나의 성령
4. 사랑의 마음

제4장. 물과 물결
1. 물에 흠뻑 젖은 근거
2. 바다의 물 한 방울
3. 세례와 살아 있는 물
4. 이름을 부름
5. 의지 또는 은총
6. 성사
7. 물 만지기, 하느님 만지기

제5장. 예수와 하느님
1. 사랑의 순례로서 삼위일체
2. 삼위일체와 상호의존적 존재
3. 위대한 숨

제6장. 그리스도
1. 은총
2. 하느님의 말씀
3. 붓다의 몸, 그리스도의 몸
4. 성체

제7장. 고통
1. 사성제(四聖諦)
2. 이욕(離欲)

제8장. 고통에서 오는 연민
1. 깊이 들여다보기
2. 연민, 위험을 무릅쓴 사랑
3. 사랑의 실천

제9장. 십자가라는 나무
1. 자유로 가는 길
2. 생명의 나무인 십자가
3. 십자가의 형상
4. 그는 고통을 피하지 않았다

제10장. 활짝 피어오른 사랑
1. 그리스도의 몸을 어루만지기
2. 비폭력적 사랑의 십자가
3. 무엇이든, 단지 있다
4. 평정심과 십자가
5. 옆으로 누워 있는 붓다

맺음말 : 여정과 발우

옮긴이의 말
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책속에서
P. 89 그리스도인은 하느님의 현존 안에 사는 것, 하느님의 견고한 사랑에서 안식을 얻는 것이야말로 인간의 마음이 참으로 갈구하는 바라고 믿는다. 그런 사랑을 느끼려면 깨어 있는 상태로 주의를 기울이면서 살아야 한다. 태이가 가르치는 마음챙김 수행이 바로 그것이다.
P. 101~102 “내일을 걱정하지 마라.” 이것은 지금 이 순간에 자유를 만끽하며 사는 것이다. 즉 지금 여기에서 눈을 부릅뜨고 하느님의 현존과 섭리를 바라보는 것이다. 그리고 마음을 다해 살아가는 것이다. 태이는 마음의 산란함과 태만이 마음챙김 수행을 방해하는 적이라고 규정한다. 에크하르트는 집착이 지금 여기에서 하느님을 기다리는 자유를 앗아간... 더보기
P. 137 일상에서 사랑에 대한 가르침을 실천하려 할 때마다, 우리는 매번 장애물을 만난다. 또 그것을 넘어가지 못하고 혼란에 빠지곤 한다. 태이는 매일 마음챙김 수행을 하면 그것을 극복할 수 있다고 말한다. 마음챙김 수행은 가장 깊은 곳에 있는 것과 만나는 법을 배우는 것이다. 그것을 통해 이웃이 지닌 마음과 만날 수 있다. 그것이 하느님... 더보기
P. 154 씨앗과 같은 우리는 ‘충만한 생명’을 주는 하느님의 존재 그 자체까지 완전히 성장한다. 물방울이나 물결이 “바다가 된다.”라는 에크하르트와 태이의 말이 진실이라면, 그 다음에 어떤 일이 일어날까? 우리는 그저 소멸하는 것일까? 우리가 하느님에게 녹아들어 가면 무슨 일이 일어날까? 이런 의문들에 대해, 에크하르트는 지혜를 지닌 스승... 더보기
P. 214 그리스도인은 의문을 갖는다. 어떻게 하느님께 돌아간단 말인가? 그러면 태이는 간단하게 대답한다. “마음챙김 수행을 통해서 돌아갑니다.” 그리스도인도 이 가르침을 따를 수 있다. 마음을 다한 영성수련을 통해 삼위일체가 신학서적의 굴레에서 벗어나 일상 안에 실재할 수 있다.
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추천글

“이 책이 불교와 그리스도교를 이어 주는 교량 역할을 하게 되리라 믿는다. 이는 종교들이 심층에서는 서로 통한다는 필자의 평소 지론이기도 하다. 이 책의 출판을 크게 기뻐하며 적극 추천하고 싶다.” - 오강남 (종교학자, 캐나다 리자이나 대학교 명예교수) 

“바야흐로 이런 종류의 책이 대중의 손에 잡힐 때가 되었나 보다. 흐르는 세월과 더불어 변하는 세상을 누가 말릴 것인가? 고맙고 반가운 일이다.” - 이현주 

“책 읽기를 마치자 내 마음은 헤아릴 수 없는 기쁨으로 벅차올랐다. 그것은 현명한 벗과 함께한 시간과 이 책을 다 읽고 나면 벗이 되었다고 느낄 대부분의 독자와 함께한 시간에 대한 기쁨이다. 하지만 나는 조용하고 평온하게 가야 할 여정이 남아 있다는 느낌 또한 갖게 되었다. 이 여정은 다음 비행기를 타기 위해 전력질주하는 사람처럼 달려가는 것이 아니라, 하느님 나라는 오직 지금뿐이라는 것을 알고 매 순간들을 살아가는 것이다.” - 티모시 래드클리프 

“곳곳에서 보석들이 빛나고 있었다. 마지막 장을 덮으며 책과의 대화가 막을 내렸다. 그 사이에 내 인생의 키가 훌쩍 자라 있음을 느낀다. 삶의 기적이 만남과 대화를 통해 이루어지고 있음을 우린 무수히 경험하고 있다.” - 도법 (스님(인드라망생명공동체 대표)) 

“이 책은 불자 혹은 그리스도인이 다른 종교적 체험으로 ‘건너감’을 가능하게 할 것이다. 그리고 새로운 통찰과 함께 자신의 종교로 ‘되돌아옴’에 이르게 하는 길잡이가 될 것이다.” - 박재찬 
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저자 및 역자소개
브라이언 피어스 (Brian J. Pierce) (지은이) 
저자파일
 
신간알리미 신청
도미니코 수도회 신부. 라틴아메리카와 카리브제도의 도미니코 가족수도회의 성소 담당자, 도미니코 관상수녀회 총장의 지도신부였다. 이후 전임 순회 설교사로 돌아왔다. 가톨릭과 불교, 두 종교의 영적인 생각과 지혜를 하나로 묶는 데 관심을 기울여 왔으며, 2005년 출간한 이 책을 통해 종교간 대화가 서로의 목표와 영적 실천을 더 풍부히 할 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 저서로 『예수와 탕자 : 전적인 자비의 하느님(Jesus and the Prodigal Son: The God of Radical Mercy)』이 있다.
최근작 : <깨어있음> … 총 2종 (모두보기)

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박문성 (옮긴이) 
저자파일
 
신간알리미 신청
천주교 서울대교구 소속 신부. 가톨릭대학교 신학대학원에서 신학 석사학위를 취득하고 1995년 사제 서품을 받았다. 한국인이 가진 종교적 심성의 뿌리를 이해하기 위해 1998년 동국대학교 불교대학 인도철학과에 학부 편입, 2007년 논문 「『깨달음 달의 출현』의 해탈관 연구」로 철학 박사학위를 받았다. 2009년부터 2019년까지 가톨릭대학교 동양철학 교수로 재직했다. 2007년부터 한국천주교 주교회의 교회일치와 종교간 대화위원회 위원으로서 종교간 대화에 참여해 왔으며, 2019년부터 동 위원회에서 총무를 맡고 있다. 역서로 『산스크... 더보기
최근작 : … 총 2종 (모두보기)

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브라이언 피어스(지은이)의 말
나는 종교간 대화의 여정 덕분에 더 나은 예수의 제자가 되었다고 확신한다. 여기서 ‘더 나은’이 적절한 표현이 아닐 수 있다. 나는 다른 영성전통의 가르침과 수행을 통해 예수의 가르침을 비추어 보았고, 이제는 살아 있는 예수 그리스도를 보다 명확하게 볼 수 있게 되었다고 해야할 것 같다. 여전히 나는 유랑하는 순례자다. 때로는 내가 시작했던 그날만큼이나 길이 어둡고 불확실하게 느껴진다. 그러나 자신의 현존과 예수의 현존과 하느님의 현존과 붓다를 비롯한 시대를 초월한 많은 남녀 선인들의 현존을 느끼면서 나는 그들과 함께 걷는다. 현존은 현재 순간을 성심성의껏 살아가면 살아갈수록 더 현실화된다. 태이는 내가 현재 이 순간에 머무는 법을 익히도록 도와주었다. 태이는 자신의 마음과 영성전통의 문을 내게 열어 주었다. 그 덕분에 나는 내 자신의 영성여정에서 더 온전하게 고향으로 돌아올 수 있었다.
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출판사 소개
불광출판사 

최근작 : <깨어있음>,<호흡 그리기>,<어린이를 위한 마음챙김 워크북>등 총 475종
대표분야 : 불교 1위 (브랜드 지수 369,712점) 

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출판사 제공 책소개


신은 누구인가? 신은 어디 있는가?
신은 어떻게 고통을 치유하는가?
그리고 구원은 무엇인가?

인류의 오래된 질문, ‘마음챙김’으로 답하다!

“모든 종교의 뿌리에는 하나의 수맥이 흐른다.” 종교간 대화를 통해 이웃 종교의 가르침에 진지하게 접근하면, 그 이웃 종교의 가르침을 통해 내 종교의 가르침을 더욱 깊이 있게 이해할 수 있다. 이 책의 저자인 브라이언 피어스 신부는 종교간 대화를 통해 얻을 수 있는 풍요로운 결실을 인상적으로 그려낸다.
저자 브라이언 피어스 신부는 틱낫한 스님이 설명하는 마음챙김 수행에 주목하는 한편, 불교의 마음챙김 수행을 연상시키는 ‘깨어있음’이라는 신앙적 실천이 그리스도교의 가르침, 특히 중세 독일의 신비주의자인 마이스터 에크하르트의 가르침에 이미 존재하고 있었음을 보여준다.
이 책의 목표는 불교와 그리스도교의 종교간 대화라는 관점에서 불교의 마음챙김과 그리스도교의 ‘깨어있음’을 비교하고 설명하는 데 머물지 않는다. 이 책은 그리스도교의 ‘깨어있음’이 갖는 중요성에 주목할 것과, ‘깨어있음’을 일상의 영성생활에서 적극적으로 실천할 것을 주문한다. 이 책은 그것이야말로 우리들 자신의 삶으로 예수를 부활시키는 길이고, 제도권 교회에 갇혀 있는 그리스도교 신앙에 참된 생명력을 불어넣는 길임을 생생하게 보여준다.
하느님이 누구이고 어떻게 이 현실에 역사하는지에 대한 답변 역시 이러한 맥락에서 제시된다. 영원한 하느님은 오로지 지금 이 순간에만 현존한다. 우리는 마음챙김 혹은 ‘깨어있음’을 실천함으로써 그러한 하느님과 만나게 된다. 그 만남을 통해 우리는 분열된 세계의 일치를 이루어 낼 수 있고, 서로의 경계를 초월한 참된 사랑을 할 수 있으며, 불가항력적인 고통 속에서도 평정을 누릴 수 있다. 우리의 삶을 구원하고 우리의 시대와 세계를 구원할 수 있는 길은 바로 이 지점에서 열리기 시작한다.
이 책은 그리스도인과 불교도 모두가 읽어야 할 책이다. 저자는 종교간 대화에 참여함으로써 더 나은 그리스도인으로 성숙했다고 고백한다. 저자가 그러했던 것처럼 그리스도인들 역시 이 책을 통해 그리스도교 전통에 잠들어 있던 보석 같은 가르침들을 발견하게 될 것이다. 그리고 그 발견을 통해 더 깊이 있는 신앙인으로 거듭날 수 있을 것이다.
불교도들은 이 책을 통해 마음챙김이라는 익숙한 수행이 불교에 국한되지 않는 보편타당성을 갖고 있음을 알게 될 것이다. 그리고 마음챙김 수행이야말로 해탈로 가는 여정의 든든한 동반자가 될 수 있음을 새삼 깨닫게 될 것이다.

이웃 종교의 가르침을 통해
내 종교의 가르침을 더욱 깊이 이해하려는 대담한 여정

이 책의 저자인 브라이언 피어스 신부(Brian J. Pierce) 신부는 틱낫한 스님에 의해 널리 알려지게 된 불교 전통의 수행인 마음챙김(mindfulness)에 주목한다. 마음챙김 수행에서 영감을 받은 저자는 그리스도교 전통의 여러 가르침, 특히 중세 독일의 신비주의자였던 마이스터 에크하르트 신부의 가르침에 나타나는 그리스도교적 “깨어있음”을 재발견하고, 그것을 통해 새로운 영성생활의 길을 찾아 나선다.
예수는 악마에게 사로잡힌 딸을 치유해 줄 것을 청하는 이방인 여인과 대화를 나누었다. 종교와 전통이 다른 이방인과 대화하는 것은 당시의 문화적, 종교적 규범에 위배되는 것이었지만, 예수는 그러한 위험을 감수하고 그녀의 말을 경청했다. 저자는 마태오복음에 기록된 이 일화를 예수가 몸소 보여준 좋은 대화의 사례로 든다. 그리스도교 전통에 본래 있던 대화의 정신은 한때 희미해지기도 했으나 현대에 들어와서 제2차 바티칸 공의회에서 가톨릭교회가 선포한 「비그리스도교와 교회의 관계에 대한 선언 : 우리시대」에 보이는 이웃 종교에 대한 존중의 태도로 부활한다. 그리고 40년 후, 성 교황 요한 바오로 2세는 종교간 대화는 사랑의 다른 표현이라고 강조하기에 이른다. 가톨릭 신부인 저자는 자신이 속한 전통 안에 숨 쉬고 있었던 이러한 대화의 정신을 인식한다. 그리고 그리스도교라는 범주를 넘어 불교의 가르침에 접근해 간다.

마음챙김으로 재발견하는 그리스도교의 ‘깨어있음’

틱낫한의 가르침을 통해 저자는 불교의 마음챙김(mindfulness) 수행을 발견한다. 마음챙김은 지금 이 순간에 집중하는 것이고, 이를 통해 일상의 매 순간을 생기 넘치고 깊이 있게 사는 것이다. 마음챙김을 통해 삶을 성심성의껏 살아가면 참된 삶을 맛볼 수 있다. 이것이 삶에서 일어나는 참된 기적이다.
불교의 마음챙김 수행은 그리스도교 전통의 ‘깨어있음’이 갖는 가치를 재발견하는 것을 돕는다. 그리스도교는 여러 가지 방식으로 깨어있음을 설명한다. 하느님의 아들인 예수가 구원사업을 완성하기 위해 인간의 본성을 취한 강생(降生)의 신비는 하느님의 말씀이 지금 이 순간 바로 이곳에 존재한다는 것을 보여준다. 이것을 알게 해 주는 것이 깨어있음이다. 마태오복음에 나오는 “그러니 너희도 준비하고 있어라, 너희가 생각하지도 않은 때에 사람의 아들이 올 것이기 때문이다,”라는 구절, 그리고 신랑을 기다리며 깨어 있는 열명의 신부들의 이야기가 말하고자 하는 바 또한 이 깨어있음이다. 현대의 영성가인 토머스 머튼 또한 깨어 있으면서 주시하는 것이 영성생활에서 중요하다고 강조한다.
에크하르트는 마음챙김 혹은 깨어있음을 ‘민첩한 인식’이라고 부른다. 에크하르트는 이것을 “모든 일에서 자기 자신과 자기 내적 존재에 대한 민첩한 인식”으로 설명한다. 그것은 눈을 크게 뜨고 정신을 집중하여 모든 것 안에서 하느님을 인지하는 것이고, 그럼으로써 지금 이 순간에 숨겨진 경이로움을 보는 것이다. 에크하르트는 “오늘을 무엇이라 말할까?”라고 자문하고 “영원”이라고 답한다. 지금 여기에 현존하는 하느님이 영원이다. 바로 이 순간이 영원한 현재다. 하느님을 만날 수 있는 유일한 시간과 공간은 오로지 지금 여기뿐이다. 우리는 지금 여기에서의 ‘민첩한 인식’을 통해 하느님을 만난다.

깨어있음, 하느님을 만나기 위해 필요한 것

잠든 사람은 하느님을 만날 수 없다. 예수가 죽은 뒤 걱정과 슬픔에 사로잡혀 엠마오 마을로 가던 예수의 두 제자가 그들이 만난 나그네가 예수임을 알아보지 못하는 것처럼, 삶의 온갖 걱정과 슬픔에서 벗어나지 못하는 우리들도 지금 이 순간에 대한 마음챙김 혹은 깨어있음을 실천하지 못하고 살아간다. 하지만 우리는 마음챙김 혹은 깨어있음을 통해 지금 이 순간에 있는 하느님을 만날 때 비로소 자유롭게 된다. 루카복음에 나오는 탕자가 집에 돌아왔을 때 아버지의 따뜻한 환대를 받게 되는 것처럼, 우리는 지금 이 순간을 성심성의껏 살아감으로써 참된 자기를 발견할 때 은총을 받게 된다. 엠마오로 가는 길에서 부활한 그리스도를 만난 두 제자는 자문한다. “우리의 마음이 타오르지 않았던가?” 예수의 두 제자의 마음속에 타올랐던 불길, 즉 살아 있는 그리스도와의 신비적인 만남은 우리의 마음속에서도 항상 타올라야 한다. 그때 하느님 나라는 먼 곳에, 혹은 먼 미래에 존재하는 것이 아니라 지금 여기에 현존하면서 모습을 드러내게 된다. 즉 “하느님 나라는 바로 지금이다.”
지금까지 그리스도교는 ‘이런 이런 것을 해서는 안 된다’라는 윤리적 계명을 강조하는 경향이 있었고, 그 결과 영성생활이 즐겁고 마음 벅찬 삶의 한 형태임을 충분히 보여주지 못했다. 하지만 그리스도교 전통의 깨어있음을 실천한다면, 즉 지금 이 순간에 현존하는 하느님을 항상 인식하며 살아간다면 활기찬 영성생활을 되살려낼 수 있다.

마음챙김 혹은 깨어있음의 힘 1 : 분열된 세계가 일치에 이른다.

마음챙김 혹은 깨어있음을 통해 우리는 우리 안에 머무는 하느님과의 합일을 경험하며, 이때 우리에게 성령이 강림한다. 성령은 모든 것을 완전히 살아 있게 하고, 완전히 실재하고 하고, 완전히 하나가 되게 하는 하느님의 힘이다. 성령은 분열된 세계를 하나로 일치시킨다. 성령이 이룩한 조화와 평화 속에서 우리를 서로 갈라놓는 경계는 더 이상 문제가 되지 않는다. “신자들의 공동체는 한마음 한뜻이 되어, 아무도 자기 소유를 자기 것이라 하지 않고 모든 것을 공동으로 소유하였다.”(사도행전 4장 32절) 그래서 에크하르트는 말한다. “하느님이 모든 것 안에 현존한다는 것을 아는 그 사람만이 평화를 안다.”
성령의 힘이 이루어 낸 일치 속에서 우리는 모든 곳에서 그리스도를 본다. 병에 걸린 채 길거리에 쓰러져 있는 사람의 몸이 그리스도의 몸이고, 고통받는 이의 비참한 모습이 그리스도의 모습이며, 나를 모욕하고 해치려는 이의 분노에 찬 얼굴이 그리스도의 얼굴임을 본다. 사도 바오로가 말한 것처럼 “여러분은 그리스도의 몸이고 한 사람 한 사람이 지체입니다.”(1코린토 12장 27절) 이러한 그리스도를 볼 수 있을 때 우리의 마음에는 사랑이 가득하게 된다. 성령의 힘에 의해 하느님과 모든 피조물은 사랑의 마음에서 하나가 된다. 사랑하는 마음으로 사는 매 순간이 성령에게 개방된 순간이다. 우리가 누군가를 사랑하는 것이 곧 하느님이 일상에서 역사하는 모습이다. 그래서 에크하르트는 말한다. “우리가 누군가를 사랑하고 있다면, 그 사랑은 성령이다.”

마음챙김 혹은 깨어있음의 힘 2 : 고통을 무릅쓴 사랑을 감행한다.

틱낫한은 마음챙김의 한 형태인 ‘깊이 들여다보기’를 실천하라고 이야기한다. 그것은 관찰자와 대상 사이의 구분이 사라질 정도로 집중된 상태에서 사물 또는 사람을 들여다보는 것이며, 우리 자신의 정서적 색안경을 벗고 대상을 있는 그대로 보는 것이다. ‘깊이 들여다보기’를 행할 때 우리의 눈은 기만과 이기주의와 죄로부터 치유된다. 그리고 비로소 하느님의 눈 부신 빛으로 이웃을 볼 수 있게 된다.
이러한 눈으로 이웃의 고통을 들여다볼 때 우리의 마음속에서 연민이 싹튼다. 누군가에 대한 연민의 마음 갖고 산다는 것은 그 누군가에 대한 사랑이 고통을 수반할 가능성까지 받아들이는 것이다. 사랑에 따르는 고통이야말로 연민이 의미하는 모든 것이다.
예수의 삶은 고통을 무릅쓴 사랑이 어떤 것인지를 잘 보여준다. 예수의 가르침과 활동은 소외되고 가난하며 사회에서 버림받은 사람들과 함께하는 것이었다. 그는 나환자를 끌어안았고, 창녀와 간음한 사람을 용서했으며, 죄인 또는 세리와 함께 식사했다. 예수의 이러한 행동은 당시 율법에 어긋나는 것이었으며, 그 역시 이 점을 분명히 알고 있었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 예수는 마음속 깊은 곳에서 그렇게 행동해야만 한다고 확신했다. 하느님이 사랑하는 방식이 바로 그러한 것이기 때문이었다. 하지만 종교적, 정치적 권력에 도취된 당시의 지배층은 예수의 행동이 그들의 기득권을 위협한다고 생각하였고, 결국 그들은 예수를 죽였다.
예수의 삶과 죽음은 하느님의 사랑이 고통을 무릅쓰는 것임을 증명한다. 하느님은 고통이 무엇인지 알고 있으며, 그들의 아픔을 모르는 척하지 않는다. 오히려 하느님은 고통받는 그들에게 다가온다. 이것은 우리가 살아가야 하는 방법을 보여주는 것이기도 하다.

마음챙김 혹은 깨어있음의 힘 3 : 고통 속에서도 평정을 누린다.

에크하르트는 하느님 안에 굳건히 뿌리내린 내린 삶, 즉 지금 이 순간에 살아 있는 삶을 살 수 있다면 고통에 흔들리지 않는 평정심, 즉 ‘빈 마음’을 유지할 수 있다고 한다. 우리는 ‘빈 마음’으로 살아갈 때 결과에 대한 기대를 버리고 기도와 일 그 자체에 집중할 수 있다. 우리는 이를 통해 내면의 평온과 자유를 얻을 수 있으며, “단지 있는 것”일 뿐인 현실을 있는 그대로 받아들일 수 있다. 평정심은 고통을 낭만적으로 보는 것이 아니라, 한 번에 한순간의 삶만을 받아들이는 것일 뿐이다. 에크하르트식으로 말하면 고통은 하느님 안에 있고, 고통이 하느님이다. 따라서 고통은 원수가 아니고, 억제해야 하는 것도 아니며 그저 우리의 일부일 뿐이다.
평정심 수행은 영성생활이란 고통 없는 삶이 아니라 고통 안에서 자유로운 삶을 말하는 것임을 우리에게 상기시켜 준다. 고통을 극복해야만 하느님과 함께할 수 있다는 이분법적 사고는 고통을 일으키는 원인일 뿐이다. 해방은 다른 곳이 아니라 고통 속에서 실현된다.

<마음챙김에서 찾는 참된 신앙 Q&A>

Q. 불교와 그리스도교 사이에는 공통의 영성적 기반이 있는가?”
A. 불교의 마음챙김(mindfulness)은 그리스도교의 ‘깨어있음’과 통한다.

Q. 하느님은 어디에 있는가?”
A. 하느님은 영원하지만 오직 지금 이 순간에만 현존한다.

Q. 하느님은 어떻게 만날 수 있는가?”
A. 지금 이 순간에 대한 마음챙김 혹은 깨어있음을 실천할 때 하느님을 만날 수 있다.

Q. 우리가 하느님을 만나면 어떤 일이 일어날 것인가?”
A. 지금 이 순간에 현존하는 하느님과 일치를 이룰 때, 우리는 진정한 사랑을 실천할 수 있고 고통 안에서 자유로울 수 있다.

Q. 구원은 언제 오는가?”
A. 구원은 먼 미래의 일이 아니라 하느님을 만나는 지금 이 순간의 일이다. 접기


===



We Walk the Path Together: Learning From Thich Nhat Hanh And Meister Eckhart 
 October 31, 2005
by Brian J. Pierce (Author)
4.8 out of 5 stars 19 ratings

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This book presents engaging reflections on the modern day Vietnamese Zen Master, Thich Nhat Hanh and the medieval Christian mystic, Meister Eckhart (1260-1327). It celebrates the common spiritual ground that exists between Christianity and Buddhism.

length  202 pages

Editorial Reviews

Review
"... recommended to those who are intentional about their spiritual journey. The book is easy to read and deeply moving, because the book touches the core of our being." --Buddhist-Christian Studies
About the Author
Brian J. Pierce, a Dominican priest, is former Promoter of the Dominican Family in Latin America and the Caribbean and Assistant to the Master of the Order for the Contemplative Nuns of the Order. He has returned to full-time itinerant preaching. He is the author of We Walk the Path Together: Learning from Thich Nhat Hanh and Meister Eckhart.

Product details

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Orbis Books; 1st edition (October 31, 2005)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 202 pages
Customer reviews
4.8 out of 5 stars

Top reviews from the United States


Gregory DiSalvio

5.0 out of 5 stars Come TogetherReviewed in the United States on March 25, 2019
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This is an important Spiritual work. Catholic in perspective and open minded in scope this book outlines how closely related sound Spiritual principles are. When we still our minds we can hear that which we never thought we could.


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Mary Ann, OP

5.0 out of 5 stars Plunging Into Two WorldsReviewed in the United States on February 20, 2014
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This book more than lives up to the reviews that I read about in various publications.
The author clearly develops those beliefs held in common between Christianity and Buddhism as well as the distinct differences. He does this through the lens of the Dominican mystic Meister Eckhart and the lens of Thich Nhat Hanh. I am able to feel at home in both worlds even though I am definitely a Christian.

2 people found this helpful

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Ohio John

5.0 out of 5 stars East and West are BridgedReviewed in the United States on June 26, 2013
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Brian Pierce bridges east and west thinking on Christ consciousness/Buddha awakening that we are so gifted to have available to us. The bridge Pierce builds stretches from the historical writings and experiences of Catholic Christian Meister Eckhart of the 14th. century and Buddhist Thich Nhat Hanh of recent times. Comparing the writings and teaching of both these spiritual leaders the reader is confronted and then nurtured through a process that takes them on a journey over a bridge leading to the reality of a mystical kinship that both religious traditions share - a oneness in Awakening and communion of Spirit.

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Sister Adrienne Colson,OP

5.0 out of 5 stars Outstanding. It is worth a second and third reading ...Reviewed in the United States on July 9, 2015
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Outstanding.It is worth a second and third reading.I understand after talking with Father Brian,he will have
Anew book out sometime next year.


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Amazon Customer

5.0 out of 5 stars a book for the journeyReviewed in the United States on October 9, 2013
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this book covers the elements essential for matuirity of faith. it integrates spirituality and the human dimension of life as one.;. I didn't just read this book...I lived into the reading and rereading....wonderful.


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Angela Garossino

5.0 out of 5 stars Five StarsReviewed in the United States on September 15, 2014
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insightful and rich


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Roy

4.0 out of 5 stars This is an excellent introduction for Christians to Thich Nhat HanhReviewed in the United States on June 21, 2012

I was impressed by Pierce's comprehensive knowledge of Thich Nhat Hanh teachings and equally as well his first hand experience with the monastics in that tradition. He presents and represents many essential teachings of Thay(Thich Nhat Hanh) and relates them beautifully to Christianity.

While the book is full of quotes, poems, and references, it is written with a manner from the heart; I think it would make an excellent comprehensive introduction for any person with a Christian background into the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh without being overwhelmed by the unfamiliarity of Buddhist terminologies or beliefs.

I highly recommend this book.

4 people found this helpful

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Heike Hildebrand

5.0 out of 5 stars One of the best spiritual books I ever readReviewed in the United States on January 6, 2011

'We Walk the Path Together' by Brian J. Pierce, OP, seems to me being one of the best spiritual books I ever read. The author is very authentical, and he does not only refer to Thitch Nat Hanh, a contemporary, famous Zen Teacher (whom the author personally knows) and Meister Eckhart, the great German Mysthic, born about 1260. He also shares with the reader his own rich experiences of spirituality, religion and mysthicism.
It is a breath taking experience to follow the author on his way through all the subjects he refers to. Not a single moment boring, never seeming abstract, but full of life and deep knowledge.

This book became for me a personal guide to go deeper inside the cave of my own heart, like being leaded by a warm and brotherly hand.
I wish that every serious seeker will get the grace to meet this marvellous book of guidance!
Heike Hilderand

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AMR
5.0 out of 5 stars Amazing insights. I highly recommend itReviewed in the United Kingdom on June 1, 2015
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This is truly worth reading and digesting. Amazing insights. I highly recommend it.

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Trish Park
5.0 out of 5 stars Grounding Oneself in the NowReviewed in the United Kingdom on October 3, 2012
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This book is nourishing me in ways I did not expect. The author, whilst of course concentrating on Meister Eckhart and on Thich Nhat Hanh, introduces other voices to enrich the path we are walking in Mindfulness and in Contemplation. Being alert both to Life in the newness of each second and also to our own heart has the possibility of awakening us to real perception.

Here is a lovely scrap of a poem by David Wagoner and quoted by Brian Pierce. You will have to read further to get the rest of it!

No two trees are the same to Raven.
No two branches are the same to Wren.
If what a tree or bush does is lost to you,
You are truly lost. Stand still. The forest knows
Where you are. You must let it find you.

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Amazon Customer
5.0 out of 5 stars Same as aboveReviewed in Canada on October 13, 2015
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Challenging, thought provoking and meditative. Great for small group group discussion and sharing
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==
We Walk the Path Together: Learning from Thich Nhat Hanh and Meister Eckhart
by Brian J. Pierce
 4.15  ·   Rating details ·  13 ratings  ·  2 reviews
Through reflections on the Vietnamese Zen master, Thich Nhat Hanh and the medieval Christian mystic Meister Eckhart this book celebrates the common spiritual ground shared by Christians and Buddhists.
---
Write a review
Patricia
Sep 05, 2015Patricia rated it it was amazing
Shelves: 2015
This challenging book, narrated by a Catholic, explains the intersections of Buddhism and Christian theology, acknowledging the differences and shows great reverence to both traditions. Although some parts were above my head in rhetoric and theology terms I am not versed in, I found much to think about and it deepened my own faith. I know it is a book I will revisit numerous times.
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Mary
Jan 10, 2012Mary rated it liked it
Chosen for a discussion book for my Associates group. This books celebrataes the common spiritual ground shared by Christians and Buddists. Concepts and images made this a powerful book to read and discuss.
fl


==

2022/01/05

Surrendering into Silence: Quaker Prayer Cycles byDavid Johnson

Amazon.com: Customer reviews: Surrendering into Silence: Quaker Prayer Cycles




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Surrendering into Silence: Quaker Prayer Cycles


By David Johnson
84 pages
2 hours

Included in your membership!
at no additional cost

Description
Quaker spirituality is at its core a contemplative practice which is based on the path taught and lived by Jesus. The traditional Quaker experience is that the Spirit of God communicates directly to each and every person, especially when we spend time in silence, and is experienced mainly as an Inward Light in the conscience. Further, as this Inward Light is followed, we are granted more light and greater purity of heart or holiness, and we become reborn inwardly as the Spirit of God (Christ) takes hold of our lives.

Many of the quotations in this work are deliberately sourced from the first Quakers, whose remarkable spiritual strength opened up a vision of true Christianity and changed the world around them. The language of the 1600s sounds foreign to our ears until it becomes familiar. Many words have had different meanings over the centuries, as is clear in the different wordings of the King James Version and Revised Standard Version translations of the Bible. Readers are urged to sit and feel for the underlying spiritual message of these written experiences of our Quaker ministers and elders as well as of the selected excerpts from the Scriptures.

The Quaker experience and understanding are that God is always ready to guide and lead us and goes before us, though we may be called upon to wait till we have been inwardly prepared. 'Way will open' in God's time rather than in our own time frame.


Surrendering into Silence: Quaker Prayer Cycles
byDavid Johnson

5 global ratings | 2 global reviews
From the United States
Brian
4.0 out of 5 stars Excellent Primer for Anyone
Reviewed in the United States on September 17, 2020
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Much of this was a review to me, having been trained under the teachings of the late Thomas Keating, a Catholic. Surrendering into Silence is a Quaker version of Keating, who was one among three who began the movement of Centering Prayer and which became Contemplative Outreach LTD.

Here, Johnson, a Quaker from Australia, applies universal principles of the cycle recurring in the life of spiritual contemplation to the Quaker, or Society of Friends, or Religious Society of Friends, tradition. His use of citations from varied traditions, ancient and modern, amplifies his own comments.

While Johnson acknowledges the contemplative dimension is in varied spiritual paths, his book reads like a primer for Quakers. Still, the book would prove a valuable introduction to contemplative silence for anyone interested in exploring the process of such a way of prayerful silence and the psychology behind it as a means of purification and growing intimacy with the Divine - Johnson, in the way of Quakerism, does not seek to decide or define what the Divine would be for the reader.

Johnson points out, rightly, spiritual depth in a faith community is not possible apart from this contemplative silence. In the silence, as Johnson clarifies, we are welcomed below the usual chatter of mind and emotion so to be receptive to the Light.

And, again in the vein of Friends, receptivity to the Light in silence is done as part of a community, one not grounded on doctrinal or moral agreement, but on a shared vision in response to divine Grace. Hence, for Johnson, prayerfulness among others is as, if not more, important than alone. Indeed, he disallows any form of privatized worship, wherein one is not linked in agreement of spirit with others who share a like vision and life together.
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MikeF
5.0 out of 5 stars Much needed guide
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on July 9, 2020
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There is far too little published about the life of prayer from a specifically Quaker point of view; this brilliant and lucid little book will be of great value not only to Friends, but to all who are called to the contemplative way, from whichever tradition.
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===

There is language which describes an experience.

Have you ever been to Florence? There are fountains and sculptures everywhere you look, stone castles and vineyards occupying the surrounding countryside, ornate churches, murals painted on unsuspecting walls….

Then there is language which foretells an experience and invites you to it.

You’ve never been to Florence? Would my previous description entice you to visit? (pandemics aside). I loved the artistry of Italian doors, even just into a pharmacy. The coffee is awesome. You should definitely go.

And again, there is language which makes sense of experiences; affirming and consolidating them.

Welcome back from your trip. Did you see the fountains? Oh, yes, and they were wonderful!

Johnson’s book uses the language of early Quakers and the Christian mystics to:

  • describe his authentic experience of the life and patterns of prayer over time (Florence)
  • describe the predictable motions of the prayer of silence over time, and invites us to experience it (You should go – it’s awesome)
  • affirm and make sense of the experiences we have had, and point to next steps (…yeah, I saw that too)

If you feel offended by Christian language this book will be a challenge to you. Johnson makes no claim to the rightness of Christianity, and points to the universality of faith which lies beyond any system attempting to describe the process and guide people through. But Christianity is his language – also the language of early Friends – and he uses it unreservedly.

Surrendering into Silence is in alignment with other descriptions of the life of prayer. For example, Johnson’s description of the prayer cycle fits well with Rex Ambler’s process of Light Meditation which advises us to 1) Mind the Light, 2) Open to what it has to show you, 3) Wait for guidance, and 4) Submit to that guidance. Even more succinctly, the gospel of Thomas (logion 2) quotes Jesus as saying. “Those who seek should not stop seeking until they find; when they find they will be disturbed; when they are disturbed, they will marvel and will reign over all”

This book is a deceptively brief 55 pages. The structure is not readily apparent but eventually it becomes clear that he lays out the prayer cycle bit by bit; each bit being separated from the next by some “reflections” – carefully selected short quotes to let the concept just given connect with our own experience.

These reflections are to be read and re-read and savoured over time. This is not a book to be read from cover to cover.

Johnson describes the prayer cycle as a process of moving from an external busyness to an inward stillness, and identifies practices to become “…awakened to the possibilities of the spiritual life.” Initially, we experience rest and refreshment through a sense of effort… which gives way to a sense of being found rather than doing the searching ourselves. We begin to yield to the Light.

Next we are met with “eruptions from the subconscious”. We have sought, and found, and now it’s time to be disturbed. The disturbance and darkness we find can continue unabated for some time; Johnson says, “suffering is a real and essential part of the spiritual journey” and he observes that prolonged periods of darkness are normal. Monastics call this process “stripping”; being stripped of the unhelpful to prepare us for a more fruitful life. Extended darkness can be regarded, therefore, as making good progress; discomfort begets change. This is a place where psychology and spiritual practice overlap. The author’s advice is to step back and observe and wait to see what the Light is showing you. (Sounds a lot like Rex Ambler)

The cycle of prayer (daily practice, consolation and rest, disturbance, darkness, and transformation) is repeated over and over again, each iteration moving us further in the journey. Johnson encourages us to persevere. As we persist in the process of being transformed, we are prepared to be an instrument for a secret responsiveness, not necessarily of action, which Fox described as walking in the Light. In the author’s words. “As we become more aware, more attentive and more accepting, God can do more with us. We become co-workers with God.”

It is one thing to be passionate about what is good and to respond to the flawed world through practicing our values. It is another thing to be prepared by Spirit to be a Light-powered instrument of God moving in, and responding to, the world around us.

Johnson invites us to be there, and shows us a path for how to get there. If you want the quickie cheat sheet, the full cycle is well summarised and illustrated on pages 44 and 45.

You do need to work a bit to understand Johnson’s language of experience, invitation, affirmation and guidance, but it’s worth the effort.

Surrendering into Silence: Quaker Prayer Cycles, by David Johnson, Inner Light Books 2020.

Sheila Keane, New South Wales Regional Meeting

2022/01/01

2108 The Mystical Experience - Friends Journal

The Mystical Experience - Friends Journal

The Mystical Experience
August 1, 2021
By Donald W. McCormick


Illustration by Donald W. McCormick.

===

Reclaiming a Neglected Quaker Tradition


Many influential Quakers, such as Rufus Jones, Marcelle Martin, and Howard Brinton, have seen mysticism as the heart of Quakerism. In her Pendle Hill Pamphlet Quaker Views on Mysticism, Margery Post Abbott wrote,

In the mid-1990s, I interviewed articulate Quakers from Britain, Philadelphia, and the Pacific Northwest, many holding major positions in monthly or yearly meetings. These sixty-plus Friends overwhelmingly agreed that ours is a mystical faith.

There’s no shortage of coverage of it in Friends Journal. Type “mystic” into the search box of the online archives, and you get 26 pages of links to articles and book reviews that refer to mystics, mysticism, and mystical experience.

Despite all this, Quakers who talk about their mystical experiences are sometimes met with indifference. They aren’t believed or get some other negative response. I spoke to one Friend who began to have mystical experiences after she started attending Quaker meeting. She obtained a clearness committee to help her understand what was going on, but its members were uncomfortable dealing with her experiences and shuffled her off to talk to a different standing committee.

Also, there is little about mystical experience in central, authoritative Quaker bodies and books. Britain Yearly Meeting and Philadelphia Yearly Meeting are the largest groups of Quakers in the northern hemisphere, but Britain Yearly Meeting’s Faith and Practice only has a few brief mentions of mystical experience, and Philadelphia’s Faith and Practice has even fewer. In the 565-page Oxford Handbook of Quaker Studies, there are 39 chapters by different authors; none of them is about mysticism. In the chapters, there is very little about mystical experience and nothing about the large scholarly literature on it. For a definitive academic study of a mystical religion, this is pretty casual treatment.

Viewing mystical experience as a spectrum from theistic to unitive makes room for the full range of mystical experience in Quakerism, does not suggest that one type is better than another, and provides a framework that can help us to benefit from decades of research on mystical experience.


The Range of Mystical Experiences


There are thousands of publications in the scholarly literature on mystical experience. A central figure in this literature is American psychologist Ralph Hood. He argues that there are two types of mystical experiences: theistic and unitive.

The theistic mystical experience (also called prophetic or numinous) is “an awareness of a ‘holy other’ beyond nature, with which one is felt to be in communion.” It may be called Krishna or God or Allah or Yahweh. It’s the direct experience of the Spirit or of God. In Quakerism, mystical experience is usually thought of in theistic terms. Hearing the still, small voice of the Spirit is an example of this. Theistic mystical experiences can take the form of visions or voices, as they did with George Fox. The most common venue for theistic mystical experiences is worship, where people feel the presence of the Spirit.

The unitive is the other type of mystical experience. It is the type that is usually studied by neuroscience and psychology researchers. Many scholars who do this research argue that a sense of oneness or unity is its defining characteristic. There are two kinds of unitive mystical experience in Hood’s model: introvertive and extrovertive.

In the introvertive unitive mystical experience, there is an overwhelming sense of oneness, but there are no thoughts, emotions, or perceptions. No sense of time, place, or self. And it’s ineffable; that is, it’s impossible to adequately convey in words.

In the extrovertive unitive mystical experience, the person “continues to perceive the same world of trees and hills and tables and chairs as the rest of us . . . but sees these items transfigured in such a manner that Unity shines through them,” according to British philosopher Walter Terence Stace, whose research on mystical experience formed the basis of much of Hood’s work. In this type, one’s sense of self merges with what one is perceiving. One may directly experience oneness with everything—with other Quakers at a gathered meeting or with the ocean. Someone in this state often perceives an inner subjectivity, an aliveness, in all things, even inanimate things such as a stone or sunset.

These qualities of mystical experience aren’t thoughts or ideas. One doesn’t think about or feel the oneness of everything; it is experienced directly. In a unitive mystical experience, emotions like joy, love, openheartedness, a sense of mystery, awe, reverence, or blissful happiness can arise later.

People often see their unitive mystical experience as a source of knowledge more valid than everyday reality, and feel the experience is sacred or divine.
Some people say they were united with God or use other religious language to describe it.


Images by Shusha Guna.
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Quaker Thinking about Mystical Experience


Contemporary Quaker works about mystical experience tend to be based on the work of writers from 70 to 100 years ago, such as William James or Rufus Jones. Being stuck in the ways they thought about mystical experience is a problem because we’ve learned a lot about it since then.

Take William James’s 1902 book, The Varieties of Religious Experience, the most influential work in the field. Some of his ideas have held up over time (the ineffability of the unitive mystical experience) while others have not (the idea that getting drunk could “stimulate the mystical faculties”).

Rufus Jones is the most influential Quaker writer on mysticism and one of the most influential figures in Quaker history. He is the primary source of the idea that Quakerism is an experiential, mystical religion. But according to Hugh Rock in a 2016 article in Quaker Studies, Jones was hostile to the unitive mystical experience and felt that it reflected an immature stage of religious development. Also, like William James, many of Jones’s ideas have been questioned by later research, such as his assertion that the unitive mystical experience is “a metaphysical theory voicing itself, not an experience.” Anyone who’s had a unitive mystical experience, myself included, knows that they are genuine experiences, not theories.

Unfortunately, almost all Quaker writings on mystical experience fail to mention developments in the study of it from recent decades. You rarely see any mention of current thinkers or discussion of contemporary debates.

Also, when I talk with fellow Quakers about the unitive view of mystical experience, the most common response is, “Oh? There’s another view? What is it?” Our isolated views result, in part, because we don’t talk much with Christian, Buddhist, Sufi, Jewish, or other mystics, or participate much in the discussion of mysticism that goes on around the world in books, scholarly journals, conferences, and the web.

All this limits our thinking about mystical experience and makes it out of date; we don’t benefit from new developments about it that come from the hundreds of studies published about mystical experience each year in neuroscience, psychology, religious studies, and philosophy.

Our insularity also means that scientists conduct research on Buddhist, Catholic, and other mystics, but not Quaker mystics, even though Quakerism is seen as a major Western mystical tradition. We Quakers have a lot to contribute to the literature on mystical experience, but our isolation prevents this.

People know that Quakers value mystical experience. We help people to have mystical experiences, to recognize their mystical experiences, and to make sense of them. As a result of all this, Quakerism has become a spiritual home for mystics in the West.

Reconciling Theistic and Unitive Views

Quaker writing about mystical experience tends to emphasize theistic mystical experience and de-emphasizes or ignores the unitive. But within Quakerism, we can reconcile theistic and unitive perspectives on mystical experience by thinking of different mystical experiences as falling on a spectrum: with purely theistic experiences at one end, purely unitive experiences at the other, and a mix of the two in the middle. What does a mixed mystical experience look like? Marcelle Martin offers a vivid example of one in a 2016 Pendle Hill talk accompanying her book Our Life is Love:


One night . . . I was walking under the stars and I suddenly knew that the stars were me. I was in the stars. That we were part of a oneness and that there was a light flowing through everything and connecting everything and I could feel it flowing through my body and out of my arms and out of my fingers into the world with great power. It wasn’t my power. It was like a power of this divine reality. It took me a few years before I could say, “That’s God” because it was so different from what my expectations of what God was like.

Like Marcelle Martin, sometimes people who have this experience don’t think of it in terms of God or the Spirit until long afterwards. That happened to me. I had an intense introvertive mystical experience, and it took me years to realize that the oneness I had experienced was “that of God” in me.

Viewing mystical experience as a spectrum from theistic to unitive makes room for the full range of mystical experience in Quakerism, does not suggest that one type is better than another, and provides a framework that can help us to benefit from decades of research on mystical experience.

The Uniquely Quaker Contribution to Mystical Experience


Howard Brinton wrote that “mystics generally think of [the experience of union] only as union with God, but the Quakers . . . think of it also as union with their fellow men.” This sense of union with others is most common in the gathered meeting for worship. Current research on mystical experience generally doesn’t include the Quaker group mystical experience. One of the rare exceptions is Stanford Searl’s research. He writes that a gathered meeting doesn’t represent some version of ecstatic experience of mystical oneness with all creation. . . . What it represents and signifies is heightened awareness of interconnections among one’s self, others in the worship setting, and others in the wider world.

Sometimes a group mystical experience can be unitive. You can see this in William Tabor’s classic Pendle Hill Pamphlet, Four Doors to Quaker Worship. In it, he says that in the gathered meeting “The sharp boundaries of the self can become blurred and blended as we feel ourselves more and more united with fellow worshipers and with the Spirit of God” and that this experience can bring “joy, peace, praise, and an experience of timelessness.”

Most writing on the Quaker group mystical experience is about the gathered meeting, but the group mystical experience also happens outside of worship. In The Gathered Meeting, Thomas Kelly writes of the sense of unity or oneness that can happen between Friends:

It occurs again and again that two or three individuals find the boundaries of their separateness partially melted down. . . . But after conversing together on central things of the spirit two or more friends who know one another at deep levels find themselves wrapped in a sense of unity and of Presence.


A Vision of the Future of Quakerism and Mystical Experience

My own mystical experiences and study of both Quakerism and mystical experience have led me to a vision for the future of Quaker mysticism. Imagine this scenario for ten years from now:

Copies of Faith and Practice and reference works talk more about mysticism, and Quaker scholars interact with the larger community of mysticism researchers and publish in non-Quaker journals.
People have group mystical experiences in gathered meetings for worship. Many people come to meeting and keep coming back because it’s the place where they have this deep experience. More and more people are becoming Quakers.

People in our meetings aren’t afraid to talk about their mystical experiences. They don’t fear that their fellow Quakers will say that their experiences are implausible, incomprehensible, or inconceivable. We understand and support people’s mystical experiences. We’ve expanded our idea of mystical experience to include unitive ones that may not have a theistic aspect to them. This makes room for the mystical experiences of nontheistic Quakers, who now experience a closer connection to the mystical center of Quakerism.

People know that Quakers value mystical experience. We help people to have mystical experiences, to recognize their mystical experiences, and to make sense of them. As a result of all this, Quakerism has become a spiritual home for mystics in the West.

Correction: Margery Post Abbott’s name was misspelled in the earlier online and in the print edition.

Donald W. McCormick

As a professor, Donald W. McCormick taught management, leadership, and psychology of religion. His interests include the scientific study of mysticism and Quakerism, and evidence-based methods for teaching mindfulness. He is co-clerk of Grass Valley Meeting in Nevada City, Calif., and director of education for Unified Mindfulness. Contact: donmccormick2@gmail.com.
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January 1 2022



David Castro
Bryn Mawr, PA, August 3, 2021 at 10:37 am


Thank you for this wonderful essay. I have always found the mystical element of Quakerism to be very important. I love your vision of how the mystical elements within Quakerism can be uplifted. There is something very powerful (and mystical) in the immediacy of silence and silent corporate worship. We carry the past with us in our memories, but a gathered meeting is also vitally present to the current moment and the experience of the light within the world, within ourselves, within others. It is a direct encounter with the spirit in which we have the opportunity for both theistic and unitive experiences!
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Priscilla Ppraeluso
Citrus heights Cap, August 6, 2021 at 12:45 pm


Well said.
Inspiring to this interested,
Outsider. I will be searching
Quakerism meetings when I Move to New England.
Thank you
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George Powell
Carmel Valley CA, August 30, 2021 at 5:40 pm


This essay is a great analysis of an ineffable subject. The categories of theistic and unitive mystical experience (and the sub-categories of introvert and extrovert for the latter) are useful for logically understanding this phenomenon. In my experience, all of these are experienced simultaneously, like united paradoxes.
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George Powell
Carmel Valley CA, August 30, 2021 at 5:56 pm


Carl Jung wrote that the only experience of the Collective Unconscious in the world is found in the gathered or covered Quaker Meeting for Worship.
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Kerry Shipman
Dorrigo NSW, September 2, 2021 at 12:18 am


Beautiful.
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Rhonda Ashurst
Reno, Nevada, August 14, 2021 at 4:05 pm


I was happy to see this article on mystical experience in FJ this month! I am one of the editors of What Canst Thou Say (WCTS). WCTS has been sharing the personal stories of Quaker mystics for over twenty-five years through our quarterly publication. We also have an email listserv and blogs to foster sharing of mystical and contemplative experiences. I began writing for WCTS 15 years ago, when one of the editors found my writing and encouraged me to submit some of my pieces. It was through WCTS that I learned about Quaker faith and was ultimately drawn to Reno Friends Meeting. 

I felt like I finally found my tribe–others who had experiences like mine. You can find out more at our website: http://www.whatcanstthousay.org/

Friends are invited to request a free sample copy or send submissions for future issues. All varieties of mystical experience are welcomed and valued. You can also submit to our blog or sign up for the listserv through the website.
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schast
Philadelphia, PA, September 1, 2021 at 12:07 pm


I enjoy What Canst Thou Say.
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donmccormick2
Grass Valley, CA, August 17, 2021 at 10:40 pm


I’m delighted by your post, Rhonda. I see we don’t live that far apart either. Did you by any chance attend the special interest group on mystical experience that I led at Pacific Yearly Meeting a few years back? I’m also glad that you mentioned What Canst Thou Say. To those who are unfamiliar with it, I can’t recommend it highly enough. In fact, partially in preparation for this article, I bought a copy of every back issue I could get–going back to 1994.
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Rhonda Ashurst
Reno, August 22, 2021 at 5:45 pm


I’m happy to hear that you are a reader of WCTS and that is has been helpful to you. I have only been going to Reno Friends Meeting since 2018, so I’m sorry I missed your group. We at WCTS are delighted by your article and thank you for writing it!
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Susann Estle
Danville, IN, August 30, 2021 at 12:02 pm


I, too, experience mysticism in a unitive fashion. I have often seen these experiences through the lenses of Native American or Indigenous spirituality – that the earth and all on it are interconnected, and yet there is “that of God in all” (not just humans). Quaker beliefs and practices help me practice equality and peace with this knowledge.
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donmccormick2
Grass Valley, CA, August 30, 2021 at 3:48 pm


That’s wonderful that you are having unitive experiences and that “the lenses of Native American or Indigenous spirituality” are ways that you find helpful in understanding mystical experience. Years ago, when I was trying to create a theory about spirituality in the workplace, I studied a variety of spiritual and religious traditions. One thing that I found that really impressed me was that certain cultures, such as the Navajo, are deeply spiritual but have no word for religion or the spiritual per se, in part because it is seen as such an integral part of life. If people don’t experience a separation between work and spirituality in the first place, a theory that looks at the degree to which work is more or less integrated with their spiritual lives is meaningless. I’m curious, do you engage in any Native American or Indigenous spiritual practices, like the sweat lodge or the sun dance?
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friendmarcelle
Chester, PA, August 30, 2021 at 2:27 pm


Thank you for this wonderful article. I love the Vision of the Future of Quakerism and Mystical Experience. The author’s colorful illustration is amazing.
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Helen Meads
Huddersfield, West Yorkshire , August 30, 2021 at 6:31 pm


Here’s a link to a serious academic study of Quaker religious/spiritual/mystical experience, Don: https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/3076/1/Meads11PhD.pdf
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George Schaefer
Glenside, PA, August 30, 2021 at 7:34 pm


Thank you, Don for your informative article and the reminder that Quakerism is, in fact, a mystical and experiential faith.

I agree with your assessment of the Oxford Book of Quaker Studies (2013.) The absence of any direct reference to the mystical Quaker religious experience is noticeable. While the editor (Stephen Angell) intended this volume to present Quakerism to the academic world, anyone searching for information, scholarly or otherwise, in this authoritative book, that explores in depth the bedrock Quaker conviction that spiritual knowing can only be found in a direct encounter with the divine, will have to look elsewhere.

The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism edited by Stephen Angell and Pink Dandelion and published in 2018 includes only one reference to mysticism in its index. It references the writing of Rufus Jones (Mystical Religion) published in the early twentieth century. While it states that Jones tried to locate Quakerism in the stream of Western mysticism, it claims that he drew heavily on American Transcendentalist thought and the early modern European mystics. There is no mention of the early Quaker mystical religious experience other than a brief reference to the idea of the Inward Light as central to Fox’s theology.

Again, it is the intention of the editors to present Quakerism to the wider-world and so the core religious and mystical experience that motivates Quakers to do what they do is not delved into. However, Pink Dandelion has published and spoken publicly about the profound mystical experience (extraverted unitive, to use your useful topology) he had as a young Englishman traveling in American. I know that Pink Dandelion is a sociologist and not a historian of religion. But he is a mystic! I hope in the future, as editor he will fix this lacuna in his presentation of Quakerism to those outside of the fold.

One corrective to this oversight is Mind the Oneness: The Mystic Way of the Quaker by Rex Ambler (PHP 463.) published in 2020. Rex’s pamphlet is based on a talk he gave to the Quaker Universalist Group at their annual conference in 2017. It “explores Quaker mysticism from the earliest years of George Fox to the present day.” Rex sees mysticism as part of the search for “ultimate reality” and authentic self hood: “a finding of oneness against the forces of separation and alienation, always in direct, unmediated experience.”

Ambler does make the caveat that mysticism is not a systematic endeavor. This is because the spiritual searching and the finding of a living truth to be guided by is not a static, step-wise process. It is a life long practice that unfolds as we engage with our world both inner and outer. I have experienced both introverted and extraverted unitive experiences (both theistic and non-theistic) at various times in my life. How this happened is a mystery, of course. But the glimpse of unity and the inner peace it brings leaves me with a thirst to know more.

And, for Ambler mysticism may involve protest. The Quaker mystic is often compelled to reconcile the unitive reality of our collective being with the social structures established by governments that attempt to separate (and thus alienate) people from their intuitive and noetic understanding of our common humanity as apart of the created world. To my mind, this is the basis of our equality testimony.

At the conclusion of Ambler’s pamphlet, he hopes that in the future the Quaker mystical vision will continue to be embodied in new and practical ways. Thanks again for raising up a topic so essential to our lives and work as Friends. I hope that the more we talk about this foundational aspect of our tradition the more appealing Quakers will be to those searching for a home (both theistic and non-theistic) where talking safely and respectfully about the mystical in the language of our present experience is welcomed.
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donmccormick2
Grass Valley, California, August 31, 2021 at 4:32 pm


Dear George,
You wrote,
“Again, it is the intention of the editors to present Quakerism to the wider-world and so the core religious and mystical experience that motivates Quakers to do what they do is not delved into.”
“However, Pink Dandelion has published and spoken publicly about the profound mystical experience (extraverted unitive, to use your useful topology) he had as a young Englishman traveling in American. I know that Pink Dandelion is a sociologist and not a historian of religion.”
I once talked to a person from the field of sociology of religion and said that the field seems to study religion as if the existence of God was not a relevant question. They agreed that this was the case.
But he is a mystic! I hope in the future, as editor he will fix this lacuna in his presentation of Quakerism to those outside of the fold.
I suspect that the reason that mention of mystical experience is avoided in these books is that academics who are unfamiliar with the literature on mystical experience in neuroscience, psychology, history, and religious studies are embarrassed to write about it. There may confuse mystical experience with mysticism and there be anxiety that it would be like writing about something too intimately religious, or too new-age-wacky for academic study. I would very much like to know why they don’t include mystical experience in their books. But your comments made me realize that I don’t need to guess, I can just ask him via email. I think I will.
“Ambler does make the caveat that mysticism is not a systematic endeavor. This is because the spiritual searching and the finding of a living truth to be guided by is not a static, step-wise process. It is a life long practice that unfolds as we engage with our world both inner and outer. I have experienced both introverted and extraverted unitive experiences (both theistic and non-theistic) at various times in my life. How this happened is a mystery, of course. But the glimpse of unity and the inner peace it brings leaves me with a thirst to know more.”
I disagree with Ambler about this. I think that Buddhist and other disciplines are systematic and do lead to mystical experience. Also, the current research in the use of psylocibin and other psychedelic drugs can provide a system for it.
“And, for Ambler mysticism may involve protest. The Quaker mystic is often compelled to reconcile the unitive reality of our collective being with the social structures established by governments that attempt to separate (and thus alienate) people from their intuitive and noetic understanding of our common humanity as a part of the created world. To my mind, this is the basis of our equality testimony.”
That’s really beautifully put. I always wanted to have some buttons or t-shirts printed that said
Activist + Mystic = Quaker
But I’ve held back because I keep thinking it would offend some people, although I’m not exactly sure why.
“Thanks again for raising up a topic so essential to our lives and work as Friends.”
You’re welcome. I really enjoyed your comments.
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Nola Landucci
August 30, 2021 at 11:42 pm


Theistic and unitive responses are different faces of the essentially mystic nature of creation in its essence, in themselves they are neither opposite nor in competition All vibrant spiritual systems are animated by and thru them, and ultimately united in the communion of the saints. Singing.
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Kerry shipman
Dorrigo. New South Wales, August 31, 2021 at 1:41 am


Thank you for this wonderful article. I am a relatively newcomer to Quakers and after six months of regular meeting I feel as if I have been a Quaker all my life. I have always been drawn to the traditions of mysticism and feel sad about how it has been trivialized and exiled to the periphery by the very traditions that nurtured it and brought it into being. It as been hijacked by the esoteric blanket throwers and now is its time to reclaim its rightful place within the midst of community and the routines of every day life. St Teresa of Avila basically said the best way to distinguish between a neurotic and a genuine mystic is their ability to integrate into daily life of community. The heart of a mystical experience is to be grounded in the here and now.
I suspect at this time in our collective histories there are profound disintegrations of paradigms within the broad spectrum of Western culture and society aided and abetted by crass consumerism and radical individualism. The old reference points no longer give us direction – the old is dying but not yet dead and the new is coming to birth but not yet born. Perhaps the age of disconnection has run its course and humanity is ready to reach out for a connection that embraces us in mutual relationships grounded in stillness and silence.
In the silence of our meetings I experience the most profound embrace of Presence and connection and I don’t think we will have to wait too long to recover something we already have in abundance.
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donmccormick2
Grass Valley, CA, August 31, 2021 at 4:35 pm


Kerry, I sincerely hope you are right about not having to wait too long. – Don
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Sandra Palmer
Vienna, VA, August 31, 2021 at 1:28 pm


Thank you, Donald, for bringing forward the essence of Quaker practice, for our examination. I believe mystical experience is not meant to be mysteriously available only for a special few. It is meant to be commonplace and available to everyone. Reinforced in Meeting for Worship and other gatherings but also available while washing dishes or pulling up weeds. The more experience I have, the fewer useful distinctions I can make. That state of being really is ineffable. Yet we need to talk about it in order to provide validation for folks who may not understand what is happening, or has happened, to them. And because we need to know that one’s spiritual experience can–and should–develop, grow, and change. The One in whose oneness we participate does also instruct.

As a Quaker, I recommend also investigating the writings of Evelyn Underhill, St. Teresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross, and T.S.Eliot. Each of them has provided invaluable validation of my experience and opened doors to more, despite being no longer with us.
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Chris King
Ojai, CA, August 31, 2021 at 2:26 pm


The word “mystical” puts me off. I prefer ‘transcendent’ because such experiences are greater than ordinary ones, but they don’t *necessarily*signify that I have communicated with some higher power. This is the puzzle to me—why people assume their experience of connecting with a higher power means they have in fact done so. As an author and artist I know that the experience of ‘outside’ can come from inside (though some would argue that ‘genius’ is something visited upon us.) I see visions nightly in my dreams. I can be ‘transported’ by sexual ecstasy or drugs or even exhaustion. What is curious to me is the strong human desire to be larger than ourselves. Why do we see some prophet’s dream as some greater truth rather than just some personal ‘trip’ that they enjoyed? Personal or prophetic, I guess we see transcendence as the antidote to that other deep vision the full knowledge of our own and our loved ones’ decay and death.
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Kerry Shipman
Dorrigo NSW, September 1, 2021 at 2:47 am


Dear Chris,
I tend to agree and l think we need to grapple a little longer before we find descriptive words that resonate with the Western mind set.
One of our problems with the term mysticism is it implies a disconnection from the ordinary events of day to day living. The same can be said regarding Mystic. Mystery tends to be interpreted as a problem to be solved.
We have lost our capacity to recognise the mysterium as a reality to be penetrated with openess and curiosity. The insights gained by the individual experience is always for the benefit of the community.
I suspect there is a recalibration of significant paradigms taking place within our cultural and social fields placing our familiar reference points in a state of flux. The old is dying but not yet dead and the new is coming to birth but not yet born.
For me, the concreteness of ‘Now’ centres me within this state of flux, for the past is always present within the Now and actions to change the future are anchored in the Now. Perhaps mysticism may teach us the language of actions rather than words “…..for the word killeth.”
The Light lives within me/us, reverberates within me/us, and radiates from me/us as me/us.
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David Leonard
Kennett Square, PA, August 31, 2021 at 3:47 pm


Thanks for this useful article.

One important Quaker thinker on mysticism who has been missed in this discussion is Douglas Steere. He was the Haverford colleague of Thomas Kelly and editor of the latter’s important TESTAMENT OF DEVOTION. He also was well connected personally across denominational and faith boundaries to other mystic leaders — Catholic, sufi, etc. He saw Quakerism as a lay mystical religious order within the larger, ecumenical church. Perhaps for that reason most of his longer work was published outside the world of Quakerism, even though he was deeply involved with Pendle Hill for many years. His 1984 edited volume on QUAKER SPIRITUALITY was published by the Paulist Press and much of his work on prayer was published by a Methodist press. The latter does a good job of bridging between mysticism and more conventional devotional spirituality.

Much of what appears to be the short shrift given to mysticism in “official” Quaker publications is due to the fact that those experiencing it often use other language for their experiences. George Fox spoke of “openings;” Issac Pennington and John Woolman also had direct divine “leadings.” There is no shortage of references to these leaders and their clearly mystical experiences in the multiple versions of FAITH AND PRACTICE.
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donmccormick2
Grass Valley, CA, August 31, 2021 at 4:39 pm


I know of one accomplished mystic who explained to me that when you are no longer identified with a particular body or person, but instead identify with the entire universe, that the death of the individual self is no longer something that is to quite be so feared.
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schast
Philadelphia, PA, September 1, 2021 at 12:21 pm


Thanks for (re) starting the discussion. I’ve found it helpful to think of mysticism in tandem with “terminal screens” (Kenneth Burke, 1966)–though I’ve expanded the concept, I think, in accepting how I experience mystically. For example, I might hear Jesus’ voice and God’s voice, but I know mentally, physically–and all ways of knowing–that these two ideas/entities don’t have “voice.” It’s as if–along with all the other languages of Babel–‘what-is-experience’ seeks a channel through which I will receive. That channel may be similar or different to how others experience, it may be a group experience, it may be familiar, it may be surprising and new. When we factor communication in with experience, I believe we expand the idea of mysticism and help individuals to see that they may have been mystics all along.
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donmccormick2
Grass Valley, California, September 4, 2021 at 11:04 pm


That’s a very good point you make about the way that the Spirit communicates with us. If God or Jesus or the Spirit does communicate with us, it must be through some way that we can receive it. I’m reminded of people who dismiss religious experience as “just” something physical or neurological or biological. As if there is some form of communication that has no sensory or physical component to it. These people also remind me of the story of the holy man who is caught in a flood. His neighbor pulls up in a car and offers to give him a ride to safety. He replies, “No thanks. I have prayed and God will provide.” The water gets up to his neck and someone else comes up in a boat and offers to help. The man says, “No thanks. I have prayed and God will provide.” The man drowns and when he meets God in heaven, he asks God why his prayers weren’t answered. God replies, “I don’t understand either. I heard your prayers and I sent your neighbor in a car. Then I sent someone in a boat…”
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Aaron J Freeman
New Haven, CT, September 1, 2021 at 12:44 pm


The six days of Labor, Commerce and Obligations, potentiate the seventh day of Rest. To understand the mystical nature of The Quaker Religion, it would help to understand the mystical nature of the Sabbath: you are going to die, which ultimately beats the alternative; The Sabbath is a good rehearsal for this; Quaker Meeting supercharges The Sabbath; Meeting is no more the whole of The Quaker Religion, than The Hinge is the whole of The Door. The experience of Reality should be a mystical act.
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Kerry shipman
Dorigo NSW, September 3, 2021 at 12:42 am


I think the Sabbath is celebrated on Saturday and belongs uniquely in the Jewish tradition. Christians chose the first day of the week (Sunday) as it represented new beginnings in the light of the resurrection.
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D Lockyer
Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK, September 4, 2021 at 5:33 pm


Thank you for this article. I have been engaged in the study of the actual relationship between C G Jung and a group of Quakers who were in Geneva in the 1930s, and how they disseminated their transformed understanding of Quakerism as a mystical, experiential and experimental religion that resulted.
The key members of that group, Irene Pickard, Elined Kotschnig (who played a leading role in the Friends Conference on Religion and Psychology), P W Martin (who wrote the book Experiment in Depth), and his wife Margery, created an archive of materials which Irene Pickard fortunately preserved.
They knew Rufus Jones, Howard Brinton and Douglas Steere, and like them, laid great stress on the mystical tradition within Quakerism, which for them was given extra zest by what they saw as the psychological underpinning provided by Jung.
The resultant work is currently with a publisher.
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